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El Habre R, Aoun R, Tahtouh R, Hilal G. All-trans-retinoic acid modulates glycolysis via H19 and telomerase: the role of mir-let-7a in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:615. [PMID: 38773429 PMCID: PMC11106948 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. Treatment approaches that differ between estrogen-positive (ER+) and triple-negative BC cells (TNBCs) and may subsequently affect cancer biomarkers, such as H19 and telomerase, are an emanating delight in BC research. For instance, all-trans-Retinoic acid (ATRA) could represent a potent regulator of these oncogenes, regulating microRNAs, mostly let-7a microRNA (miR-let-7a), which targets the glycolysis pathway, mainly pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) enzymes. Here, we investigated the potential role of ATRA in H19, telomerase, miR-let-7a, and glycolytic enzymes modulation in ER + and TNBC cells. METHODS MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with 5 µM ATRA and/or 100 nM fulvestrant. Then, ATRA-treated or control MCF-7 cells were transfected with either H19 or hTERT siRNA. Afterward, ATRA-treated or untreated MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with estrogen receptor alpha ER(α) or beta ER(β) expression plasmids. RNA expression was evaluated by RT‒qPCR, and proteins were assessed by Western blot. PKM2 activity was measured using an NADH/LDH coupled enzymatic assay, and telomerase activity was evaluated with a quantitative telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay. Student's t-test or one-way ANOVA was used to analyze data from replicates. RESULTS Our results showed that MCF-7 cells were more responsive to ATRA than MDA-MB-231 cells. In MCF-7 cells, ATRA and/or fulvestrant decreased ER(α), H19, telomerase, PKM2, and LDHA, whereas ER(β) and miR-let-7a increased. H19 or hTERT knockdown with or without ATRA treatment showed similar results to those obtained after ATRA treatment, and a potential interconnection between H19 and hTERT was found. However, in MDA-MB-231 cells, RNA expression of the aforementioned genes was modulated after ATRA and/or fulvestrant, with no significant effect on protein and activity levels. Overexpression of ER(α) or ER(β) in MDA-MB-231 cells induced telomerase activity, PKM2 and LDHA expression, in which ATRA treatment combined with plasmid transfection decreased glycolytic enzyme expression. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to elucidate a new potential interaction between the estrogen receptor and glycolytic enzymes in ER + BC cells through miR-let-7a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita El Habre
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rita Aoun
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roula Tahtouh
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - George Hilal
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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2
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Lozon L, Ramadan WS, Kawaf RR, Al-Shihabi AM, El-Awady R. Decoding cell death signalling: Impact on the response of breast cancer cells to approved therapies. Life Sci 2024; 342:122525. [PMID: 38423171 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a principal cause of cancer-related mortality in female worldwide. While many approved therapies have shown promising outcomes in treating breast cancer, understanding the intricate signalling pathways controlling cell death is crucial for optimizing the treatment outcome. A growing body of evidence has unveiled the aberrations in multiple cell death pathways across diverse cancer types, highlighting these pathways as appealing targets for therapeutic interventions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on the cell death signalling mechanisms with a particular focus on their impact on the response of breast cancer cells to approved therapies. Additionally, we discuss the potentials of combination therapies that exploit the synergy between approved drugs and therapeutic agents targeting modulators of cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Lozon
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Wafaa S Ramadan
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Rawan R Kawaf
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Aya M Al-Shihabi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Raafat El-Awady
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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3
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Zhou M, Ma Y, Chiang CC, Rock EC, Butler SC, Anne R, Yatsenko S, Gong Y, Chen YC. Single-cell morphological and transcriptome analysis unveil inhibitors of polyploid giant breast cancer cells in vitro. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1301. [PMID: 38129519 PMCID: PMC10739852 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence suggests that breast cancer therapeutic resistance and relapse can be driven by polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs). The number of PGCCs increases with the stages of disease and therapeutic stress. Given the importance of PGCCs, it remains challenging to eradicate them. To discover effective anti-PGCC compounds, there is an unmet need to rapidly distinguish compounds that kill non-PGCCs, PGCCs, or both. Here, we establish a single-cell morphological analysis pipeline with a high throughput and great precision to characterize dynamics of individual cells. In this manner, we screen a library to identify promising compounds that inhibit all cancer cells or only PGCCs (e.g., regulators of HDAC, proteasome, and ferroptosis). Additionally, we perform scRNA-Seq to reveal altered cell cycle, metabolism, and ferroptosis sensitivity in breast PGCCs. The combination of single-cell morphological and molecular investigation reveals promising anti-PGCC strategies for breast cancer treatment and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Zhou
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 3420 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yushu Ma
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 3420 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Chun-Cheng Chiang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 3420 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Edwin C Rock
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Samuel Charles Butler
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Rajiv Anne
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Svetlana Yatsenko
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Magee Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yinan Gong
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Yu-Chih Chen
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA.
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 3420 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
- CMU-Pitt Ph.D. Program in Computational Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 3420 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
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Kajihara N, Ge Y, Seino KI. Blocking of oestrogen signals improves anti-tumour effect regardless of oestrogen receptor alpha expression in cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:935-946. [PMID: 37537255 PMCID: PMC10491758 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-oestrogenic therapy has been used for breast cancer patients with oestrogen susceptibility cancer cells. However, little has been known about its potential role for immune cell biology within TME, particularly in cancer patients without oestrogen sensitivity of tumour cells. Therefore, we aimed to study the effect of oestrogen on immunity within TME. METHODS Using a clinical dataset, immune cells of humans and mice, female mice with and without ovaries, and several murine ERα-negative cancer cell lines, we evaluated the effect of oestrogen on immunity in TME. RESULTS Clinical data analysis suggested oestrogen's suppressive efficacy against CTLs. Additionally, in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed intra-tumoural CTLs' direct repressive action by oestrogen in both mice and humans; blockade of oestrogen signals cancelled its immunosuppression resulting in tumour growth reduction in vivo. Most notably, immunotherapy (immune checkpoint inhibitor; ICI) combined with anti-oestrogenic therapy exhibited a dramatic anti-tumour effect. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel insights into how oestrogen contributes to tumour progression and a therapeutic rationale for blocking oestrogen signalling to boost the anti-tumour effect of ICI, regardless of tumour cells' ERα expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Kajihara
- Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Yunqi Ge
- Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Seino
- Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan.
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Takano EA, Younes MM, Meehan K, Spalding L, Yan M, Allan P, Fox SB, Redfern A, Clouston D, Giles GG, Christie EL, Anderson RL, Zethoven M, Phillips KA, Gorringe K, Britt KL. Estrogen receptor beta expression in triple negative breast cancers is not associated with recurrence or survival. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:459. [PMID: 37208678 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple negative BCa (TNBC) is defined by a lack of expression of estrogen (ERα), progesterone (PgR) receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) as assessed by protein expression and/or gene amplification. It makes up ~ 15% of all BCa and often has a poor prognosis. TNBC is not treated with endocrine therapies as ERα and PR negative tumors in general do not show benefit. However, a small fraction of the true TNBC tumors do show tamoxifen sensitivity, with those expressing the most common isoform of ERβ1 having the most benefit. Recently, the antibodies commonly used to assess ERβ1 in TNBC have been found to lack specificity, which calls into question available data regarding the proportion of TNBC that express ERβ1 and any relationship to clinical outcome. METHODS To confirm the true frequency of ERβ1 in TNBC we performed robust ERβ1 immunohistochemistry using the specific antibody CWK-F12 ERβ1 on 156 primary TNBC cancers from patients with a median of 78 months (range 0.2-155 months) follow up. RESULTS We found that high expression of ERβ1 was not associated with increased recurrence or survival when assessed as percentage of ERβ1 positive tumor cells or as Allred > 5. In contrast, the non-specific PPG5-10 antibody did show an association with recurrence and survival. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that ERβ1 expression in TNBC tumours does not associate with prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Takano
- Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Melissa M Younes
- Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Research Division 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Katie Meehan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- The University of Western Australia (M504), 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Lisa Spalding
- The University of Western Australia (M504), 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Max Yan
- South Eastern Area Laboratory Services, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Prue Allan
- Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Andy Redfern
- The University of Western Australia (M504), 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - David Clouston
- TissuPath, 32 Ricketts Rd, Mount Waverley, VIC, 3149, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- 7a Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3012, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L Christie
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Robin L Anderson
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Magnus Zethoven
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Peter Mac, Bioinformatics Core Facility, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly-Anne Phillips
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie Gorringe
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Precision Cancer Medicine Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kara L Britt
- Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Research Division 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Patel JR, Banjara B, Ohemeng A, Davidson AM, Boué SM, Burow ME, Tilghman SL. Novel Therapeutic Combination Targets the Growth of Letrozole-Resistant Breast Cancer through Decreased Cyclin B1. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071632. [PMID: 37049472 PMCID: PMC10097176 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As breast cancer cells transition from letrozole-sensitive to letrozole-resistant, they over-express epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) while acquiring enhanced motility and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like characteristics that are attenuated and reversed by glyceollin treatment, respectively. Interestingly, glyceollin inhibits the proliferation and tumor progression of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and estrogen-independent breast cancer cells; however, it is unlikely that a single phytochemical would effectively target aromatase-inhibitor (AI)-resistant metastatic breast cancer in the clinical setting. Since our previous report indicated that the combination of lapatinib and glyceollin induced apoptosis in hormone-dependent AI-resistant breast cancer cells, we hypothesized that combination therapy would also be beneficial for hormone independent letrozole-resistant breast cancer cells (LTLT-Ca) compared to AI-sensitive breast cancer cells (AC-1) by decreasing the expression of proteins associated with proliferation and cell cycle progression. While glyceollin + lapatinib treatment caused comparable inhibitory effects on the proliferation and migration in both cell lines, combination treatment selectively induced S and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest of the LTLT-Ca cells, which was mediated by decreased cyclin B1. This phenomenon may represent a unique opportunity to design novel combinatorial therapeutic approaches to target hormone-refractory breast tumors.
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Olayoku FR, Verhoog NJD, Louw A. Cyclopia extracts act as selective estrogen receptor subtype downregulators in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cell lines: Comparison to standard of care breast cancer endocrine therapies and a selective estrogen receptor agonist and antagonist. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1122031. [PMID: 36992834 PMCID: PMC10040842 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1122031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed type of cancer amongst women in economically developing countries and globally. Most breast cancers express estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and are categorized as positive (ER+) breast cancer. Endocrine therapies such as, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), aromatase inhibitors (AIs), and selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs) are used to treat ER+ breast cancer. However, despite their effectiveness, severe side-effects and resistance are associated with these endocrine therapies. Thus, it would be highly beneficial to develop breast cancer drugs that are as effective as current therapies, but less toxic with fewer side effects, and less likely to induce resistance. Extracts of Cyclopia species, an indigenous South African fynbos plant, have been shown to possess phenolic compounds that exhibit phytoestrogenic and chemopreventive activities against breast cancer development and progression. In the current study, three well characterized Cyclopia extracts, SM6Met, cup of tea (CoT) and P104, were examined for their abilities to modulate the levels of the estrogen receptor subtypes, estrogen receptor alpha and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), which have been recognized as crucial to breast cancer prognosis and treatment. We showed that the Cyclopia subternata Vogel (C. subternata Vogel) extracts, SM6Met and cup of tea, but not the C. genistoides extract, P104, reduced estrogen receptor alpha protein levels while elevating estrogen receptor beta protein levels, thereby reducing the ERα:ERβ ratio in a similar manner as standard of care breast cancer endocrine therapies such as fulvestrant (selective estrogen receptor downregulator) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (elective estrogen receptor modulator). Estrogen receptor alpha expression enhances the proliferation of breast cancer cells while estrogen receptor beta inhibits the proliferative activities of estrogen receptor alpha. We also showed that in terms of the molecular mechanisms involved all the Cyclopia extracts regulated estrogen receptor alpha and estrogen receptor beta protein levels through both transcriptional and translational, and proteasomal degradation mechanisms. Therefore, from our findings, we proffer that the C. subternata Vogel extracts, SM6Met and cup of tea, but not the C. genistoides extract, P104, selectively modulate estrogen receptor subtypes levels in a manner that generally supports inhibition of breast cancer proliferation, thereby demonstrating attributes that could be explored as potential therapeutic agents for breast cancer.
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Anticancer or carcinogenic? The role of estrogen receptor β in breast cancer progression. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 242:108350. [PMID: 36690079 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is closely related to breast cancer (BC) progression. Traditional concepts regard ERβ as a tumor suppressor. As studies show the carcinogenic effect of ERβ, some people have come to a new conclusion that ERβ serves as a tumor suppressor in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer, while it is a carcinogen in ERα-negative breast cancer. However, we re-examine the role of ERβ and find this conclusion to be misleading based on the last decade's research. A large number of studies have shown that ERβ plays an anticancer role in both ERα-positive and ERα-negative breast cancers, and its carcinogenicity does not depend solely on the presence of ERα. Herein, we review the anticancer and oncogenic effects of ERβ on breast cancer progression in the past ten years, discuss the mechanism respectively, analyze the main reasons for the inconsistency and update ERβ selective ligand library. We believe a detailed and continuously updated review will help correct the one-sided understanding of ERβ, promoting ERβ-targeted breast cancer therapy.
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Dey P, Wang A, Ziegler Y, Kumar S, Yan S, Kim SH, Katzenellenbogen JA, Katzenellenbogen BS. Estrogen Receptor Beta 1: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Female Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6762323. [PMID: 36251879 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor alpha, progesterone receptor, and HER2. These receptors often serve as targets in breast cancer treatment. As a result, TNBCs are difficult to treat and have a high propensity to metastasize to distant organs. For these reasons, TNBCs are responsible for over 50% of all breast cancer mortalities while only accounting for 15% to 20% of breast cancer cases. However, estrogen receptor beta 1 (ERβ1), an isoform of the ESR2 gene, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of TNBCs. Using an in vivo xenograft preclinical mouse model with human TNBC, we found that expression of ERβ1 significantly reduced both primary tumor growth and metastasis. Moreover, TNBCs with elevated levels of ERβ1 showed reduction in epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers and breast cancer stem cell markers, and increases in the expression of genes associated with inhibition of cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis, suggesting possible mechanisms underlying the antitumor activity of ERβ1. Gene expression analysis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and RNA-seq revealed that treatment with chloroindazole, an ERβ-selective agonist ligand, often enhanced the suppressive activity of ERβ1 in TNBCs in vivo or in TNBC cells in culture, suggesting the potential utility of ERβ1 and ERβ ligand in improving TNBC treatment. The findings enable understanding of the mechanisms by which ERβ1 impedes TNBC growth, invasiveness, and metastasis and consideration of ways by which treatments involving ERβ might improve TNBC patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parama Dey
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Alexander Wang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yvonne Ziegler
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shunchao Yan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - John A Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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10
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Lewińska A, Wróbel K, Błoniarz D, Adamczyk-Grochala J, Wołowiec S, Wnuk M. Lapatinib- and fulvestrant-PAMAM dendrimer conjugates promote apoptosis in chemotherapy-induced senescent breast cancer cells with different receptor status. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 140:213047. [PMID: 35917687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lapatinib (L) and fulvestrant (F) are used in targeted anticancer therapies, in particular, against phenotypically different breast cancer cells. L, a dual inhibitor of EGFR and HER2 tyrosine kinases, is active against HER2-positive breast cancer cells, while F, a selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), is active against ER-positive breast cancer cells. However, the action of L and F can be limited due to their relatively low water solubility and bioavailability. In the present study, poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer G3 was functionalized with L or F or L and F to compare their effects with free L or F against breast cancer cells with different receptor status (ER-positive MCF-7, triple negative MDA-MB-231 and HER2-positive SK-BR-3 cells). L-PAMAM and F-PAMAM conjugates potentiated cytostatic and cytotoxic action of L and F that was accompanied by elevated levels of autophagy. TRDMT1, RNA methyltransferase, was also involved in this response as judged by TRDMT1 nuclear translocation and nano-drug resistance of TRDMT1 gene knockout cells. Nano-drugs also promoted elimination of doxorubicin-induced senescent breast cancer cells by apoptosis-mediated senolysis regardless of receptor status. In conclusion, we propose a novel anticancer approach based on L-PAMAM and F-PAMAM nanoplatforms being effective, at least, against breast cancer cells with different phenotypic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lewińska
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Nature Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Konrad Wróbel
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Dominika Błoniarz
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Nature Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jagoda Adamczyk-Grochala
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Nature Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Stanisław Wołowiec
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Nature Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland.
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11
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Li K, Zong D, Sun J, Chen D, Ma M, Jia L. Rewiring of the Endocrine Network in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:830894. [PMID: 35847875 PMCID: PMC9280148 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.830894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunohistochemical definition of estrogen/progesterone receptors dictates endocrine feasibility in the treatment course of breast cancer. Characterized by the deficiency of estrogen receptor α, ERα-negative breast cancers are dissociated from any endocrine regimens in the routine clinical setting, triple-negative breast cancer in particular. However, the stereotype was challenged by triple-negative breast cancers’ retained sensitivity and vulnerability to endocrine agents. The interplay of hormone action and the carcinogenic signaling program previously underscored was gradually recognized along with the increasing investigation. In parallel, the overlooked endocrine-responsiveness in ERα-negative breast cancers attracted attention and supplied fresh insight into the therapeutic strategy in an ERα-independent manner. This review elaborates on the genomic and non-genomic steroid hormone actions and endocrine-related signals in triple-negative breast cancers attached to the hormone insensitivity label. We also shed light on the non-canonical mechanism detected in common hormone agents to showcase their pleiotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese medicine, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jianrong Sun
- School of Clinical Medicine. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Danxiang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Minkai Ma
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Oncology, The Fourth Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Liqun Jia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liqun Jia,
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12
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Manna PR, Ahmed AU, Molehin D, Narasimhan M, Pruitt K, Reddy PH. Hormonal and Genetic Regulatory Events in Breast Cancer and Its Therapeutics: Importance of the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061313. [PMID: 35740335 PMCID: PMC9220045 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen promotes the development and survival of the majority of breast cancers (BCs). Aromatase is the rate-limiting enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis, and it is immensely expressed in both cancerous and non-cancerous breast tissues. Endocrine therapy based on estrogen blockade, by aromatase inhibitors, has been the mainstay of BC treatment in post-menopausal women; however, resistance to hormone therapy is the leading cause of cancer death. An improved understanding of the molecular underpinnings is the key to develop therapeutic strategies for countering the most prevalent hormone receptor positive BCs. Of note, cholesterol is the precursor of all steroid hormones that are synthesized in a variety of tissues and play crucial roles in diverse processes, ranging from organogenesis to homeostasis to carcinogenesis. The rate-limiting step in steroid biosynthesis is the transport of cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane, a process that is primarily mediated by the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein. Advances in genomic and proteomic technologies have revealed a dynamic link between histone deacetylases (HDACs) and StAR, aromatase, and estrogen regulation. We were the first to report that StAR is abundantly expressed, along with large amounts of 17β-estradiol (E2), in hormone-dependent, but not hormone-independent, BCs, in which StAR was also identified as a novel acetylated protein. Our in-silico analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, for StAR and steroidogenic enzyme genes, revealed an inverse correlation between the amplification of the StAR gene and the poor survival of BC patients. Additionally, we reported that a number of HDAC inhibitors, by altering StAR acetylation patterns, repress E2 synthesis in hormone-sensitive BC cells. This review highlights the current understanding of molecular pathogenesis of BCs, especially for luminal subtypes, and their therapeutics, underlining that StAR could serve not only as a prognostic marker, but also as a therapeutic candidate, in the prevention and treatment of this life-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak R. Manna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-806-743-3573; Fax: +1-806-743-3143
| | - Ahsen U. Ahmed
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Deborah Molehin
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (D.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Madhusudhanan Narasimhan
- Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Kevin Pruitt
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (D.M.); (K.P.)
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
- Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
- Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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13
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Shanta K, Nakayama K, Hossain MM, Razia S, Ishibashi T, Ishikawa M, Yamashita H, Kanno K, Sato S, Nakayama S, Otsuki Y, Kyo S. Promising Therapeutic Impact of a Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulator, Fulvestrant, as Demonstrated In Vitro upon Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Lines. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:4020-4033. [PMID: 35735430 PMCID: PMC9221871 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29060321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have reported hormonal agent use in the treatment of low-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (LGSOCs), which are chemoresistant. Considering the need for novel effective therapies, we investigated the hormone receptor expression and hormonal inhibition efficacy in LGSOCs. Using immunohistochemistry, we assessed the estrogen receptor (ER) expression status in 33 cases of histologically confirmed serous ovarian tumors, including 10, 11, and 12 cases of LGSOCs, serous borderline tumors (SBTs), and serous cystadenomas (SCAs), respectively. The genetic background reported in our previous study was used in the current study. MPSC1 cells, which were established from LGSOCs, were used in cell proliferation assays. We observed a higher ER expression in LGSOCs and SBTs than in SCAs (70%, 81%, and 50%, respectively). Thus, LGSOCs and SBTs exhibit higher ER expression than SCAs. Moreover, the PIK3CA mutation positively correlated with ER expression in LGSOCs (p = 0.0113). MPSC1 cells showed low ER expression on Western blotting. MPSC1 cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by fulvestrant (a selective ER downregulator). The activation of ER and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways may play an important role in LGSOC carcinogenesis. ER downregulation with fulvestrant or combination therapy with PI3K inhibitors is a possible novel treatment for patients with LGSOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamrunnahar Shanta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (K.S.); (M.M.H.); (S.R.); (T.I.); (M.I.); (H.Y.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Kentaro Nakayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (K.S.); (M.M.H.); (S.R.); (T.I.); (M.I.); (H.Y.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-853-20-2268
| | - Mohammad Mahmud Hossain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (K.S.); (M.M.H.); (S.R.); (T.I.); (M.I.); (H.Y.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Sultana Razia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (K.S.); (M.M.H.); (S.R.); (T.I.); (M.I.); (H.Y.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Tomoka Ishibashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (K.S.); (M.M.H.); (S.R.); (T.I.); (M.I.); (H.Y.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Masako Ishikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (K.S.); (M.M.H.); (S.R.); (T.I.); (M.I.); (H.Y.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Hitomi Yamashita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (K.S.); (M.M.H.); (S.R.); (T.I.); (M.I.); (H.Y.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Kosuke Kanno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (K.S.); (M.M.H.); (S.R.); (T.I.); (M.I.); (H.Y.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Seiya Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (K.S.); (M.M.H.); (S.R.); (T.I.); (M.I.); (H.Y.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Satoru Nakayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seirei Hamamatsu Hospital, Hamamatsu 430-8558, Japan;
| | - Yoshiro Otsuki
- Department of Organ Pathology, Seirei Hamamatsu Hospital, Hamamatsu 430-8558, Japan;
| | - Satoru Kyo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (K.S.); (M.M.H.); (S.R.); (T.I.); (M.I.); (H.Y.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (S.K.)
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14
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Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits breast cancer cell growth via ERβ-TNFα pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:647-656. [PMID: 35593465 PMCID: PMC9828196 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rh2 is one of rare panaxidiols extracted from Panax ginseng and a potential estrogen receptor ligand that exhibits moderate estrogenic activity. However, the effect of Rh2 on growth inhibition and its underlying molecular mechanism in human breast cells are not fully understood. In this study, we tested cell viability by MTT and colony formation assays. Cell growth and cell cycle were determined to investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rh2 by flow cytometry. The expressions of estrogen receptors (ERs), TNFα, and apoptosis-related proteins were detected by qPCR and western blot analysis. The mechanisms of ERα and ERβ action were determined using transfection and inhibitors. Antitumor effect of ginsenoside Rh2 against MCF-7 cells was investigated in xenograft mice. Our results showed that ginsenoside Rh2 induced apoptosis and G1/S phase arrest in MCF-7 cells. Treatment of cells with ginsenoside Rh2 down-regulated protein levels of ERα, and up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of ERβ and TNFα. We also found that ginsenoside Rh2-induced TNFα over-expression is through up-regulation of ERβ initiated by ginsenoside Rh2. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rh2 induced MCF-7 cell apoptosis via estrogen receptor β-TNFα pathway in vivo. These results demonstrate that ginsenoside Rh2 promotes TNFα-induced apoptosis and G1/S phase arrest via regulation of ERβ.
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15
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Datta J, Willingham N, Manouchehri JM, Schnell P, Sheth M, David JJ, Kassem M, Wilson TA, Radomska HS, Coss CC, Bennett CE, Ganju RK, Sardesai SD, Lustberg M, Ramaswamy B, Stover DG, Cherian MA. Activity of Estrogen Receptor β Agonists in Therapy-Resistant Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:857590. [PMID: 35574319 PMCID: PMC9097292 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.857590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among women, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Estrogen receptor α-positive (ERα+) breast cancer accounts for 70% of all breast cancer subtypes. Although ERα+ breast cancer initially responds to estrogen deprivation or blockade, the emergence of resistance compels the use of more aggressive therapies. While ERα is a driver in ERα+ breast cancer, ERβ plays an inhibitory role in several different cancer types. To date, the lack of highly selective ERβ agonists without ERα activity has limited the exploration of ERβ activation as a strategy for ERα+ breast cancer. Methods We measured the expression levels of ESR1 and ESR2 genes in immortalized mammary epithelial cells and different breast cancer cell lines. The viability of ERα+ breast cancer cell lines upon treatments with specific ERβ agonists, including OSU-ERb-12 and LY500307, was assessed. The specificity of the ERβ agonists, OSU-ERb-12 and LY500307, was confirmed by reporter assays. The effects of ERβ agonists on cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, colony formation, cell migration, and expression of tumor suppressor proteins were analyzed. The expression of ESR2 and genes containing ERE-AP1 composite response elements was examined in ERα+ human breast cancer samples to determine the correlation between ESR2 expression and overall survival and that of putative ESR2-regulated genes. Results In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of highly selective ERβ agonists in ERα+ breast cancer cell lines and drug-resistant derivatives. ERβ agonists blocked cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation and induced apoptosis and S and/or G2/M cell-cycle arrest of ERα+ breast cancer cell lines. Also, increases in the expression of the key tumor suppressors FOXO1 and FOXO3a were noted. Importantly, the strong synergy between ERβ agonists and ERα antagonists suggested that the efficacy of ERβ agonists is maximized by combination with ERα blockade. Lastly, ESR2 (ERβ gene) expression was negatively correlated with ESR1 (ERα gene) and CCND1 RNA expression in human metastatic ERα+/HER2- breast cancer samples. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that highly selective ERβ agonists attenuate the viability of ERα+ breast cancer cell lines in vitro and suggest that this therapeutic strategy merits further evaluation for ERα+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jharna Datta
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Natalie Willingham
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jasmine M. Manouchehri
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Patrick Schnell
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mirisha Sheth
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joel J. David
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mahmoud Kassem
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Tyler A. Wilson
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hanna S. Radomska
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christopher C. Coss
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Drug Development Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Chad E. Bennett
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Drug Development Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ramesh K. Ganju
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sagar D. Sardesai
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Maryam Lustberg
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Daniel G. Stover
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mathew A. Cherian
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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16
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Chimento A, De Luca A, Avena P, De Amicis F, Casaburi I, Sirianni R, Pezzi V. Estrogen Receptors-Mediated Apoptosis in Hormone-Dependent Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1242. [PMID: 35163166 PMCID: PMC8835409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that estrogen stimulates growth and inhibits apoptosis through estrogen receptor(ER)-mediated mechanisms in many cancer cell types. Interestingly, there is strong evidence that estrogens can also induce apoptosis, activating different ER isoforms in cancer cells. It has been observed that E2/ERα complex activates multiple pathways involved in both cell cycle progression and apoptotic cascade prevention, while E2/ERβ complex in many cases directs the cells to apoptosis. However, the exact mechanism of estrogen-induced tumor regression is not completely known. Nevertheless, ERs expression levels of specific splice variants and their cellular localization differentially affect outcome of estrogen-dependent tumors. The goal of this review is to provide a general overview of current knowledge on ERs-mediated apoptosis that occurs in main hormone dependent-cancers. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of ER-mediated cell death will be useful for the development of specific ligands capable of triggering apoptosis to counteract estrogen-dependent tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Arianna De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Paola Avena
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Ivan Casaburi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
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17
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Boudreau MW, Duraki D, Wang L, Mao C, Kim JE, Henn MA, Tang B, Fanning SW, Kiefer J, Tarasow TM, Bruckheimer EM, Moreno R, Mousses S, Greene GL, Roy EJ, Park BH, Fan TM, Nelson ER, Hergenrother PJ, Shapiro DJ. A small-molecule activator of the unfolded protein response eradicates human breast tumors in mice. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/603/eabf1383. [PMID: 34290053 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abf1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer is presently incurable. Seeking to target these drug-resistant cancers, we report the discovery of a compound, called ErSO, that activates the anticipatory unfolded protein response (a-UPR) and induces rapid and selective necrosis of ERα-positive breast cancer cell lines in vitro. We then tested ErSO in vivo in several preclinical orthotopic and metastasis mouse models carrying different xenografts of human breast cancer lines or patient-derived breast tumors. In multiple orthotopic models, ErSO treatment given either orally or intraperitoneally for 14 to 21 days induced tumor regression without recurrence. In a cell line tail vein metastasis model, ErSO was also effective at inducing regression of most lung, bone, and liver metastases. ErSO treatment induced almost complete regression of brain metastases in mice carrying intracranial human breast cancer cell line xenografts. Tumors that did not undergo complete regression and regrew remained sensitive to retreatment with ErSO. ErSO was well tolerated in mice, rats, and dogs at doses above those needed for therapeutic responses and had little or no effect on normal ERα-expressing murine tissues. ErSO mediated its anticancer effects through activation of the a-UPR, suggesting that activation of a tumor protective pathway could induce tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Darjan Duraki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lawrence Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Chengjian Mao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Madeline A Henn
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Bingtao Tang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sean W Fanning
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Geoffrey L Greene
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Edward J Roy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ben Ho Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Heme/Onc, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Timothy M Fan
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Erik R Nelson
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Paul J Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. .,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - David J Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. .,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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18
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Jiang D, Xu J, Liu S, Nasser MI, Wei W, Mao T, Liu X, Zou X, Li J, Li X. Rosmanol induces breast cancer cells apoptosis by regulating PI3K/AKT and STAT3/JAK2 signaling pathways. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:631. [PMID: 34267823 PMCID: PMC8258625 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers amongst women; however, there is currently no effective treatment. Natural compounds are considered to contribute to cancer prevention and have a pivotal role in modulating apoptosis. Rosmanol is a phenolic diterpene compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, the effects of Rosmanol on breast cancer cell proliferation/apoptosis were investigated, and it was demonstrated that it inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 cells but did not have a significant effect on normal human breast MCF-10A cells. In addition, the apoptotic process was accelerated by Rosmanol, through mitochondrial pathways and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production caused by DNA damage, which function further demonstrated by the attenuation and addition of the ROS inhibitor, N-acetyl-cysteine. It was also demonstrated that Rosmanol accelerated cell apoptosis, and arrested breast cancer cells in the S phase. Moreover, Rosmanol inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of cancer cells via the inhibition of ERK and STAT3 signals, attributable to the increase in p-p38, the overexpression of protein inhibitor of activated STAT3, and the decrease in PI3K/AKT, ERK and JAK2/STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjun Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Sitong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Moussa Ide Nasser
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Tianjiao Mao
- Department of Stomatogy, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Xintong Liu
- Bioprobe Application Research Unit, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Division, RIkagaku KENkyusho/Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xiaopan Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Stomatogy, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
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19
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van Barele M, Heemskerk-Gerritsen BAM, Louwers YV, Vastbinder MB, Martens JWM, Hooning MJ, Jager A. Estrogens and Progestogens in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Do They Harm? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2506. [PMID: 34063736 PMCID: PMC8196589 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) occur more frequently in younger women and do not express estrogen receptor (ER) nor progesterone receptor (PR), and are therefore often considered hormone-insensitive. Treatment of premenopausal TNBC patients almost always includes chemotherapy, which may lead to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and can severely impact quality of life. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is contraindicated for patients with a history of hormone-sensitive breast cancer, but the data on safety for TNBC patients is inconclusive, with a few randomized trials showing increased risk-ratios with wide confidence intervals for recurrence after HRT. Here, we review the literature on alternative pathways from the classical ER/PR. We find that for both estrogens and progestogens, potential alternatives exist for exerting their effects on TNBC, ranging from receptor conversion, to alternative receptors capable of binding estrogens, as well as paracrine pathways, such as RANK/RANKL, which can cause progestogens to indirectly stimulate growth and metastasis of TNBC. Finally, HRT may also influence other hormones, such as androgens, and their effects on TNBCs expressing androgen receptors (AR). Concluding, the assumption that TNBC is completely hormone-insensitive is incorrect. However, the direction of the effects of the alternative pathways is not always clear, and will need to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark van Barele
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.v.B.); (B.A.M.H.-G.); (J.W.M.M.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Bernadette A. M. Heemskerk-Gerritsen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.v.B.); (B.A.M.H.-G.); (J.W.M.M.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Yvonne V. Louwers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Mijntje B. Vastbinder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ijsselland Hospital, Prins Constantijnweg 2, 2906 ZC Capelle aan den IJssel, The Netherlands;
| | - John W. M. Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.v.B.); (B.A.M.H.-G.); (J.W.M.M.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Maartje J. Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.v.B.); (B.A.M.H.-G.); (J.W.M.M.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.v.B.); (B.A.M.H.-G.); (J.W.M.M.); (M.J.H.)
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20
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Treeck O, Schüler-Toprak S, Ortmann O. Estrogen Actions in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112358. [PMID: 33114740 PMCID: PMC7692567 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks estrogen receptor (ER) α, but the expression of estrogen receptors ERβ and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER-1) is able to trigger estrogen-responsivity in TNBC. Estrogen signaling in TNBC can also be activated and modulated by the constitutively active estrogen-related receptors (ERRs). In this review article, we discuss the role of ERβ and GPER-1 as mediators of E2 action in TNBC as well as the function of ERRs as activators and modulators of estrogen signaling in this cancer entity. For this purpose, original research articles on estrogen actions in TNBC were considered, which are listed in the PubMed database. Additionally, we performed meta-analyses of publicly accessible integrated gene expression and survival data to elucidate the association of ERβ, GPER-1, and ERR expression levels in TNBC with survival. Finally, options for endocrine therapy strategies for TNBC were discussed.
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21
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Hatono M, Ikeda H, Suzuki Y, Kajiwara Y, Kawada K, Tsukioki T, Kochi M, Suzawa K, Iwamoto T, Yamamoto H, Shien T, Yamane M, Taira N, Doihara H, Toyooka S. Effect of isoflavones on breast cancer cell development and their impact on breast cancer treatments. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 185:307-316. [PMID: 33034801 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05957-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiological studies have suggested that intake of soy isoflavones is associated with a reduced risk of development of breast cancer and an improved prognosis in patients with breast cancer. In addition, basic research has demonstrated the antitumor effects of these compounds on breast cancer cell lines. However, the detailed effects of the intake of equol, which is one of the metabolites of the soy isoflavones, are yet to be clarified on the risk of development and recurrence of breast cancer and its interactions with drugs used for treating breast cancer. This study aimed to determine the antitumor effects of equol and investigate the impact of adding equol to therapeutic agents for breast cancer using breast cancer cell lines. METHODS We examined the antitumor effect of equol on breast cancer cell lines using MTS assay. We also studied the combined effect of equol and the existing hormonal or chemotherapeutic agents using combination index. We evaluated the expressions of the related proteins by Western blot analysis and correlated the findings with the antitumor effect. RESULTS Equol showed bi-phasic protumor and antitumor effects; at a low concentration, it promoted the tumor growth in hormone receptor-positive cell lines, whereas antitumor effects were generally observed when an excessive amount of dose unexpected in the blood and the tissue was administered. When used with tamoxifen, equol might have some antagonistic effect, although it depends on equol concentration and the type of cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that equol has dual action, specifically a tumor growth-promoting effect and an antitumor effect. Although the results suggested that equol might exert an antagonistic effect against tamoxifen depending on the concentration, equol did not exert an antagonistic effect on other therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Hatono
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hirokuni Ikeda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Yoko Suzuki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kajiwara
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kengo Kawada
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsukioki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mariko Kochi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ken Suzawa
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takayuki Iwamoto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yamamoto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Shien
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masaomi Yamane
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Naruto Taira
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Doihara
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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22
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Caffa I, Spagnolo V, Vernieri C, Valdemarin F, Becherini P, Wei M, Brandhorst S, Zucal C, Driehuis E, Ferrando L, Piacente F, Tagliafico A, Cilli M, Mastracci L, Vellone VG, Piazza S, Cremonini AL, Gradaschi R, Mantero C, Passalacqua M, Ballestrero A, Zoppoli G, Cea M, Arrighi A, Odetti P, Monacelli F, Salvadori G, Cortellino S, Clevers H, De Braud F, Sukkar SG, Provenzani A, Longo VD, Nencioni A. Fasting-mimicking diet and hormone therapy induce breast cancer regression. Nature 2020; 583:620-624. [PMID: 32669709 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 75% of all breast cancers express the oestrogen and/or progesterone receptors. Endocrine therapy is usually effective in these hormone-receptor-positive tumours, but primary and acquired resistance limits its long-term benefit1,2. Here we show that in mouse models of hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer, periodic fasting or a fasting-mimicking diet3-5 enhances the activity of the endocrine therapeutics tamoxifen and fulvestrant by lowering circulating IGF1, insulin and leptin and by inhibiting AKT-mTOR signalling via upregulation of EGR1 and PTEN. When fulvestrant is combined with palbociclib (a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor), adding periodic cycles of a fasting-mimicking diet promotes long-lasting tumour regression and reverts acquired resistance to drug treatment. Moreover, both fasting and a fasting-mimicking diet prevent tamoxifen-induced endometrial hyperplasia. In patients with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer receiving oestrogen therapy, cycles of a fasting-mimicking diet cause metabolic changes analogous to those observed in mice, including reduced levels of insulin, leptin and IGF1, with the last two remaining low for extended periods. In mice, these long-lasting effects are associated with long-term anti-cancer activity. These results support further clinical studies of a fasting-mimicking diet as an adjuvant to oestrogen therapy in hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Caffa
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Spagnolo
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Vernieri
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.,Medical Oncology and Hematology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Valdemarin
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pamela Becherini
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Min Wei
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Brandhorst
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chiara Zucal
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Else Driehuis
- Oncode Institute and Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Ferrando
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacente
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Michele Cilli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Integrated Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valerio G Vellone
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Integrated Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Cremonini
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Mario Passalacqua
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Ballestrero
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Zoppoli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Cea
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Arrighi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizio Odetti
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Monacelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Salvadori
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute and Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Filippo De Braud
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Medical Oncology and Hematology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Provenzani
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Valter D Longo
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy. .,Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy. .,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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23
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Sellitto A, D’Agostino Y, Alexandrova E, Lamberti J, Pecoraro G, Memoli D, Rocco D, Coviello E, Giurato G, Nassa G, Tarallo R, Weisz A, Rizzo F. Insights into the Role of Estrogen Receptor β in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061477. [PMID: 32516978 PMCID: PMC7353068 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) are ligand-activated transcription factors that play different roles in gene regulation and show both overlapping and specific tissue distribution patterns. ERβ, contrary to the oncogenic ERα, has been shown to act as an oncosuppressor in several instances. However, while the tumor-promoting actions of ERα are well-known, the exact role of ERβ in carcinogenesis and tumor progression is not yet fully understood. Indeed, to date, highly variable and even opposite effects have been ascribed to ERβ in cancer, including for example both proliferative and growth-inhibitory actions. Recently ERβ has been proposed as a potential target for cancer therapy, since it is expressed in a variety of breast cancers (BCs), including triple-negative ones (TNBCs). Because of the dependence of TNBCs on active cellular signaling, numerous studies have attempted to unravel the mechanism(s) behind ERβ-regulated gene expression programs but the scenario has not been fully revealed. We comprehensively reviewed the current state of knowledge concerning ERβ role in TNBC biology, focusing on the different signaling pathways and cellular processes regulated by this transcription factor, as they could be useful in identifying new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Sellitto
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Ylenia D’Agostino
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Elena Alexandrova
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Jessica Lamberti
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Giovanni Pecoraro
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Domenico Memoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Domenico Rocco
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Elena Coviello
- Genomix4Life, via S. Allende 43/L, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy;
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Giovanni Nassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
- CRGS (Genome Research Center for Health), University of Salerno Campus of Medicine, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (F.R.); Tel.: (39+)-089-965043 (A.W.); Tel.: (39+)-089-965221 (F.R.)
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
- CRGS (Genome Research Center for Health), University of Salerno Campus of Medicine, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (F.R.); Tel.: (39+)-089-965043 (A.W.); Tel.: (39+)-089-965221 (F.R.)
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24
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Badve SS, Gökmen-Polar Y. TP53 Status and Estrogen Receptor-Beta in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Company Matters. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 111:1118-1119. [PMID: 30989234 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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25
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Wang G, Chen C, Pai P, Korangath P, Sun S, Merino VF, Yuan J, Li S, Nie G, Stearns V, Sukumar S. Intraductal fulvestrant for therapy of ERα-positive ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: a preclinical study. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:903-913. [PMID: 31046118 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammographic screening for breast cancer has led to increased detection of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and a reappraisal of the necessity of aggressive treatment with their attendant toxicities for a preneoplastic lesion. Fulvestrant, a selective estrogen receptor degrader, is very effective in the treatment of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer, but delivery by the painful intramuscular (i.m) route is limiting. We hypothesized that intraductal (i.duc) administration of fulvestrant will provide a direct, safe and effective treatment for DCIS. Mice bearing mammary ductal xenografts of ER+, luciferase-tagged MCF-7 breast cancer cells were administered vehicle or fulvestrant i.m or i.duc. I.duc MCF-7-luc tumors in mice treated with fulvestrant i.duc or i.m grew significantly slower than vehicle control. Whole mount analysis and histopathology showed that i.duc fulvestrant achieved significantly larger cancer-free areas. Western blot analysis showed reduced levels of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and its downstream targets, c-Myc and Cyclin D1, and increased levels of ERβ, which is known to inhibit ERα function. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor sections showed that Ki67 and ERα protein levels decreased by 3-fold, and neoangiogenesis was inhibited by i.duc fulvestrant treatment. I.duc fulvestrant also reduced outgrowth of ERα+, autochthonous N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary tumors in rats. Overall, we have shown that i.duc fulvestrant was significantly more effective than, or equivalent in action to i.m fulvestrant in two preclinical models of breast cancer. These studies provide evidence for a novel and safe route for fulvestrant therapy of DCIS and prevention of breast cancer. This preclinical study provides a strong basis for conducting clinical trials for DCIS and early breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Priya Pai
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Preethi Korangath
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Vanessa F Merino
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jingping Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Suping Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Vered Stearns
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saraswati Sukumar
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Cannabinoids and Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030525. [PMID: 32106399 PMCID: PMC7139952 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Approximately 70–80% of BCs express estrogen receptors (ER), which predict the response to endocrine therapy (ET), and are therefore hormone receptor-positive (HR+). Endogenous cannabinoids together with cannabinoid receptor 1 and 2 (CB1, CB2) constitute the basis of the endocannabinoid system. Interactions of cannabinoids with hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis hormones are well documented, and two studies found a positive correlation between peak plasma endogenous cannabinoid anandamide with peak plasma 17β-estradiol, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels at ovulation in healthy premenopausal women. Do cannabinoids have an effect on HR+ BC? In this paper we review known and possible interactions between cannabinoids and specific HR+ BC treatments. In preclinical studies, CB1 and CB2 agonists (i.e., anandamide, THC) have been shown to inhibit the proliferation of ER positive BC cell lines. There is less evidence for antitumor cannabinoid action in HR+ BC in animal models and there are no clinical trials exploring the effects of cannabinoids on HR+ BC treatment outcomes. Two studies have shown that tamoxifen and several other selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) can act as inverse agonists on CB1 and CB2, an interaction with possible clinical consequences. In addition, cannabinoid action could interact with other commonly used endocrine and targeted therapies used in the treatment of HR+ BC.
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Mukhopadhyay UK, Oturkar CC, Adams C, Wickramasekera N, Bansal S, Medisetty R, Miller A, Swetzig WM, Silwal-Pandit L, Børresen-Dale AL, Creighton CJ, Park JH, Konduri SD, Mukhopadhyay A, Caradori A, Omilian A, Bshara W, Kaipparettu BA, Das GM. TP53 Status as a Determinant of Pro- vs Anti-Tumorigenic Effects of Estrogen Receptor-Beta in Breast Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 111:1202-1215. [PMID: 30990221 PMCID: PMC6855950 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-tumorigenic vs pro-tumorigenic roles of estrogen receptor-beta (ESR2) in breast cancer remain unsettled. We investigated the potential of TP53 status to be a determinant of the bi-faceted role of ESR2 and associated therapeutic implications for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS ESR2-TP53 interaction was analyzed with multiple assays including the in situ proximity ligation assay. Transcriptional effects on TP53-target genes and cell proliferation in response to knocking down or overexpressing ESR2 were determined. Patient survival according to ESR2 expression levels and TP53 mutation status was analyzed in the basal-like TNBC subgroup in the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (n = 308) and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (n = 46) patient cohorts by univariate Cox regression and log-rank test. All statistical tests are two-sided. RESULTS ESR2 interaction with wild-type and mutant TP53 caused pro-proliferative and anti-proliferative effects, respectively. Depleting ESR2 in cells expressing wild-type TP53 resulted in increased expression of TP53-target genes CDKN1A (control group mean [SD] = 1 [0.13] vs ESR2 depletion group mean [SD] = 2.08 [0.24], P = .003) and BBC3 (control group mean [SD] = 1 [0.06] vs ESR2 depleted group mean [SD] = 1.92 [0.25], P = .003); however, expression of CDKN1A (control group mean [SD] = 1 [0.21] vs ESR2 depleted group mean [SD] = 0.56 [0.12], P = .02) and BBC3 (control group mean [SD] = 1 [0.03] vs ESR2 depleted group mean [SD] = 0.55 [0.09], P = .008) was decreased in cells expressing mutant TP53. Overexpressing ESR2 had opposite effects. Tamoxifen increased ESR2-mutant TP53 interaction, leading to reactivation of TP73 and apoptosis. High levels of ESR2 expression in mutant TP53-expressing basal-like tumors is associated with better prognosis (Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium cohort: log-rank P = .001; hazard ratio = 0.26, 95% confidence interval = 0.08 to 0.84, univariate Cox P = .02). CONCLUSIONS TP53 status is a determinant of the functional duality of ESR2. Our study suggests that ESR2-mutant TP53 combination prognosticates survival in TNBC revealing a novel strategy to stratify TNBC for therapeutic intervention potentially by repurposing tamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gokul M Das
- Correspondence to: Gokul M. Das, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263 (e-mail: )
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28
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Rocca A, Maltoni R, Bravaccini S, Donati C, Andreis D. Clinical utility of fulvestrant in the treatment of breast cancer: a report on the emerging clinical evidence. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:3083-3099. [PMID: 30214302 PMCID: PMC6124791 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s137772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fulvestrant is the first selective estrogen receptor (ER) downregulator available in clinical practice. It is a pure antiestrogen with no agonistic effects, leading to degradation of ER alpha, with activity in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer (BC) models. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies and several postmarketing clinical trials led to the definition of the optimal dose at 500 mg intramuscularly on days 1, 15, and 29 and then every 28 days. Targeting ER alpha, fulvestrant is a cornerstone of treatment in luminal BCs, whose growth is largely driven by the ER pathway. In endocrine therapy-naïve patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2− advanced BC (ABC), fulvestrant yielded significantly longer progression-free survival compared to anastrozole in the Phase III FALCON study. Due to its mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic properties, fulvestrant is an ideal backbone for combination therapies. Preclinical studies have shown synergism with drugs acting on signaling pathways involved in the development of endocrine resistance, among which the cyclin D/cyclin-dependent kinase 4-6/retinoblastoma pathway and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, contributing to overcoming or delaying endocrine resistance. In the Phase III PALOMA-3 trial, a combination of the cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor palbociclib with fulvestrant significantly improved progression-free survival over fulvestrant alone in women with hormone receptor positive, HER2− ABC progressing during prior endocrine therapy. This led to approval of the combination in this clinical setting. Similar results were obtained with abemaciclib and ribociclib. Combination with pan-PI3K inhibitors, though showing some efficacy, was hampered by the toxicity of these agents, and studies in combinations with more selective inhibitors of the α-catalytic subunit of PI3K are ongoing. Fulvestrant has shown partial activity also in patients with tumors harboring mutations of the ESR1 gene. It is thus a key drug in the treatment of ABC, whose role in combination with new targeted agents is still evolving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rocca
- Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS,
| | - Roberta Maltoni
- Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS,
| | - Sara Bravaccini
- Cyto-Histo-Molecular Pathology, Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS
| | - Caterina Donati
- Pharmacy, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS
| | - Daniele Andreis
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
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Guillette TC, Jackson TW, Belcher SM. Duality of estrogen receptor β action in cancer progression. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 41:66-73. [PMID: 29772419 PMCID: PMC8008732 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The physiological actions of estrogens are primarily mediated by the nuclear hormone receptors estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ). Activities of these nuclear steroid hormone receptors in etiology and progression of many hormone-responsive cancers are well-established, yet the specific role of each receptor, and their various expressed isoforms, in estrogen-responsive cancers remains unclear. Recent advances in nuclear receptor profiling, characterization of expressed splice variants, and the availability of new experimental cancer models, has extended the understanding of the complex interplay between the differentially expressed nuclear estrogen receptors. In this review, we discuss proposed roles of ERβ in several subtypes of cancers that lack significant ERα expression and define current understanding of how different ERs collaborate to regulate cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Guillette
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 127 David Clark Labs Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, USA
| | - Thomas W Jackson
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 127 David Clark Labs Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, USA
| | - Scott M Belcher
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 127 David Clark Labs Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, USA.
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30
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Hu XQ, Chen M, Dasgupta C, Xiao D, Huang X, Yang S, Zhang L. Chronic hypoxia upregulates DNA methyltransferase and represses large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel function in ovine uterine arteries. Biol Reprod 2018; 96:424-434. [PMID: 28203702 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.145946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia during gestation suppresses large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channel function and impedes uterine arterial adaptation to pregnancy. This study tested the hypothesis that chronic hypoxia has a direct effect in upregulating DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and epigenetically repressing BKCa channel beta-1 subunit (KCNMB1) expression in uterine arteries. Resistance-sized uterine arteries were isolated from near-term pregnant sheep maintained at ∼300 m above sea level or animals acclimatized to high-altitude (3,801 m) hypoxia for 110 days during gestation. For ex vivo hypoxia treatment, uterine arteries from normoxic animals were treated with 21.0% O2 or 10.5% O2 for 48 h. High-altitude hypoxia significantly upregulated DNMT3b expression and enzyme activity in uterine arteries. Similarly, ex vivo hypoxia treatment upregulated DNMT3b expression and enzyme activity that was blocked by a DNMT inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza). Of importance, 5-Aza inhibited hypoxia-induced hypermethylation of specificity protein (SP) 1 binding site at the KCNMB1 promoter and restored transcription factor binding to the KCNMB1 promoter, resulting in the recovery of KCNMB1 gene expression in uterine arteries. Furthermore, 5-Aza blocked the effect of hypoxia and rescued BKCa channel activity and reversed hypoxia-induced decrease in BKCa channel-mediated relaxations and increase in myogenic tone of uterine arteries. Collectively, these results suggest that chronic hypoxia during gestation upregulates DNMT expression and activity, resulting in hypermethylation and repression of KCNMB1 gene and BKCa channel function, impeding uterine arterial adaptation to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Qun Hu
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Man Chen
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Chiranjib Dasgupta
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Daliao Xiao
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Xiaohui Huang
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Shumei Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, California, USA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
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31
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Oyenihi OR, Krygsman A, Verhoog N, de Beer D, Saayman MJ, Mouton TM, Louw A. Chemoprevention of LA7-Induced Mammary Tumor Growth by SM6Met, a Well-Characterized Cyclopia Extract. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:650. [PMID: 29973879 PMCID: PMC6019492 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Chemoprevention of BC by using plant extracts is gaining attention. SM6Met, a well-characterized extract of Cyclopia subternata with reported selective estrogen receptor subtype activity, has shown tumor suppressive effects in a chemically induced BC model in rats, which is known to be estrogen responsive. However, there is no information on the estrogen sensitivity of the relatively new orthotopic model of LA7 cell-induced mammary tumors. In the present study, the potential chemopreventative and side-effect profile of SM6Met on LA7 cell-induced tumor growth was evaluated, as was the effects of 17β-estradiol and standard-of-care (SOC) endocrine therapies, such as tamoxifen (TAM), letrozole (LET), and fulvestrant (FUL). Tumor growth was observed in the tumor-vehicle control group until day 10 post tumor induction, which declined afterward on days 12-14. SM6Met suppressed tumor growth to the same extent as TAM, while LET, but not FUL, also showed substantial anti-tumor effects. Short-term 17β-estradiol treatment reduced tumor volume on days prior to day 10, whereas tumor promoting effects were observed during long-term treatment, which was especially evident at later time points. Marked elevation in serum markers of liver injury, which was further supported by histological evaluation, was observed in the vehicle-treated tumor control, TAM, LET, and long-term 17β-estradiol treatment groups. Alterations in the lipid profiles were also observed in the 17β-estradiol treatment groups. In contrast, SM6Met did not augment the increase in serum levels of liver injury biomarkers caused by tumor induction and no effect was observed on lipid profiles. In summary, the results from the current study demonstrate the chemopreventative effect of SM6Met on mammary tumor growth, which was comparable to that of TAM, without eliciting the negative side-effects observed with this SOC endocrine therapy. Furthermore, the results of this study also showed some responsiveness of LA7-induced tumors to estrogen and SOC endocrine therapies. Thus, this model may be useful in evaluating potential endocrine therapies for hormone responsive BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolola R. Oyenihi
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Annadie Krygsman
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Nicolette Verhoog
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Dalene de Beer
- Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council of South Africa, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Michael J. Saayman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thys M. Mouton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ann Louw
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Laranjo M, Carvalho MJ, Costa T, Alves A, Oliveira RC, Casalta-Lopes J, Cordeiro P, Botas F, Abrantes AM, Paiva A, Oliveira C, Botelho MF. Mammospheres of hormonal receptor positive breast cancer diverge to triple-negative phenotype. Breast 2018; 38:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Liu L, Shen W, Zhu Z, Lin J, Fang Q, Ruan Y, Zhao H. Combined inhibition of EGFR and c-ABL suppresses the growth of fulvestrant-resistant breast cancer cells through miR-375-autophagy axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018. [PMID: 29522716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fulvestrant is the FDA-approved "pure anti-estrogen" agent for malignant breast cancer therapy. But endocrine resistance causes drug failure. A new approach is desired for fulvestrant-resistant breast cancer (FRBC) therapy. This study aims to find an effective approach to inhibit FRBC for patients with advanced breast cancer. MTT assay was first performed to detect the effect of inhibitors of c-ABL (imatinib) and EGFR (lapatinib) on FRBC cells. Microarray analysis was carried out to identify microRNA which is significantly changed between parental and FRBC cells. The related mechanisms were analyzed by qRT-PCR, MTT, AO staining and western blotting. Dual treatment significantly inhibited cell growth of FRBC and upregulated microRNA-375 (miR-375). Overexpression of miR-375 inhibited growth of FRBC cells, reduced autophagy, and decreased expression of ATG7 and LC3-II. Dual treatment elevated expression of miR-375 more than any single one of these two inhibitors. Overexpression of miR-375 increased cell growth inhibition induced by dual treatment, and the effect was attenuated when miR-375 was inhibited. In conclusion, we identified that combined inhibition of EGFR and c-ABL can suppress the growth of FRBC cells and elucidated a mechanism within FRBC cells involving regulation of miR-375 and autophagy. Dual treatment may be useful for inhibiting fulvestrant-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunming Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311400, China
| | - Weifeng Shen
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311400, China
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311400, China
| | - Jinxiong Lin
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311400, China
| | - Qingxia Fang
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311400, China
| | - Yeping Ruan
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311400, China.
| | - Huajun Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311400, China.
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Targeting tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens: a phase I study of a carbohydrate mimetic-peptide vaccine in stage IV breast cancer subjects. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99161-99178. [PMID: 29228761 PMCID: PMC5716801 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) support cell survival that could be interrupted by anti-TACA antibodies. Among TACAs that mediate cell survival signals are the neolactoseries antigen Lewis Y (LeY) and the ganglioside GD2. To induce sustained immunity against both LeY and GD2, we developed a carbohydrate mimicking peptide (CMP) as a surrogate pan-immunogen that mimics both. This CMP, referred to as P10s, is the N-terminal half of a peptide vaccine named P10s-PADRE, the C-terminal half of which (PADRE) is a Pan-T-cell epitope. A Phase I dose-escalation trial of P10s-PADRE plus adjuvant MONTANIDE™ ISA 51 VG was conducted in subjects with metastatic breast cancer to test 300 and 500 μg/injection in two cohorts of 3 subjects each. Doses of the P10s-PADRE vaccine were administered to research participants subcutaneously on weeks 1, 2, 3, 7 and 19. Antibody responses to P10s, GD2, and LeY were measured by ELISA. The P10s-PADRE vaccine induced antibodies specifically reactive with P10s, LeY and GD2 in all 6 subjects. Serum antibodies displayed Caspase-3-dependent apoptotic functionality against LeY or GD2 expressing breast cancer cell lines. Immunization with the P10s-PADRE vaccine was well-tolerated and induced functional antibodies, and the data suggest potential clinical benefit.
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Yan X, Qi M, Li P, Zhan Y, Shao H. Apigenin in cancer therapy: anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of action. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:50. [PMID: 29034071 PMCID: PMC5629766 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a common dietary flavonoid that is abundantly present in many fruits, vegetables and Chinese medicinal herbs and serves multiple physiological functions, such as strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral activities and blood pressure reduction. Therefore, apigenin has been used as a traditional medicine for centuries. Recently, apigenin has been widely investigated for its anti-cancer activities and low toxicity. Apigenin was reported to suppress various human cancers in vitro and in vivo by multiple biological effects, such as triggering cell apoptosis and autophagy, inducing cell cycle arrest, suppressing cell migration and invasion, and stimulating an immune response. In this review, we focus on the most recent advances in the anti-cancer effects of apigenin and their underlying mechanisms, and we summarize the signaling pathways modulated by apigenin, including the PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, JAK/STAT, NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. We also discuss combinatorial strategies to enhance the anti-cancer effect of apigenin on various cancers and its use as an adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent to overcome cancer drug resistance or to alleviate other adverse effects of chemotherapy. The functions of apigenin against cancer stem cells are also summarized and discussed. These data demonstrate that apigenin is a promising reagent for cancer therapy. Apigenin appears to have the potential to be developed either as a dietary supplement or as an adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119 China
| | - Miao Qi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119 China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119 China
| | - Yihong Zhan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119 China
| | - Huanjie Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119 China
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Abstract
The field of medical oncology is experiencing a period of rapid evolution owing to advances in the fields of genomics, tumor biology, and immunology. These disciplines have provided valuable insights into the heterogeneity between breast tumors, key oncogenic drivers, and the role of the immune system in the natural history of breast cancer. This knowledge is translating into many novel therapeutic strategies using personalized medicines, targeted drug delivery systems, and immunomodulatory agents in the treatment of both the early and metastatic stages of the disease. This review article attempts to cover the major developments in experimental therapeutics and how they relate to our understanding of breast cancer and its various biologic subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Cox
- From the Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, the University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, and the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Brandon Alford
- From the Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, the University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, and the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Hatem Soliman
- From the Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, the University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, and the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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