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Sauerer T, Lischer C, Weich A, Berking C, Vera J, Dörrie J. Single-Molecule RNA Sequencing Reveals IFNγ-Induced Differential Expression of Immune Escape Genes in Merkel Cell Polyomavirus-Positive MCC Cell Lines. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:785662. [PMID: 35003017 PMCID: PMC8727593 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.785662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and highly aggressive cancer, which is mainly caused by genomic integration of the Merkel cell polyomavirus and subsequent expression of a truncated form of its large T antigen. The resulting primary tumor is known to be immunogenic and under constant pressure to escape immune surveillance. Because interferon gamma (IFNγ), a key player of immune response, is secreted by many immune effector cells and has been shown to exert both anti-tumoral and pro-tumoral effects, we studied the transcriptomic response of MCC cells to IFNγ. In particular, immune modulatory effects that may help the tumor evade immune surveillance were of high interest to our investigation. The effect of IFNγ treatment on the transcriptomic program of three MCC cell lines (WaGa, MKL-1, and MKL-2) was analyzed using single-molecule sequencing via the Oxford Nanopore platform. A significant differential expression of several genes was detected across all three cell lines. Subsequent pathway analysis and manual annotation showed a clear upregulation of genes involved in the immune escape of tumor due to IFNγ treatment. The analysis of selected genes on protein level underlined our sequencing results. These findings contribute to a better understanding of immune escape of MCC and may help in clinical treatment of MCC patients. Furthermore, we demonstrate that single-molecule sequencing can be used to assess characteristics of large eukaryotic transcriptomes and thus contribute to a broader access to sequencing data in the community due to its low cost of entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Sauerer
- RNA-based Immunotherapy, Hautklinik, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher Lischer
- Systems Tumor Immunology, Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adrian Weich
- Systems Tumor Immunology, Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julio Vera
- Systems Tumor Immunology, Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Dörrie
- RNA-based Immunotherapy, Hautklinik, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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PHRF1 promotes migration and invasion by modulating ZEB1 expression. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236876. [PMID: 32730336 PMCID: PMC7392320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PHRF1 (PHD and RING finger domain-containing protein 1) suppresses acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) by promoting TGIF (TG-interacting factor) ubiquitination, while the PML-RARα protein interferes with PHRF1-mediated TGIF breakdown to facilitate APL. Beyond its role in APL tumorigenesis, PHRF1 contributes to non-homologous end-joining by linking H3K36 methylation and Nbs1 upon DNA damage insults. However, little is known regarding its function in tumor invasion. Here we highlight the unreported details of PHRF1 in the invasion of lung cancer cells by modulating the transcriptional level of ZEB1, a prominent regulator involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. PHRF1 associated with the phosphorylated C-terminal repeat domain of Rpb1, the large subunit of RNA polymerase II, through its C-terminal Set2 Rpb1 Interacting (SRI) domain. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that PHRF1 bound to the proximal region adjacent to the transcription start site of ZEB1. SRI-deleted PHRF1 neither associated with Rpb1 nor increased ZEB1’s expression. Collectively, PHRF1 might take the stage at migration and invasion by modulating the expression of ZEB1.
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Shih TW, Lee LJ, Chang HC, Lin HW, Chang MS. An important role of PHRF1 in dendritic architecture and memory formation by modulating TGF-β signaling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10857. [PMID: 32616804 PMCID: PMC7331665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PHRF1 is involved in transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling to constrain the formation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in mouse APL models. PHRF1 also participates in modulating non-homologous end-joining. However, the role of PHRF1 in mammalian dendrite architecture and synaptic plasticity is unclear. Here, we investigated the role of PHRF1 in dendritic formation in the murine hippocampus using Camk2a promoter driven-iCre recombinase to conduct a PHRF1 conditional knockout, namely PHRF1Δ/Δ, in the forebrain region. PHRF1Δ/Δ mice developed normally, but exhibited anxiety-like behaviors and displayed defective spatial memory. Alterations of dendritic complexity in apical and basal dendrites of pyramidal neurons were noticed in PHRF1Δ/Δ mutants. Furthermore, electrical stimulation in the hippocampal CA1 region after the TGF-β1 treatment showed a reduced synaptic plasticity in PHRF1Δ/Δ mice. Immunoblotting analysis indicated that PHRF1 ablation affected the TGF-β signaling. Collectively, our results demonstrate that PHRF1 is important for the dendritic architecture and required for spatial memory formation in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wei Shih
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Ching Chang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Mau-Sun Chang
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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An CH, Son HJ, Yoo NJ, Lee SH. Downregulation of a putative tumor suppressor gene PHRF1 in gastric and colorectal cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152984. [PMID: 32360246 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyeok An
- Departments of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Son
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Nam Jin Yoo
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, South Korea; Departments of Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, South Korea.
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Qiao J, Li M, Sun D, Li W, Xin Y. Knockdown of ROS proto-oncogene 1 inhibits migration and invasion in gastric cancer cells by targeting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8569-8582. [PMID: 31802893 PMCID: PMC6801563 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s213421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Gastric cancer ranks the fourth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) is an oncogene and ROS1 rearrangement has been reported in many cancers. Our study aimed to investigate the potential function and the precise mechanisms of ROS1 in gastric cancer. Methods In our study, the analysis of ROS1 expression and clinical pathologic factors of gastric cancer in gastric cancer using TCGA database demonstrated that ROS1 expression was elevated in gastric cancer and related to T, N, M and TNM staging. High expression of ROS1 predicted poor survival in patients with gastric cancer. Then, we measured ROS1 expression in four human gastric cancer cell lines and knocked down ROS1 expression in BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cells by specific shRNA transfection via Lipofectamine 2000. The effect of ROS1 knockdown on cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, cell apoptosis and metastasis in vitro was evaluated by MTT, colony formation, flow cytometric analysis, wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. The levels of apoptosis-related proteins, EMT markers and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway members were measured by Western blotting. Results We demonstrated that shROS1 transfection markedly downregulated ROS1 expression in BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cells. Knockdown of ROS1 inhibited cell survival, clonogenic growth, migration, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, ROS1 knockdown inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt. Conclusion Collectively, our data suggest that ROS1 may serve as a promising therapeutic target in gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qiao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Onco-Pathology, Cancer Institute and General Surgery Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116027, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116027, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Onco-Pathology, Cancer Institute and General Surgery Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Onco-Pathology, Cancer Institute and General Surgery Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xin
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Onco-Pathology, Cancer Institute and General Surgery Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
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Fisetin suppresses migration, invasion and stem-cell-like phenotype of human non-small cell lung carcinoma cells via attenuation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 303:14-21. [PMID: 30802432 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fisetin (3,3',4',7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a bioactive polyphenolic flavonoid found in many fruits and vegetables. It exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities including anticancer and anti-invasive effects. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) allows the tumor cells to acquire increased migratory and invasive properties mediating their dissemination to faraway sites, thus favoring metastasis. With metastatic lung cancer claiming the majority of lung cancer-related deaths, agents targeting the pathways underlying metastasis are translationally promising. In the present study, we have explored the anti-metastatic effects of fisetin in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells A549 and H1299 with emphasis on EMT. The results suggested a significant inhibition in migration and invasion of NSCLC cells under non-cytotoxic concentrations. Furthermore, an attenuation of the EMT was observed in both the cell lines with upregulation in the expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin in A549 cells and ZO-1 in H1299 cells with concomitant downregulation of the mesenchymal markers vimentin as well as N-cadherin along with invasion marker MMP-2. Herein, the downregulation of the expression of NSCLC stem cell signature markers CD44 and CD133 was also observed. Fisetin decreased the expression of multiple signaling proteins (β-catenin, NF-κB, EGFR, STAT-3) acting upstream to EMT and known to be involved in induction and maintenance of mesenchymal phenotype, which may explain the observed effects. Moreover, fisetin decreased the ability of H1299 cells to form colonies on soft agar and potentiated the cytotoxic effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), erlotinib. Overall, our study suggested the ability of fisetin to serve as a potential therapeutic agent on its capacity to attenuate the EMT program and inhibit migration, invasion and stem cell phenotype of lung cancer cells.
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