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Liu Q, Peng Q, Zhang B, Tan Y. X-ray cross-complementing family: the bridge linking DNA damage repair and cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:602. [PMID: 37679817 PMCID: PMC10483876 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is a common hallmark of human tumours. As a carrier of genetic information, DNA is constantly threatened by various damaging factors that, if not repaired in time, can affect the transmission of genetic information and lead to cellular carcinogenesis. In response to these threats, cells have evolved a range of DNA damage response mechanisms, including DNA damage repair, to maintain genomic stability. The X-ray repair cross-complementary gene family (XRCC) comprises an important class of DNA damage repair genes that encode proteins that play important roles in DNA single-strand breakage and DNA base damage repair. The dysfunction of the XRCC gene family is associated with the development of various tumours. In the context of tumours, mutations in XRCC and its aberrant expression, result in abnormal DNA damage repair, thus contributing to the malignant progression of tumour cells. In this review, we summarise the significant roles played by XRCC in diverse tumour types. In addition, we discuss the correlation between the XRCC family members and tumour therapeutic sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qiu Peng
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Yueqiu Tan
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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2
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Moutafi M, Koliou GA, Papaxoinis G, Economopoulou P, Kotsantis I, Gkotzamanidou M, Anastasiou M, Pectasides D, Kyrodimos E, Delides A, Giotakis E, Papadimitriou NG, Panayiotides IG, Perisanidis C, Fernandez AI, Xirou V, Poulios C, Gagari E, Yaghoobi V, Gavrielatou N, Shafi S, Aung TN, Kougioumtzopoulou A, Kouloulias V, Palialexis K, Gkolfinopoulos S, Strati A, Lianidou E, Fountzilas G, Rimm DL, Foukas PG, Psyrri A. Phase II Window Study of Olaparib Alone or with Cisplatin or Durvalumab in Operable Head and Neck Cancer. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1514-1523. [PMID: 37575280 PMCID: PMC10414130 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose We conducted a phase II randomized noncomparative window of opportunity (WOO) trial to evaluate the inhibition of cellular proliferation and the modulation of immune microenvironment after treatment with olaparib alone or in combination with cisplatin or durvalumab in patients with operable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Experimental Design Forty-one patients with HNSCC were randomized to cisplatin plus olaparib (arm A), olaparib alone (arm B), no treatment (arm C) or durvalumab plus olaparib (arm D). The primary endpoint was to evaluate the percentage of patients in each arm that achieved a reduction of at least 25% in Ki67. Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), safety, and pathologic complete response (pCR) rate. Paired baseline and resection tumor biopsies and blood samples were evaluated for prespecified biomarkers. Results A decrease in Ki67 of at least 25% was observed in 44.8% of treated patients, as measured by quantitative immunofluorescence. The ORR among treated patients was 12.1%. pCR was observed in 2 patients. Two serious adverse events occurred in 2 patients.Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) levels [combined positive score (CPS)] were significantly higher after treatment in arms A and D. Expression of CD163 and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) genes, markers of M2 macrophages, increased significantly posttreatment whereas the expression of CD80, a marker of M1 macrophages, decreased. Conclusion Preoperative olaparib with cisplatin or alone or with durvalumab was safe in the preoperative setting and led to decrease in Ki67 of at least 25% in 44.8% of treated patients. Olaparib-based treatment modulates the tumor microenvironment leading to upregulation of PD-L1 and induction of protumor features of macrophages. Significance HNSCC is characterized by defective DNA repair pathways and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. PARP inhibitors, which promote DNA damage and "reset" the inflammatory tumor microenvironment, can establish an effective antitumor response. This phase II WOO trial in HNSCC demonstrated the immunomodulatory effects of PARP inhibitor-induced DNA damage. In this chemo-naïve population, PARP inhibitor-based treatment, reduced tumor cell proliferation and modulated tumor microenvironment. After olaparib upregulation of PD-L1 and macrophages, suggests that combinatorial treatment might be beneficial. Synopsis Our WOO study demonstrates that preoperative olaparib results in a reduction in Ki67, upregulation of PD-L1 CPS, and induction of protumor features of macrophages in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto Moutafi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology Section, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - George Papaxoinis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Agios Savvas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Economopoulou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology Section, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kotsantis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology Section, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gkotzamanidou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology Section, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Anastasiou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology Section, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Pectasides
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology Section, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthymios Kyrodimos
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Delides
- Second Otolaryngology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Giotakis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos G. Papadimitriou
- Second Otolaryngology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis G. Panayiotides
- Second Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Perisanidis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aileen I. Fernandez
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vasiliki Xirou
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christos Poulios
- Department of Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Gagari
- Oral Medicine Clinics, A. Syggros Hospital of Dermatologic and Venereal Diseases, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vesal Yaghoobi
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Niki Gavrielatou
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Saba Shafi
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Thazin Nwe Aung
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Andromachi Kougioumtzopoulou
- Second Department of Radiology, Radiotherapy Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Kouloulias
- Second Department of Radiology, Radiotherapy Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Palialexis
- Second Department of Radiology, Radiotherapy Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Areti Strati
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evi Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Fountzilas
- German Oncology Center, Limassol, Cyprus
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - David L. Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Periklis G. Foukas
- Second Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Amanda Psyrri
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology Section, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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3
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Ondičová M, Irwin RE, Thursby SJ, Hilman L, Caffrey A, Cassidy T, McLaughlin M, Lees-Murdock DJ, Ward M, Murphy M, Lamers Y, Pentieva K, McNulty H, Walsh CP. Folic acid intervention during pregnancy alters DNA methylation, affecting neural target genes through two distinct mechanisms. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:63. [PMID: 35578268 PMCID: PMC9112484 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously showed that continued folic acid (FA) supplementation beyond the first trimester of pregnancy appears to have beneficial effects on neurocognitive performance in children followed for up to 11 years, but the biological mechanism for this effect has remained unclear. Using samples from our randomized controlled trial of folic acid supplementation in second and third trimester (FASSTT), where significant improvements in cognitive and psychosocial performance were demonstrated in children from mothers supplemented in pregnancy with 400 µg/day FA compared with placebo, we examined methylation patterns from cord blood (CB) using the EPIC array which covers approximately 850,000 cytosine–guanine (CG) sites across the genome. Genes showing significant differences were verified using pyrosequencing and mechanistic approaches used in vitro to determine effects on transcription. Results FA supplementation resulted in significant differences in methylation, particularly at brain-related genes. Further analysis showed these genes split into two groups. In one group, which included the CES1 gene, methylation changes at the promoters were important for regulating transcription. We also identified a second group which had a characteristic bimodal profile, with low promoter and high gene body (GB) methylation. In the latter, loss of methylation in the GB is linked to decreases in transcription: this group included the PRKAR1B/HEATR2 genes and the dopamine receptor regulator PDE4C. Overall, methylation in CB also showed good correlation with methylation profiles seen in a published data set of late gestation foetal brain samples. Conclusion We show here clear alterations in DNA methylation at specific classes of neurodevelopmental genes in the same cohort of children, born to FA-supplemented mothers, who previously showed improved cognitive and psychosocial performance. Our results show measurable differences at neural genes which are important for transcriptional regulation and add to the supporting evidence for continued FA supplementation throughout later gestation. This trial was registered on 15 May 2013 at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN19917787. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-022-01282-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Ondičová
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Rachelle E Irwin
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sara-Jayne Thursby
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.,The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Luke Hilman
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Aoife Caffrey
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Tony Cassidy
- Psychology Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Marian McLaughlin
- Psychology Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Diane J Lees-Murdock
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Mary Ward
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Michelle Murphy
- Unitat de Medicina Preventiva i Salut Pública, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Yvonne Lamers
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, and British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kristina Pentieva
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Helene McNulty
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Colum P Walsh
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK. .,Centre for Research and Development, Region Gävleborg/Uppsala University, Gävle, Sweden.
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4
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Ahmadi M, Eftekhari Kenzerki M, Akrami SM, Pashangzadeh S, Hajiesmaeili F, Rahnavard S, Habibipour L, Saffarzadeh N, Mousavi P. Overexpression of HPRT1 is associated with poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:2525-2540. [PMID: 34231338 PMCID: PMC8409317 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT1), as a salvage pathway enzyme, plays a crucial role in modulating the cell cycle and has been reported to be overexpressed in multiple cancers. Nevertheless, the relationship between the HPRT1 gene and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) has not been investigated so far. In this study, we first evaluated the expression and clinical value of HPRT1 mRNA and protein in tumor and healthy control tissues. Then, we examined mutations of the HPRT1 gene and their association with survival outcomes of patients with HNSCC. We also performed functional analyses of HPRT1 coexpressed genes and examined the association between HPRT1 expression and drug sensitivity. Both HPRT1 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in HNSCC compared with normal tissues, and up‐regulation of HPRT1 was also correlated with age, sex, pathological stage and histological grades of patients with HNSCC. Moreover, HPRT1 and its associated genes were observed to be enriched for several cancer‐related pathways, including DNA replication and cell cycle. Finally, patients exhibiting overexpression of the HPRT1 gene may be resistant to abiraterone and sensitive to several drugs, including tozasertib and teniposide. This study demonstrated that the elevated expression of HPRT1 gene is correlated with the progression of HNSCC; thus, this gene may serve as a useful indicator for the early detection, risk stratification and targeted therapy of patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.,Division of Medical Genetics, Booali Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Qom, Iran
| | - Maryam Eftekhari Kenzerki
- Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Akrami
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Salar Pashangzadeh
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Sahereh Rahnavard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - Leila Habibipour
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Negin Saffarzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Department of Nephrology, Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Mousavi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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5
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Han Y, Ji L, Guan Y, Ma M, Li P, Xue Y, Zhang Y, Huang W, Gong Y, Jiang L, Wang X, Xie H, Zhou B, Wang J, Wang J, Han J, Deng Y, Yi X, Gao F, Huang J. An epigenomic landscape of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer using single-base resolution methylome and hydroxymethylome. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e498. [PMID: 34323415 PMCID: PMC8288011 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer (CC) is the second leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression through DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation plays a pivotal role during tumorigenesis. In this study, to analyze the epigenomic landscape and identify potential biomarkers for CCs, we selected a series of samples from normal to cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CINs) to CCs and performed an integrative analysis of whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS-seq), oxidative WGBS, RNA-seq, and external histone modifications profiling data. RESULTS In the development and progression of CC, there were genome-wide hypo-methylation and hypo-hydroxymethylation, accompanied by local hyper-methylation and hyper-hydroxymethylation. Hydroxymethylation prefers to distribute in the CpG islands and CpG shores, as displayed a trend of gradual decline from health to CIN2, while a trend of increase from CIN3 to CC. The differentially methylated and hydroxymethylated region-associated genes both enriched in Hippo and other cancer-related signaling pathways that drive cervical carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we identified eight novel differentially methylated/hydroxymethylated-associated genes (DES, MAL, MTIF2, PIP5K1A, RPS6KA6, ANGEL2, MPP, and PAPSS2) significantly correlated with the overall survival of CC. In addition, no any correlation was observed between methylation or hydroxymethylation levels and somatic copy number variations in CINs and CCs. CONCLUSION Our current study systematically delineates the map of methylome and hydroxymethylome from CINs to CC, and some differentially methylated/hydroxymethylated-associated genes can be used as the potential epigenetic biomarkers in CC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Han
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education)Shanghai Centre for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | | | - Yanfang Guan
- Department of Computer Science and TechnologySchool of Electronic and Information EngineeringXi'an Jiao Tong UniversityXi'anChina
- GenePlus‐BeijingBeijingChina
| | | | | | - Yinge Xue
- Shanghai FLY Medical LaboratoryShanghaiChina
| | | | - Wanqiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education)Shanghai Centre for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | | | - Li Jiang
- The Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyXinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xipeng Wang
- The Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyXinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hong Xie
- The Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Boping Zhou
- The Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Jiayin Wang
- Department of Computer Science and TechnologySchool of Electronic and Information EngineeringXi'an Jiao Tong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Junwen Wang
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Jinghua Han
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Yuliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education)Shanghai Centre for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Yi
- GenePlus‐BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Fei Gao
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
- Comparative Pediatrics and NutritionDepartment of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education)Shanghai Centre for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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6
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Philips R, Han C, Swendseid B, Curry J, Argiris A, Luginbuhl A, Johnson J. Preoperative Immunotherapy in the Multidisciplinary Management of Oral Cavity Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:682075. [PMID: 34277428 PMCID: PMC8281120 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.682075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in multimodal treatment for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, recurrence rates remain high, providing an opportunity for new therapeutic modalities that may improve oncologic outcomes. Much recent attention has been paid to the molecular interactions between the tumor cells with the adjacent peritumoral microenvironment, in which immunosuppressive molecular changes create a landscape that promotes tumor progression. The rationale for the introduction of immunotherapy is to reverse the balance of these immune interactions in a way that utilizes the host immune system to attack tumor cells. In the preoperative setting, immunotherapy has the advantage of priming the unresected tumor and the associated native immune infiltration, supercharging the adaptive anti-tumor immune response. It also provides the basis for scientific discovery where the molecular profile of responders can be interrogated to elucidate prognostic markers to aid in future patient selection. Preoperative immunotherapy is not without limitations. The risk of surgical delay due to immune adverse events must be carefully discussed by members of a multidisciplinary treatment team and patient selection will be critical. One day, the discovery of predictive biomarkers may allow for algorithms where pre-surgical immunotherapy decreases the size of surgical defect and impacts the intensity of adjuvant therapy leading to improved patient survival and decreased morbidity. With further study, immunotherapy could become a key component of future treatment algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramez Philips
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Chihun Han
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brian Swendseid
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joseph Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Athanassios Argiris
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Adam Luginbuhl
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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7
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Moutafi M, Economopoulou P, Rimm D, Psyrri A. PARP inhibitors in head and neck cancer: Molecular mechanisms, preclinical and clinical data. Oral Oncol 2021; 117:105292. [PMID: 33862558 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) have revolutionized the treatment landscape in several cancers. PARPi increase DNA damage particularly in tumors with underlying defects in DNA repair. In addition to PARPi-induced DNA damage, PARPi enhance immune priming and induce adaptive upregulation of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are characterized by aberrant DNA repair pathways, including nucleotide excision repair (NER), base excision repair (BER) and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair and these deregulated repair mechanisms are implicated in both the pathogenesis of the disease and the outcome of therapy. Cisplatin represents the cornerstone of treatment of HNSCC and cisplatin resistance impedes successful treatment outcomes. To this end, research strategies that are testing modulation of cisplatin sensitivity by PARPi are of particular interest. Moreover, given the immune modulating effects of PARPi and the recent approval of Programmed Cell Death- 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitors in HNSCC, the design of trials combining PARPi and PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors represent a rational research strategy. In this review, we summarize data supporting the integration of PARP inhibitors into HNSCC therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto Moutafi
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Panagiota Economopoulou
- Section of Medical Oncology, 2(nd) Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - David Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amanda Psyrri
- Section of Medical Oncology, 2(nd) Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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8
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Lee EK, Konstantinopoulos PA. PARP inhibition and immune modulation: scientific rationale and perspectives for the treatment of gynecologic cancers. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920944116. [PMID: 32782491 PMCID: PMC7383615 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920944116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly[adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribose]polymerase (PARP) has multifaceted roles in the maintenance of genomic integrity, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair and replication, and the maintenance of immune-system homeostasis. PARP inhibitors are an attractive oncologic therapy, causing direct cancer cell cytotoxicity by propagating DNA damage and indirectly, by various mechanisms of immunostimulation, including activation of the cGAS/STING pathway, paracrine stimulation of dendritic cells, increased T-cell infiltration, and upregulation of death-ligand receptors to increase susceptibility to natural-killer-cell killing. However, these immunostimulatory effects are counterbalanced by PARPi-mediated upregulation of programmed cell-death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), which leads to immunosuppression. Combining PARP inhibition with immune-checkpoint blockade seeks to exploit the immune stimulatory effects of PARP inhibition while negating the immunosuppressive effects of PD-L1 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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9
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Peyraud F, Italiano A. Combined PARP Inhibition and Immune Checkpoint Therapy in Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1502. [PMID: 32526888 PMCID: PMC7352466 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer related to DNA damage response (DDR) deficiencies, offering vulnerabilities for targeted treatment. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) interfere with the efficient repair of DNA damage, particularly in tumors with existing defects in DNA repair, and induce synthetic lethality. PARPi are active across a range of tumor types harboring BRCA mutations and also BRCA-negative cancers, such as ovarian, breast or prostate cancers with homologous recombination deficiencies (HRD). Depending on immune contexture, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as anti-PD1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4, elicit potent antitumor effects and have been approved in various cancers types. Although major breakthroughs have been performed with either PARPi or ICIs alone in multiple cancers, primary or acquired resistance often leads to tumor escape. PARPi-mediated unrepaired DNA damages modulate the tumor immune microenvironment by a range of molecular and cellular mechanisms, such as increasing genomic instability, immune pathway activation, and PD-L1 expression on cancer cells, which might promote responsiveness to ICIs. In this context, PARPi and ICIs represent a rational combination. In this review, we summarize the basic and translational biology supporting the combined strategy. We also detail preclinical results and early data of ongoing clinical trials indicating the synergistic effect of PARPi and ICIs. Moreover, we discuss the limitations and the future direction of the combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Peyraud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
- University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Antoine Italiano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
- University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Early Phase Trials and Sarcoma Unit, Institut Bergonié, 33000 Bordeaux, France
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10
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André S, P. Nunes S, Silva F, Henrique R, Félix A, Jerónimo C. Analysis of Epigenetic Alterations in Homologous Recombination DNA Repair Genes in Male Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082715. [PMID: 32295201 PMCID: PMC7215617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Male breast cancer (BC) is a distinct neoplasm with low but rising incidence, frequently diagnosed as advanced stage disease. Considering the relevance of altered homologous recombination repair (HRR) in male BC, we aimed to explore the biomarker potential of aberrant promoter methylation of ATM, BRCA1, PALB2, RAD51B, and XRCC3. Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from 128 male BC patients, paired adjacent normal tissue and 19 gynecomastia cases were collected and assessed by quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP). Non-parametric tests were used to compare methylation levels between tumor and non-tumor samples and to seek for associations with clinicopathological variables. Results: Only RAD51B and XRCC3 disclosed significant differences between tumor and gynecomastia (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.020, respectively). Assembled in a panel, RAD51B and XRCC3 promoter methylation discriminated male BC from gynecomastia with 91.5% sensitivity, 89.5% specificity, and 91.2% accuracy. Moreover, promoter methylation levels were lower in paired non-tumor tissues, comparing to tumor samples. No associations were found between epigenetic alterations and clinicopathological features, as well as with RAD51 and XRCC3 immunoexpression and methylation levels. Conclusion: Quantitative promoter methylation of RAD51B and XRCC3 constitutes a promising and accurate biomarker for male BC. Validation in larger series and in liquid biopsies is warranted to confirm its usefulness in detection and monitoring settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saudade André
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Lisboa, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (C.J.); Tel.: +351-932-878-710 (S.A.); +351-225084000 (C.J.); Fax: +351-225-084-047 (C.J.)
| | - Sandra P. Nunes
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group—Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (S.P.N.); (R.H.)
| | - Fernanda Silva
- Medical School, NOVA University, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group—Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (S.P.N.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar– University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Félix
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Lisboa, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Medical School, NOVA University, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group—Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (S.P.N.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar– University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (C.J.); Tel.: +351-932-878-710 (S.A.); +351-225084000 (C.J.); Fax: +351-225-084-047 (C.J.)
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11
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Guerreiro IM, Barros-Silva D, Lopes P, Cantante M, Cunha AL, Lobo J, Antunes L, Rodrigues A, Soares M, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. RAD51Bme Levels as a Potential Predictive Biomarker for PD-1 Blockade Response in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041000. [PMID: 32252414 PMCID: PMC7230458 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) cells frequently express high levels of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Although these levels grossly correlate with the likelihood of response to specific checkpoint inhibitors, the response prediction is rather imperfect, and more accurate predictive biomarkers are mandatory. We examined the methylation profile of RAD51B (RAD51Bme) as a candidate predictive biomarker for anti-PD-1 therapy efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), correlating with patients’ outcome. PD-L1 immunoexpression and RAD51Bme levels were analysed in NSCLC samples obtained from patients not treated with anti-PD-1 (Untreated Cohort (#1)) and patients treated with PD-1 blockade (Treated Cohort (#2)). Of a total of 127 patients assessed, 58.3% depicted PD-L1 positivity (PD-L1+). RAD51Bme levels were significantly associated with PD-L1 immunoexpression. Patients with PD-1 blockade clinical benefit disclosed higher RAD51Bme levels (p = 0.0390) and significantly lower risk of disease progression (HR 0.37; 95% CI: 0.15–0.88; p = 0.025). Combining RAD51Bme+ with PD-L1+ improved the sensitivity of the test to predict immunotherapy response. PD-L1+ was also associated with lower risk of death (HR 0.35; 95% CI: 0.15–0.81; p = 0.014). Thus, RAD51Bme levels might be combined with validated predictive biomarker PD-L1 immunostaining to select patients who will most likely experience clinical benefit from PD-1 blockade. The predictive value of RAD51Bme should be confirmed in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Maria Guerreiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (I.M.G.); (C.J.); Tel.: +351-225-084-000 (I.M.G.); Fax: +351-225-084-001 (I.M.G.)
| | - Daniela Barros-Silva
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.B.-S.); (P.L.); (M.C.); (A.L.C.); (J.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Paula Lopes
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.B.-S.); (P.L.); (M.C.); (A.L.C.); (J.L.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Cantante
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.B.-S.); (P.L.); (M.C.); (A.L.C.); (J.L.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Cunha
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.B.-S.); (P.L.); (M.C.); (A.L.C.); (J.L.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Lobo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.B.-S.); (P.L.); (M.C.); (A.L.C.); (J.L.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Antunes
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana Rodrigues
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Marta Soares
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.B.-S.); (P.L.); (M.C.); (A.L.C.); (J.L.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.B.-S.); (P.L.); (M.C.); (A.L.C.); (J.L.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (I.M.G.); (C.J.); Tel.: +351-225-084-000 (I.M.G.); Fax: +351-225-084-001 (I.M.G.)
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12
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Cervantes-Ayalc A, Ruiz Esparza-Garrido R, Velázquez-Flores MÁ. Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements 1 (LINE1): The chimeric transcript L1-MET and its involvement in cancer. Cancer Genet 2020; 241:1-11. [PMID: 31918342 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Long interspersed nuclear elements 1 (LINE1) are non-LTR retrotransposons that represent the greatest remodeling force of the human genome during evolution. Genomically, LINE1 are constituted by a 5´ untranslated region (UTR), where the promoter regions are located, three open reading frames (ORF0, ORF1, and ORF2) and one 3´UTR, which has a poly(A) tail that harbors the short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) Alu and SVA. Although the intrinsic nature of LINE1 is to be copied and inserted into the genome, an increase in their mobility produces genomic instability. In response to this, the cell has "designed" many mechanisms controlling the retrotransposition levels of LINE1; however, alterations in these regulation systems can increase LINE1 mobility and the formation of chimeric genes. Evidence indicates that 988 human genes have LINE1 inserted in their sequence, resulting in the transcriptional control of genes by their own promoters, as well as by the LINE1 antisense promoter (ASP). To date, very little is known about the biologic impact of this and the L1-MET chimera is a more or less studied case. ASP hypomethylation has been observed in all studied cancer types, leading to increased L1-MET expression. In specific types of cancer, this L1-MET increase controls both low and high MET protein levels. It remains to be clarified if this protein product is a chimeric protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cervantes-Ayalc
- Laboratorio de RNAs no codificantes, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana del Hospital de Pediatría "Silvestre Frenk Freund", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), CDMX 06720, México.
| | - Ruth Ruiz Esparza-Garrido
- Catedrática CONACyT, Laboratorio de RNAs no codificantes, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana del Hospital de Pediatría "Silvestre Frenk Freund", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), CDMX 06720, México; Laboratorio de RNAs no codificantes, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana del Hospital de Pediatría "Silvestre Frenk Freund", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), CDMX 06720, México.
| | - Miguel Ángel Velázquez-Flores
- Laboratorio de RNAs no codificantes, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana del Hospital de Pediatría "Silvestre Frenk Freund", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), CDMX 06720, México; Laboratorio de RNAs no codificantes, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana del Hospital de Pediatría "Silvestre Frenk Freund", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico.
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13
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Mardis ER. Neoantigens and genome instability: impact on immunogenomic phenotypes and immunotherapy response. Genome Med 2019; 11:71. [PMID: 31747945 PMCID: PMC6865009 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-019-0684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The resurgence of immune therapies in cancer medicine has elicited a corresponding interest in understanding the basis of patient response or resistance to these treatments. One aspect of patient response clearly lies in the genomic alterations that are associated with cancer onset and progression, including those that contribute to genomic instability and the resulting creation of novel peptide sequences that may present as neoantigens. The immune reaction to these unique ‘non-self’ peptides is frequently suppressed by the tumor itself, but the use of checkpoint blockade therapies, personalized vaccines, or a combination of these treatments may elicit a tumor-specific immune response that results in cell death. Massively parallel sequencing, coupled with different computational analyses, provides unbiased identification of the germline and somatic alterations that drive cancer development, and of those alterations that lead to neoantigens. These range from simple point mutations that change single amino acids to complex alterations, such as frameshift insertion or deletion mutations, splice-site alterations that lead to exon skipping, structural alterations that lead to the formation of fusion proteins, and other forms of collateral damage caused by genome instability that result in new protein sequences unique to the cancer. The various genome instability phenotypes can be identified as alterations that impact DNA replication or mismatch repair pathways or by their genomic signatures. This review provides an overview of current knowledge regarding the fundamentals of genome replication and of both germline and somatic alterations that disrupt normal replication, leading to various forms of genomic instability in cancers, to the resulting generation of neoantigens and, ultimately, to immune-responsive and resistant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine R Mardis
- Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Children's Drive, Colombus, OH, 43205, USA.
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14
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Lobo J, Rodrigues Â, Guimarães R, Cantante M, Lopes P, Maurício J, Oliveira J, Jerónimo C, Henrique R. Detailed Characterization of Immune Cell Infiltrate and Expression of Immune Checkpoint Molecules PD-L1/CTLA-4 and MMR Proteins in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors Disclose Novel Disease Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1535. [PMID: 31614500 PMCID: PMC6826711 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The immune infiltrate plays an important part in testicular germ cell tumors, but it remains scarcely studied. We aimed at thoroughly characterizing the immune infiltrate and expression of immune checkpoints PD-L1/CTLA-4 and mismatch repair (MMR) proteins in these neoplasms, seeking for associations with patient outcome. Methods: A total of 162 consecutively diagnosed patients (2005-2018) were included. Immunostaining for PD-L1, CTLA-4 and MMR proteins was independently assessed both in immune cells (ICs) and tumor cells (TCs) of primary tumors and metastases, and characterization of IC populations was pursued. Results: PD-L1 and CTLA-4 positivity in ICs was frequent (85.5% and 96.3%). Patients with absent PD-L1 positive ICs exhibited significantly worse relapse-free survival (hazard ratio = 4.481, 95% CI 1.366-14.697, p = 0.013), both in univariable and multivariable analysis. Lower CD20 and CD3 IC infiltration in seminomas associated with higher disease stage (p = 0.0216, p = 0.0291). CTLA-4 TC intensity was significantly higher in yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma and teratoma, while PD-L1 TC positivity was significantly more frequent in choriocarcinoma. Both PD-L1 and CTLA-4 immunoexpression in ICs of metastatic samples was frequent (100% and 88.2%). MMR proteins were differentially expressed among the different tumor subtypes. Conclusions: Immune infiltrate/checkpoints associate with patients' outcome, constituting novel (potentially targetable) disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Lobo
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (GEBC CI-IPOP) and Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ângelo Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (GEBC CI-IPOP) and Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rita Guimarães
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (GEBC CI-IPOP) and Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Cantante
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (GEBC CI-IPOP) and Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paula Lopes
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (GEBC CI-IPOP) and Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joaquina Maurício
- Department of Medical Oncology & Urology Clinic, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Oliveira
- Department of Urology & Urology Clinic, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (GEBC CI-IPOP) and Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Henrique
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (GEBC CI-IPOP) and Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal.
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15
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Wang S, Pitt JJ, Zheng Y, Yoshimatsu TF, Gao G, Sanni A, Oluwasola O, Ajani M, Fitzgerald D, Odetunde A, Khramtsova G, Hurley I, Popoola A, Falusi A, Ogundiran T, Obafunwa J, Ojengbede O, Ibrahim N, Barretina J, White KP, Huo D, Olopade OI. Germline variants and somatic mutation signatures of breast cancer across populations of African and European ancestry in the US and Nigeria. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:3321-3333. [PMID: 31173346 PMCID: PMC6851589 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Somatic mutation signatures may represent footprints of genetic and environmental exposures that cause different cancer. Few studies have comprehensively examined their association with germline variants, and none in an indigenous African population. SomaticSignatures was employed to extract mutation signatures based on whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing data from female patients with breast cancer (TCGA, training set, n = 1,011; Nigerian samples, validation set, n = 170), and to estimate contributions of signatures in each sample. Association between somatic signatures and common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or rare deleterious variants were examined using linear regression. Nine stable signatures were inferred, and four signatures (APOBEC C>T, APOBEC C>G, aging and homologous recombination deficiency) were highly similar to known COSMIC signatures and explained the majority (60-85%) of signature contributions. There were significant heritable components associated with APOBEC C>T signature (h2 = 0.575, p = 0.010) and the combined APOBEC signatures (h2 = 0.432, p = 0.042). In TCGA dataset, seven common SNPs within or near GNB5 were significantly associated with an increased proportion (beta = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.21-0.45) of APOBEC signature contribution at genome-wide significance, while rare germline mutations in MTCL1 was also significantly associated with a higher contribution of this signature (p = 6.1 × 10-6 ). This is the first study to identify associations between germline variants and mutational patterns in breast cancer across diverse populations and geography. The findings provide evidence to substantiate causal links between germline genetic risk variants and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics & Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jason J Pitt
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yonglan Zheng
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics & Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Toshio F Yoshimatsu
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics & Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Guimin Gao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Ayodele Sanni
- Department of Pathology & Forensic Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Mustapha Ajani
- Department of Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Dominic Fitzgerald
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Abayomi Odetunde
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Galina Khramtsova
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics & Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Ian Hurley
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics & Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Abiodun Popoola
- Oncology Unit, Department of Radiology, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adeyinka Falusi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - John Obafunwa
- Department of Pathology & Forensic Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oladosu Ojengbede
- Centre for Population & Reproductive Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Nasiru Ibrahim
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Jordi Barretina
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | | | - Dezheng Huo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics & Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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16
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Weigel C, Chaisaingmongkol J, Assenov Y, Kuhmann C, Winkler V, Santi I, Bogatyrova O, Kaucher S, Bermejo JL, Leung SY, Chan TL, Lasitschka F, Bohrer MH, Marx A, Haußen RHV, Herold-Mende C, Dyckhoff G, Boukamp P, Delank KW, Hörmann K, Lippert BM, Baier G, Dietz A, Oakes CC, Plass C, Becher H, Schmezer P, Ramroth H, Popanda O. DNA methylation at an enhancer of the three prime repair exonuclease 2 gene (TREX2) is linked to gene expression and survival in laryngeal cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:67. [PMID: 31053176 PMCID: PMC6499986 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic aberrations in DNA repair genes are linked to cancer, but less is reported about epigenetic regulation of DNA repair and functional consequences. We investigated the intragenic methylation loss at the three prime repair exonuclease 2 (TREX2) locus in laryngeal (n = 256) and colorectal cancer cases (n = 95) and in pan-cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Results Significant methylation loss at an intragenic site of TREX2 was a frequent trait in both patient cohorts (p = 0.016 and < 0.001, respectively) and in 15 out of 22 TCGA studies. Methylation loss correlated with immunohistochemically staining for TREX2 (p < 0.0001) in laryngeal tumors and improved overall survival of laryngeal cancer patients (p = 0.045). Chromatin immunoprecipitation, demethylation experiments, and reporter gene assays revealed that the region of methylation loss can function as a CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPA)-responsive enhancer element regulating TREX2 expression. Conclusions The data highlight a regulatory role of TREX2 DNA methylation for gene expression which might affect incidence and survival of laryngeal cancer. Altered TREX2 protein levels in tumors may affect drug-induced DNA damage repair and provide new tailored therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0666-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Weigel
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Present Address: Division of Hematology Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Yassen Assenov
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Kuhmann
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Winkler
- Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irene Santi
- Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olga Bogatyrova
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Kaucher
- Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Justo L Bermejo
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suet Y Leung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsun L Chan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong, China
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Neurosurgical Research, Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Dyckhoff
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Boukamp
- Division of Genetics of Skin Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Environmental Medicine, IUF, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus W Delank
- Medical Hospital, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Karl Hörmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Burkhard M Lippert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Heilbronn, Germany
| | - Gerald Baier
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Academic Teaching Hospital, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Dietz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christopher C Oakes
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Present Address: Division of Hematology Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Becher
- Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Schmezer
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heribert Ramroth
- Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Odilia Popanda
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Wang Y, Li G. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in cervical cancer: current studies and perspectives. Front Med 2019; 13:438-450. [PMID: 30826965 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most commonly diagnosed female malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries. Despite the use of advanced screening and preventive vaccines, more than half of all CC cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, when therapeutic options are extremely limited and side effects are severe. Given these circumstances, new and effective treatments are needed. In recent years, exciting progress has been made in immunotherapies, including the rapid development of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Checkpoint blockades targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have achieved effective clinical responses with acceptable toxicity by suppressing tumor progression and improving survival in several tumor types. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway, including the expression patterns of PD-1/PD-L1 and potential PD-1/PD-L1-related therapeutic strategies for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Guiling Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,Department of Integration of Western and Traditional Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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18
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Otter S, Whitaker S, Chatterjee J, Stewart A. The Human Papillomavirus as a Common Pathogen in Oropharyngeal, Anal and Cervical Cancers. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2019; 31:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Stewart RA, Pilié PG, Yap TA. Development of PARP and Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor Combinations. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6717-6725. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Forster MD, Devlin MJ. Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Head and Neck Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:310. [PMID: 30211111 PMCID: PMC6123367 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is the 6th most common cancer globally and commonly presents with locally advanced disease, which has a recurrence rate of around 50% despite aggressive multi-modality treatment involving surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy or EGFR inhibition where appropriate. As understanding of the underlying cancer biology and the complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment improves, there is gathering interest in and evidence for the role of immunomodulating agents in the management of HNSCC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, which aim to hinder the inhibitory interaction between programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1, have demonstrated durable improvements in patient outcomes in advanced / metastatic HNSCC, with both pembrolizumab and nivolumab being granted FDA approval in 2016. There are numerous ongoing clinical trials exploring the role of checkpoint inhibitors both as single agents and in combination, administered with established treatment modalities such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as alongside other novel immune modulators. These trials are not limited to advanced / metastatic HNSCC, but also to the neo-adjuvant or adjuvant settings. As studies complete and more results become available, the role immunotherapy agents will have within the treatment strategies for HNSCC may change, with increasing biomarker selection resulting in personalized therapy aiming to further improve patient outcomes.
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21
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Llinàs-Arias P, Esteller M. Epigenetic inactivation of tumour suppressor coding and non-coding genes in human cancer: an update. Open Biol 2018; 7:rsob.170152. [PMID: 28931650 PMCID: PMC5627056 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo many different alterations during their transformation, including genetic and epigenetic events. The controlled division of healthy cells can be impaired through the downregulation of tumour suppressor genes. Here, we provide an update of the mechanisms in which epigenetically altered coding and non-coding tumour suppressor genes are implicated. We will highlight the importance of epigenetics in the different molecular pathways that lead to enhanced and unlimited capacity of division, genomic instability, metabolic shift, acquisition of mesenchymal features that lead to metastasis, and tumour plasticity. We will briefly describe these pathways, focusing especially on genes whose epigenetic inactivation through DNA methylation has been recently described, as well as on those that are well established as being epigenetically silenced in cancer. A brief perspective of current clinical therapeutic approaches that can revert epigenetic inactivation of non-coding tumour suppressor genes will also be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Llinàs-Arias
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain .,Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Carrer de la Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08908 L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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22
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Moskovitz JM, Ferris RL. Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Dent Res 2018; 97:622-626. [PMID: 29489423 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518759464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays an important role in the evolution of malignancy and has become an important target for novel antineoplastic agents. This review article focuses on key features of tumor immunology, including the role of immunotherapy in general and as it pertains to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Side effects, resistance mechanisms, and therapeutic monitoring strategies pertaining to immunotherapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Moskovitz
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R L Ferris
- 2 UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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23
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Laengsri V, Kerdpin U, Plabplueng C, Treeratanapiboon L, Nuchnoi P. Cervical Cancer Markers: Epigenetics and microRNAs. Lab Med 2018; 49:97-111. [DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmx080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vishuda Laengsri
- Center for Research & Innovation, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Usanee Kerdpin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Chotiros Plabplueng
- Center for Research & Innovation, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lertyot Treeratanapiboon
- Department of Community Medical Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornlada Nuchnoi
- Center for Research & Innovation, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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24
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Wu M, Sheng Z, Jiang L, Liu Z, Bi Y, Shen Y. Overexpression of RAD51B predicts a preferable prognosis for non-small cell lung cancer patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:91471-91480. [PMID: 29207658 PMCID: PMC5710938 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. The majority of patients are diagnosed at an incurable advanced stage with poor prognosis. A recent study associated the methylation of homologous recombination genes with expression of immune checkpoints in lung squamous cell carcinoma. However, the correlation between them remains unclear. In our study, we propose that RAD51B, a repair gene in the homologous recombination process, which is noticed to be a key player in the maintenance of chromosome integrity and in sensing DNA damage, can act as an independent factor affecting the prognosis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Univariate analysis showed that overexpression of RAD51B is statistically significant correlated with better prognosis (P=0.013). Further, the multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the morbidity of patients with high expression of RAD51B was decreased by 26% compared to those with low expression (HR=0.74, 95%CI: 0.59-0.93), especially for the patients with squamous cell carcinoma (HR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.51-0.90). In conclusion, RAD51B in mRNA level can be an important indicator to decide the prognosis of NSCLC and its overexpression predicts a preferable prognosis for NSCLC. Our results serve as a foundation for the investigation of the role of RAD51B in NSCLC, which may lead to potential therapeutic innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zufeng Sheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingyan Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengyuan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Bi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yueping Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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25
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De Meulenaere A, Vermassen T, Aspeslagh S, Huvenne W, Van Dorpe J, Ferdinande L, Rottey S. Turning the tide: Clinical utility of PD-L1 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Oral Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Takada M, Nagai S, Haruta M, Sugino RP, Tozuka K, Takei H, Ohkubo F, Inoue K, Kurosumi M, Miyazaki M, Sato-Otsubo A, Sato Y, Ogawa S, Kaneko Y. BRCA1 alterations with additional defects in DNA damage response genes may confer chemoresistance to BRCA-like breast cancers treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 56:405-420. [PMID: 28124401 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The BRCA-like phenotype is a feature that some sporadic breast cancers share with those occurring in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. As tumors with the phenotype have defects in the DNA damage response pathway, which may increase sensitivity to drugs such as DNA cross-linking agents and PARP inhibitors, a method to identify this phenotype is important. The prediction of chemoresistance, which frequently develops in these tumors, is also crucial for improving therapy. We examined genomic aberrations and BRCA1 promoter methylation in tumors of 73 breast cancer (20 HR-/HER2- and 53 HR+/HER2-) patients, who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with anthracycline, cyclophosphamide, and taxane, using SNP array CGH and quantitative PCR. The methylation and/or loss or uniparental disomy (UPD) of BRCA1 (BRCA1 alterations) and the loss or UPD of BRCA2 (BRCA2 alterations) were detected in 27 (37%) and 21 (29%), respectively, of the 73 tumors. Tumors with BRCA1 or BRCA2 alterations were associated with a higher number of genomic aberrations (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001) and higher percentage of TP53 alterations (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001) than those without. Overall survival (OS) rates were similar between patients with or without BRCA1 or BRCA2 alterations. However, when 27 patients with BRCA1-altered tumors were classified into those with or without the loss or UPD of PALB2, PAGR1, RAD51B, FANCM, MLL4, or ERCC1/2 in tumors, patients with additional defects in DNA damage response genes had worse OS (P = 0.037, 0.045, 0.038, 0.044, 0.041, or 0.019) than those without. These defects may confer chemoresistance and predict poor outcomes in patients with BRCA1-altered breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Takada
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan.,Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigenori Nagai
- Divisions of Breast Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Haruta
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryuichi P Sugino
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Katsunori Tozuka
- Divisions of Breast Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, Ina, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takei
- Divisions of Breast Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, Ina, Saitama, Japan
| | - Fumie Ohkubo
- Divisions of Breast Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Inoue
- Divisions of Breast Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Masaru Miyazaki
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Aiko Sato-Otsubo
- Division of Tumor Biology, Department of Pathology, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Division of Tumor Biology, Department of Pathology, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Division of Tumor Biology, Department of Pathology, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kaneko
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
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