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Averbeck D. Low-Dose Non-Targeted Effects and Mitochondrial Control. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11460. [PMID: 37511215 PMCID: PMC10380638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-targeted effects (NTE) have been generally regarded as a low-dose ionizing radiation (IR) phenomenon. Recently, regarding long distant abscopal effects have also been observed at high doses of IR) relevant to antitumor radiation therapy. IR is inducing NTE involving intracellular and extracellular signaling, which may lead to short-ranging bystander effects and distant long-ranging extracellular signaling abscopal effects. Internal and "spontaneous" cellular stress is mostly due to metabolic oxidative stress involving mitochondrial energy production (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation and/or anaerobic pathways accompanied by the leakage of O2- and other radicals from mitochondria during normal or increased cellular energy requirements or to mitochondrial dysfunction. Among external stressors, ionizing radiation (IR) has been shown to very rapidly perturb mitochondrial functions, leading to increased energy supply demands and to ROS/NOS production. Depending on the dose, this affects all types of cell constituents, including DNA, RNA, amino acids, proteins, and membranes, perturbing normal inner cell organization and function, and forcing cells to reorganize the intracellular metabolism and the network of organelles. The reorganization implies intracellular cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttling of important proteins, activation of autophagy, and mitophagy, as well as induction of cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis, and senescence. It also includes reprogramming of mitochondrial metabolism as well as genetic and epigenetic control of the expression of genes and proteins in order to ensure cell and tissue survival. At low doses of IR, directly irradiated cells may already exert non-targeted effects (NTE) involving the release of molecular mediators, such as radicals, cytokines, DNA fragments, small RNAs, and proteins (sometimes in the form of extracellular vehicles or exosomes), which can induce damage of unirradiated neighboring bystander or distant (abscopal) cells as well as immune responses. Such non-targeted effects (NTE) are contributing to low-dose phenomena, such as hormesis, adaptive responses, low-dose hypersensitivity, and genomic instability, and they are also promoting suppression and/or activation of immune cells. All of these are parts of the main defense systems of cells and tissues, including IR-induced innate and adaptive immune responses. The present review is focused on the prominent role of mitochondria in these processes, which are determinants of cell survival and anti-tumor RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Averbeck
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France
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Paithankar JG, Gupta SC, Sharma A. Therapeutic potential of low dose ionizing radiation against cancer, dementia, and diabetes: evidences from epidemiological, clinical, and preclinical studies. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2823-2834. [PMID: 36595119 PMCID: PMC9808703 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The growing use of ionizing radiation (IR)-based diagnostic and treatment methods has been linked to increasing chronic diseases among patients and healthcare professionals. However, multiple factors such as IR dose, dose-rate, and duration of exposure influence the IR-induced chronic effects. The predicted links between low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) and health risks are controversial due to the non-availability of direct human studies. The studies pertaining to LDIR effects have importance in public health as exposure to background LDIR is routine. It has been anticipated that data from epidemiological and clinical reports and results of preclinical studies can resolve this controversy and help to clarify the notion of LDIR-associated health risks. Accumulating scientific literature shows reduced cancer risk, cancer-related deaths, curtailed neuro-impairments, improved neural functions, and reduced diabetes-related complications after LDIR exposure. In addition, it was found to alter evolutionarily conserved stress response pathways. However, the picture of molecular signaling pathways in LDIR responses is unclear. Besides, there is limited/no information on biomarkers of epidemiological LDIR exposure. Therefore, the present review discusses epidemiological, clinical, and preclinical studies on LDIR-induced positive effects in three chronic diseases (cancer, dementia, and diabetes) and their associated molecular mechanisms. The knowledge of LDIR response mechanisms may help to devise LDIR-based therapeutic modalities to stop disease progression. Modulation of these pathways may be helpful in developing radiation resistance among humans. However, more clinical evidence with additional biochemical, cellular, and molecular data and exploring the side effects of LDIR are the major areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Gopal Paithankar
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Subash Chandra Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India. .,Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, 781001, India.
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India.
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Ju Z, Guo P, Xiang J, Lei R, Ren G, Zhou M, Yang X, Zhou P, Huang R. Low-dose radiation exaggerates HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction by gut microbiota through PA-PYCR1 axis. Commun Biol 2022; 5:945. [PMID: 36088469 PMCID: PMC9464247 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCo-exposure of High-fat-diet (HFD) behavior and environmental low-dose radiation (LDR) is common among majority occupational workers, but the synergism of this co-exposure in metabolic health is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the impact of gut microbiota and its metabolites on the regulation of HFD accompanied by LDR-associated with metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance. Here, we reported that Parasutterella was markedly elevated in the gut microbiota of mice in co-exposure of HFD and LDR, accompanied by increased pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid (PA) level in both intestine and plasma. Transplantation of fecal microbiota from mice with co-exposure HFD and LDR with metabolic dysfunction resulted in increased disruption of metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance and increased PYCR1 (Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1) expression. Mechanistically, intestinal barrier was damaged more serious in mice with co-exposure of HFD and LDR, leading high PA level in plasma, activating PYCR1 expression to inhibit insulin Akt/mTOR (AKT kinase-transforming protein/Serine threonine-protein kinase) signaling pathway to aggravate HFD-induced metabolic impairments. This study suggests a new avenue for interventions against western diet companied with low dose radiation exposure-driven metabolic impairments.
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Farhadi S, Bahreyni-Toossi MT, Zafari-Ghadim N, Khademi S, Sadat-Darbandi M, Azimian H. DNA double-strand break repair and adaptive responses of low-dose radiation in normal and tumor lung cell lines. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 881:503528. [PMID: 36031334 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive response (AR), which can be induced by low-dose ionizing radiation (LD), may influence the therapeutic ratio of cancer treatment. We investigated the AR and the DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway in human lung tumor cells and normal cells. We measured viability and proliferation of normal lung cells (MRC-5) and lung cancer cells (QU-DB) using the MTT and colony formation assays. Flow cytometric analysis of γ-H2AX was used to measure DNA-DSBs induction, repair, and residual damages. AR was seen in the normal cells but not in the cancer cells. Our findings suggest that LD stimulates DSB repair and that this may contribute to distinctive AR in normal vs. cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Farhadi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Navid Zafari-Ghadim
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Sara Khademi
- Department of Radiology Technology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Sadat-Darbandi
- Department of Medical Physics, Reza Radiotherapy and Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hosein Azimian
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Xu J, Liu D, Zhao D, Jiang X, Meng X, Jiang L, Yu M, Zhang L, Jiang H. Role of low-dose radiation in senescence and aging: A beneficial perspective. Life Sci 2022; 302:120644. [PMID: 35588864 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence refers to the permanent arrest of cell cycle caused by intrinsic and/or extrinsic stressors including oncogene activation, irradiation, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and certain cytokines (including senescence associated secretory phenotype). Cellular senescence is an important factor in aging. Accumulation of senescent cells has been implicated in the causation of various age-related organ disorders, tissue dysfunction, and chronic diseases. It is widely accepted that the biological effects triggered by low-dose radiation (LDR) are different from those caused by high-dose radiation. Experimental evidence suggests that LDR may promote growth and development, enhance longevity, induce embryo production, and delay the progression of chronic diseases. The underlying mechanisms of these effects include modulation of immune response, stimulation of hematopoietic system, antioxidative effect, reduced DNA damage and improved ability for DNA damage repair. In this review, we discuss the possible mechanisms by which LDR prevents senescence and aging from the perspectives of inhibiting cellular senescence and promoting the removal of senescent cells. We review a wide broad of evidence about the beneficial impact of LDR in senescence and aging models (including cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, arthritis and osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) to highlight the potential value of LDR in preventing aging and age-related diseases. However, there is no consensus on the effect of LDR on human health, and several important aspects require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, Jilin, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, Jilin, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, Jilin, China
| | - Xinxin Meng
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, Jilin, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, Jilin, China
| | - Meina Yu
- Department of Special Clinic, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, Jilin, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, Jilin, China
| | - Hongyu Jiang
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, Jilin, China.
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Averbeck D, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C. Role of Mitochondria in Radiation Responses: Epigenetic, Metabolic, and Signaling Impacts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011047. [PMID: 34681703 PMCID: PMC8541263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, radiation effects have been considered to be mainly due to nuclear DNA damage and their management by repair mechanisms. However, molecular biology studies reveal that the outcomes of exposures to ionizing radiation (IR) highly depend on activation and regulation through other molecular components of organelles that determine cell survival and proliferation capacities. As typical epigenetic-regulated organelles and central power stations of cells, mitochondria play an important pivotal role in those responses. They direct cellular metabolism, energy supply and homeostasis as well as radiation-induced signaling, cell death, and immunological responses. This review is focused on how energy, dose and quality of IR affect mitochondria-dependent epigenetic and functional control at the cellular and tissue level. Low-dose radiation effects on mitochondria appear to be associated with epigenetic and non-targeted effects involved in genomic instability and adaptive responses, whereas high-dose radiation effects (>1 Gy) concern therapeutic effects of radiation and long-term outcomes involving mitochondria-mediated innate and adaptive immune responses. Both effects depend on radiation quality. For example, the increased efficacy of high linear energy transfer particle radiotherapy, e.g., C-ion radiotherapy, relies on the reduction of anastasis, enhanced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and immunogenic (antitumor) responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Averbeck
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
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Saleeva DV, Zasukhina GD. [Prospects for using low-dose radiation in the complex therapy for COVID-19]. Vopr Virusol 2021; 66:252-258. [PMID: 34545717 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the literature data of new approaches for the treatment of COVID-19 with low doses of radiation (LDR). In addition, data on the use of LDR for the treatment of various disorders, in particular pneumonia, a number of inflammatory processes of various etiology, as well as Alzheimer's disease are discussed. The mechanisms of LDR action are briefly described, associated with the activation of the immune system and antiinflammatory response due to the effect on the processes of oxidative stress, which is reflected in an increase in the activity of cytokines (interleukin- (IL-) 6), changes in the expression of a number of genes (such as P53 and NF-κB (p65)) and long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) (the authors' own data are presented). Based on the analysis of the material presented, it can be assumed that further clinical trials of the effect of MDR (5-10 cGy) on patients with COVID-19, who are at different stages of the disease, will reveal the optimal conditions for the development and use of an effective treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Saleeva
- FSBI «State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center» of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia
| | - G D Zasukhina
- FSBI «State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center» of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia; FSBIS Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences
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Devic C, Ferlazzo ML, Berthel E, Foray N. Influence of Individual Radiosensitivity on the Hormesis Phenomenon: Toward a Mechanistic Explanation Based on the Nucleoshuttling of ATM Protein. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820913784. [PMID: 32425719 PMCID: PMC7218313 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820913784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormesis is a low-dose phenomenon that has been reported to occur, to different extents, in animals, plants, and microorganisms. However, a review of the literature shows that only a few reports describe it in humans. Also, the diversity of experimental protocols and cellular models used makes deciphering the mechanisms of hormesis difficult. In humans, hormesis mostly appears in the 20 to 75 mGy dose range and in nontransformed, radioresistant cells. In a previous paper by Devic et al, a biological interpretation of the adaptive response (AR) phenomenon was proposed using our model that is based on the radiation-induced nucleoshuttling of the ATM protein (the RIANS model). Here, we showed that the 20 to 75 mGy dose range corresponds to a maximum amount of ATM monomers diffusing into the nucleus, while no DNA double-strand breaks is produced by radiation. These ATM monomers are suggested to help in recognizing and repairing spontaneous DNA breaks accumulated in cells and contribute to reductions in genomic instability and aging. The RIANS model also permitted the biological interpretation of hypersensitivity to low doses (HRS)-another low-dose phenomenon. Hence, for the first time to our knowledge, hormesis, AR, and HRS can be explained using the same unified molecular model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Devic
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UA8 Unit "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment," Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France.,Fibermetrix Company, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mélanie L Ferlazzo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UA8 Unit "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment," Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Elise Berthel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UA8 Unit "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment," Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UA8 Unit "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment," Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
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Leblanc JE, Burtt JJ. Radiation Biology and Its Role in the Canadian Radiation Protection Framework. HEALTH PHYSICS 2019; 117:319-329. [PMID: 30907783 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The linear no-threshold (linear-non-threshold) model is a dose-response model that has long served as the foundation of the international radiation protection framework, which includes the Canadian regulatory framework. Its purpose is to inform the choice of appropriate dose limits and subsequent as low as reasonably achievable requirements, social and economic factors taken into account. The linear no-threshold model assumes that the risk of developing cancer increases proportionately with increasing radiation dose. The linear no-threshold model has historically been applied by extrapolating the risk of cancer at high doses (>1,000 mSv) down to low doses in a linear manner. As the health effects of radiation exposure at low doses remain ambiguous, reducing uncertainties found in cancer risk dose-response models can be achieved through in vitro and animal-based studies. The purpose of this critical review is to analyze whether the linear no-threshold model is still applicable for use by modern nuclear regulators for radiation protection purposes, or if there is sufficient scientific evidence supporting an alternate model from which to derive regulatory dose limits.
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Xu J, Liu D, Xiao S, Meng X, Zhao D, Jiang X, Jiang X, Cai L, Jiang H. Low-Dose Radiation Prevents Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-019-00158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wang Z, Sugie C, Nakashima M, Kondo T, Iwata H, Tsuchiya T, Shibamoto Y. Changes in the Proliferation Rate, Clonogenicity, and Radiosensitivity of Cultured Cells During and After Continuous Low-Dose-Rate Irradiation. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819842733. [PMID: 31040760 PMCID: PMC6477768 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819842733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of continuous low-dose radiation on proliferation,
clonogenicity, radiosensitivity, and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs)
in human salivary gland (HSG) tumor cells. Human salivary gland cells were
cultured on acrylic boards above very-low-dose (4.3 μSv/h) or low-dose (27
μSv/h) radiation-emitting sheets or without sheets. Total cell numbers and
plating efficiencies were compared among the 3 groups every 1 or 2 weeks until 6
weeks after starting culture. At 2, 4, and 6 weeks, surviving fractions of HSG
cells after irradiation at 2 to 8 Gy cultured on the very-low-dose or low-dose
sheets were compared to those of the control. At 4 weeks, HSG cells irradiated
at 2 Gy were assessed for phosphorylated histone (γH2AX) foci formation, and
DSBs were evaluated. No significant differences were observed in total cell
number or plating efficiencies with or without low-dose-emitting sheets. The
surviving fractions after irradiation of the very-low-dose group at 2 to 6 weeks
and those of the low-dose group at 2 to 4 weeks were higher than those of the
control (P < .01). Thus, a radioadaptive response was
clearly demonstrated. From the γH2AX foci quantification, the adaptive responses
were considered to be associated with the efficient repair of DSB, especially
slow repair, in this cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chikao Sugie
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakashima
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuhito Kondo
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Iwata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nagoya Proton Therapy Center, Nagoya City West Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Yuta Shibamoto
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Liu C, Hirakawa H, Tanaka K, Mohd Saaya F, Nenoi M, Fujimori A, Wang B. Reduction of Delayed Homologous Recombination by Induction of Radioadaptive Response in RaDR-GFP Mice (Yonezawa Effect): An Old Player With a New Role. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819833840. [PMID: 30858771 PMCID: PMC6402064 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819833840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) treats cancer effectively with high doses of ionizing radiation (IR) to killing cancer cells and shrinking tumors while bearing the risk of developing different side effects, including secondary cancer, which is most concerning for long-term health consequences. Genomic instability (GI) is a characteristic of most cancer cells, and IR-induced GI can manifest as delayed homologous recombination (HR). Radioadaptive response (RAR) is capable of reducing genotoxicity, cell transformation, mutation, and carcinogenesis, but the rational evidence describing its contributions to the reduction of radiation risk, in particular, carcinogenesis, remains fragmented. In this work, to investigate the impact of RAR on high-dose, IR-induced GI measured as delayed HR, the frequency of recombinant cells was comparatively studied under RAR-inducible and -uninducible conditions in the nucleated cells in hematopoietic tissues (bone marrow and spleen) using the Rosa26 Direct Repeat-green fluorescent protein (RaDR-GFP) homozygote mice. Results demonstrated that the frequency of recombinant cells was significantly lower in hematopoietic tissues under RAR-inducible condition. These findings suggest that reduction in delayed HR may be at least a part of the mechanisms underlying decreased carcinogenesis by RAR, and application of RAR would contribute to a more rigorous and scientifically grounded system of radiation protection in RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Liu
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hirakawa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tanaka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Fujimori
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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Ji K, Wang Y, Du L, Xu C, Liu Y, He N, Wang J, Liu Q. Research Progress on the Biological Effects of Low-Dose Radiation in China. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819833488. [PMID: 30833876 PMCID: PMC6393828 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819833488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human are exposed to ionizing radiation from natural and artificial sources, which consequently poses a possible risk to human health. However, accumulating evidence indicates that the biological effects of low-dose radiation (LDR) are different from those of high-dose radiation (HDR). Low-dose radiation–induced hormesis has been extensively observed in different biological systems, including immunological and hematopoietic systems. Adaptive responses in response to LDR that can induce cellular resistance to genotoxic effects from subsequent exposure to HDR have also been described and researched. Bystander effects, another type of biological effect induced by LDR, have been shown to widely occur in many cell types. Furthermore, the influence of LDR-induced biological effects on certain diseases, such as cancer and diabetes, has also attracted the interest of researchers. Many studies have suggested that LDR has the potential antitumor and antidiabetic complications effects. In addition, the researches on whether LDR could induce stochastic effects were also debated. Studies on the biological effects of LDR in China started in 1970s and considerable progress has been made since. In the present article, we provide an overview of the research progress on the biological effects of LDR in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihua Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Liqing Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Chang Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ningning He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jinhan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
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Jiang X, Hong Y, Zhao D, Meng X, Zhao L, Du Y, Wang Z, Zheng Y, Cai L, Jiang H. Low dose radiation prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Oncotarget 2017; 9:332-345. [PMID: 29416617 PMCID: PMC5787469 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a novel and non-invasive approach, low-dose radiation (LDR, 75 mGy X-rays), to prevent doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups, Control, LDR (a single exposure), Sham (treated same as LDR group except for irradiation), DOX (a single intraperitoneal injection of DOX at 7.5 mg/kg), and LDR/DOX (received LDR and 72 h later received DOX). Electrocardiogram analysis displayed several kinds of abnormal ECG profiles in DOX-treated mice, but less in LDR/DOX group. Cardiotoxicity indices included histopathological changes, oxidative stress markers, and measurements of mitochondrial membrane permeability. Pretreatment of DOX group with LDR reduced oxidative damages (reactive oxygen species formation, protein nitration, and lipid peroxidation) and increased the activities of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) in the heart of LDR/DOX mice compared to DOX mice. Pretreatment of DOX-treated mice with LDR also decreased DOX-induced cardiac cell apoptosis (TUNEL staining and cleaved caspase-3) and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway (increased p53, Bax, and caspase-9 expression and decreased Bcl2 expression and ΔΨm dissipation). These results suggest that LDR could induce adaptation of the heart to DOX-induced toxicity. Cardiac protection by LDR may attribute to attenuate DOX-induced cell death via suppressing mitochondrial-dependent oxidative stress and apoptosis signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yaqiong Hong
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xinxin Meng
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Lijing Zhao
- The School of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yanwei Du
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zan Wang
- Department of Internal Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Hongyu Jiang
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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15
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Paunesku T, Haley B, Brooks A, Woloschak GE. Biological basis of radiation protection needs rejuvenation. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:1056-1063. [PMID: 28287035 PMCID: PMC7340141 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1294773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human beings encounter radiation in many different situations - from proximity to radioactive waste sites to participation in medical procedures using X-rays etc. Limits for radiation exposures are legally regulated; however, current radiation protection policy does not explicitly acknowledge that biological, cellular and molecular effects of low doses and low dose rates of radiation differ from effects induced by medium and high dose radiation exposures. Recent technical developments in biology and medicine, from single cell techniques to big data computational research, have enabled new approaches for study of biology of low doses of radiation. Results of the work done so far support the idea that low doses of radiation have effects that differ from those associated with high dose exposures; this work, however, is far from sufficient for the development of a new theoretical framework needed for the understanding of low dose radiation exposures. CONCLUSIONS Mechanistic understanding of radiation effects at low doses is necessary in order to develop better radiation protection policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Paunesku
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Benjamin Haley
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Antone Brooks
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Gayle E Woloschak
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
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16
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Wang Y, Li Y, Yang L, Yin D. Intermittent low dose irradiation enhances the effectiveness of radio- and chemo-therapy for human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:591-597. [PMID: 28560404 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Low dose irradiation (LDIR) induces hormesis and adaptive response in organism and mammalian cell lines. Notably, LDIR generates distinct biological effects in cancer cells from normal cells, e.g., it may affect the growth of cancer cells via the activation of certain cell signaling pathway, which does not exist in normal cells. Therefore, LDIR is considered as a promising assistant method of clinical cancer therapy. In this study, we chose human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 as the experimental model, and investigated the differential biological effects between 250 mGy single dose LDIR and 250 mGy intermittent LDIR pretreatments in high dose irradiation (HDIR) radiotherapy and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based chemotherapy. Through the cell growth assays, we observed that 250 mGy intermittent LDIR pretreatment significantly increased the killing effect of both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Western blotting results showed that intermittent LDIR pretreatment apparently activated the ATM/p53 (ataxia telangiectasia mutated, ATM) pathway in radiotherapy; it also activated ERK and p38MAPK pathways in chemotherapy. When we used chemical inhibitors to block the ATM/p53 or p38MAPK pathways, the intermittent LDIR induced cell growth inhibitions were reversed. However, blockage of ERK pathway could not affect the cell growth inhibiton in chemotherapy. Taken together, our findings evaluated the intermittent LDIR as a potential valuable method that can enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, especially in the radio- or chemo-resistant tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, FAW General Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130011, P.R. China
| | - Yezhou Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, FAW General Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130011, P.R. China
| | - Dexin Yin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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17
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Zhao X, Cui JW, Hu JH, Gao SJ, Liu XL. Effects of low-dose radiation on adaptive response in colon cancer stem cells. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 19:907-914. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1624-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Cui J, Yang G, Pan Z, Zhao Y, Liang X, Li W, Cai L. Hormetic Response to Low-Dose Radiation: Focus on the Immune System and Its Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020280. [PMID: 28134809 PMCID: PMC5343816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interrelationship between ionizing radiation and the immune system is complex, multifactorial, and dependent on radiation dose/quality and immune cell type. High-dose radiation usually results in immune suppression. On the contrary, low-dose radiation (LDR) modulates a variety of immune responses that have exhibited the properties of immune hormesis. Although the underlying molecular mechanism is not fully understood yet, LDR has been used clinically for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and malignant tumors. These advancements in preclinical and clinical studies suggest that LDR-mediated immune modulation is a well-orchestrated phenomenon with clinical potential. We summarize recent developments in the understanding of LDR-mediated immune modulation, with an emphasis on its potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Guozi Yang
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zhenyu Pan
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Xinyue Liang
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
- The Pediatric Research Institute, the Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology of the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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