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Lin M, Bao C, Chen L, Geng S, Wang H, Xiao Z, Gong T, Ji C, Cheng B. Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides alleviates UV-provoked skin cell damage via regulation of thioredoxin interacting protein and thioredoxin reductase 2. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2285-2296. [PMID: 37458972 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skin is exposed to a wide range of environmental risk factors including ultraviolet (UV) and all kinds of pollutants. Excessive UV exposure contributes to many disorders, such as photoaging, skin inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Previous studies have shown that Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides (TFPS) have protective effects on oxidative stress in cells, but the specific protective mechanism has not been clarified. METHODS To determine the effects of TFPS on UV-irritated human skin, we conducted a variety of studies, including Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), trypan blue, Western blot, apoptosis assays, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection in primary skin keratinocytes, and chronic UV-irradiated mouse model. RESULTS We first determined that TFPS protects human skin keratinocytes against UV radiation-induced apoptosis and ROS production. Moreover, TFPS regulates thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) and thioredoxin reductase 2 (TXNRD2) levels in primary skin keratinocytes for photoprotection. Last, we found that topical TFPS treatment could alleviate the UV-induced skin damage in chronic UV-irradiated mouse model. CONCLUSION Collectively, our work indicates the beneficial role of TFPS in UV-induced skin cell damage and provides a novel therapeutic reagent to prevent or alleviate the progress of photoaging and other UV-provoked skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Lin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, China
- Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Chengbei Bao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, China
- Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, China
- Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Shiling Geng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, China
- Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Haiqing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, China
- Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Zhixun Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, China
- Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, China
| | - Chao Ji
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, China.
- Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China.
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, China.
- Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China.
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Tsujioka M, Miyazawa K, Ohmuraya M, Nibe Y, Shirokawa T, Hayasaka H, Mizushima T, Fukuma T, Shimizu S. Identification of a novel type of focal adhesion remodelling via FAK/FRNK replacement, and its contribution to cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:256. [PMID: 37031228 PMCID: PMC10082854 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated the various cellular responses against genotoxic stress, including those mediated by focal adhesions. We here identified a novel type of focal adhesion remodelling that occurs under genotoxic stress conditions, which involves the replacement of active focal adhesion kinase (FAK) with FAK-related non-kinase (FRNK). FRNK stabilized focal adhesions, leading to strong cell-matrix adhesion, and FRNK-depleted cells were easily detached from extracellular matrix upon genotoxic stress. This remodelling occurred in a wide variety of cells. In vivo, the stomachs of Frnk-knockout mice were severely damaged by genotoxic stress, highlighting the protective role of FRNK against genotoxic stress. FRNK was also found to play a vital role in cancer progression, because FRNK depletion significantly inhibited cancer dissemination and progression in a mouse cancer model. Furthermore, in human cancers, FRNK was predominantly expressed in metastatic tissues and not in primary tissues. We hence conclude that this novel type of focal adhesion remodelling reinforces cell adhesion and acts against genotoxic stress, which results in the protection of normal tissues, but in turn facilitates cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatsune Tsujioka
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Miyazawa
- Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohmuraya
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nibe
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shirokawa
- Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Haruko Hayasaka
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Mizushima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shigeomi Shimizu
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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Grillo E, Ravelli C, Colleluori G, D'Agostino F, Domenichini M, Giordano A, Mitola S. Role of gremlin-1 in the pathophysiology of the adipose tissues. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 69:51-60. [PMID: 36155165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gremlin-1 is a secreted bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist playing a pivotal role in the regulation of tissue formation and embryonic development. Since its first identification in 1997, gremlin-1 has been shown to be a multifunctional factor involved in wound healing, inflammation, cancer and tissue fibrosis. Among others, the activity of gremlin-1 is mediated by its interaction with BMPs or with membrane receptors such as the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) or heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Growing evidence has highlighted a central role of gremlin-1 in the homeostasis of the adipose tissue (AT). Of note, gremlin-1 is involved in AT dysfunction during type 2 diabetes, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) metabolic disorders. In this review we discuss recent findings on gremlin-1 involvement in AT biology, with particular attention to its role in metabolic diseases, to highlight its potential as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Cosetta Ravelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Georgia Colleluori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco D'Agostino
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Domenichini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Kim JY, Lee EJ, Bae YJ, Park S, Kim SH, Lee J, Kwon IJ, Seong SH, Lee J, Kim TG, Oh SH. The involvement of gremlin-1 in external stress-induced melanogenesis. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 109:47-50. [PMID: 36642580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital,Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital,Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Bae
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital,Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sujin Park
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital,Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital,Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joohee Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital,Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Joo Kwon
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital,Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seol Hwa Seong
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital,Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Tae-Gyun Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital,Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital,Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Chen L, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Tian P, Yu L, Bai L, Zhou F, Yang Y, Cheng Y, Wang F, Zheng L, Jiang F, Zhu Y. Microfluidic-based in vitro thrombosis model for studying microplastics toxicity. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1344-1353. [PMID: 35179168 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00989c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The potential impact of microplastics (MPs) on health has caused great concern, and a toxicology platform that realistically reproduces the system behaviour is urgently needed to further explore and validate MP-related health issues. Herein, we introduce an optically assisted thrombus platform to reveal the interaction of MPs with the vascular system. The risk of accumulation has also been evaluated using a mouse model, and the effect of MPs on the properties of the thrombus are validated via in vitro experiments. The microfluidic system is endothelialized, and the regional tissue injury-induced thrombosis is then realized through optical irradiation. Whole blood is perfused with MPs, and the invasion process visualized and recorded. The mouse model shows a cumulative risk in the blood with continuous exposure to MPs (P-value < 0.0001). The on-chip results show that MP invasion leads to decreased binding of fibrin to platelets (P-value < 0.0001), which is consistent with the results of the in vitro experiments, and shows a high risk of thrombus shedding in real blood flow compared with normal thrombus. This work provides a new method to further reveal MP-related health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yajing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Yantong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Pengfu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Le Yu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Long Bai
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Fubing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Fenghua Jiang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
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Chemical Distance Measurement and System Pharmacology Approach Uncover the Novel Protective Effects of Biotransformed Ginsenoside C-Mc against UVB-Irradiated Photoaging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4691576. [PMID: 35186187 PMCID: PMC8850047 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4691576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to ultraviolet light induces photoaging and may eventually increase the risk of skin carcinogenesis. Rare minor ginsenosides isolating from traditional medicine Panax (ginseng) have shown biomedical efficacy as antioxidation and antiphotodamage agents. However, due to the difficulty of component extraction and wide variety of ginsenoside, the identification of active antiphotoaging ginsenoside remains a huge challenge. In this study, we proposed a novel in silico approach to identify potential compound against photoaging from 82 ginsenosides. Specifically, we calculated the shortest distance between unknown and known antiphotoaging ginsenoside set in the chemical space and applied chemical structure similarity assessment, drug-likeness screening, and ADMET evaluation for the candidates. We highlighted three rare minor ginsenosides (C-Mc, Mx, and F2) that possess high potential as antiphotoaging agents. Among them, C-Mc deriving from American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) was validated by wet-lab experimental assays and showed significant antioxidant and cytoprotective activity against UVB-induced photodamage in human dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, system pharmacology analysis was conducted to explore the therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms through integrating global drug-target network, high quality photoaging-related gene profile from multiomics data, and skin tissue-specific expression protein network. In combination with in vitro assays, we found that C-Mc suppressed MMP production through regulating the MAPK/AP-1/NF-κB pathway and expedited collagen synthesis via the TGF-β/Smad pathway, as well as enhanced the expression of Nrf2/ARE to hold a balance of endogenous oxidation. Overall, this study offers an effective drug discovery framework combining in silico prediction and in vitro validation, uncovering that ginsenoside C-Mc has potential antiphotoaging properties and might be a novel natural agent for use in oral drug, skincare products, or functional food.
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O'Reilly S. Gremlin: a complex molecule regulating wound healing and fibrosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7917-7923. [PMID: 34731251 PMCID: PMC11071963 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gremlin-1 is part of the TGF-β superfamily and is a BMP antagonist that blocks BMP signalling to precisely control BMP gradients. Gremlin-1 is primarily involved in organogenesis and limb patterning however, has recently been described as being involved in fibrotic diseases. Initially described as a key factor involved in diabetic kidney fibrosis due to being induced by high glucose, it has now been described as being associated with lung, liver, eye, and skin fibrosis. This suggests that it is a key conserved molecule mediating fibrotic events irrespective of organ. It appears that Gremlin-1 may have effects mediated by BMP-dependent and independent pathways. The aim of this review is to evaluate the role of Gremlin-1 in fibrosis, its mechanisms and if this can be targeted therapeutically in fibrotic diseases, which currently have very limited treatment options and are highly prevalent.
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Gao X, Han L, Yao X, Ma L. Gremlin1 and TGF-β1 protect kidney tubular epithelial cells from ischemia-reperfusion injury through different pathways. Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 54:1311-1321. [PMID: 34633599 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-021-03010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gremlin1 belongs to the superfamily members of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, playing a profibrotic role in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and the transition from the late stage of acute kidney injury (AKI) to CKD, but the effect it plays in the early stage of AKI is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of Gremlin1on apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells under ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) induction. METHODS We detected Gremlin1 and TGF-β1 expression in the kidneys of mice undergoing renal ischemia-reperfusion injury bilaterally. We induced apoptosis through depletion and reperfusion of oxygen and serum in human kidney tubular epithelial cells (HKCs), mimicking I/R injury in vivo, and detected the role and pathways of Gremlin1 and TGF-β1on HKCs injury. RESULTS Mice undergoing bilateral I/R surgery presented AKI with a significant increase in serum creatinine, obvious renal tubular injuries, and increased macrophage cell and T-cell infiltration in interstitial areas. Gremlin1 expression was significantly increased along with TGF-β1 in the kidneys of AKI mice compared to sham mice. Exogenous Gremlin1 inhibited I/R-induced caspase3 expression in HKCs, which was blocked by a VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor III (SU5416). TGF-β1 also inhibited I/R-induced cell apoptosis in HKCs but had no synergic effect with Gremlin1. The TGF-β1's inhibitory effect could be blocked by the TGF-β1 type I receptor (activin receptor-like kinase 5, and ALK5)-specific inhibitor SB431542. CONCLUSIONS Gremlin1 and TGF- β1 protect kidney tubular epithelial cells from ischemia-reperfusion-induced apoptosis through VEGFR2 and Smad2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxia Gao
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liyuan Han
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbao Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Affairs, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Ma
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Wu Y, Chen W, Zhang Y, Liu A, Yang C, Wang H, Zhu T, Fan Y, Yang B. Potent Therapy and Transcriptional Profile of Combined Erythropoietin-Derived Peptide Cyclic Helix B Surface Peptide and Caspase-3 siRNA against Kidney Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 375:92-103. [PMID: 32759272 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cause-specific treatment and timely diagnosis are still not available for acute kidney injury (AKI) apart from supportive therapy and serum creatinine measurement. A novel erythropoietin-derived cyclic helix B surface peptide (CHBP) protects kidneys against AKI with different causes, but the underlying mechanism is not fully defined. Herein, we investigated the transcriptional profile of renoprotection induced by CHBP and its potential synergistic effects with siRNA targeting caspase-3, an executing enzyme of apoptosis and inflammation (CASP3siRNA), on ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced AKI. Utilizing a mouse model with 30-minute renal bilateral ischemia and 48-hour reperfusion, the renoprotection of CHBP or CASP3siRNA was demonstrated in renal function and structure, active caspase-3 and HMGB1 expression. Combined treatment of CHBP and CASP3siRNA further preserved kidney structure and reduced active caspase-3 and HMGB1. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with fold change >1.414 and P < 0.05. In IR kidneys, 281 DEGs induced by CHBP were mainly involved in promoting cell division and improving cellular function and metabolism (upregulated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B and solute carrier family 22 member 7). The additional administration of CASP3siRNA caused 504 and 418 DEGs in IR + CHBP kidneys with or without negative control small-interfering RNA, with 37 genes in common. These DEGs were associated with modulated apoptosis and inflammation (upregulated BCL6, SLPI, and SERPINA3M) as well as immunity, injury, and microvascular homeostasis (upregulated complement factor H and GREM1 and downregulated ANGPTL2). This proof-of-effect study indicated the potent renoprotection of CASP3siRNA upon CHBP at the early stage of IR-induced AKI. Underlying genes, BCL6, SLPI, SERPINA3M, GREM1, and ANGPTL2, might be potential new biomarkers for clinical applications. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: It is imperative to explore new strategies of cause-specific treatment and timely diagnosis for acute kidney injury (AKI). CHBP and CASP3siRNA synergistically protected kidney structure after 48-hour ischemia/reperfusion-induced AKI with reduced injury mediators CASP3 and high mobility group box 1. CHBP upregulated cell division-, function-, and metabolism-related genes, whereas CASP3siRNA further regulated immune response- and tissue homeostasis-associated genes. Combined CHBP and CASP3siRNA might be a potent and specific treatment for AKI, and certain dysregulated genes secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor and SERPINA3M could facilitate timely diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wu
- Renal Group, Basic Medical Research Centre, Nantong University, Nantong, China (Y.W., Y.Z., A.L.); Leicester-Nantong Joint Institute of Kidney Science, Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China (W.C., H.W., Y.F., B.Y.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (C.Y., T.Z.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China (C.Y., T.Z.); and Renal Group, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (Y.W., B.Y.)
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Renal Group, Basic Medical Research Centre, Nantong University, Nantong, China (Y.W., Y.Z., A.L.); Leicester-Nantong Joint Institute of Kidney Science, Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China (W.C., H.W., Y.F., B.Y.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (C.Y., T.Z.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China (C.Y., T.Z.); and Renal Group, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (Y.W., B.Y.)
| | - Yufang Zhang
- Renal Group, Basic Medical Research Centre, Nantong University, Nantong, China (Y.W., Y.Z., A.L.); Leicester-Nantong Joint Institute of Kidney Science, Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China (W.C., H.W., Y.F., B.Y.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (C.Y., T.Z.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China (C.Y., T.Z.); and Renal Group, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (Y.W., B.Y.)
| | - Aifen Liu
- Renal Group, Basic Medical Research Centre, Nantong University, Nantong, China (Y.W., Y.Z., A.L.); Leicester-Nantong Joint Institute of Kidney Science, Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China (W.C., H.W., Y.F., B.Y.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (C.Y., T.Z.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China (C.Y., T.Z.); and Renal Group, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (Y.W., B.Y.)
| | - Cheng Yang
- Renal Group, Basic Medical Research Centre, Nantong University, Nantong, China (Y.W., Y.Z., A.L.); Leicester-Nantong Joint Institute of Kidney Science, Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China (W.C., H.W., Y.F., B.Y.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (C.Y., T.Z.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China (C.Y., T.Z.); and Renal Group, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (Y.W., B.Y.)
| | - Hui Wang
- Renal Group, Basic Medical Research Centre, Nantong University, Nantong, China (Y.W., Y.Z., A.L.); Leicester-Nantong Joint Institute of Kidney Science, Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China (W.C., H.W., Y.F., B.Y.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (C.Y., T.Z.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China (C.Y., T.Z.); and Renal Group, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (Y.W., B.Y.)
| | - Tongyu Zhu
- Renal Group, Basic Medical Research Centre, Nantong University, Nantong, China (Y.W., Y.Z., A.L.); Leicester-Nantong Joint Institute of Kidney Science, Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China (W.C., H.W., Y.F., B.Y.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (C.Y., T.Z.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China (C.Y., T.Z.); and Renal Group, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (Y.W., B.Y.)
| | - Yaping Fan
- Renal Group, Basic Medical Research Centre, Nantong University, Nantong, China (Y.W., Y.Z., A.L.); Leicester-Nantong Joint Institute of Kidney Science, Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China (W.C., H.W., Y.F., B.Y.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (C.Y., T.Z.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China (C.Y., T.Z.); and Renal Group, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (Y.W., B.Y.)
| | - Bin Yang
- Renal Group, Basic Medical Research Centre, Nantong University, Nantong, China (Y.W., Y.Z., A.L.); Leicester-Nantong Joint Institute of Kidney Science, Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China (W.C., H.W., Y.F., B.Y.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (C.Y., T.Z.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China (C.Y., T.Z.); and Renal Group, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (Y.W., B.Y.)
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10
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Huang JW, Xu QY, Lin M, Cheng B, Ji C. The Extract from Acidosasa longiligula Alleviates in vitro UV-Induced Skin Cell Damage via Positive Regulation of Thioredoxin 1. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:897-905. [PMID: 32606631 PMCID: PMC7306462 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s239920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Skin, as the outermost organ, is exposed to a wide range of environmental risk factors including ultraviolet (UV) and all kinds of pollutants. Excessive UV exposure contributes to many disorders, such as photoaging, skin inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Methods To determine the effects of bamboo extract (BEX) from our local plant, Acidosasa longiligula, on UV-irritated human skin, we conducted a variety of studies, including Western blot, apoptosis assays, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, and thioredoxin (TXN) and thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD) activity assays in primary skin keratinocytes. Results We first determined that BEX protects human skin keratinocytes against UV radiation-induced apoptosis and ROS production. UV radiation can robustly impair TXN and TXNRD activity which can, in turn, be significantly rescued by BEX treatment. Moreover, BEX regulates TXN1 levels in primary skin keratinocytes and TXN1 is proved to be required for the protective function of BEX. Last, we found that the NF-κB/p65 pathway mediates the protective function of BEX against UV. Discussion Collectively, our work delineates the beneficial role of BEX in UV-induced skin cell damage and provides a novel therapeutic reagent to prevent or alleviate the progress of photoaging and other UV-provoked skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Yun Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ji
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, People's Republic of China
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11
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Apatinib, a Novel Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Promotes ROS-Dependent Apoptosis and Autophagy via the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in Ovarian Cancer Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3145182. [PMID: 32509141 PMCID: PMC7244982 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3145182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apatinib, a new-generation oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling pathway, shows favorable therapeutic effects in various malignant tumors. However, its effect on ovarian cancer has not yet been characterized. Here, we demonstrated that apatinib inhibited ovarian cancer cell growth and migration in a concentration-dependent manner. Further, we found that apatinib could directly act on tumor cells and promote ROS-dependent apoptosis and autophagy. Mechanistically, we showed that apatinib suppressed glutathione to generate ROS via the downregulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway and maintained an antitumor effect at a low level of VEGFR2 in ovarian cancer, suggesting that combination of apatinib with Nrf2 inhibitor may be a promising therapy strategy for patients with ovarian cancer.
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12
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Ginsenoside Rh3 activates Nrf2 signaling and protects endometrial cells from oxygen and glucose deprivation-reoxygenation. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:6109-6119. [PMID: 32259797 PMCID: PMC7185134 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-reoxygenation (OGDR) induces oxidative injury to endometrial cells in vitro. We tested the potential effect of ginsenoside Rh3 (GRh3) in the process. Our results show that GRh3 activated Nrf2 signaling in T-HESC cells and primary murine endometrial cells. GRh3 induced Nrf2 Ser-40 phosphorylation and Keap1-Nrf2 disassociation, causing Nrf2 protein stabilization and nuclear translocation, which led to transcription and expression of antioxidant response element-dependent genes (HO1, NQO1 and GCLC). In T-HESC cells and primary murine endometrial cells, GRh3 potently attenuated OGDR-induced reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial depolarization, as well as cell viability reduction and necrosis. Activation of Nrf2 is required for GRh3-induced anti-OGDR actions in endometrial cells. Nrf2 inhibition, by Nrf2 shRNA, knockout (through CRISPR-Cas9-editing) or S40T mutation, abolished GRh3-induced endometrial cell protection against OGDR. Additionally, forced activation of Nrf2, by Keap1 knockout, mimicked and nullified GRh3-induced anti-OGDR actions in T-HESC cells. Together, we conclude that GRh3 protects endometrial cells from OGDR via activation of Nrf2 signaling.
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13
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Chen Y, Liu H, Huang H, Ma Y, Wang R, Hu Y, Zheng X, Chen C, Tang H. Squid Ink Polysaccharides Protect Human Fibroblast Against Oxidative Stress by Regulating NADPH Oxidase and Connexin43. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1574. [PMID: 32009967 PMCID: PMC6978904 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation injury to skin is one of the main reasons for skin aging. The aim of the present study was to explore the protective effect of squid ink polysaccharides and its mechanism of action against H2O2-induced dermal fibroblast damage. Our results show that squid ink polysaccharides effectively reduce the fibroblast oxidative damage mediated by the up-regulation of NADPH oxidase and Connexin43. Concurrently, squid ink polysaccharides decrease the ROS induced up-regulation of MMP1 and MMP9 to decrease MMP-mediated skin aging. Therefore, we hypothesize that squid ink polysaccharides play an antioxidant role by inhibiting the expression of NADPH oxidase and connexin43. This provides a new target for the effective clinical prevention and treatment of oxidative skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Nanchong Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Huazhong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Yuetang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Ruihua Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Xiufen Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Hongfeng Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
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14
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Dutton LR, O'Neill CL, Medina RJ, Brazil DP. No evidence of Gremlin1-mediated activation of VEGFR2 signaling in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18041-18045. [PMID: 31604823 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ac119.010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Canonical Gremlin1 (GREM1) signaling involves binding to and sequestering bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in the extracellular matrix, preventing the activation of cognate BMP receptor. Exquisite temporospatial control of the GREM1-BMP interaction is required during development, and perturbation of this balance leads to abnormal limb formation and defective kidney development. In addition to inhibition of BMP signaling, several other noncanonical signaling modalities of GREM1 have been postulated. Some literature reports have suggested that GREM1 can bind to and activate vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) in endothelial cells, human kidney epithelial cells, and others. These reports suggest that the GREM1 → VEGFR2 signaling can drive angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo We report here that, despite exhaustive attempts, we did not observe GREM1 activation of VEGFR2 in any of the cell lines reported by the above-mentioned studies. Incubation of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with recombinant VEGF triggered a robust increase in VEGFR2 tyrosine phosphorylation. In contrast, no VEGFR2 phosphorylation was detected when cells were incubated with recombinant GREM1 over a range of time points and concentrations. We also show that GREM1 does not interfere with VEGF-mediated VEGFR2 activation, suggesting that GREM1 does not bind with any great affinity to VEGFR2. Measurements of ECFC barrier integrity revealed that VEGF induces barrier function disruption, but recombinant human GREM1 had no effect in this assay. We believe that these results provide an important clarification of the potential interaction between GREM1 and VEGFR2 in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise R Dutton
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Christina L O'Neill
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Reinhold J Medina
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Derek P Brazil
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
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15
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Hydrangenol Isolated from the Leaves of Hydrangea serrata Attenuates Wrinkle Formation and Repairs Skin Moisture in UVB-Irradiated Hairless Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102354. [PMID: 31581754 PMCID: PMC6835603 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that hydrangenol isolated from Hydrangea serrata leaves exerts antiphotoaging activity in vitro. In this study, we determined its antiphotoaging effect in UVB-irradiated HR-1 hairless mice. We evaluated wrinkle formation, skin thickness, histological characteristics, and mRNA and protein expression using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis in dorsal skins. Hydrangenol mitigated wrinkle formation, dorsal thickness, dehydration, and collagen degradation. Hydrangenol increased the expression of involucrin, filaggrin, and aquaporin-3 (AQP3) as well as hyaluronic acid (HA) production via hyaluronidase (HYAL)-1/-2 downregulation. Consistent with the recovery of collagen composition, the expression of Pro-COL1A1 was increased by hydrangenol. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1/-3, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression was reduced by hydrangenol. Hydrangenol attenuated the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK and p38, activator protein 1 (AP-1) subunit, and signal transduction and activation of transcription 1 (STAT1). Hydrangenol upregulated the expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO-1), glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and glutamate cysteine ligase catalysis subunit (GCLC). Taken together, our data suggest that hydrangenol can prevent wrinkle formation by reducing MMP and inflammatory cytokine levels and increasing the expression of moisturizing factors and antioxidant genes.
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16
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Mezzano S, Droguett A, Lavoz C, Krall P, Egido J, Ruiz-Ortega M. Gremlin and renal diseases: ready to jump the fence to clinical utility? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:735-741. [PMID: 28992340 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The current therapeutic strategy for the treatment of chronic kidney diseases only ameliorates disease progression. During renal injury, developmental genes are re-expressed and could be potential therapeutic targets. Among those genes reactivated in the adult damaged kidney, Gremlin is of particular relevance since recent data suggest that it could be a mediator of diabetic nephropathy and other progressive renal diseases. Earlier studies have shown that Gremlin is upregulated in trans-differentiated renal proximal tubular cells and in several chronic kidney diseases associated with fibrosis. However, not much was known about the mechanisms by which Gremlin acts in renal pathophysiology. The role of Gremlin as a bone morphogenetic protein antagonist has clearly been demonstrated in organogenesis and in fibrotic-related disorders. Gremlin binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in endothelial and tubular epithelial cells. Activation of the Gremlin-VEGFR2 axis was found in several human nephropathies. We have recently described that Gremlin activates the VEGFR2 signaling pathway in the kidney, eliciting a downstream mechanism linked to renal inflammatory response. Gremlin deletion improves experimental renal damage, diminishing fibrosis. Overall, the available data identify the Gremlin-VEGFR2 axis as a novel therapeutic target for kidney inflammation and fibrosis and provide a rationale for unveiling new concepts to investigate in several clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Mezzano
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alejandra Droguett
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carolina Lavoz
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Paola Krall
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jesús Egido
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital, Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, CIBERDEM, Instituto Renal Reina Sofía, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, RedinRen, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Marquez-Exposito L, Lavoz C, Rodrigues-Diez RR, Rayego-Mateos S, Orejudo M, Cantero-Navarro E, Ortiz A, Egido J, Selgas R, Mezzano S, Ruiz-Ortega M. Gremlin Regulates Tubular Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition via VEGFR2: Potential Role in Renal Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1195. [PMID: 30386246 PMCID: PMC6199372 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is emerging as an important health problem due to the increase number of CKD patients and the absence of an effective curative treatment. Gremlin has been proposed as a novel therapeutic target for renal inflammatory diseases, acting via Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR2). Although many evidences suggest that Gremlin could regulate renal fibrosis, the receptor involved has not been yet clarified. Gremlin, as other TGF-β superfamily members, regulates tubular epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and, therefore, could contribute to renal fibrosis. In cultured tubular epithelial cells Gremlin binding to VEGFR2 is linked to proinflammatory responses. Now, we have found out that in these cells VEGFR2 is also involved in the profibrotic actions of Gremlin. VEGFR2 blockade by a pharmacological kinase inhibitor or gene silencing diminished Gremlin-mediated gene upregulation of profibrotic factors and restored changes in EMT-related genes. Moreover, VEGFR2 inhibition blocked EMT phenotypic changes and dampened the rate of wound healing in response to Gremlin. The role of VEGFR2 in experimental fibrosis was evaluated in experimental unilateral ureteral obstruction. VEFGR2 inhibition diminished the upregulation of profibrotic genes and EMT changes, as well as the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibronectin and collagens in the obstructed kidneys. Notch pathway activation participates in renal damage progression by regulating cell growth/proliferation, regeneration and inflammation. In cultured tubular epithelial cells, Notch inhibition markedly downregulated Gremlin-induced EMT changes and wound healing speed. These results show that Gremlin regulates the EMT process via VEGFR2 and Notch pathway activation, suggesting that the Gremlin/VEGFR2 axis could be a potential therapeutic target for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marquez-Exposito
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Lavoz
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Raul R Rodrigues-Diez
- Red de Investigación Renal, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Nephrology, Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Red de Investigación Renal, Madrid, Spain.,Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomédica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Macarena Orejudo
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Cantero-Navarro
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Red de Investigación Renal, Madrid, Spain.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Selgas
- Red de Investigación Renal, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Nephrology, Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Mezzano
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Gremlin activates the Notch pathway linked to renal inflammation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1097-1115. [PMID: 29720422 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies suggest that Gremlin participates in renal damage and could be a potential therapeutic target for human chronic kidney diseases. Inflammation is a common characteristic of progressive renal disease, and therefore novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic targets should be investigated. The Notch signaling pathway is involved in kidney development and is activated in human chronic kidney disease, but whether Gremlin regulates the Notch pathway has not been investigated. In cultured tubular cells, Gremlin up-regulated gene expression of several Notch pathway components, increased the production of the canonical ligand Jagged-1, and caused the nuclear translocation of active Notch-1 (N1ICD). In vivo administration of Gremlin into murine kidneys elicited Jagged-1 production, increased N1ICD nuclear levels, and up-regulated the gene expression of the Notch effectors hes-1 and hey-1 All these data clearly demonstrate that Gremlin activates the Notch pathway in the kidney. Notch inhibition using the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT impaired renal inflammatory cell infiltration and proinflammatory cytokines overexpression in Gremlin-injected mice and in experimental models of renal injury. Moreover, Notch inhibition blocked Gremlin-induced activation of the canonical and noncanonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, identifying an important mechanism involved in the anti-inflammatory actions of Notch inhibition. In conclusion, Gremlin activates the Notch pathway in the kidney and this is linked to NF-κB-mediated inflammation, supporting the hypothesis that Notch inhibition could be a potential anti-inflammatory strategy for renal diseases.
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19
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Wu S, Hu Y, Li Z, Bai W, Zhao J, Huang C, Li Q, Fan C, Deng L, Lu D. The effect of Cyanidin-3-o-glucoside on UVA-induced damage in human dermal fibroblasts. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2018; 34:224-231. [PMID: 29235191 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Wu
- Department of Dermatology; The First Affiliated Hospital; Jinan University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Yunfeng Hu
- Department of Dermatology; The First Affiliated Hospital; Jinan University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Dermatology; The First Affiliated Hospital; Jinan University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Jinan University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology; School of Medicine; Jinan University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Cuiqin Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology; School of Medicine; Jinan University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology; School of Medicine; Jinan University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Chongzhu Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology; School of Medicine; Jinan University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Liehua Deng
- Department of Dermatology; The First Affiliated Hospital; Jinan University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Daxiang Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology; School of Medicine; Jinan University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
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20
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Guo S, Fei HD, Ji F, Chen FL, Xie Y, Wang SG. Activation of Nrf2 by MIND4-17 protects osteoblasts from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105662-105672. [PMID: 29285281 PMCID: PMC5739668 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MIND4-17 is a recently developed NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, which uniquely causes Nrf2 disassociation from Keap1. Here, we showed that pretreatment with MIND4-17 significantly inhibited hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced viability reduction of primary osteoblasts and OB-6 osteoblastic cells. Meanwhile, MIND4-17 inhibited both apoptotic and non-apoptotic osteoblast cell death by H2O2. MIND4-17 treatment induced Keap1-Nrf2 disassociation, causing Nrf2 stabilization, accumulation and nuclear translocation in osteoblasts, leading to transcription of several Nrf2-dependent genes, including heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase modifier subunit (GCLM) and catalytic subunit (GCLC). Additionally, MIND4-17 largely attenuated H2O2-reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation and DNA damages. Nrf2 knockdown by targeted short hairpin RNA (shRNA) exacerbated H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in OB-6 osteoblastic cells, and nullified MIND4-17-mediated cytoprotection against H2O2. Meanwhile, Keap1 shRNA took over MIND4-17′s actions and protected OB-6 cells from H2O2. Together, MIND4-17 activates Nrf2 signaling and protects osteoblasts from H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiguang Guo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Hao-Dong Fei
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Feng-Li Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Shou-Guo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
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MIND4-17 protects retinal pigment epithelium cells and retinal ganglion cells from UV. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89793-89801. [PMID: 29163788 PMCID: PMC5685709 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 activation would efficiently protect retinal cells from UV radiation (UVR). Recent studies have developed a Nrf2-targeting thiazole-containing compound MIND4-17, which activates Nrf2 through blocking its association with Keap1. In the current study, we demonstrated that pretreatment with MIND4-17 efficiently protected retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells (RPEs) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from UVR. UVR-induced apoptosis in the retinal cells was also largely attenuated by MIND4-17 pretreatment. MIND4-17 presumably separated Nrf2 from Keap1, allowing its stabilization and accumulation in retinal cells, which then translocated to cell nuclei and promoted transcription of ARE-dependent anti-oxidant genes, including HO1, NQO1 and GCLM. Significantly, shRNA-mediated knockdown of Nrf2 almost completely abolished MIND4-17-induced cytoprotection against UVR. Further studies showed that MIND4-17 largely ameliorated UVR-induced ROS production, lipid peroxidation and DNA damages in RPEs and RGCs. Together, MIND4-17 protects retinal cells from UVR by activating Nrf2 signaling.
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Yang B, Xu QY, Guo CY, Huang JW, Wang SM, Li YM, Tu Y, He L, Bi ZG, Ji C, Cheng B. MHY1485 ameliorates UV-induced skin cell damages via activating mTOR-Nrf2 signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12775-12783. [PMID: 28061443 PMCID: PMC5355053 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra Violet (UV)-caused skin cell damage is a main cause of skin cancer. Here, we studied the activity of MHY1485, a mTOR activator, in UV-treated skin cells. In primary human skin keratinocytes, HaCaT keratinocytes and human skin fibroblasts, MHY1485 ameliorated UV-induced cell death and apoptosis. mTOR activation is required for MHY1485-induced above cytoprotective actions. mTOR kinase inhibitors (OSI-027, AZD-8055 and AZD-2014) or mTOR shRNA knockdown almost abolished MHY1485-induced cytoprotection. Further, MHY1485 treatment in skin cells activated mTOR downstream NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling, causing Nrf2 Ser-40 phosphorylation, stabilization/upregulation and nuclear translocation, as well as mRNA expression of Nrf2-dictated genes. Contrarily, Nrf2 knockdown or S40T mutation almost nullified MHY1485-induced cytoprotection. MHY1485 suppressed UV-induced reactive oxygen species production and DNA single strand breaks in skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Together, we conclude that MHY1485 inhibits UV-induced skin cell damages via activating mTOR-Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Yun Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chun-Yan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jin-Wen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shu-Mei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong-Mei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Tu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Kunming, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Bi
- Department of Dermatology, BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Ji
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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MicroRNA-200a activates Nrf2 signaling to protect osteoblasts from dexamethasone. Oncotarget 2017; 8:104867-104876. [PMID: 29285219 PMCID: PMC5739606 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment with dexamethasone in human osteoblasts leads to oxidative stress and cell injures. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key anti-oxidant signaling. We want to induce Nrf2 activation via microRNA-mediated silencing its suppressor Keap1. Our results show that microRNA-200a ("miR-200a") expression depleted Keap1, causing Nrf2 protein stabilization in OB-6 osteoblastic cells. Reversely, the miR-200a anti-sense led to Keap1 upregulation and Nrf2 degradation. miR-200a expression activated Nrf2 signaling, which inhibited dexamethasone-induced reactive oxygen species production and OB-6 cell death/apoptosis. Keap1 shRNA also activated Nrf2 and protected OB-6 cells from dexamethasone. Importantly, miR-200a was in-effective in Keap1-silenced (by shRNA) OB-6 cells. In the primary human osteoblasts, Keap1 silence by targeted-shRNA or miR-200a protected cells from dexamethasone. Significantly, miR-200a level was decreased in necrotic femoral head tissues, which was correlated with Keap1 mRNA upregulation. Together, miR-200a expression activates Nrf2 signaling and protects human osteoblasts from dexamethasone.
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24
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Xu D, Zhu H, Wang C, Zhu X, Liu G, Chen C, Cui Z. microRNA-455 targets cullin 3 to activate Nrf2 signaling and protect human osteoblasts from hydrogen peroxide. Oncotarget 2017; 8:59225-59234. [PMID: 28938631 PMCID: PMC5601727 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over-production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) will lead to human osteoblast dysfunction and apoptosis, causing progression of osteoporosis and osteonecrosis. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a well-characterized anti-oxidant signaling. Cullin 3 (Cul3) ubiquitin E3 ligase dictates Nrf2 degradation. We demonstrate that microRNA-455 ("miR-455") is a putative Cul3-targeting microRNA. Forced-expression of miR-455 in both hFOB1. 19 osteoblast cell line and primary human osteoblasts induced Cul3 degradation and Nrf2 protein stabilization, which led to subsequent transcription of ARE (anti-oxidant response element)-dependent genes (NQO1, HO1 and GCLC). Cul3 silencing, by expressing miR-455 or targeted-shRNA, protected human osteoblasts from H2O2. Reversely, miR-455 anti-sense caused Cul3 accumulation and Nrf2 degradation, which exacerbated H2O2 damages in hFOB1. 19 cells. Moreover, forced over-expression of Cul3 in hFOB1. 19 cells silenced Nrf2 and sensitized H2O2. Together, we propose that miR-455 activated Nrf2 signaling and protected human osteoblasts from oxidative stress possibly via targeting Cul3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, China
| | - Chengniu Wang
- Basic Medical Research Centre, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinhui Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Genxiang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, China
| | - Chu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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