1
|
Protti M, Cirrincione M, Palano S, Poeta E, Babini G, Magnifico MC, Barile SN, Balboni N, Massenzio F, Mahdavijalal M, Giorgi FM, Mandrioli R, Lasorsa FM, Monti B, Mercolini L. Targeted quantitative metabolic profiling of brain-derived cell cultures by semi-automated MEPS and LC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115757. [PMID: 37801818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The accurate characterisation of metabolic profiles is an important prerequisite to determine the rate and the efficiency of the metabolic pathways taking place in the cells. Changes in the balance of metabolites involved in vital processes such as glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), as well as in the biochemical pathways related to amino acids, lipids, nucleotides, and their precursors reflect the physiological condition of the cells and may contribute to the development of various human diseases. The feasible and reliable measurement of a wide array of metabolites and biomarkers possesses great potential to elucidate physiological and pathological mechanisms, aid preclinical drug development and highlight potential therapeutic targets. An effective, straightforward, sensitive, and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach was developed for the simultaneous quali-quantitative analysis of 41 compounds in both cell pellet and cell growth medium obtained from brain-derived cell cultures. Sample pretreatment miniaturisation was achieved thanks to the development and optimisation of an original extraction/purification approach based on digitally programmed microextraction by packed sorbent (eVol®-MEPS). MEPS allows satisfactory and reproducible clean-up and preconcentration of both low-volume homogenate cell pellet lysate and cell growth medium with advantages including, but not limited to, minimal sample handling and method sustainability in terms of sample, solvents, and energy consumption. The MEPS-LC-MS/MS method showed good sensitivity, selectivity, linearity, and precision. As a proof of concept, the developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of both cell pellet and cell growth medium obtained from a line of mouse immortalised oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs; Oli-neu cell line), leading to the unambiguous determination of all the considered target analytes. This method is thus expected to be suitable for targeted, quantitative metabolic profiling in most brain cell models, thus allowing accurate investigations on the biochemical pathways that can be altered in central nervous system (CNS) neuropathologies, including e.g., mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, or use of specific nutrients for growth and proliferation, or lipid, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Protti
- Research group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Cirrincione
- Research group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sarah Palano
- Research group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Poeta
- Cellular Neurobiology Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Babini
- Cellular Neurobiology Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Magnifico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Nicole Barile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Balboni
- Cellular Neurobiology Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Massenzio
- Cellular Neurobiology Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mohammadreza Mahdavijalal
- Research group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico M Giorgi
- Computational Genomics Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Mandrioli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Francesco M Lasorsa
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Giovanni Amendola 122, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara Monti
- Cellular Neurobiology Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Research group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Negri A, Ward C, Bucci A, D'Angelo G, Cauchy P, Radesco A, Ventura AB, Walton DS, Clarke M, Mandriani B, Pappagallo SA, Mondelli P, Liao K, Gargano G, Zaccaria GM, Viggiano L, Lasorsa FM, Ahmed A, Di Molfetta D, Fiermonte G, Cives M, Guarini A, Vegliante MC, Ciavarella S, Frampton J, Volpe G. Reversal of MYB-dependent suppression of MAFB expression overrides leukaemia phenotype in MLL-rearranged AML. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:763. [PMID: 37996430 PMCID: PMC10667525 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor MYB plays a pivotal role in haematopoietic homoeostasis and its aberrant expression is involved in the genesis and maintenance of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We have previously demonstrated that not all AML subtypes display the same dependency on MYB expression and that such variability is dictated by the nature of the driver mutation. However, whether this difference in MYB dependency is a general trend in AML remains to be further elucidated. Here, we investigate the role of MYB in human leukaemia by performing siRNA-mediated knock-down in cell line models of AML with different driver lesions. We show that the characteristic reduction in proliferation and the concomitant induction of myeloid differentiation that is observed in MLL-rearranged and t(8;21) leukaemias upon MYB suppression is not seen in AML cells with a complex karyotype. Transcriptome analyses revealed that MYB ablation produces consensual increase of MAFB expression in MYB-dependent cells and, interestingly, the ectopic expression of MAFB could phenocopy the effect of MYB suppression. Accordingly, in silico stratification analyses of molecular data from AML patients revealed a reciprocal relationship between MYB and MAFB expression, highlighting a novel biological interconnection between these two factors in AML and supporting new rationales of MAFB targeting in MLL-rearranged leukaemias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Negri
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - C Ward
- Edge Impulse Inc., San Jose, CA, USA
| | - A Bucci
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - G D'Angelo
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - P Cauchy
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Radesco
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - A B Ventura
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - D S Walton
- Clent Life Sciences, DY84HD, Stourbridge, UK
| | - M Clarke
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - B Mandriani
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - S A Pappagallo
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - P Mondelli
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - K Liao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - G Gargano
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - G M Zaccaria
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - L Viggiano
- Department of Biology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - F M Lasorsa
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - A Ahmed
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - D Di Molfetta
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - G Fiermonte
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - M Cives
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - A Guarini
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - M C Vegliante
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - S Ciavarella
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - J Frampton
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT, Birmingham, UK.
| | - G Volpe
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shahroor MA, Lasorsa FM, Porcelli V, Dweikat I, Di Noia MA, Gur M, Agostino G, Shaag A, Rinaldi T, Gasparre G, Guerra F, Castegna A, Todisco S, Abu-Libdeh B, Elpeleg O, Palmieri L. PNC2 (SLC25A36) Deficiency Associated With the Hyperinsulinism/Hyperammonemia Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:1346-1356. [PMID: 34971397 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia (HI/HA) syndrome, the second-most common form of congenital hyperinsulinism, has been associated with dominant mutations in GLUD1, coding for the mitochondrial enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase, that increase enzyme activity by reducing its sensitivity to allosteric inhibition by GTP. OBJECTIVE To identify the underlying genetic etiology in 2 siblings who presented with the biochemical features of HI/HA syndrome but did not carry pathogenic variants in GLUD1, and to determine the functional impact of the newly identified mutation. METHODS The patients were investigated by whole exome sequencing. Yeast complementation studies and biochemical assays on the recombinant mutated protein were performed. The consequences of stable slc25a36 silencing in HeLa cells were also investigated. RESULTS A homozygous splice site variant was identified in solute carrier family 25, member 36 (SLC25A36), encoding the pyrimidine nucleotide carrier 2 (PNC2), a mitochondrial nucleotide carrier that transports pyrimidine as well as guanine nucleotides across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The mutation leads to a 26-aa in-frame deletion in the first repeat domain of the protein, which abolishes transport activity. Furthermore, knockdown of slc25a36 expression in HeLa cells caused a marked reduction in the mitochondrial GTP content, which likely leads to a hyperactivation of glutamate dehydrogenase in our patients. CONCLUSION We report for the first time a mutation in PNC2/SLC25A36 leading to HI/HA and provide functional evidence of the molecular mechanism responsible for this phenotype. Our findings underscore the importance of mitochondrial nucleotide metabolism and expand the role of mitochondrial transporters in insulin secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maher A Shahroor
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Al Makassed Hospital and Al-Quds University, 95908 Jerusalem, Palestine
- Department of Neonatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, M4N 3M5 Toronto, Canada
| | - Francesco M Lasorsa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Porcelli
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Imad Dweikat
- Metabolic Unit, An-Najah National University, P467 Nablus, Palestine
| | - Maria Antonietta Di Noia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Michal Gur
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Giulia Agostino
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Avraham Shaag
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Teresa Rinaldi
- Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Unit of Medical Genetics and Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Unit of Medical Genetics and Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Castegna
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Todisco
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Bassam Abu-Libdeh
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Al Makassed Hospital and Al-Quds University, 95908 Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, 70125 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Raho S, Capobianco L, Malivindi R, Vozza A, Piazzolla C, De Leonardis F, Gorgoglione R, Scarcia P, Pezzuto F, Agrimi G, Barile SN, Pisano I, Reshkin SJ, Greco MR, Cardone RA, Rago V, Li Y, Marobbio CMT, Sommergruber W, Riley CL, Lasorsa FM, Mills E, Vegliante MC, De Benedetto GE, Fratantonio D, Palmieri L, Dolce V, Fiermonte G. KRAS-regulated glutamine metabolism requires UCP2-mediated aspartate transport to support pancreatic cancer growth. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1373-1381. [PMID: 33230296 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The oncogenic KRAS mutation has a critical role in the initiation of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) since it rewires glutamine metabolism to increase reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) production, balancing cellular redox homeostasis with macromolecular synthesis1,2. Mitochondrial glutamine-derived aspartate must be transported into the cytosol to generate metabolic precursors for NADPH production2. The mitochondrial transporter responsible for this aspartate efflux has remained elusive. Here, we show that mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) catalyses this transport and promotes tumour growth. UCP2-silenced KRASmut cell lines display decreased glutaminolysis, lower NADPH/NADP+ and glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratios and higher reactive oxygen species levels compared to wild-type counterparts. UCP2 silencing reduces glutaminolysis also in KRASWT PDAC cells but does not affect their redox homeostasis or proliferation rates. In vitro and in vivo, UCP2 silencing strongly suppresses KRASmut PDAC cell growth. Collectively, these results demonstrate that UCP2 plays a vital role in PDAC, since its aspartate transport activity connects the mitochondrial and cytosolic reactions necessary for KRASmut rewired glutamine metabolism2, and thus it should be considered a key metabolic target for the treatment of this refractory tumour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Raho
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Loredana Capobianco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Angelo Vozza
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Carmela Piazzolla
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco De Leonardis
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Gorgoglione
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Scarcia
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Pezzuto
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Gennaro Agrimi
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona N Barile
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Isabella Pisano
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Stephan J Reshkin
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria R Greco
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa A Cardone
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vittoria Rago
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Faculty of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, China
| | - Carlo M T Marobbio
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco M Lasorsa
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Edward Mills
- Division of Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Maria C Vegliante
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere scientifico-Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | | | - Deborah Fratantonio
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolce
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Fiermonte
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Trotta F, Avena P, Chimento A, Rago V, De Luca A, Sculco S, Nocito MC, Malivindi R, Fallo F, Pezzani R, Pilon C, Lasorsa FM, Barile SN, Palmieri L, Lerario AM, Pezzi V, Casaburi I, Sirianni R. Statins Reduce Intratumor Cholesterol Affecting Adrenocortical Cancer Growth. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1909-1921. [PMID: 32546662 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitotane causes hypercholesterolemia in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). We suppose that cholesterol increases within the tumor and can be used to activate proliferative pathways. In this study, we used statins to decrease intratumor cholesterol and investigated the effects on ACC growth related to estrogen receptor α (ERα) action at the nuclear and mitochondrial levels. We first used microarray to investigate mitotane effect on genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis and evaluated their relationship with patients' survival in ACC TCGA. We then blocked cholesterol synthesis with simvastatin and determined the effects on H295R cell proliferation, estradiol production, and ERα activity in vitro and in xenograft tumors. We found that mitotane increases intratumor cholesterol content and expression of genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis, among them INSIG, whose expression affects patients' survival. Treatment of H295R cells with simvastatin to block cholesterol synthesis decreased cellular cholesterol content, and this affected cell viability. Simvastatin reduced estradiol production and decreased nuclear and mitochondrial ERα function. A mitochondrial target of ERα, the respiratory complex IV (COXIV), was reduced after simvastatin treatment, which profoundly affected mitochondrial respiration activating apoptosis. Additionally, simvastatin reduced tumor volume and weight of grafted H295R cells, intratumor cholesterol content, Ki-67 and ERα, COXIV expression and activity and increase terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells. Collectively, these data demonstrate that a reduction in intratumor cholesterol content prevents estradiol production and inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain-inducing apoptosis in ACC cells. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by simvastatin represents a novel strategy to counteract ACC growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Trotta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Paola Avena
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Vittoria Rago
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Arianna De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sara Sculco
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marta C Nocito
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Fallo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Catia Pilon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco M Lasorsa
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, and CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona N Barile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, and CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, and CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio M Lerario
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Ivan Casaburi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Punzi G, Porcelli V, Ruggiu M, Hossain MF, Menga A, Scarcia P, Castegna A, Gorgoglione R, Pierri CL, Laera L, Lasorsa FM, Paradies E, Pisano I, Marobbio CMT, Lamantea E, Ghezzi D, Tiranti V, Giannattasio S, Donati MA, Guerrini R, Palmieri L, Palmieri F, De Grassi A. SLC25A10 biallelic mutations in intractable epileptic encephalopathy with complex I deficiency. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:499-504. [PMID: 29211846 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a plethora of inherited neuromuscular disorders sharing defects in mitochondrial respiration, but largely different from one another for genetic basis and pathogenic mechanism. Whole exome sequencing was performed in a familiar trio (trio-WES) with a child affected by severe epileptic encephalopathy associated with respiratory complex I deficiency and mitochondrial DNA depletion in skeletal muscle. By trio-WES we identified biallelic mutations in SLC25A10, a nuclear gene encoding a member of the mitochondrial carrier family. Genetic and functional analyses conducted on patient fibroblasts showed that SLC25A10 mutations are associated with reduction in RNA quantity and aberrant RNA splicing, and to absence of SLC25A10 protein and its transporting function. The yeast SLC25A10 ortholog knockout strain showed defects in mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial DNA content, similarly to what observed in the patient skeletal muscle, and growth susceptibility to oxidative stress. Albeit patient fibroblasts were depleted in the main antioxidant molecules NADPH and glutathione, transport assays demonstrated that SLC25A10 is unable to transport glutathione. Here, we report the first recessive mutations of SLC25A10 associated to an inherited severe mitochondrial neurodegenerative disorder. We propose that SLC25A10 loss-of-function causes pathological disarrangements in respiratory-demanding conditions and oxidative stress vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Punzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Porcelli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Ruggiu
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Md F Hossain
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Alessio Menga
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Scarcia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Castegna
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Gorgoglione
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ciro L Pierri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Luna Laera
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy.,Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, CNR, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco M Lasorsa
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, CNR, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Paradies
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, CNR, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Isabella Pisano
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo M T Marobbio
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lamantea
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Institute of Neurology "C. Besta", 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Institute of Neurology "C. Besta", 20126 Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Institute of Neurology "C. Besta", 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Giannattasio
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, CNR, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria A Donati
- Department of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital "A. Meyer", 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Department of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital "A. Meyer", 50139 Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy.,Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, CNR, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy.,Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, CNR, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna De Grassi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shelton GD, Minor KM, Li K, Naviaux JC, Monk J, Wang L, Guzik E, Guo LT, Porcelli V, Gorgoglione R, Lasorsa FM, Leegwater PJ, Persico AM, Mickelson JR, Palmieri L, Naviaux RK. A Mutation in the Mitochondrial Aspartate/Glutamate Carrier Leads to a More Oxidizing Intramitochondrial Environment and an Inflammatory Myopathy in Dutch Shepherd Dogs. J Neuromuscul Dis 2019; 6:485-501. [PMID: 31594244 PMCID: PMC6918910 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-190421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory myopathies are characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells into muscle. Typically, immune-mediated disorders such as polymyositis, dermatomyositis and inclusion body myositis are diagnosed. OBJECTIVE A small family of dogs with early onset muscle weakness and inflammatory muscle biopsies were investigated for an underlying genetic cause. METHODS Following the histopathological diagnosis of inflammatory myopathy, mutational analysis including whole genome sequencing, functional transport studies of the mutated and wild-type proteins, and metabolomic analysis were performed. RESULTS Whole genome resequencing identified a pathological variant in the SLC25A12 gene, resulting in a leucine to proline substitution at amino acid 349 in the mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate transporter known as the neuron and muscle specific aspartate glutamate carrier 1 (AGC1). Functionally reconstituting recombinant wild-type and mutant AGC1 into liposomes demonstrated a dramatic decrease in AGC1 transport activity and inability to transfer reducing equivalents from the cytosol into mitochondria. Targeted, broad-spectrum metabolomic analysis from affected and control muscles demonstrated a proinflammatory milieu and strong support for oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first description of a metabolic mechanism in which ablated mitochondrial glutamate transport markedly reduced the import of reducing equivalents into mitochondria and produced a highly oxidizing and proinflammatory muscle environment and an inflammatory myopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katie M. Minor
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Kefeng Li
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jane C. Naviaux
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jon Monk
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Guzik
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Ling T. Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vito Porcelli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Gorgoglione
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco M. Lasorsa
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Peter J. Leegwater
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio M. Persico
- Interdepartmental Program “Autism 0–90”, “G. Martino” Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - James R. Mickelson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Robert K. Naviaux
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Goubert E, Mircheva Y, Lasorsa FM, Melon C, Profilo E, Sutera J, Becq H, Palmieri F, Palmieri L, Aniksztejn L, Molinari F. Inhibition of the Mitochondrial Glutamate Carrier SLC25A22 in Astrocytes Leads to Intracellular Glutamate Accumulation. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:149. [PMID: 28620281 PMCID: PMC5449474 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The solute carrier family 25 (SLC25) drives the import of a large diversity of metabolites into mitochondria, a key cellular structure involved in many metabolic functions. Mutations of the mitochondrial glutamate carrier SLC25A22 (also named GC1) have been identified in early epileptic encephalopathy (EEE) and migrating partial seizures in infancy (MPSI) but the pathophysiological mechanism of GC1 deficiency is still unknown, hampered by the absence of an in vivo model. This carrier is mainly expressed in astrocytes and is the principal gate for glutamate entry into mitochondria. A sufficient supply of energy is essential for the proper function of the brain and mitochondria have a pivotal role in maintaining energy homeostasis. In this work, we wanted to study the consequences of GC1 absence in an in vitro model in order to understand if glutamate catabolism and/or mitochondrial function could be affected. First, short hairpin RNA (shRNA) designed to specifically silence GC1 were validated in rat C6 glioma cells. Silencing GC1 in C6 resulted in a reduction of the GC1 mRNA combined with a decrease of the mitochondrial glutamate carrier activity. Then, primary astrocyte cultures were prepared and transfected with shRNA-GC1 or mismatch-RNA (mmRNA) constructs using the Neon® Transfection System in order to target a high number of primary astrocytes, more than 64%. Silencing GC1 in primary astrocytes resulted in a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (Phosphate) (NAD(P)H) formation upon glutamate stimulation. We also observed that the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) was functional after glucose stimulation but not activated by glutamate, resulting in a lower level of cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in silenced astrocytes compared to control cells. Moreover, GC1 inactivation resulted in an intracellular glutamate accumulation. Our results show that mitochondrial glutamate transport via GC1 is important in sustaining glutamate homeostasis in astrocytes. Main Points:The mitochondrial respiratory chain is functional in absence of GC1 Lack of glutamate oxidation results in a lower global ATP level Lack of mitochondrial glutamate transport results in intracellular glutamate accumulation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanina Mircheva
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille UniversitéMarseille, France.,Centre De Recherche De L'Institut Universitaire En Santé Mentale de QuébecQuebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Francesco M Lasorsa
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, and CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular BiotechnologiesBari, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Profilo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, and CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular BiotechnologiesBari, Italy
| | - Julie Sutera
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille UniversitéMarseille, France
| | - Hélène Becq
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille UniversitéMarseille, France
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, and CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular BiotechnologiesBari, Italy
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, and CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular BiotechnologiesBari, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rimessi A, Bonora M, Marchi S, Patergnani S, Marobbio CMT, Lasorsa FM, Pinton P. Perturbed mitochondrial Ca2+signals as causes or consequences of mitophagy induction. Autophagy 2014; 9:1677-86. [DOI: 10.4161/auto.24795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
|
10
|
Falk MJ, Li D, Gai X, McCormick E, Place E, Lasorsa FM, Otieno FG, Hou C, Kim CE, Abdel-Magid N, Vazquez L, Mentch FD, Chiavacci R, Liang J, Liu X, Jiang H, Giannuzzi G, Marsh ED, Yiran G, Tian L, Palmieri F, Hakonarson H. AGC1 Deficiency Causes Infantile Epilepsy, Abnormal Myelination, and Reduced N-Acetylaspartate. JIMD Rep 2014; 14:77-85. [PMID: 24515575 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2013_287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole exome sequencing (WES) offers a powerful diagnostic tool to rapidly and efficiently sequence all coding genes in individuals presenting for consideration of phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous disorders such as suspected mitochondrial disease. Here, we report results of WES and functional validation in a consanguineous Indian kindred where two siblings presented with profound developmental delay, congenital hypotonia, refractory epilepsy, abnormal myelination, fluctuating basal ganglia changes, cerebral atrophy, and reduced N-acetylaspartate (NAA). METHODS Whole blood DNA from one affected and one unaffected sibling was captured by Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon kit and sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq2000. Mutations were validated by Sanger sequencing in all family members. Protein from wild-type and mutant fibroblasts was isolated to assess mutation effects on protein expression and enzyme activity. RESULTS A novel SLC25A12 homozygous missense mutation, c.1058G>A; p.Arg353Gln, segregated with disease in this kindred. SLC25A12 encodes the neuronal aspartate-glutamate carrier 1 (AGC1) protein, an essential component of the neuronal malate/aspartate shuttle that transfers NADH and H(+) reducing equivalents from the cytosol to mitochondria. AGC1 activity enables neuronal export of aspartate, the glial substrate necessary for proper neuronal myelination. Recombinant mutant p.Arg353Gln AGC1 activity was reduced to 15% of wild type. One prior reported SLC25A12 mutation caused complete loss of AGC1 activity in a child with epilepsy, hypotonia, hypomyelination, and reduced brain NAA. CONCLUSIONS These data strongly suggest that SLC25A12 disease impairs neuronal AGC1 activity. SLC25A12 sequencing should be considered in children with infantile epilepsy, congenital hypotonia, global delay, abnormal myelination, and reduced brain NAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marni J Falk
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ostuni A, Lara P, Armentano MF, Miglionico R, Salvia AM, Mönnich M, Carmosino M, Lasorsa FM, Monné M, Nilsson I, Bisaccia F. The hepatitis B x antigen anti-apoptotic effector URG7 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:3058-62. [PMID: 23912081 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B x antigen up-regulates the liver expression of URG7 that contributes to sustain chronic virus infection and to increase the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma by its anti-apoptotic activity. We have investigated the subcellular localization of URG7 expressed in HepG2 cells and determined its membrane topology by glycosylation mapping in vitro. The results demonstrate that URG7 is N-glycosylated and located to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane with an Nlumen-Ccytosol orientation. The results imply that the anti-apoptotic effect of URG7 could arise from the C-terminal cytosolic tail binding a pro-apoptotic signaling factor and retaining it to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ostuni
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Marobbio CMT, Pisano I, Porcelli V, Lasorsa FM, Palmieri L. Rapamycin reduces oxidative stress in frataxin-deficient yeast cells. Mitochondrion 2012; 12:156-61. [PMID: 21782979 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a common form of ataxia caused by decreased expression of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Oxidative damage of mitochondria is thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Therefore, a possible therapeutic strategy should be directed to an antioxidant protection against mitochondrial damage. Indeed, treatment of FRDA patients with the antioxidant idebenone has been shown to improve neurological functions. The yeast frataxin knock-out model of the disease shows mitochondrial iron accumulation, iron-sulfur cluster defects and high sensitivity to oxidative stress. By flow cytometry analysis we studied reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of yeast frataxin mutant cells treated with two antioxidants, N-acetyl-L-cysteine and a mitochondrially-targeted analog of vitamin E, confirming that mitochondria are the main site of ROS production in this model. Furthermore we found a significant reduction of ROS production and a decrease in the mitochondrial mass in mutant cells treated with rapamycin, an inhibitor of TOR kinases, most likely due to autophagy of damaged mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo M T Marobbio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wibom R, Lasorsa FM, Töhönen V, Barbaro M, Sterky FH, Kucinski T, Naess K, Jonsson M, Pierri CL, Palmieri F, Wedell A. AGC1 deficiency associated with global cerebral hypomyelination. N Engl J Med 2009; 361:489-95. [PMID: 19641205 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa0900591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carrier isoform 1 (AGC1), specific to neurons and muscle, supplies aspartate to the cytosol and, as a component of the malate-aspartate shuttle, enables mitochondrial oxidation of cytosolic NADH, thought to be important in providing energy for neurons in the central nervous system. We describe AGC1 deficiency, a novel syndrome characterized by arrested psychomotor development, hypotonia, and seizures in a child with a homozygous missense mutation in the solute carrier family 25, member 12, gene SLC25A12, which encodes the AGC1 protein. Functional analysis of the mutant AGC1 protein showed abolished activity. The child had global hypomyelination in the cerebral hemispheres, suggesting that impaired efflux of aspartate from neuronal mitochondria prevents normal myelin formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Wibom
- Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Casimir M, Lasorsa FM, Rubi B, Caille D, Palmieri F, Meda P, Maechler P. Mitochondrial glutamate carrier GC1 as a newly identified player in the control of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:25004-14. [PMID: 19584051 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.015495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The SLC25 carrier family mediates solute transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane, a process that is still poorly characterized regarding both the mechanisms and proteins implicated. This study investigated mitochondrial glutamate carrier GC1 in insulin-secreting beta-cells. GC1 was cloned from insulin-secreting cells, and sequence analysis revealed hydropathy profile of a six-transmembrane protein, characteristic of mitochondrial solute carriers. GC1 was found to be expressed at the mRNA and protein levels in INS-1E beta-cells and pancreatic rat islets. Immunohistochemistry showed that GC1 was present in mitochondria, and ultrastructural analysis by electron microscopy revealed inner mitochondrial membrane localization of the transporter. Silencing of GC1 in INS-1E beta-cells, mediated by adenoviral delivery of short hairpin RNA, reduced mitochondrial glutamate transport by 48% (p < 0.001). Insulin secretion at basal 2.5 mM glucose and stimulated either by intermediate 7.5 mM glucose or non-nutrient 30 mM KCl was not modified by GC1 silencing. Conversely, insulin secretion stimulated with optimal 15 mM glucose was reduced by 23% (p < 0.005) in GC1 knocked down cells compared with controls. Adjunct of cell-permeant glutamate (5 mM dimethyl glutamate) fully restored the secretory response at 15 mM glucose (p < 0.005). Kinetics of insulin secretion were investigated in perifused isolated rat islets. GC1 silencing in islets inhibited the secretory response induced by 16.7 mM glucose, both during first (-25%, p < 0.05) and second (-33%, p < 0.05) phases. This study demonstrates that insulin-secreting cells depend on GC1 for maximal glucose response, thereby assigning a physiological function to this newly identified mitochondrial glutamate carrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Casimir
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Floyd S, Favre C, Lasorsa FM, Leahy M, Trigiante G, Stroebel P, Marx A, Loughran G, O'Callaghan K, Marobbio CM, Slotboom DJ, Kunji ER, Palmieri F, O'Connor R. The insulin-like growth factor-I-mTOR signaling pathway induces the mitochondrial pyrimidine nucleotide carrier to promote cell growth. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:3545-55. [PMID: 17596519 PMCID: PMC1951771 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-12-1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway to mTOR is essential for the survival and growth of normal cells and also contributes to the genesis and progression of cancer. This signaling pathway is linked with regulation of mitochondrial function, but how is incompletely understood. Here we show that IGF-I and insulin induce rapid transcription of the mitochondrial pyrimidine nucleotide carrier PNC1, which shares significant identity with the essential yeast mitochondrial carrier Rim2p. PNC1 expression is dependent on PI-3 kinase and mTOR activity and is higher in transformed fibroblasts, cancer cell lines, and primary prostate cancers than in normal tissues. Overexpression of PNC1 enhances cell size, whereas suppression of PNC1 expression causes reduced cell size and retarded cell cycle progression and proliferation. Cells with reduced PNC1 expression have reduced mitochondrial UTP levels, but while mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular ATP are not altered, cellular ROS levels are increased. Overall the data indicate that PNC1 is a target of the IGF-I/mTOR pathway that is essential for mitochondrial activity in regulating cell growth and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Floyd
- *Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, BioSciences Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cedric Favre
- *Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, BioSciences Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Francesco M. Lasorsa
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Madeline Leahy
- *Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, BioSciences Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Giuseppe Trigiante
- *Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, BioSciences Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Philipp Stroebel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D68135 Mannheim, Germany; and
| | - Alexander Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D68135 Mannheim, Germany; and
| | - Gary Loughran
- *Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, BioSciences Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katie O'Callaghan
- *Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, BioSciences Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Carlo M.T. Marobbio
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Dirk J. Slotboom
- Medical Research Council, Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Cambridge CB2 2XY, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund R.S. Kunji
- Medical Research Council, Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Cambridge CB2 2XY, United Kingdom
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosemary O'Connor
- *Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, BioSciences Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Palmieri F, Agrimi G, Blanco E, Castegna A, Di Noia MA, Iacobazzi V, Lasorsa FM, Marobbio CMT, Palmieri L, Scarcia P, Todisco S, Vozza A, Walker J. Identification of mitochondrial carriers in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by transport assay of reconstituted recombinant proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta 2006; 1757:1249-62. [PMID: 16844075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2006.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Revised: 05/12/2006] [Accepted: 05/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The inner membranes of mitochondria contain a family of carrier proteins that are responsible for the transport in and out of the mitochondrial matrix of substrates, products, co-factors and biosynthetic precursors that are essential for the function and activities of the organelle. This family of proteins is characterized by containing three tandem homologous sequence repeats of approximately 100 amino acids, each folded into two transmembrane alpha-helices linked by an extensive polar loop. Each repeat contains a characteristic conserved sequence. These features have been used to determine the extent of the family in genome sequences. The genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains 34 members of the family. The identity of five of them was known before the determination of the genome sequence, but the functions of the remaining family members were not. This review describes how the functions of 15 of these previously unknown transport proteins have been determined by a strategy that consists of expressing the genes in Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, reconstituting the gene products into liposomes and establishing their functions by transport assay. Genetic and biochemical evidence as well as phylogenetic considerations have guided the choice of substrates that were tested in the transport assays. The physiological roles of these carriers have been verified by genetic experiments. Various pieces of evidence point to the functions of six additional members of the family, but these proposals await confirmation by transport assay. The sequences of many of the newly identified yeast carriers have been used to characterize orthologs in other species, and in man five diseases are presently known to be caused by defects in specific mitochondrial carrier genes. The roles of eight yeast mitochondrial carriers remain to be established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Agrimi G, Di Noia MA, Marobbio CMT, Fiermonte G, Lasorsa FM, Palmieri F. Identification of the human mitochondrial S-adenosylmethionine transporter: bacterial expression, reconstitution, functional characterization and tissue distribution. Biochem J 2004; 379:183-90. [PMID: 14674884 PMCID: PMC1224042 DOI: 10.1042/bj20031664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2003] [Revised: 12/10/2003] [Accepted: 12/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial carriers are a family of transport proteins that, with a few exceptions, are found in the inner membranes of mitochondria. They shuttle metabolites and cofactors through this membrane, and connect cytoplasmic functions with others in the matrix. SAM (S-adenosylmethionine) has to be transported into the mitochondria where it is converted into S-adenosylhomocysteine in methylation reactions of DNA, RNA and proteins. The transport of SAM has been investigated in rat liver mitochondria, but no protein has ever been associated with this activity. By using information derived from the phylogenetically distant yeast mitochondrial carrier for SAM and from related human expressed sequence tags, a human cDNA sequence was completed. This sequence was overexpressed in bacteria, and its product was purified, reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles and identified from its transport properties as the human mitochondrial SAM carrier (SAMC). Unlike the yeast orthologue, SAMC catalysed virtually only countertransport, exhibited a higher transport affinity for SAM and was strongly inhibited by tannic acid and Bromocresol Purple. SAMC was found to be expressed in all human tissues examined and was localized to the mitochondria. The physiological role of SAMC is probably to exchange cytosolic SAM for mitochondrial S-adenosylhomocysteine. This is the first report describing the identification and characterization of the human SAMC and its gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Agrimi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Marobbio CMT, Agrimi G, Lasorsa FM, Palmieri F. Identification and functional reconstitution of yeast mitochondrial carrier for S-adenosylmethionine. EMBO J 2004; 22:5975-82. [PMID: 14609944 PMCID: PMC275433 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdg574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains 35 members of the mitochondrial carrier protein family, most of which have not yet been functionally identified. Here the identification of the mitochondrial carrier for S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) Sam5p is described. The corresponding gene has been overexpressed in bacteria and the protein has been reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles and identified by its transport properties. In confirmation of its identity, (i) the Sam5p-GFP protein was found to be targeted to mitochondria; (ii) the cells lacking the gene for this carrier showed auxotrophy for biotin (which is synthesized in the mitochondria by the SAM-requiring Bio2p) on fermentable carbon sources and a petite phenotype on non-fermentable substrates; and (iii) both phenotypes of the knock-out mutant were overcome by expressing the cytosolic SAM synthetase (Sam1p) inside the mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M T Marobbio
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Palmieri L, Lasorsa FM, Vozza A, Agrimi G, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Walker JE, Palmieri F. Identification and functions of new transporters in yeast mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta 2000; 1459:363-9. [PMID: 11004452 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(00)00173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes 35 putative members of the mitochondrial carrier family. Known members of this family transport substrates and products across the inner membranes of mitochondria. We are attempting to identify the functions of the yeast mitochondrial transporters via high-yield expression in Escherichia coli and/or S. cerevisiae, purification and reconstitution of their protein products into liposomes, where their transport properties are investigated. With this strategy, we have already identified the functions of seven S. cerevisiae gene products, whose structural and functional properties assigned them to the mitochondrial carrier family. The functional information obtained in the reconstituted system and the use of knock-out yeast strains can be usefully exploited for the investigation of the physiological role of individual transporters. Furthermore, the yeast carrier sequences can be used to identify the orthologous proteins in other organisms, including man.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Palmieri
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
The mitochondrial carrier protein for carnitine has been identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is encoded by the gene CRC1 and is a member of the family of mitochondrial transport proteins. The protein has been over-expressed with a C-terminal His-tag in S. cerevisiae and isolated from mitochondria by nickel affinity chromatography. The purified protein has been reconstituted into proteoliposomes and its transport characteristics established. It transports carnitine, acetylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine and to a much lower extent medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Palmieri
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fiermonte G, Palmieri L, Dolce V, Lasorsa FM, Palmieri F, Runswick MJ, Walker JE. The sequence, bacterial expression, and functional reconstitution of the rat mitochondrial dicarboxylate transporter cloned via distant homologs in yeast and Caenorhabditis elegans. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:24754-9. [PMID: 9733776 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.38.24754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The dicarboxylate carrier (DIC) belongs to a family of transport proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membranes. The biochemical properties of the mammalian protein have been characterized, but the protein is not abundant. It is difficult to purify and had not been sequenced. We have used the sequence of the distantly related yeast DIC to identify a related protein encoded in the genome of Caenorhabditis elegans. Then, related murine expressed sequence tags were identified with the worm sequence, and the murine sequence was used to isolate the cDNA for the rat homolog. The sequences of the worm and rat proteins have features characteristic of the family of mitochondrial transport proteins. Both proteins were expressed in bacteria and reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles where their transport characteristics closely resembled those of whole rat mitochondria and of the rat DIC reconstituted into vesicles. As expected from the role of the DIC in gluconeogenesis and ureogenesis, its transcripts were detected in rat liver and kidney, but unexpectedly, they were also detected in rat heart and brain tissues where the protein may fulfill other roles, possibly in supplying substrates to the Krebs cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Fiermonte
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Palmieri L, Lasorsa FM, De Palma A, Palmieri F, Runswick MJ, Walker JE. Identification of the yeast ACR1 gene product as a succinate-fumarate transporter essential for growth on ethanol or acetate. FEBS Lett 1997; 417:114-8. [PMID: 9395087 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)01269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The protein encoded by the ACR1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae belongs to a family of 35 related membrane proteins that are encoded in the fungal genome. Some of them are known to transport various substrates and products across the inner membranes of mitochondria, but the functions of 28 members of the family are unknown. The yeast ACR1 gene was introduced into Escherichia coli on an expression plasmid. The protein was over-produced as inclusion bodies, which were purified and solubilised in the presence of sarkosyl. The solubilised protein was reconstituted into liposomes and shown to transport fumarate and succinate. Its physiological role in S. cerevisiae is probably to transport cytoplasmic succinate, derived from isocitrate by the action of isocitrate lyase in the cytosol, into the mitochondrial matrix in exchange for fumarate. This exchange activity and the subsequent conversion of fumarate to oxaloacetate in the cytosol would be essential for the growth of S. cerevisiae on ethanol or acetate as the sole carbon source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Palmieri
- The M.R.C. Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|