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Han X, Wei Q, Xu RX, Wang S, Liu XY, Guo C, Gao Q, Zhou X, Chen LP, Li ZF. Minocycline induces tolerance to dendritic cell production probably by targeting the SOCS1/ TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Transpl Immunol 2023; 79:101856. [PMID: 37196867 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that play a key role in maintaining peripheral immune tolerance. The use of tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs), i.e., semi-mature DCs that express co-stimulatory molecules but not pro-inflammatory cytokines, has been proposed. However, the mechanism of tolDCs induced by minocycline is still unclear. Our previous bioinformatics analyses based on multiple databases suggested that the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1/Toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB (SOCS1/TLR4/NF-κB) signal pathway was associated with DCs maturation. Thus, we studied whether minocycline could induce DC tolerance through this pathway. METHODS A search for potential targets was carried out through public databases, and pathway analysis was performed on these potential targets to obtain pathways relevant to the experiment. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of DC surface markers CD11c, CD86, and CD80, and major histocompatibility complex II. The secretion of interleukin (IL)-12p70, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α), and IL-10 in the DC supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay. The ability of three groups (Ctrl-DCs, Mino-DCs, and LPS-DCs) of DCs to stimulate allogeneic CD4+ T cells was analyzed using a mixed lymphocyte reaction assay. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of TLR4, NF-κB-p65, NF-κB-p-p65, IκB-α, and SOCS1 proteins. RESULTS The hub gene plays a vital role in biological processes; in related pathways, the regulation of other genes is often affected by it. The SOCS1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway was further validated by searching for potential targets through public databases to obtain relevant pathways. The minocycline-induced tolDCs showed characteristics of semi-mature DCs. Moreover, the IL-12p70 and TNF-α levels in the minocycline-stimulated DC group (Mino-DC group) were lower than those in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-DC group, and the IL-10 levels were higher in the Mino-DC group than in the LPS-DC and control DC groups. In addition, the Mino-DC group had decreased protein expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB-p65 and upregulated protein levels of NF-κB-p-p65, IκB-α, and SOCS1 compared with the other groups. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that minocycline could improve the tolerance of DCs probably by blocking the SOCS1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Wei
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xue Xu
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Guo
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen-Fei Li
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
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2
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Aniagyei W, Adjei JK, Adankwah E, Seyfarth J, Mayatepek E, Antwi Berko D, Sakyi SA, Batsa Debrah L, Debrah AY, Hoerauf A, Owusu DO, Phillips RO, Jacobsen M. Doxycycline Treatment of Mansonella perstans-Infected Individuals Affects Immune Cell Activation and Causes Long-term T-cell Polarization. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:e1399-e1407. [PMID: 35657028 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxycycline is used for treatment of Mansonella perstans infection. Immune modulatory effects of both M. perstans and doxycycline have been described but long-term implications on host immune response are not defined. Here we determined multiple immune parameters of M. perstans-infected individuals before and after doxycycline treatment to characterize doxycycline effects on host T-cell immunity. METHODS Immune characterization of doxycycline-treated M. perstans-infected individuals was performed as part of an open-label randomized clinical trial. Immune cell population phenotyping by flow cytometry and functional in vitro T-cell assays were performed at baseline, 6 months, and "long term" (18-24 months) after treatment start. Treatment efficacy, based on peripheral blood microfilaria (mf) burden, was correlated with immune parameters and effects on immune response against concomitant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection were determined. RESULTS Immune population phenotyping indicated changes in functional T-cell responses after doxycycline treatment. Constitutive and superantigen-induced T-cell activation and polarization towards T-helper type (TH) 1 phenotype at baseline declined after doxycycline treatment, whereas low proportions of TH17 and TH1* cells at baseline increased significantly at follow-up. In accordance, long-term decline in antigen-specific TH1 responses against concomitant M. tuberculosis infection was seen. Notably, only TH17 and TH1* changes after 6 months and TH17 at baseline were negatively correlated with M. perstans microfilaria burden or reduction, whereas long-term changes were not associated with treatment efficacy. CONCLUSIONS We found long-term immune modulatory effects of doxycycline treatment leading to decreased constitutive T-cell activation, polarization towards TH17/TH1*, and impaired immune response against concomitant M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Aniagyei
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jonathan Kofi Adjei
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ernest Adankwah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Julia Seyfarth
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Antwi Berko
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Samuel Asamoah Sakyi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Linda Batsa Debrah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alexander Yaw Debrah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana.,Faculty of Allied Health Sciences of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn-Cologne, Germany
| | - Dorcas O Owusu
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Richard O Phillips
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Marc Jacobsen
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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3
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Li J, Thomson AW, Rogers NM. Myeloid and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies for Solid Organ Transplant Tolerance. Transplantation 2021; 105:e303-e321. [PMID: 33756544 PMCID: PMC8455706 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation is now performed globally as a routine procedure. However, the increased demand for donor organs and consequent expansion of donor criteria has created an imperative to maximize the quality of these gains. The goal is to balance preservation of allograft function against patient quality-of-life, despite exposure to long-term immunosuppression. Elimination of immunosuppressive therapy to avoid drug toxicity, with concurrent acceptance of the allograft-so-called operational tolerance-has proven elusive. The lack of recent advances in immunomodulatory drug development, together with advances in immunotherapy in oncology, has prompted interest in cell-based therapies to control the alloimmune response. Extensive experimental work in animals has characterized regulatory immune cell populations that can induce and maintain tolerance, demonstrating that their adoptive transfer can promote donor-specific tolerance. An extension of this large body of work has resulted in protocols for manufacture, as well as early-phase safety and feasibility trials for many regulatory cell types. Despite the excitement generated by early clinical trials in autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation, there is as yet no clinically validated, approved regulatory cell therapy for transplantation. In this review, we summarize recent advances in this field, with a focus on myeloid and mesenchymal cell therapies, including current understanding of the mechanisms of action of regulatory immune cells, and clinical trials in organ transplantation using these cells as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Li
- Center of Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Angus W Thomson
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Natasha M Rogers
- Center of Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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4
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Regulatory Macrophages and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells in Myeloid Regulatory Cell-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157970. [PMID: 34360736 PMCID: PMC8348814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid regulatory cell-based therapy has been shown to be a promising cell-based medicinal approach in organ transplantation and for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most efficient antigen-presenting cells and can naturally acquire tolerogenic properties through a variety of differentiation signals and stimuli. Several subtypes of DCs have been generated using additional agents, including vitamin D3, rapamycin and dexamethasone, or immunosuppressive cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). These cells have been extensively studied in animals and humans to develop clinical-grade tolerogenic (tol)DCs. Regulatory macrophages (Mregs) are another type of protective myeloid cell that provide a tolerogenic environment, and have mainly been studied within the context of research on organ transplantation. This review aims to thoroughly describe the ex vivo generation of tolDCs and Mregs, their mechanism of action, as well as their therapeutic application and assessment in human clinical trials.
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5
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Wei W, Ma D, Li L, Zhang L. Progress in the Application of Drugs for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:724718. [PMID: 34326775 PMCID: PMC8313804 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.724718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which gives rise to focal lesion in CNS and cause physical disorders. Although environmental factors and susceptibility genes are reported to play a role in the pathogenesis of MS, its etiology still remains unclear. At present, there is no complete cure, but there are drugs that decelerate the progression of MS. Traditional therapies are disease-modifying drugs that control disease severity. MS drugs that are currently marketed mainly aim at the immune system; however, increasing attention is being paid to the development of new treatment strategies targeting the CNS. Further, the number of neuroprotective drugs is presently undergoing clinical trials and may prove useful for the improvement of neuronal function and survival. In this review, we have summarized the recent application of drugs used in MS treatment, mainly introducing new drugs with immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, or regenerative properties and their possible treatment strategies for MS. Additionally, we have presented Food and Drug Administration-approved MS treatment drugs and their administration methods, mechanisms of action, safety, and effectiveness, thereby evaluating their treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Denglei Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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6
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Ness S, Lin S, Gordon JR. Regulatory Dendritic Cells, T Cell Tolerance, and Dendritic Cell Therapy for Immunologic Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:633436. [PMID: 33777019 PMCID: PMC7988082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen-presenting cells that can communicate with T cells both directly and indirectly, regulating our adaptive immune responses against environmental and self-antigens. Under some microenvironmental conditions DC develop into anti-inflammatory cells which can induce immunologic tolerance. A substantial body of literature has confirmed that in such settings regulatory DC (DCreg) induce T cell tolerance by suppression of effector T cells as well as by induction of regulatory T cells (Treg). Many in vitro studies have been undertaken with human DCreg which, as a surrogate marker of antigen-specific tolerogenic potential, only poorly activate allogeneic T cell responses. Fewer studies have addressed the abilities of, or mechanisms by which these human DCreg suppress autologous effector T cell responses and induce infectious tolerance-promoting Treg responses. Moreover, the agents and properties that render DC as tolerogenic are many and varied, as are the cells’ relative regulatory activities and mechanisms of action. Herein we review the most current human and, where gaps exist, murine DCreg literature that addresses the cellular and molecular biology of these cells. We also address the clinical relevance of human DCreg, highlighting the outcomes of pre-clinical mouse and non-human primate studies and early phase clinical trials that have been undertaken, as well as the impact of innate immune receptors and symbiotic microbial signaling on the immunobiology of DCreg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ness
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Shiming Lin
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - John R Gordon
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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7
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Effect of chemically modified tetracycline-8 (CMT-8) on hematology, blood chemistry, cytokines and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets of healthy dogs. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:200-208. [PMID: 33684794 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tetracyclines are antibiotics widely used in human and veterinary medicine. Effects on the immune system and inflammatory response, including effects on blood leukocytes proliferation and function and in cytokines synthesis, have been described. Chemically modified tetracyclines (CMT) have lost their antimicrobial activity, but maintain these other properties. This study analyzes the effect of chemically modified tetracycline-8 (CMT-8) on the evolution of complete blood count, blood chemistry, the mRNA expression of selected cytokines and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations distribution in healthy dogs. CMT-8 at a dose of 10 mg/kg once daily was administered per os to six healthy dogs. A control group of five healthy dogs, living in the same conditions than dogs treated with CMT-8, received placebo with an identical therapeutic regimen. When given at the doses used in this study, no side effects of CMT-8 were detected, suggesting a good tolerance and a limited toxicity of the drug. Dogs treated with CMT-8 showed a gradual increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin. The administration of CMT-8 in healthy dogs did not affect blood mRNA expression of IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p40 and IL-13. However, the lymphocytes expressing class II MHC on their surface decreased during the first two weeks of CMT-8 treatment and subsequently increased for the next three months. Considering the absence of antimicrobial properties of the drug, the effects of CMT-8 detected in this study seem to be unrelated to the classical antimicrobial activity attributed to tetracyclines.
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8
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Víctor-Carvalho P, Thome R, Rapôso C. Can tetracyclines ensure help in multiple sclerosis immunotherapy? J Clin Transl Res 2021; 7:22-33. [PMID: 34104806 PMCID: PMC8177043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system where an autoimmune response leads to chronic inflammation. It represents the second leading cause of non-traumatic disability in the world, affecting mainly young adults and with high female to male incidence. At present, the causative agent in MS is unknown, preventing the development of prophylaxis policies and the understanding of how the human system copes with this complex inflammation. Tetracyclines (Tet) have attracted great attention due to their anti-inflammatory effects. Minocycline and doxycycline represent the second-generation Tet that have been largely used to treat acne and to suppress inflammation. In addition, they are safer and cheaper than other drugs currently used to treat MS. AIM This study aims to review recent data involving the Tet minocycline and doxycycline and their therapeutic potential in MS. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS Many of the drugs used to treat MS have severe side effects and are costly. Tet, on the other hand, are a safe and inexpensive class of drugs that can modulate the immune response in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Víctor-Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Thome
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia-PA, USA
| | - Catarina Rapôso
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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9
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Roth-Walter F, Adcock IM, Benito-Villalvilla C, Bianchini R, Bjermer L, Boyman O, Caramori G, Cari L, Fan Chung K, Diamant Z, Eguiluz-Gracia I, Knol EF, Kolios A, Levi-Schaffer F, Nocentini G, Palomares O, Redegeld F, Van Esch B, Stellato C. Immune modulation via T regulatory cell enhancement: Disease-modifying therapies for autoimmunity and their potential for chronic allergic and inflammatory diseases-An EAACI position paper of the Task Force on Immunopharmacology (TIPCO). Allergy 2021; 76:90-113. [PMID: 32593226 DOI: 10.1111/all.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic advances using targeted biologicals and small-molecule drugs have achieved significant success in the treatment of chronic allergic, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases particularly for some patients with severe, treatment-resistant forms. This has been aided by improved identification of disease phenotypes. Despite these achievements, not all severe forms of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are successfully targeted, and current treatment options, besides allergen immunotherapy for selected allergic diseases, fail to change the disease course. T cell-based therapies aim to cure diseases through the selective induction of appropriate immune responses following the delivery of engineered, specific cytotoxic, or regulatory T cells (Tregs). Adoptive cell therapies (ACT) with genetically engineered T cells have revolutionized the oncology field, bringing curative treatment for leukemia and lymphoma, while therapies exploiting the suppressive functions of Tregs have been developed in nononcological settings, such as in transplantation and autoimmune diseases. ACT with Tregs are also being considered in nononcological settings such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and chronic inflammatory disorders. After describing the general features of T cell-based approaches and current applications in autoimmune diseases, this position paper reviews the experimental models testing or supporting T cell-based approaches, especially Treg-based approaches, in severe IgE-mediated responses and chronic respiratory airway diseases, such as severe asthma and COPD. Along with an assessment of challenges and unmet needs facing the application of ACT in these settings, this article underscores the potential of ACT to offer curative options for patients with severe or treatment-resistant forms of these immune-driven disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cristina Benito-Villalvilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lung and Allergy research, Allergy, Asthma and COPD Competence Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Imaging (BIOMORF), Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Cari
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Experimental Studies Medicine at National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London & Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen and QPS-NL, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-ARADyAL, Málaga, Spain
| | - Edward F Knol
- Departments of Immunology and Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antonios Kolios
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Nocentini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank Redegeld
- Faculty of Science, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Betty Van Esch
- Faculty of Science, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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10
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Park CS, Kim SH, Lee CK. Immunotherapy of Autoimmune Diseases with Nonantibiotic Properties of Tetracyclines. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e47. [PMID: 33425432 PMCID: PMC7779869 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetracyclines, which have long been used as broad-spectrum antibiotics, also exhibit a variety of nonantibiotic activities including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Tetracyclines bind to the 30S ribosome of the bacteria and inhibit protein synthesis. Unlike antimicrobial activity, the primary molecular target for the nonantibiotic activity of tetracycline remains to be clarified. Nonetheless, the therapeutic efficacies of tetracyclines, particularly minocycline and doxycycline, have been demonstrated in various animal models of autoimmune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and asthma. In this study, we summarized the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of tetracyclines, focusing on the mechanisms underlying these activities. In addition, we highlighted the on-going or completed clinical trials with reported outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Su Park
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Chong-Kil Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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11
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Park HW, Park SH, Jo HJ, Kim TG, Lee JH, Kang SG, Jang YS, Kim PH. Lactoferrin Induces Tolerogenic Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e38. [PMID: 33163246 PMCID: PMC7609161 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that initiate both T-cell responses and tolerance. Tolerogenic DCs (tDCs) are regulatory DCs that suppress immune responses through the induction of T-cell anergy and Tregs. Because lactoferrin (LF) was demonstrated to induce functional Tregs and has a protective effect against inflammatory bowel disease, we explored the tolerogenic effects of LF on mouse bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs). The expression of CD80/86 and MHC class II was diminished in LF-treated BMDCs (LF-BMDCs). LF facilitated BMDCs to suppress proliferation and elevate Foxp3+ induced Treg (iTreg) differentiation in ovalbumin-specific CD4+ T-cell culture. Foxp3 expression was further increased by blockade of the B7 molecule using CTLA4-Ig but was diminished by additional CD28 stimulation using anti-CD28 Ab. On the other hand, the levels of arginase-1 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (known as key T-cell suppressive molecules) were increased in LF-BMDCs. Consistently, the suppressive activity of LF-BMDCs was partially restored by inhibitors of these molecules. Collectively, these results suggest that LF effectively causes DCs to be tolerogenic by both the suppression of T-cell proliferation and enhancement of iTreg differentiation. This tolerogenic effect of LF is due to the reduction of costimulatory molecules and enhancement of suppressive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Won Park
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Park
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ju Jo
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- Department of Systems Immunology, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Seung-Goo Kang
- Department of Systems Immunology, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Young-Saeng Jang
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.,Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Pyeung-Hyeun Kim
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.,Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Švajger U, Rožman PJ. Recent discoveries in dendritic cell tolerance-inducing pharmacological molecules. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 81:106275. [PMID: 32044665 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) represent one of the most important biological tools for cellular immunotherapy purposes. There are an increasing number of phase I and II studies, where regulatory or tolerogenic DCs (TolDCs) are utilized as negative vaccines, with the aim of inducing tolerogenic outcomes in patients with various autoimmune or chronic-inflammatory diseases, as well as in transplant settings. The induction of tolerogenic properties in DCs can be achieved by altering their activation state toward expression of immunosuppressive elements and/or by achieving resistance to maturation, which leads to insufficient co-stimulatory signal delivery and inability to efficiently present antigens. In the past, one of the most efficient ways to induce DC tolerance has been the application of selected pharmacological agents which actively induce a tolerogenic transcription program or inhibit major pro-inflammatory transcription factors such as Nf-κB. Important examples include immunosuppressants such as different corticosteroids, vitamin D3, rapamycin and others. The quality of TolDCs induced by different approaches is becoming a vital issue and recent evidence suggests substantial heterogeneity between variously-generated TolDCs as evidenced by their transcriptomic profile and function. The possibility of various "flavors" of TolDCs encourages future research in discovery of Tol-DC inducing agents to enrich various ways of DC manipulation. This would enable a broader range of tools to manipulate DC toward specific characteristics desirable in different disease settings. In recent years, several novel small molecules have been identified with the capacity to promote DC tolerogenic characteristics. In this review, we will present and discuss these novel findings and also highlight novel understandings of tolerogenic mechanisms by which DC tolerogenicity is induced by already established agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Švajger
- Blood Transfusion Center of Slovenia, Šlajmerjeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Primož J Rožman
- Blood Transfusion Center of Slovenia, Šlajmerjeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Kim SH, Jung HH, Lee CK. Generation, Characteristics and Clinical Trials of Ex Vivo Generated Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:807-815. [PMID: 30091313 PMCID: PMC6082979 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.7.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role not only in the initiation of primary immune responses, but also in the development and maintenance of immune tolerance. Numerous protocols have been developed to generate tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) ex vivo, and the therapeutic efficacy of ex vivo-generated tolDCs has been demonstrated in autoimmune disease animal models. Based on successes in small animal models, several clinical trials have been completed or are on-going in patients with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and Crohn's disease. Here we describe the methods used to generate tolDCs ex vivo, and the common features shared by tolDCs. In addition, we overview five completed clinical trials with reported outcomes and summarize the tolDC-based clinical trials that are currently registered with the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Although the number of tolDC-based clinical trials is much smaller than the hundreds of clinical trials using immunogenic DCs, tolDC-based treatment of autoimmune diseases is becoming a reality, and could serve as an innovative cellular therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ho Hyun Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Chong Kil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.
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14
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Lee JH, Park CS, Jang S, Kim JW, Kim SH, Song S, Kim K, Lee CK. Tolerogenic dendritic cells are efficiently generated using minocycline and dexamethasone. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15087. [PMID: 29118423 PMCID: PMC5678112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) represent a promising tool for cellular therapy against autoimmune diseases, allergies, and transplantation rejection. Numerous pharmacological agents are known to induce tDC generation. Minocycline, which has long been used as a broad-spectrum antibiotic, was recently shown to significantly increase the generation of DCs with regulatory properties. Here, we examined the effect of the combination of minocycline with dexamethasone, rapamycin, vitamin D3, and interleukin (IL)-10, which are all known inducers of tDC generation. The highest number of tDCs was generated when minocycline and dexamethasone were used together with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-SCF) and IL-4. The tolerogenicity of the minocycline/dexamethasone-conditioned tDCs was much better than or at least equal to those of the tDCs generated with either one of these agents, as assessed through in vitro phenotypic and functional assays. In addition, pretreatment with MOG35-55 peptide-pulsed minocycline/dexamethasone-conditioned tDCs significantly ameliorated the clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalitis induced by MOG peptide injection in a murine model. These results confirmed that tDCs with potent tolerogenic properties could be efficiently generated by the combined use of minocycline and dexamethasone, along with GM-CSF and IL-4. Our results would help in the development of ex vivo tDC-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Chan-Su Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Sundong Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Ji-Wan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Sukgil Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Kyungjae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul, 01795, South Korea
| | - Chong-Kil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.
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