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De Marco P, Romeo E, Vivacqua A, Malaguarnera R, Abonante S, Romeo F, Pezzi V, Belfiore A, Maggiolini M. CORRIGENDUM: GPER1 is regulated by insulin in cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Endocr Relat Cancer 2023; 30:e140245e. [PMID: 37855325 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0245e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola De Marco
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Enrica Romeo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Adele Vivacqua
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Roberta Malaguarnera
- Endocrinology, Department of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
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Giordano F, D'Amico M, Montalto FI, Malivindi R, Chimento A, Conforti FL, Pezzi V, Panno ML, Andò S, De Amicis F. Cdk4 Regulates Glioblastoma Cell Invasion and Stemness and Is Target of a Notch Inhibitor Plus Resveratrol Combined Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10094. [PMID: 37373242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive types of cancer characterized by poor patient outcomes. To date, it is believed that the major cause of its recurrence and chemoresistance is represented by the enrichment of GBM stem cells (GSCs) sustained by the abnormal activation of a number of signaling pathways. In this study, we found that in GBM cells, treatment with low toxicity doses of the γ-secretase inhibitor RO4929097 (GSI), blocking the Notch pathway activity, in combination with resveratrol (RSV) was able to reverse the basal mesenchymal phenotype to an epithelial-like phenotype, affecting invasion and stemness interplay. The mechanism was dependent on cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK4), leading to a reduction of paxillin (Pxn) phosphorylation. Consequently, we discovered the reduced interaction of Pxn with vinculin (Vcl), which, during cell migration, transmits the intracellular forces to the extracellular matrix. The exogenous expression of a constitutively active Cdk4 mutant prevented the RSV + GSI inhibitory effects in GBM cell motility/invasion and augmented the expression of stemness-specific markers, as well as the neurosphere sizes/forming abilities in untreated cells. In conclusion, we propose that Cdk4 is an important regulator of GBM stem-like phenotypes and invasive capacity, highlighting how the combined treatment of Notch inhibitors and RSV could be prospectively implemented in the novel therapeutic strategies to target Cdk4 for these aggressive brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Maria D'Amico
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Health Center, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca Ida Montalto
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Health Center, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca Luisa Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Health Center, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Panno
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Health Center, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Health Center, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Chimento A, D’Amico M, De Luca A, Conforti FL, Pezzi V, De Amicis F. Resveratrol, Epigallocatechin Gallate and Curcumin for Cancer Therapy: Challenges from Their Pro-Apoptotic Properties. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020261. [PMID: 36836619 PMCID: PMC9962739 DOI: 10.3390/life13020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived bioactive compounds are gaining wide attention for their multiple health-promoting activities and in particular for their anti-cancer properties. Several studies have highlighted how they can prevent cancer initiation and progression, improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy, and, in some cases, limit some of the side effects of chemotherapy agents. In this paper, we provide an update of the literature on the anti-cancer effects of three extensively studied plant-derived compounds, namely resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, and curcumin, with a special focus on the anti-cancer molecular mechanisms inducing apoptosis in the major types of cancers globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Maria D’Amico
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Health Center, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Arianna De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca Luisa Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Health Center, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Health Center, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0984-496204
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Chimento A, D’Amico M, Pezzi V, De Amicis F. Notch Signaling in Breast Tumor Microenvironment as Mediator of Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116296. [PMID: 35682974 PMCID: PMC9181656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling dysregulation encourages breast cancer progression through different mechanisms such as stem cell maintenance, cell proliferation and migration/invasion. Furthermore, Notch is a crucial driver regulating juxtracrine and paracrine communications between tumor and stroma. The complex interplay between the abnormal Notch pathway orchestrating the activation of other signals and cellular heterogeneity contribute towards remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. These changes, together with tumor evolution and treatment pressure, drive breast cancer drug resistance. Preclinical studies have shown that targeting the Notch pathway can prevent or reverse resistance, reducing or eliminating breast cancer stem cells. In the present review, we will summarize the current scientific evidence that highlights the involvement of Notch activation within the breast tumor microenvironment, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and tumor/stroma/immune system interplay and its involvement in mechanisms of therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; (A.C.); (M.D.); (F.D.A.)
| | - Maria D’Amico
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; (A.C.); (M.D.); (F.D.A.)
- Health Center, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; (A.C.); (M.D.); (F.D.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0984-493148
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; (A.C.); (M.D.); (F.D.A.)
- Health Center, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
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Ruffo M, Parisi OI, Dattilo M, Patitucci F, Malivindi R, Pezzi V, Tzanov T, Puoci F. Synthesis and evaluation of wound healing properties of hydro-diab hydrogel loaded with green-synthetized AGNPS: in vitro and in ex vivo studies. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:1881-1894. [PMID: 35359261 PMCID: PMC9242975 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01121-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In diabetic patients, the presence of neuropathy, peripheral vascular diseases and ischemia, leads to the formation of foot ulcerations with a higher risk of infection because the normal response to bacterial infection is missing. In the aim to control and treat diabetic foot ulcerations (DFUs), wound dressings that are able to absorb exudate, to prevent infections, and to promote wound healing are needed. For this reason, the aim of the present research was to synthetize a biocompatible hydrogel (called HyDrO-DiAb) composed of carboxymethylcellulose loaded with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. In this study, AgNPs were obtained by a green synthesis and, then, were dissolved in a CMC hydrogel that, after a freeze drying process, becomes a flexible and porous structure. The in vitro and in ex vivo wound healing activity of the obtained HyDrO-DiAb hydrogel was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosa Ruffo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.,Macrofarm S.R.L, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Ortensia Ilaria Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.,Macrofarm S.R.L, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Marco Dattilo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Francesco Patitucci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.,Macrofarm S.R.L, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.,Macrofarm S.R.L, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.,Macrofarm S.R.L, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Tzanko Tzanov
- Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Francesco Puoci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy. .,Macrofarm S.R.L, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy.
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Parisi OI, Dattilo M, Patitucci F, Malivindi R, Delbue S, Ferrante P, Parapini S, Galeazzi R, Cavarelli M, Cilurzo F, Franzè S, Perrotta I, Pezzi V, Selmin F, Ruffo M, Puoci F. Design and development of plastic antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 RBD based on molecularly imprinted polymers that inhibit in vitro virus infection. Nanoscale 2021; 13:16885-16899. [PMID: 34528987 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03727g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present research study reports the development of plastic antibodies based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) capable of selectively binding a portion of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Indeed, molecular imprinting represents a very promising and attractive technology for the synthesis of MIPs characterized by specific recognition abilities for a target molecule. Given these characteristics, MIPs can be considered tailor-made synthetic antibodies obtained by a templating process. After in silico analysis, imprinted nanoparticles were synthesized by inverse microemulsion polymerization and their ability to prevent the interaction between ACE2 and the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 was investigated. Of relevance, the developed synthetic antibodies are capable of significantly inhibiting virus replication in Vero cell culture, suggesting their potential application in the treatment, prevention and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ortensia Ilaria Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Marco Dattilo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Francesco Patitucci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Serena Delbue
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Research, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ferrante
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Research, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Parapini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Galeazzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Mariangela Cavarelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Francesco Cilurzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Franzè
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ida Perrotta
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Francesca Selmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mariarosa Ruffo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Francesco Puoci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
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Chimento A, De Luca A, Nocito MC, Sculco S, Avena P, La Padula D, Zavaglia L, Sirianni R, Casaburi I, Pezzi V. SIRT1 is involved in adrenocortical cancer growth and motility. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3856-3869. [PMID: 33650791 PMCID: PMC8051751 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) is a rare tumour with unfavourable prognosis, lacking an effective treatment. This tumour is characterized by IGF‐II (insulin‐like growth factor II) overproduction, aromatase and ERα (oestrogen receptor alpha) up‐regulation. Previous reports suggest that ERα expression can be regulated by sirt1 (sirtuin 1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)‐dependent class III histone deacetylases that modulates activity of several substrates involved in cellular stress, metabolism, proliferation, senescence, protein degradation and apoptosis. Nevertheless, sirt1 can act as a tumour suppressor or oncogenic protein. In this study, we found that in H295R and SW13 cell lines, sirt1 expression is inhibited by sirtinol, a potent inhibitor of sirt1 activity. In addition, sirtinol is able to decrease ACC cell proliferation, colony and spheroids formation and to activate the intrinsic apoptotic mechanism. Particularly, we observed that sirtinol interferes with E2/ERα and IGF1R (insulin growth factor 1 receptor) pathways by decreasing receptors expression. Sirt1 involvement was confirmed by using a specific sirt1 siRNA. More importantly, we observed that sirtinol can synergize with mitotane, a selective adrenolitic drug, in inhibiting adrenocortical cancer cell growth. Collectively, our data reveal an oncogenic role for sirt1 in ACC and its targeting could implement treatment options for this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Arianna De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marta Claudia Nocito
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sara Sculco
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Paola Avena
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Davide La Padula
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Lucia Zavaglia
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Ivan Casaburi
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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Chimento A, De Luca A, Nocito MC, Avena P, La Padula D, Zavaglia L, Pezzi V. Role of GPER-Mediated Signaling in Testicular Functions and Tumorigenesis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092115. [PMID: 32957524 PMCID: PMC7563107 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen signaling plays important roles in testicular functions and tumorigenesis. Fifteen years ago, it was discovered that a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, GPR30, which binds also with high affinity to estradiol and is responsible, in part, for the rapid non-genomic actions of estrogens. GPR30, renamed as GPER, was detected in several tissues including germ cells (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids) and somatic cells (Sertoli and Leydig cells). In our previous review published in 2014, we summarized studies that evidenced a role of GPER signaling in mediating estrogen action during spermatogenesis and testis development. In addition, we evidenced that GPER seems to be involved in modulating estrogen-dependent testicular cancer cell growth; however, the effects on cell survival and proliferation depend on specific cell type. In this review, we update the knowledge obtained in the last years on GPER roles in regulating physiological functions of testicular cells and its involvement in neoplastic transformation of both germ and somatic cells. In particular, we will focus our attention on crosstalk among GPER signaling, classical estrogen receptors and other nuclear receptors involved in testis physiology regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Chimento
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (V.P.); Tel.: +39-0984-493184 (A.C.); +39-0984-493148 (V.P.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (V.P.); Tel.: +39-0984-493184 (A.C.); +39-0984-493148 (V.P.)
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Aquila S, Santoro M, Caputo A, Panno ML, Pezzi V, De Amicis F. The Tumor Suppressor PTEN as Molecular Switch Node Regulating Cell Metabolism and Autophagy: Implications in Immune System and Tumor Microenvironment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071725. [PMID: 32708484 PMCID: PMC7408239 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies conducted over the past 10 years evidence the intriguing role of the tumor suppressor gene Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog deleted on Chromosome 10 PTEN in the regulation of cellular energy expenditure, together with its capability to modulate proliferation and survival, thus expanding our knowledge of its physiological functions. Transgenic PTEN mice models are resistant to oncogenic transformation, present decreased adiposity and reduced cellular glucose and glutamine uptake, together with increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. These acquisitions led to a novel understanding regarding the role of PTEN to counteract cancer cell metabolic reprogramming. Particularly, PTEN drives an “anti-Warburg state” in which less glucose is taken up, but it is more efficiently directed to the mitochondrial Krebs cycle. The maintenance of cellular homeostasis together with reduction of metabolic stress are controlled by specific pathways among which autophagy, a catabolic process strictly governed by mTOR and PTEN. Besides, a role of PTEN in metabolic reprogramming and tumor/stroma interactions in cancer models, has recently been established. The genetic inactivation of PTEN in stromal fibroblasts of mouse mammary glands, accelerates breast cancer initiation and progression. This review will discuss our novel understanding in the molecular connection between cell metabolism and autophagy by PTEN, highlighting novel implications regarding tumor/stroma/immune system interplay. The newly discovered action of PTEN opens innovative avenues for investigations relevant to counteract cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saveria Aquila
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences; University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (S.A.); (M.S.); (M.L.P.); (V.P.)
- Health Center, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Marta Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences; University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (S.A.); (M.S.); (M.L.P.); (V.P.)
- Health Center, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Annalisa Caputo
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Luisa Panno
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences; University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (S.A.); (M.S.); (M.L.P.); (V.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences; University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (S.A.); (M.S.); (M.L.P.); (V.P.)
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences; University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (S.A.); (M.S.); (M.L.P.); (V.P.)
- Health Center, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence:
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10
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Trotta F, Avena P, Chimento A, Rago V, De Luca A, Sculco S, Nocito MC, Malivindi R, Fallo F, Pezzani R, Pilon C, Lasorsa FM, Barile SN, Palmieri L, Lerario AM, Pezzi V, Casaburi I, Sirianni R. Statins Reduce Intratumor Cholesterol Affecting Adrenocortical Cancer Growth. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1909-1921. [PMID: 32546662 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitotane causes hypercholesterolemia in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). We suppose that cholesterol increases within the tumor and can be used to activate proliferative pathways. In this study, we used statins to decrease intratumor cholesterol and investigated the effects on ACC growth related to estrogen receptor α (ERα) action at the nuclear and mitochondrial levels. We first used microarray to investigate mitotane effect on genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis and evaluated their relationship with patients' survival in ACC TCGA. We then blocked cholesterol synthesis with simvastatin and determined the effects on H295R cell proliferation, estradiol production, and ERα activity in vitro and in xenograft tumors. We found that mitotane increases intratumor cholesterol content and expression of genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis, among them INSIG, whose expression affects patients' survival. Treatment of H295R cells with simvastatin to block cholesterol synthesis decreased cellular cholesterol content, and this affected cell viability. Simvastatin reduced estradiol production and decreased nuclear and mitochondrial ERα function. A mitochondrial target of ERα, the respiratory complex IV (COXIV), was reduced after simvastatin treatment, which profoundly affected mitochondrial respiration activating apoptosis. Additionally, simvastatin reduced tumor volume and weight of grafted H295R cells, intratumor cholesterol content, Ki-67 and ERα, COXIV expression and activity and increase terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells. Collectively, these data demonstrate that a reduction in intratumor cholesterol content prevents estradiol production and inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain-inducing apoptosis in ACC cells. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by simvastatin represents a novel strategy to counteract ACC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Trotta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Paola Avena
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Vittoria Rago
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Arianna De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sara Sculco
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marta C Nocito
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Fallo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Catia Pilon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco M Lasorsa
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, and CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona N Barile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, and CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, and CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio M Lerario
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Ivan Casaburi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
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11
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Curcio M, Avena P, Cirillo G, Casaburi I, Spizzirri UG, Nicoletta FP, Iemma F, Pezzi V. Functional Albumin Nanoformulations to Fight Adrenocortical Carcinoma: a Redox-Responsive Approach. Pharm Res 2020; 37:55. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-2775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Parisi OI, Ruffo M, Amone F, Malivindi R, Gorgoglione D, De Biasio F, Scrivano L, Pezzi V, Puoci F. PDO Rotonda’s Red Eggplant Extract: In vitro Determination of Biological Properties and Minerals Bioaccessibility. CNF 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401314666180622110952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The Rotonda’s Red Eggplant belongs to the family of Solanum aethiopicum
and it is cultivated in a specific area of Potenza (Basilicata, South of Italy) including villages of Rotonda,
Viggianello, Castelluccio Superiore and Castelluccio Inferiore. The Red Eggplant cultivated in
this area has gained the PDO, “Protected Designation of Origin”.
Objective:
The aim of this research was to evaluate the use of PDO Rotonda’s Red Eggplant extract
as a possible nutraceutical supplement. The antioxidant, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic
properties were in vitro evaluated.
Methods:
The antioxidant activity was investigated by evaluating the scavenging properties against
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
(ABTS) radicals and by performing the Ammonium Molybdate and Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The hypoglycemic
and antihypertensive activity was studied by evaluating the α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase
and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, respectively, inhibiting activity. In order to evaluate the hypolipidemic
activity, the pancreatic lipase inhibiting property was determined and Oil Red O staining
assay was performed. Finally, to evaluate the possible use of this extract as a minerals supplement,
Selenium, Potassium and Chrome bioaccessibility was studied.
Results:
The obtained results underline the good antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antihypertensive and
hypolipidemic in vitro properties of the PDO Rotonda’s Red Eggplant extract. Moreover, the obtained
data show a higher minerals bioaccessibility and this higher value could be ascribable to the
natural phytocomplex of PDO Rotonda’s Red Eggplant, which increases the minerals bioaccessibility
if compare it with a control sample.
Conclusion:
The obtained results show that PDO Rotonda’s Red Eggplant extract, might be used as
a possible nutraceutical supplement, along with traditional therapies, both for its biological properties
and for its minerals bioaccessibility value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ortensia Ilaria Parisi
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Mariarosa Ruffo
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Fabio Amone
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Scrivano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Francesco Puoci
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
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13
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Parisi OI, Ruffo M, Malivindi R, Vattimo AF, Pezzi V, Puoci F. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) as Theranostic Systems for Sunitinib Controlled Release and Self-Monitoring in Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E41. [PMID: 31947815 PMCID: PMC7022407 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic agents that are used conventionally in cancer therapy present limitations that affect their efficacy and safety profile, leading to serious adverse effects. In the aim to overcome these drawbacks, different approaches have been investigated and, among them, theranostics is attracting interest. This new field of medicine combines diagnosis with targeted therapy; therefore, the aim of this study was the preparation and characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) selective for the anticancer drug Sunitinib (SUT) for the development of a novel theranostic system that is able to integrate the drug controlled release ability of MIPs with Rhodamine 6G as a fluorescent marker. MIPs were synthesized by precipitation polymerization and then functionalized with Rhodamine 6G by radical grafting. The obtained polymeric particles were characterized in terms of particles size and distribution, ξ-potential and fluorescent, and hydrophilic properties. Moreover, adsorption isotherms and kinetics and in vitro release properties were also investigated. The obtained binding data confirmed the selective recognition properties of MIP, revealing that SUT adsorption better fitted the Langmuir model, while the adsorption process followed the pseudo-first order kinetic model. Finally, the in vitro release studies highlighted the SUT controlled release behavior of MIP, which was well fitted with the Ritger-Peppas kinetic model. Therefore, the synthesized fluorescent MIP represents a promising material for the development of a theranostic platform for Sunitinib controlled release and self-monitoring in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ortensia Ilaria Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.R.); (R.M.); (V.P.)
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy;
| | - Mariarosa Ruffo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.R.); (R.M.); (V.P.)
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy;
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.R.); (R.M.); (V.P.)
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy;
| | - Anna Francesca Vattimo
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.R.); (R.M.); (V.P.)
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy;
| | - Francesco Puoci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (M.R.); (R.M.); (V.P.)
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy;
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14
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Cappello AR, Aiello F, Polerà N, Armentano B, Casaburi I, Di Gioia ML, Loizzo MR, Dolce V, Pezzi V, Tundis R. In vitro anti-proliferative and anti-bacterial properties of new C7 benzoate derivatives of pinocembrin. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1783-1791. [PMID: 31311327 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1641805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the in vitro anti-proliferative and anti-bacterial activities of three semi-synthetic benzoate pinocembrin derivatives, isolated from the aerial parts of Glycyrrhiza glabra L., were investigated. As occurs in most natural compounds, the bioavailability of pinocembrin is very poor, therefore it should be improved by chemical strategies aimed to prolong its shelf life and, consequently, its activity. On this basis, three benzoate derivatives of pinocembrin (a1-a3) were synthesised and assayed in order to ascertain their biological value. Among them, compound a1 showed the highest anti-proliferative activity on a wide panel of cancer cell lines, as well as low toxic effects on non-malignant breast cells. The calculated IC50 values in HeLa and SKBR3 cells were 8.5 and 12.7 µM, respectively. Briefly, a1 treatment increased ROS levels, induced mitochondrial membrane damage leading to necrotic death of HeLa cells. Moreover, a1 displayed a promising anti-bacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Polerà
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Biagio Armentano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Ivan Casaburi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Gioia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Monica R Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolce
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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15
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Essafi Rhouma H, Trabelsi N, Chimento A, Benincasa C, Tamaalli A, Perri E, Zarrouk M, Pezzi V. Olea europaea L. Flowers as a new promising anticancer natural product: phenolic composition, antiproliferative activity and apoptosis induction. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1836-1839. [PMID: 31282742 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1637867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterise phenolic compounds of olive flower obtained from Olive tree cultivar Chemlali and to investigate their anticancer effect on MCF-7 cells. Phenolic characterisation was determined using LC/MS-MS. Cytotoxicity of the extract was determined using MTT. Biochemical markers of apoptosis were evaluated by immunoblotting. Our results showed that olive flower contained significant amounts of phenolic compounds mainly flavonoids, secoiridoids and simple phenols. Furthermore, the phenolic extract exerted a significant reduction in MCF-7 cell viability (EC50 values equal to 220.8 μg/ml). Western blot analysis revealed the presence of the cleaved forms of Parp-1. The DAPI staining analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of cells and a considerable change in the morphology of the treated cells. In conclusion, Olea europaea. L flower contained great amounts of different bio-phenols able to reduce the proliferative activity of breast cancer MCF-7 cells by the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanen Essafi Rhouma
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'olivier, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.,Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Najla Trabelsi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'olivier, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Cinzia Benincasa
- Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis, CREA Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Amani Tamaalli
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'olivier, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Enzo Perri
- Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis, CREA Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Mokhtar Zarrouk
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'olivier, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
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16
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Sirianni R, Umetani M, Pezzi V. Editorial: Cholesterol and Oxysterols as Signal Molecules in Human Pathophysiology and Cancer: Implications for New Therapeutic Strategies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:732. [PMID: 31708876 PMCID: PMC6819365 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Michihisa Umetani
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
- *Correspondence: Vincenzo Pezzi
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17
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Mancuso R, Ziccarelli I, Chimento A, Marino N, Della Ca' N, Sirianni R, Pezzi V, Gabriele B. Catalytic Double Cyclization Process for Antitumor Agents against Breast Cancer Cell Lines. iScience 2018; 3:279-288. [PMID: 30428327 PMCID: PMC6137400 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient synthetic strategies for the discovery of novel antitumor molecules is a major goal in current research. In this context, we report here a catalytic double cyclization process leading to bicyclic heterocycles with significant antitumor activity on different human breast cancer (BC) cell lines. The products, 6,6a-dihydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-2(5H)-ones, were obtained in one step, starting from simple substrates (4-yne-1,3-diols, CO, and O2), under the catalytic action of PdI2 in conjunction with KI. These compounds have significant antiproliferative activity in vitro on human BC cell lines, both hormone receptor positive (MCF-7) and triple negative (triple-negative breast cancer [TNBC]; MDA-MB-231 and MDAMB-468), while exhibiting practically no effects on normal MCF-10A (human mammary epithelial) and 3T3-L1 (murine fibroblasts) cells. Thus, these compounds have the potential to expand the therapeutic options against BC, and in particular, against its most aggressive forms (TNBCs). Moreover, the present synthetic approach may provide an economic benefit for their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Mancuso
- Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 12/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Ida Ziccarelli
- Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 12/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Nadia Marino
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 14/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Nicola Della Ca'
- Department of Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Bartolo Gabriele
- Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 12/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Rende (CS), Italy.
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18
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Chimento A, Casaburi I, Avena P, Trotta F, De Luca A, Rago V, Pezzi V, Sirianni R. Cholesterol and Its Metabolites in Tumor Growth: Therapeutic Potential of Statins in Cancer Treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:807. [PMID: 30719023 PMCID: PMC6348274 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is essential for cell function and viability. It is a component of the plasma membrane and lipid rafts and is a precursor for bile acids, steroid hormones, and Vitamin D. As a ligand for estrogen-related receptor alpha (ESRRA), cholesterol becomes a signaling molecule. Furthermore, cholesterol-derived oxysterols activate liver X receptors (LXRs) or estrogen receptors (ERs). Several studies performed in cancer cells reveal that cholesterol synthesis is enhanced compared to normal cells. Additionally, high serum cholesterol levels are associated with increased risk for many cancers, but thus far, clinical trials with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) have had mixed results. Statins inhibit cholesterol synthesis within cells through the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate and cholesterol synthetic pathway. Many downstream products of mevalonate have a role in cell proliferation, since they are required for maintenance of membrane integrity; signaling, as some proteins to be active must undergo prenylation; protein synthesis, as isopentenyladenine is an essential substrate for the modification of certain tRNAs; and cell-cycle progression. In this review starting from recent acquired findings on the role that cholesterol and its metabolites fulfill in the contest of cancer cells, we discuss the results of studies focused to investigate the use of statins in order to prevent cancer growth and metastasis.
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Casaburi I, Chimento A, De Luca A, Nocito M, Sculco S, Avena P, Trotta F, Rago V, Sirianni R, Pezzi V. Cholesterol as an Endogenous ERRα Agonist: A New Perspective to Cancer Treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:525. [PMID: 30254608 PMCID: PMC6141749 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are important members of nuclear receptors which contain three isoforms (α, β, and γ). ERRα is the best-characterized isoform expressed mainly in high-energy demanding tissues where it preferentially works in association with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) and PGC-1β. ERRα together with its cofactors modulates cellular metabolism, supports the growth of rapidly dividing cells, directs metabolic programs required for cell differentiation and maintains cellular energy homeostasis in differentiated cells. In cancer cells, the functional association between ERRα and PGC-1s is further influenced by oncogenic signals and induces metabolic programs favoring cell growth and proliferation as well as tumor progression. Recently, cholesterol has been identified as a natural ERRα ligand using a combined biochemical strategy. This new finding highlighted some important physiological aspects related to the use of cholesterol-lowering drugs such as statins and bisphosphonates. Even more meaningful is the link between increased cholesterol levels and certain cancer phenotypes characterized by an overexpressed ERRα such as mammary, prostatic, and colorectal cancers, where the metabolic adaptation affects many cancer processes. Moreover, high-energy demanding cancer-related processes are strictly related to the cross-talk between tumor cells and some key players of tumor microenvironment, such as tumor-associated macrophage that fuels cancer progression. Some evidence suggests that high cholesterol content and ERRα activity favor the inflammatory environment by the production of different cytokines. In this review, starting from the most recent observations on the physiological role of the new signaling activated by the natural ligand of ERRα, we propose a new hypothesis on the suitability to control cholesterol levels as a chance in modulating ERRα activity in those tumors in which its expression and activity are increased.
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Casaburi I, Avena P, De Luca A, Sirianni R, Rago V, Chimento A, Trotta F, Campana C, Rainey WE, Pezzi V. GPER-independent inhibition of adrenocortical cancer growth by G-1 involves ROS/Egr-1/BAX pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:115609-115619. [PMID: 29383185 PMCID: PMC5777797 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that treatment of the H295R adrenocortical cancer cell line with the non-steroidal, high-affinity GPER (G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1) agonist G-1 reduced tumor growth in vitro and in vivo through a GPER independent action. Moreover, we observed that G-1 treatment induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis following a sustained ERK1/2 activation. However, the precise mechanisms causing these effects were not clarified. Starting from our preliminary published results, we performed a microarray study that clearly evidenced a strong and significative up-regulation of EGR-1 gene in H295R cells treated for 24h with micromolar concentration of G-1. The microarray findings were confirmed by RT-PCR and Western-blot analysis as well as by immunofluorescence that revealed a strong nuclear staining for EGR-1 after G-1 treatment. EGR-1 is a point of convergence of many intracellular signaling cascades that control tumor cell growth and proliferation as well as others that relate to cell death machinery. Here we found that the increased Egr-1 expression was a consequence of G-1-mediated ROS-dependent ERK activation that were promptly reversed by the presence of the antioxidant n-acetyl-cysteine. Finally, we observed that silencing EGR-1 gene expression reversed the main effects induced by G-1 in ACC cells, including upregulation of the negative regulator of cell cycle, p21Waf1/Cip1 and the positive regulator of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, BAX, as well as the cell growth inhibition. The identified ROS/MAPK/Egr-1/BAX pathway as a potential off-target effect of the G-1 could be useful in implementing the pharmacological approach for ACC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Casaburi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Paola Avena
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Arianna De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Vittoria Rago
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Francesca Trotta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Carmela Campana
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - William E Rainey
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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21
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Rago V, Romeo F, Giordano F, Malivindi R, Pezzi V, Casaburi I, Carpino A. Expression of oestrogen receptors (GPER, ESR1, ESR2) in human ductuli efferentes and proximal epididymis. Andrology 2017; 6:192-198. [PMID: 29145706 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oestrogen targeting in the human genital ducts is still not well-known. In fact, to date, the localization of oestrogen receptors, ESR1 and ESR2, is controversial and the presence of the membrane oestrogen receptor GPER (G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor) is unexplored. This study has investigated the expression of GPER, ESR1, ESR2 in human ductuli efferentes and proximal caput epididymis by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, the presence of PELP1 (proline-glutamic acid-leucine-rich protein 1), a co-regulator of the oestrogen receptors, was also evaluated. In ductuli efferentes, GPER and ESR1 were clearly localized in all epithelial cells, while ESR2 was evidenced only in ciliated cells. Conversely, the epithelial cells of proximal caput epididymis revealed moderate GPER immunoreactivity, the absence of ERS1 and the occasional presence of ESR2. Furthermore, PELP1 was observed in ciliated cells of ductuli efferentes and in principal cells of proximal caput epididymis. Therefore, this study firstly demonstrated the expression of GPER in human male genital ducts, revealing a new mediator of oestrogen action in these anatomical sites. ESR1 and ESR2 were differentially localized in the two genital tracts together with PELP1, but cell sites of ERs and their co-regulator were not homogeneous. So, a different regional/cellular association of GPER with the classical oestrogen receptors was highlighted, suggesting that oestrogen action could be mediated by GPER, ESR1, ESR2 in ductuli efferentes, while by GPER and, occasionally by ESR2, in proximal caput epididymis. This study suggests that the specific oestrogen-mediated functions in human genital ducts might result from the different local interactions of oestrogens with oestrogen receptors and their co-regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rago
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - F Romeo
- Pathologic Anatomy Unit, Annunziata Hospital, Cosenza, Italy
| | - F Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - R Malivindi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - V Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - I Casaburi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - A Carpino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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22
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Domanico F, Forte G, Majorani C, Senofonte O, Petrucci F, Pezzi V, Alimonti A. Determination of mercury in hair: Comparison between gold amalgamation-atomic absorption spectrometry and mass spectrometry. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 43:3-8. [PMID: 27769745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mercury is a heavy metal that causes serious health problems in exposed subjects. The most toxic form, i.e., methylmercury (MeHg), is mostly excreted through human hair. Numerous analytical methods are available for total Hg analysis in human hair, including cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CV-AFS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and thermal decomposition amalgamation atomic absorption spectrometry (TDA-AAS). The aim of the study was to compare the TDA-AAS with the ICP-MS in the Hg quantification in human hair. After the washing procedure to minimize the external contamination, from each hair sample two aliquots were taken; the first was used for direct analysis of Hg by TDA-AAS and the second was digested for Hg determination by the ICP-MS. Results indicated that the two data sets were fully comparable (median; TDA-AAS, 475ngg-1; ICP-MS, 437ngg-1) and were not statistically different (Mann-Whitney test; p=0.44). The two techniques presented results with a good coefficient of correlation (r=0.94) despite different operative ranges and method limits. Both techniques satisfied internal performance requirements and the parameters for method validation resulting sensitive, precise and reliable. Finally, the use of the TDA-AAS can be considered instead of the ICP-MS in hair analysis in order to reduce sample manipulation with minor risk of contamination, less time consuming due to the absence of the digestion step and cheaper analyses.
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23
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Ruffo M, Parisi OI, Amone F, Malivindi R, Gorgoglione D, De Biasio F, Scrivano L, Pezzi V, Puoci F. Calabrian Goji vs. Chinese Goji: A Comparative Study on Biological Properties. Foods 2017; 6:foods6040030. [PMID: 28394267 PMCID: PMC5409318 DOI: 10.3390/foods6040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum (Goji) fruits are mainly cultivated in northwestern China and are well known for their beneficial and healthy effects. In this work, the biological and functional properties of Calabrian Goji extract, obtained from Goji berries cultivated in the Sibari Plain (in the Italian region of Calabria), were demonstrated. In order to evaluate the use of this extract as a food supplement for cognitive and mental disorders, the quantification of Carotenoids as Zeaxanthin equivalents was made. The antioxidant activity was investigated by evaluating the scavenging properties against 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals and by performing the ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) assay. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation was quantified by bleaching test and the ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase enzyme and to scavenge nitric oxide radical was also evaluated. All the results were compared to those obtained from a Chinese Goji extract used as a reference. Based on the reported data, Calabrian Goji might be used as a food supplement with a possible application in cognitive disorders, mental impairments and other neurodegenerative diseases, due to its biological properties and the high levels of Carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosa Ruffo
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Ortensia Ilaria Parisi
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Fabio Amone
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Domenico Gorgoglione
- Evra s.r.l., Località Galdo Zona Industriale Lotto 20, 85044 Lauria (PZ), Italy.
| | | | - Luca Scrivano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Francesco Puoci
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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24
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Chimento A, Sirianni R, Saturnino C, Caruso A, Sinicropi MS, Pezzi V. Resveratrol and Its Analogs As Antitumoral Agents For Breast Cancer Treatment. Mini Rev Med Chem 2016; 16:699-709. [PMID: 26996623 DOI: 10.2174/1389557516666160321113255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,5,4'-tri-hydroxystilbene) (RSV), a naturally occurring phytoalexin, readily available in the diet, has gained interest as a non-toxic agent capable of displaying cancer-preventing and anti-cancer properties. Several studies, using both in vitro and in vivo models, have illustrated RSV capacity to modulate a multitude of signaling pathways associated with cellular growth and division, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. However, its clinical application is limited because of a low oral bioavailability with high adsorption but rapid metabolism and low tissue concentrations. Several chemical modifications to the backbone structure have been made for the purpose of improving pharmacokinetic parameters. One promising strategy involves the introduction of methoxylic or hydroxylic groups on the phenylic rings of RSV. Moreover, by replacing the alkene linker between the two aromatic rings with a heterocyclic system rigid analogs such as 2,3- thiazolidin-4-ones and 3-chloro-azetidin-2-ones that displayed higher cytotoxic activity and hence higher ability to inhibit in vitro breast cancer cell growth have been synthesized. In vitro studies have demonstrated, for some of these compounds, a greater bioaccessibility than RSV and more selective inhibitory effects on breast cancer cell growth. Further investigations, particularly in vivo, are required as next step to implicate these analogs as pharmacologic agents for a possible clinical anticancer application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
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25
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Freije WA, Pezzi V, Arici A, Carr BR, Rainey WE. Expression of 11β-Hydroxylase (CYP11B1) and Aldosterone Synthase (CYP11B2) in the Human Fetal Adrenal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107155769700400607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruce R. Carr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas; Health Center and Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Aravacata di Rende, Italy; and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - William E. Rainey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas; Health Center and Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Aravacata di Rende, Italy; and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dalls, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235-9032
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26
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Campana C, Rege J, Turcu AF, Pezzi V, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Robins DM, Rainey WE. Development of a novel cell based androgen screening model. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 156:17-22. [PMID: 26581480 PMCID: PMC4748855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) mediates the majority of androgen effects on target cells. The DNA cis-regulatory elements that respond to AR share sequence similarity with cis-regulatory elements for glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid and progesterone receptors (GR, MR and PR, respectively). As a result, many of the current AR screening models are complicated by inaccurate activation of reporters by one of these receptor pathways. Identification of more selective androgen testing systems would be beneficial for clinical, pharmacological and toxicologic screening of AR activators. The present study describes the development of a selective androgen-responsive reporter cell line that expresses AR but does not express GR, MR and PR. CV1 cells were stably transduced to express human AR and an androgen-responsive gaussia luciferase gene. Clonal populations of AR expressing cells were isolated. Quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) and western analysis confirmed stable integration of AR in the most responsive clonal line which was named 'CV1-ARluc'. Stimulation of CV1AR-luc with androgenic ligands (testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone) for 18h caused an increase in luciferase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Other steroid hormones including aldosterone, cortisol, and progesterone did not stimulate luciferase response. The CV1-ARluc also increased luciferase activity when treated with human serum extracts. In conclusion, the CV1-ARluc cells provide a novel model system for screening of new AR agonists and antagonists and can determine the androgenic activity of human serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Campana
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Juilee Rege
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adina F Turcu
- Division of Metabolism, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Celso E Gomez-Sanchez
- Endocrine Section, Department of Medicine, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center and University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA
| | - Diane M Robins
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William E Rainey
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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27
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Chimento A, Saturnino C, Iacopetta D, Mazzotta R, Caruso A, Plutino MR, Mariconda A, Ramunno A, Sinicropi MS, Pezzi V, Longo P. Corrigendum to “Inhibition of human topoisomerase I and II and anti-proliferative effects on MCF-7 cells by new titanocene complexes” [Bioorg. Med. Chem. 23 (2015) 7302–7312]. Bioorg Med Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Ghodsi R, Azizi E, Grazia Ferlin M, Pezzi V, Zarghi A. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4-(Imidazolylmethyl)-2- Aryl-Quinoline Derivatives as Aromatase Inhibitors and Anti-breast Cancer Agents. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2015. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180812666150611185605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Chimento A, Saturnino C, Iacopetta D, Mazzotta R, Caruso A, Plutino MR, Mariconda A, Ramunno A, Sinicropi MS, Pezzi V, Longo P. Inhibition of human topoisomerase I and II and anti-proliferative effects on MCF-7 cells by new titanocene complexes. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7302-12. [PMID: 26526741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The antitumor activity shown by many platinum complexes has produced a strong interest in research of new organometallic compounds having anticancer action. Among the many metal compounds synthesized and tested, those based on titanium have received considerable attention because of their cytotoxic activity against solid tumors. Particularly, new titanocene compounds containing aromatic groups linked to the Cp (cyclopentadienyl ring, C5H5) have been synthetized, such as the titanocene Y (bis-[(p-methoxybenzyl)cyclopentadienyl]titanium dichloride) that displayed promising medium-high cytotoxic activity on breast cancer cell lines. Other titanocene complexes recently synthesized, obtained by replacing the substituent methoxy-aryl of cyclopentadienes of titanocene Y with ethenyl-methoxide or ethenyl-phenoxide, showed increased cytotoxic activity on breast cancer cell lines being more stable compounds. In this paper, we report that new titanocene complexes holding lipophilic groups, for instance a methyl group on benzyl carbon, exhibit improved antiproliferative effect on breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Similar results have been obtained introducing a 5-methoxy naphthyl group to further stabilize the titanocene complexes. These inhibitory effects on breast cancer cells have been ascribed to human topoisomerase I and II inhibition as demonstrated by specific enzymatic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Carmela Saturnino
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Mazzotta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Anna Caruso
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Plutino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Messina and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Vill. S. Agata, Messina, Italy
| | - Annaluisa Mariconda
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Anna Ramunno
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Pasquale Longo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
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30
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Casaburi I, Avena P, De Luca A, Chimento A, Sirianni R, Malivindi R, Rago V, Fiorillo M, Domanico F, Campana C, Cappello AR, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP, Pezzi V. Estrogen related receptor α (ERRα) a promising target for the therapy of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Oncotarget 2015; 6:25135-48. [PMID: 26312764 PMCID: PMC4694820 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of the adrenocortical cancer (ACC) involves integration of molecular signals and the interplay of different downstream pathways (i.e. IGFII/IGF1R, β-catenin, Wnt, ESR1). This tumor is characterized by limited therapeutic options and unsuccessful treatments. A useful strategy to develop an effective therapy for ACC is to identify a common downstream target of these multiple pathways. A good candidate could be the transcription factor estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) because of its ability to regulate energy metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis and signalings related to cancer progression. In this study we tested the effect of ERRα inverse agonist, XCT790, on the proliferation of H295R adrenocortical cancer cell line. Results from in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that XCT790 reduced H295R cell growth. The inhibitory effect was associated with impaired cell cycle progression which was not followed by any apoptotic event. Instead, incomplete autophagy and cell death by a necrotic processes, as a consequence of the cell energy failure, induced by pharmacological reduction of ERRα was evidenced. Our results indicate that therapeutic strategies targeting key factors such as ERRα that control the activity and signaling of bioenergetics processes in high-energy demanding tumors could represent an innovative/alternative therapy for the treatment of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Casaburi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Paola Avena
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Arianna De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Vittoria Rago
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesco Domanico
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Carmela Campana
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
| | - Federica Sotgia
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit and the Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Michael P. Lisanti
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit and the Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy
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31
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De Luca A, Fiorillo M, Peiris-Pagès M, Ozsvari B, Smith DL, Sanchez-Alvarez R, Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Cappello AR, Pezzi V, Lisanti MP, Sotgia F. Mitochondrial biogenesis is required for the anchorage-independent survival and propagation of stem-like cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:14777-95. [PMID: 26087310 PMCID: PMC4558115 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we show that new mitochondrial biogenesis is required for the anchorage independent survival and propagation of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). More specifically, we used the drug XCT790 as an investigational tool, as it functions as a specific inhibitor of the ERRα-PGC1 signaling pathway, which governs mitochondrial biogenesis. Interestingly, our results directly demonstrate that XCT790 efficiently blocks both the survival and propagation of tumor initiating stem-like cells (TICs), using the MCF7 cell line as a model system. Mechanistically, we show that XCT790 suppresses the activity of several independent signaling pathways that are normally required for the survival of CSCs, such as Sonic hedgehog, TGFβ-SMAD, STAT3, and Wnt signaling. We also show that XCT790 markedly reduces oxidative mitochondrial metabolism (OXPHOS) and that XCT790-mediated inhibition of CSC propagation can be prevented or reversed by Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR), a mitochondrial fuel. Consistent with our findings, over-expression of ERRα significantly enhances the efficiency of mammosphere formation, which can be blocked by treatment with mitochondrial inhibitors. Similarly, mammosphere formation augmented by FOXM1, a downstream target of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, can also be blocked by treatment with three different classes of mitochondrial inhibitors (XCT790, oligomycin A, or doxycycline). In this context, our unbiased proteomics analysis reveals that FOXM1 drives the expression of >90 protein targets associated with mitochondrial biogenesis, glycolysis, the EMT and protein synthesis in MCF7 cells, processes which are characteristic of an anabolic CSC phenotype. Finally, doxycycline is an FDA-approved antibiotic, which is very well-tolerated in patients. As such, doxycycline could be re-purposed clinically as a 'safe' mitochondrial inhibitor, to target FOXM1 and mitochondrial biogenesis in CSCs, to prevent tumor recurrence and distant metastasis, thereby avoiding patient relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna De Luca
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
- The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
- The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Maria Peiris-Pagès
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
- The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Bela Ozsvari
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
- The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Duncan L. Smith
- The Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Rosa Sanchez-Alvarez
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
- The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Michael P. Lisanti
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
- The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Federica Sotgia
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
- The Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
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Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR, NR3C4) mediates the majority of androgen effects on target cells. The AR is activated following ligand binding that result is enhanced of target gene transcription. Several cell-based model systems have been developed that allow sensitive detection and monitoring of steroids or other compounds with AR bioactivity. Most cell-based AR reporter models use transgenic gene constructs that include an androgen response element that controls reporter gene expression. The DNA cis-regulatory elements that respond to AR share sequence similarity with cis-regulatory elements for glucocorticoid (GR, NR3C1), mineralocorticoid (MR, NR3C2), and progesterone (PGR, NR3C3) receptors, which has compromised AR selectivity for some models. In recent years, the sensitivity and selectivity of AR bioassays have been significantly improved through careful selection of cell models, utilization of improved reporter genes, and the use of yeast two-hybrid AR systems. This review summarizes and compares the currently available androgen-responsive cell model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Campana
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - William E Rainey
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Albanito L, Lappano R, Madeo A, Chimento A, Prossnitz ER, Cappello AR, Dolce V, Abonante S, Pezzi V, Maggiolini M. Effects of atrazine on estrogen receptor α- and G protein-coupled receptor 30-mediated signaling and proliferation in cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Environ Health Perspect 2015; 123:493-9. [PMID: 25616260 PMCID: PMC4421771 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pesticide atrazine does not bind to or activate the classical estrogen receptor (ER), but it up-regulates the aromatase activity in estrogen-sensitive tumor cells. The G protein estrogen receptor (GPR30/GPER) has been reported to be involved in certain biological responses to endogenous estrogens and environmental compounds exerting estrogen-like activity. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the potential of atrazine to trigger GPER-mediated signaling in cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). METHODS AND RESULTS Using gene reporter assays in diverse types of cancer cells, we found that atrazine did not transactivate endogenous ERα or chimeric proteins that encode the ERα and ERβ hormone binding domains. Conversely, atrazine was able to bind to GPER to induce ERK activation and the expression of estrogen target genes, which, interestingly, appeared to rely on both GPER and ERα expression. As a biological counterpart, atrazine stimulated the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells that depend on GPER and ERα, as evidenced by gene silencing experiments and the use of specific signaling inhibitors. Of note, through GPER, atrazine elicited ERK phosphorylation, gene expression, and migration in CAFs, thus extending its stimulatory role to these main players of the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a novel mechanism through which atrazine may exert relevant biological effects in cancer cells and CAFs. On the basis of our data, atrazine should be included among the environmental contaminants that may elicit estrogenic activity through GPER-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Albanito
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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Cerquetti L, Sampaoli C, De Salvo M, Bucci B, Argese N, Chimento A, Vottari S, Marchese R, Pezzi V, Toscano V, Stigliano A. C-MYC modulation induces responsiveness to paclitaxel in adrenocortical cancer cell lines. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:2231-40. [PMID: 25708932 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
C-MYC is overexpressed in many types of cancer linked to poor prognosis. We examined the c-Myc protein expression in adrenocortical cancer (ACC) cells to investigate the role of this protein in the neoplasm, its involvement in chemotherapy and finally to determine whether c-Myc could be considered a prognostic factor in patients with ACC. H295R and SW13 cell lines were treated with paclitaxel. c-Myc overexpressing cell clones were achieved by transfecting the H295R cell line with the pcDNA3-hMYC plasmid expressing the full-lengh C-MYC coding sequence. The SW13 cell line was transfected with siRNA oligonucleotides for C-MYC. Cell cycle analysis was evaluated by flow cytometry. c-Myc, cyclin B1 and pro caspase expression levels were evaluated by western blot analysis. We found that expression of c-Myc was highly expressed in the SW13 cells, whereas the protein was undetectable in the H295R cells. Different doses of paclitaxel were required in the two ACC cell line to induce a block in the G2 phase, characterized by increased cyclin B1 levels and to induce apoptosis by pro-caspase-3 activation. Interestingly, the silencing of C-MYC mRNA prevented paclitaxel induced apoptosis in SW13 cells, whereas in the H295R cells the overexpression of C-MYC rendered the cells more prone to growth inhibition after paclitaxel exposure. The present study directly demonstrates that C-MYC plays a central role in controlling proliferation in ACC cells after paclitaxel treatment and that c-Myc could be considered as a marker for predicting response to chemotherapeutic agents in ACC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Cerquetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Sampaoli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Argese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Vottari
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Toscano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Stigliano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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De Marco P, Romeo E, Vivacqua A, Malaguarnera R, Abonante S, Romeo F, Pezzi V, Belfiore A, Maggiolini M. GPER1 is regulated by insulin in cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:739-53. [PMID: 25012984 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Elevated insulin levels have been associated with an increased cancer risk as well as with aggressive and metastatic cancer phenotypes characterized by a poor prognosis. Insulin stimulates the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of cancer cells through diverse transduction pathways, including estrogen signaling. As G protein estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) mediates rapid cell responses to estrogens, we evaluated the potential of insulin to regulate GPER1 expression and function in leiomyosarcoma cancer cells (SKUT-1) and breast cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which were used as a model system. We found that insulin transactivates the GPER1 promoter sequence and increases the mRNA and protein expression of GPER1 through the activation of the PRKCD/MAPK1/c-Fos/AP1 transduction pathway, as ascertained by means of specific pharmacological inhibitors and gene-silencing experiments. Moreover, cell migration triggered by insulin occurred through GPER1 and its main target gene CTGF, whereas the insulin-induced expression of GPER1 boosted cell-cycle progression and the glucose uptake stimulated by estrogens. Notably, a positive correlation between insulin serum levels and GPER1 expression was found in cancer fibroblasts obtained from breast cancer patients. Altogether, our data indicate that GPER1 may be included among the complex network of transduction signaling triggered by insulin that drives cells toward cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola De Marco
- Department of PharmacyHealth and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), ItalyRegional HospitalCosenza, ItalyEndocrinologyDepartment of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Enrica Romeo
- Department of PharmacyHealth and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), ItalyRegional HospitalCosenza, ItalyEndocrinologyDepartment of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Adele Vivacqua
- Department of PharmacyHealth and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), ItalyRegional HospitalCosenza, ItalyEndocrinologyDepartment of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Malaguarnera
- Department of PharmacyHealth and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), ItalyRegional HospitalCosenza, ItalyEndocrinologyDepartment of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sergio Abonante
- Department of PharmacyHealth and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), ItalyRegional HospitalCosenza, ItalyEndocrinologyDepartment of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Romeo
- Department of PharmacyHealth and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), ItalyRegional HospitalCosenza, ItalyEndocrinologyDepartment of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of PharmacyHealth and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), ItalyRegional HospitalCosenza, ItalyEndocrinologyDepartment of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Department of PharmacyHealth and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), ItalyRegional HospitalCosenza, ItalyEndocrinologyDepartment of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of PharmacyHealth and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), ItalyRegional HospitalCosenza, ItalyEndocrinologyDepartment of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Pilon C, Urbanet R, Williams TA, Maekawa T, Vettore S, Sirianni R, Pezzi V, Mulatero P, Fassina A, Sasano H, Fallo F. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ inhibits the human H295R cell proliferation by cell cycle arrest: a model for a protective role of vitamin D receptor against adrenocortical cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 140:26-33. [PMID: 24269839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Using the human H295R adrenocortical carcinoma cell line as a model, we analyzed the role of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ [1α,25(OH)₂D₃)]--vitamin D receptor (VDR) axis in the growth of adrenocortical cancer (ACC). The presence of VDR in various adrenocortical tissues, including ACC, was also investigated. DNA synthesis was evaluated by [³H]thymidine cell incorporation after treatment with 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ at increasing doses. The effect of 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ on cell cycle and apoptosis was analyzed with a flow cytometer. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) expression, a molecular marker of G1-S cell cycle transition phase, was evaluated in cells treated with 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ before and after VDR gene silencing. 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ treatment inhibited cell proliferation by 20% at a dose of 1 nM, in parallel with steroid secretion decrease. A cell cycle arrest in G1, with no change in apoptotic cell proportion, was observed after 10 nM 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ cell exposure. CDK4 activation was reduced by 10 nM 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ but was not affected by 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ after VDR gene silencing. Expression of VDR mRNA was lower in ACC than in benign adrenocortical tumors. VDR immunostaining was evident in benign tumors but it was weak in ACC tissues. CONCLUSIONS Slightly supra-physiological concentrations of 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ have a moderate anti-proliferative effect on H295R cells. Anti-proliferative effect was due to cell cycle arrest in G1 phase, without inducing apoptosis. The low mRNA expression levels at qRT-PCR as well as the weak immunohistochemical expression of VDR in ACC, suggests a protective role of VDR against malignant adrenocortical growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Pilon
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Clinica Medica 3 and Cythopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Urbanet
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Clinica Medica 3 and Cythopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tracy A Williams
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Takashi Maekawa
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Silvia Vettore
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Clinica Medica 3 and Cythopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Paolo Mulatero
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ambrogio Fassina
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Clinica Medica 3 and Cythopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Francesco Fallo
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Clinica Medica 3 and Cythopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Chimento A, Sirianni R, Casaburi I, Pezzi V. Role of estrogen receptors and g protein-coupled estrogen receptor in regulation of hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis and spermatogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:1. [PMID: 24474947 PMCID: PMC3893621 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Male reproductive function is under the control of both gonadotropins and androgens through a negative feedback loop that involves the hypothalamus, pituitary, and testis known as hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG). Indeed, estrogens also play an important role in regulating HPG axis but the study on relative contribution to the inhibition of gonadotropins secretion exerted by the amount of estrogens produced within the hypothalamus and/or the pituitary or by the amount of circulating estrogens is still ongoing. Moreover, it is known that the maintenance of spermatogenesis is controlled by gonadotropins and testosterone, the effects of which are modulated by a complex network of locally produced factors, including estrogens. Physiological effects of estrogens are mediated by the classical nuclear estrogen receptor alpha and estrogen receptor beta, which mediate both genomic and rapid signaling events. In addition, estrogens induce rapid non-genomic responses through a membrane-associated G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). Ours and other studies reported that, in the testis, GPER is expressed in both normal germ cells and somatic cells and it is involved in mediating the estrogen action in spermatogenesis controlling proliferative and/or apoptotic events. Interestingly, GPER expression has been revealed also in the hypothalamus and pituitary. However, its role in mediating estrogen rapid actions in this context is under investigation. Recent studies indicate that GPER is involved in modulating gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release as well as gonadotropins secretion. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge concerning the role of estrogen/estrogen receptors molecular pathways in regulating GnRH, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone release at the hypothalamic and pituitary levels in males as well as in controlling specific testicular functions such as spermatogenesis, focusing our attention mainly on estrogen signaling mediated by GPER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Chimento
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosa Sirianni
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Ivan Casaburi
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
- *Correspondence: Vincenzo Pezzi, Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza 87036, Italy e-mail:
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Abstract
Estrogens play important roles in the regulation of testis development and spermatogenesis. Moreover, several evidences suggest that estrogen signaling can be involved in testicular tumorigenesis. The physiological effects of estrogen are mediated by the classical nuclear estrogen receptors ESR1 and 2, which regulate both genomic and rapid signaling events. In the recent years, a member of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor family, GPR30 (GPER), has been identified to promote estrogen action in target cells including testicular cells. Ours and other studies reported that GPER is expressed in normal germ cells (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids), somatic cells (Sertoli and Leydig cells), and it is also involved in mediating estrogen action during spermatogenesis and testis development. In addition, GPER seems to be involved in modulating estrogen-dependent testicular cancer cell growth. However, in this context, the effects of GPER stimulation on cell survival and proliferation appear to be cell type specific. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the functions regulated by estrogens and mediated by GPER in normal and tumor testicular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Chimento
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosa Sirianni
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Ivan Casaburi
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
- *Correspondence: Vincenzo Pezzi, Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza 87036, Italy e-mail:
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Ferlin MG, Carta D, Bortolozzi R, Ghodsi R, Chimento A, Pezzi V, Moro S, Hanke N, Hartmann RW, Basso G, Viola G. Design, Synthesis, and Structure–Activity Relationships of Azolylmethylpyrroloquinolines as Nonsteroidal Aromatase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7536-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400377z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Ferlin
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Carta
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Bortolozzi
- Laboratory
of Oncohematology, Department of Women’s and Children’s
Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Razieh Ghodsi
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 91735, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Adele Chimento
- Department
of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, Calabria, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department
of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, Calabria, Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Nina Hanke
- Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C 2.3, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus C 2.3 P.O., D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Laboratory
of Oncohematology, Department of Women’s and Children’s
Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Laboratory
of Oncohematology, Department of Women’s and Children’s
Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Chimento A, Casaburi I, Rosano C, Avena P, De Luca A, Campana C, Martire E, Santolla MF, Maggiolini M, Pezzi V, Sirianni R. Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol activate GPER/ GPR30-dependent pathways leading to apoptosis of ER-negative SKBR3 breast cancer cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:478-89. [PMID: 24019118 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE We have previously demonstrated that oleuropein (OL) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) reduce 17β-estradiol-mediated proliferation in MCF-7 breast cancer (BC) cells without affecting the classical genomic action of estrogen receptor (ER), but activating instead the ERK1/2 pathway. Here, we hypothesized that this inhibition could be mediated by a G-protein-coupled receptor named GPER/GPR30. Using the ER-negative and GPER-positive SKBR3 BC cells as experimental model, we investigated the effects of OL and HT on GPER-mediated activation of downstream pathways. METHODS AND RESULTS Docking simulations and ligand-binding studies evidenced that OL and HT are able to bind GPER. MTT cell proliferation assays revealed that both phenols reduced SKBR3 cell growth; this effect was abolished silencing GPER. Focusing on OL and HT GPER-mediated pathways, using Western blot analysis we showed a sustained ERK1/2 activation triggering an intrinsic apoptotic pathway. CONCLUSION Showing that OL and HT work as GPER inverse agonists in ER-negative and GPER-positive SKBR3 BC cells, we provide novel insights into the potential of these two molecules as tools in the therapy of this subtype of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
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Lappano R, De Marco P, De Francesco EM, Chimento A, Pezzi V, Maggiolini M. Cross-talk between GPER and growth factor signaling. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:50-6. [PMID: 23542661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and growth factor receptors mediate multiple physio-pathological responses to a diverse array of extracellular stimuli. In this regard, it has been largely demonstrated that GPCRs and growth factor receptors generate a multifaceted signaling network, which triggers relevant biological effects in normal and cancer cells. For instance, some GPCRs transactivate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which stimulates diverse transduction pathways leading to gene expression changes, cell migration, survival and proliferation. Moreover, it has been reported that a functional interaction between growth factor receptors and steroid hormones like estrogens is involved in the growth of many types of tumors as well as in the resistance to endocrine therapy. This review highlights recent findings on the cross-talk between a member of the GPCR family, the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER, formerly known as GPR30) and two main growth factor receptors like EGFR and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR). The biological implications of the functional interaction between these important mediators of cell responses particularly in cancer are discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'CSR 2013'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Lappano
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Biologico, Università della Calabria, via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Pupo M, Vivacqua A, Perrotta I, Pisano A, Aquila S, Abonante S, Gasperi-Campani A, Pezzi V, Maggiolini M. The nuclear localization signal is required for nuclear GPER translocation and function in breast Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 376:23-32. [PMID: 23748028 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) actively contribute to the growth and invasion of cancer cells. In recent years, the G protein estrogen receptor (GPER) has been largely involved in the estrogenic signals in diverse types of normal and tumor cells. In CAFs, GPER was localized into the nucleus, however the molecular mechanisms which regulate its nuclear shuttle remain to be clarified. In the present study, we demonstrate that in breast CAFs GPER translocates into the nucleus through an importin-dependent mechanism. Moreover, we show that a nuclear localization signal is involved in the nuclear import of GPER, in the up-regulation of its target genes c-fos and CTGF and in the migration of CAFs induced by estrogens. Our data provide novel insights into the nuclear localization and function of GPER in CAFs toward a better understanding of the estrogen action elicited through these key players of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pupo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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Marrelli M, Cachet X, Conforti F, Sirianni R, Chimento A, Pezzi V, Michel S, Statti GA, Menichini F. Synthesis of a new bis(indolyl)methane that inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Nat Prod Res 2013; 27:2039-45. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.824440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Marrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, I-87036, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Xavier Cachet
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, UMR 8638 CNRS, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, I-87036, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, I-87036, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, I-87036, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, I-87036, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Sylvie Michel
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, UMR 8638 CNRS, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Giancarlo A. Statti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, I-87036, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Francesco Menichini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, I-87036, Rende (CS), Italy
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Sala M, Chimento A, Saturnino C, Gomez-Monterrey IM, Musella S, Bertamino A, Milite C, Sinicropi MS, Caruso A, Sirianni R, Tortorella P, Novellino E, Campiglia P, Pezzi V. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity evaluation of 2,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives on human breast cancer cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4990-5. [PMID: 23860590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that resveratrol (RSV) displayed cancer-preventing and anticancer properties but its clinical application is limited because of a low bioavailability and a rapid clearance from the circulation. Aim of this work was to synthesize pharmacologically active resveratrol analogs with an enhanced structural rigidity and bioavailability. In particular, we have synthesized a library of 2,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives in which a thiazolidinone nucleus connects two aromatic rings. Some of these compounds showed strong inhibitory effects on breast cancer cell growth. Our results indicate that some of thiazolidin-based resveratrol derivatives may become a new potent alternative tool for the treatment of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Division of Biomedicine, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy
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Sirianni R, Zolea F, Chimento A, Ruggiero C, Cerquetti L, Fallo F, Pilon C, Arnaldi G, Carpinelli G, Stigliano A, Pezzi V. Targeting estrogen receptor-α reduces adrenocortical cancer (ACC) cell growth in vitro and in vivo: potential therapeutic role of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for ACC treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E2238-50. [PMID: 23074235 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-2374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor with a very poor prognosis and no effective treatment. ACC is characterized by an increased production of IGF-II and by estrogen receptor (ER)-α up-regulation. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to define the role played by ERα in 17β-estradiol (E2)- and IGF-II-dependent ACC growth and evaluate whether selective estrogen receptor modulators are effective in controlling ACC growth in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The human adrenocortical cell line H295R was used as an in vitro model and to generate xenograft tumors in athymic nude mice. RESULTS In H295R cells IGF-II controlled expression of steroidogenic factor-1 that, in turn, increased aromatase transcription and, consequently, estrogen production, inducing cell proliferation. ERα silencing significantly blocked E2- and IGF-II-dependent cell proliferation. This effect was dependent on the regulation of cyclin D1 expression by ERα, activated in response to both E2 and IGF-II. In fact, IGF-II induced ERα activation by phosphorylating serine 118 and 167. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ERα mediated E2-induced nongenomic signaling that stimulated IGF-I receptor (IGF1R), ERK1/2, and AKT phosphorylation, resulting in a ligand-independent activation of the IGF1R-induced pathway. In addition, E2 potentiated this pathway by up-regulating IGF1R expression as a consequence of increased cAMP-responsive element binding protein activation and binding to IGF1R promoter. The estrogen antagonist, hydroxytamoxifen, the active metabolite of tamoxifen, reduced IGF1R protein levels and both E2- and IGF-II-induced cell proliferation. Moreover, H295R xenograft growth was strongly reduced by tamoxifen. CONCLUSION These findings establish a critical role for ERα in E2- and IGF-II-dependent ACC proliferation and provide a rationale for targeting ERα to control the proliferation of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology Edificio Polifunzionale, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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Casaburi I, Puoci F, Chimento A, Sirianni R, Ruggiero C, Avena P, Pezzi V. Potential of olive oil phenols as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents against cancer: A review of in vitro studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Casaburi
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Calabria; Italy
| | - Francesco Puoci
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Calabria; Italy
| | - Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Calabria; Italy
| | - Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Calabria; Italy
| | - Carmen Ruggiero
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Calabria; Italy
| | - Paola Avena
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Calabria; Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Calabria; Italy
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Sirianni R, Capparelli C, Chimento A, Panza S, Catalano S, Lanzino M, Pezzi V, Andò S. Nandrolone and stanozolol upregulate aromatase expression and further increase IGF-I-dependent effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 363:100-10. [PMID: 22906881 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Several doping agents, such as anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and peptide hormones like insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), are employed without considering the potential deleterious effects that they can cause. In addition, androgens are used in postmenopausal women as replacement therapy. However, there are no clear guidelines regarding the optimal therapeutic doses of androgens or long-term safety data. In this study we aimed to determine if two commonly used AAS, nandrolone and stanozolol, alone or in combination with IGF-I, could activate signaling involved in breast cancer cell proliferation. Using a human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, as an experimental model we found that both nandrolone and stanozolol caused a dose-dependent induction of aromatase expression and, consequently, estradiol production. Moreover, when nandrolone and stanozolol were combined with IGF-I, higher induction in aromatase expression was observed. This increase involved phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and phospholipase C (PLC)/protein kinase C (PKC), which are part of IGF-I transductional pathways. Specifically, both AAS were able to activate membrane rapid signaling involving IGF-I receptor, extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and AKT, after binding to estrogen receptor (ER), as confirmed by the ability of the ER antagonist ICI182, 780 to block such activation. The estrogenic activity of nandrolone and stanozolol was further confirmed by their capacity to induce the expression of the ER-regulated gene, CCND1 encoding for the cell cycle regulator cyclin D1, which represents a key protein for the control of breast cancer cell proliferation. In fact, when nandrolone and stanozolol were combined with IGF-I, they increased cell proliferation to levels higher than those elicited by the single factors. Taken together these data clearly indicate that the use of high doses of AAS, as occurs in doping practice, may increase the risk of breast cancer. This potential risk is higher when AAS are used in association with IGF-I. To our knowledge this is the first report directly associating AAS with this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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Chimento A, Sirianni R, Casaburi I, Ruggiero C, Maggiolini M, Andò S, Pezzi V. 17β-Estradiol activates GPER- and ESR1-dependent pathways inducing apoptosis in GC-2 cells, a mouse spermatocyte-derived cell line. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 355:49-59. [PMID: 22306083 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, spontaneous apoptosis is observed particularly in differentiating spermatogonia and in spermatocytes. 17β-Estradiol (E2) in primary rat pachytene spermatocytes (PS) binds estrogen receptor α (ESR1) and GPER to activate EGFR/ERK/c-Jun pathway leading to up regulation of proapoptotic factor bax. Aim of this study was to clarify the effector pathway(s) controlling spermatocytes apoptosis using as model GC-2 cells, an immortalized mouse pachytene spermatocyte-derived cell line, which reproduces primary cells responses to E2. In fact, in GC-2 cells we observed that ESR1 and GPER activation caused rapid ERK and c-Jun phosphorylation, bax up-regulation, events associated with apoptosis. We further investigated the apoptotic mechanism demonstrating that E2, as well as ESR1 and GPER specific agonists, induced sustained ERK, c-Jun and p38 phosphorylation, Cytochrome c release, caspase 3 and endogenous substrate Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation and increased expression of cell cycle inhibitor p21. When ESR1 or GPER expression was silenced, E2 was still able to decrease cell proliferation, only the concomitant silencing abolished E2 effect. These results indicate that GC-2 cells are a valid cell model to study E2-dependent apoptosis in spermatocytes and show that E2, activating both ESR1 and GPER, is able to induce an ERK1/2, c-Jun and p38-dependent mitochondrion apoptotic pathway in this cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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Chimento A, Sirianni R, Zolea F, De Luca A, Lanzino M, Catalano S, Andò S, Pezzi V. Nandrolone and stanozolol induce Leydig cell tumor proliferation through an estrogen-dependent mechanism involving IGF-I system. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:2079-88. [PMID: 21769864 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Several substances such as anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), peptide hormones like insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), aromatase inhibitors and estrogen antagonists are offered via the Internet, and are assumed without considering the potential deleterious effects that can be caused by their administration. In this study we aimed to determine if nandrolone and stanozolol, two commonly used AAS, could have an effect on Leydig cell tumor proliferation and if their effects could be potentiated by the concomitant use of IGF-I. Using a rat Leydig tumor cell line, R2C cells, as experimental model we found that nandrolone and stanozolol caused a dose-dependent induction of aromatase expression and estradiol (E2) production. When used in combination with IGF-I they were more effective than single molecules in inducing aromatase expression. AAS exhibited estrogenic activity and induced rapid estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent pathways involving IGF1R, AKT, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Inhibitors for these kinases decreased AAS-dependent aromatase expression. Up-regulated aromatase levels and related E2 production increased cell proliferation as a consequence of increased cyclin E expression. The observation that ER antagonist ICI182,780 was also able to significantly reduce ASS- and AAS + IGF-induced cell proliferation, confirmed a role for estrogens in AAS-dependent proliferative effects. Taken together these data clearly indicate that the use of high doses of AAS, as it occurs in doping practice, enhances Leydig cell proliferation, increasing the risk of tumor development. This risk is higher when AAS are used in association with IGF-I. To our knowledge this is the first report directly associating AAS and testicular cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
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Caruso A, Chimento A, El-Kashef H, Lancelot JC, Panno A, Pezzi V, Saturnino C, Sinicropi MS, Sirianni R, Rault S. Antiproliferative activity of some 1,4-dimethylcarbazoles on cells that express estrogen receptors: part I. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 27:609-13. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.603132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Caruso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria,
Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Calabria,
Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Hussein El-Kashef
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University,
Assiut, Egypt
| | - Jean-Charles Lancelot
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, Boulevard Becquerel,
Caen Cedex, France
| | - Antonella Panno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria,
Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Calabria,
Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Carmela Saturnino
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno,
Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | | | - Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Calabria,
Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Sylvain Rault
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, Boulevard Becquerel,
Caen Cedex, France
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