1
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Khoshbakht T, Hussen BM, Dong P, Gassler N, Taheri M, Baniahmad A, Dilmaghani NA. A review on the role of cyclin dependent kinases in cancers. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:325. [PMID: 36266723 PMCID: PMC9583502 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) class of serine/threonine kinases has crucial roles in the regulation of cell cycle transition and is mainly involved in the pathogenesis of cancers. The expression of CDKs is controlled by a complex regulatory network comprised of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, which are dysregulated during the progression of cancer. The abnormal activation of CDKs results in uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation and the induction of cancer stem cell characteristics. The levels of CDKs can be utilized to predict the prognosis and treatment response of cancer patients, and further understanding of the function and underlying mechanisms of CDKs in human tumors would pave the way for future cancer therapies that effectively target CDKs. Defects in the regulation of cell cycle and mutations in the genes coding cell-cycle regulatory proteins lead to unrestrained proliferation of cells leading to formation of tumors. A number of treatment modalities have been designed to combat dysregulation of cell cycle through affecting expression or activity of CDKs. However, effective application of these methods in the clinical settings requires recognition of the role of CDKs in the progression of each type of cancer, their partners, their interactions with signaling pathways and the effects of suppression of these kinases on malignant features. Thus, we designed this literature search to summarize these findings at cellular level, as well as in vivo and clinical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Khoshbakht
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.,Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Peixin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nikolaus Gassler
- Section of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Nader Akbari Dilmaghani
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Tumor Cells-derived exosomal CircRNAs: Novel cancer drivers, molecular mechanisms, and clinical opportunities. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 200:115038. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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3
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Patel JM, Jeselsohn RM. Estrogen Receptor Alpha and ESR1 Mutations in Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:171-194. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Scott GK, Mahoney S, Scott M, Loureiro A, Lopez-Ramirez A, Tanner JJ, Ellerby LM, Benz CC. N-Propargylglycine: a unique suicide inhibitor of proline dehydrogenase with anticancer activity and brain-enhancing mitohormesis properties. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1927-1939. [PMID: 34089390 PMCID: PMC8643368 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) is a mitochondrial inner membrane flavoprotein critical for cancer cell survival under stress conditions and newly recognized as a potential target for cancer drug development. Reversible (competitive) and irreversible (suicide) inhibitors of PRODH have been shown in vivo to inhibit cancer cell growth with excellent host tolerance. Surprisingly, the PRODH suicide inhibitor N-propargylglycine (N-PPG) also induces rapid decay of PRODH with concordant upregulation of mitochondrial chaperones (HSP-60, GRP-75) and the inner membrane protease YME1L1, signifying activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) independent of anticancer activity. The present study was undertaken to address two aims: (i) use PRODH overexpressing human cancer cells (ZR-75-1) to confirm the UPRmt inducing properties of N-PPG relative to another equipotent irreversible PRODH inhibitor, thiazolidine-2-carboxylate (T2C); and (ii) employ biochemical and transcriptomic approaches to determine if orally administered N-PPG can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, essential for its future use as a brain cancer therapeutic, and also potentially protect normal brain tissue by inducing mitohormesis. Oral daily treatments of N-PPG produced a dose-dependent decline in brain mitochondrial PRODH protein without detectable impairment in mouse health; furthermore, mice repeatedly dosed with 50 mg/kg N-PPG showed increased brain expression of the mitohormesis associated protease, YME1L1. Whole brain transcriptome (RNAseq) analyses of these mice revealed significant gene set enrichment in N-PPG stimulated neural processes (FDR p < 0.05). Given this in vivo evidence of brain bioavailability and neural mitohormesis induction, N-PPG appears to be unique among anticancer agents and should be evaluated for repurposing as a pharmaceutical capable of mitigating the proteotoxic mechanisms driving neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary K Scott
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Sophia Mahoney
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Madeleine Scott
- Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ashley Loureiro
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | | | - John J Tanner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Lisa M Ellerby
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Christopher C Benz
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
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5
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Scott GK, Yau C, Becker BC, Khateeb S, Mahoney S, Jensen MB, Hann B, Cowen BJ, Pegan SD, Benz CC. Targeting Mitochondrial Proline Dehydrogenase with a Suicide Inhibitor to Exploit Synthetic Lethal Interactions with p53 Upregulation and Glutaminase Inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1374-1385. [PMID: 31189611 PMCID: PMC6679736 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) is a p53-inducible inner mitochondrial membrane flavoprotein linked to electron transport for anaplerotic glutamate and ATP production, most critical for cancer cell survival under microenvironmental stress conditions. Proposing that PRODH is a unique mitochondrial cancer target, we structurally model and compare its cancer cell activity and consequences upon exposure to either a reversible (S-5-oxo: S-5-oxo-2-tetrahydrofurancarboxylic acid) or irreversible (N-PPG: N-propargylglycine) PRODH inhibitor. Unlike 5-oxo, the suicide inhibitor N-PPG induces early and selective decay of PRODH protein without triggering mitochondrial destruction, consistent with N-PPG activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Fly and breast tumor (MCF7)-xenografted mouse studies indicate that N-PPG doses sufficient to phenocopy PRODH knockout and induce its decay can be safely and effectively administered in vivo Among breast cancer cell lines and tumor samples, PRODH mRNA expression is subtype dependent and inversely correlated with glutaminase (GLS1) expression; combining inhibitors of PRODH (S-5-oxo and N-PPG) and GLS1 (CB-839) produces additive if not synergistic loss of cancer cell (ZR-75-1, MCF7, DU4475, and BT474) growth and viability. Although PRODH knockdown alone can induce cancer cell apoptosis, the anticancer potential of either reversible or irreversible PRODH inhibitors is strongly enhanced when p53 is simultaneously upregulated by an MDM2 antagonist (MI-63 and nutlin-3). However, maximum anticancer synergy is observed in vitro when the PRODH suicide inhibitor, N-PPG, is combined with both GLS1-inhibiting and a p53-upregulating MDM2 antagonist. These findings provide preclinical rationale for the development of N-PPG-like PRODH inhibitors as cancer therapeutics to exploit synthetic lethal interactions with p53 upregulation and GLS1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary K Scott
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California
| | - Christina Yau
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Sana Khateeb
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California
| | - Sophia Mahoney
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California
| | | | - Byron Hann
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Bryan J Cowen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Scott D Pegan
- Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Christopher C Benz
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
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6
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Dustin D, Gu G, Fuqua SAW. ESR1 mutations in breast cancer. Cancer 2019; 125:3714-3728. [PMID: 31318440 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of ligand-independent ESR1 mutations during aromatase inhibitor therapy in metastatic estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer is a common mechanism of hormonal therapy resistance. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that ESR1 mutations can preexist in primary tumors and can be enriched during metastasis. Furthermore, ESR1 mutations express a unique transcriptional profile that favors tumor progression, suggesting that selected ESR1 mutations may influence metastasis. Several groups have used sensitive detection methods using patient liquid biopsies to track ESR1 or truncal somatic mutations to predict treatment outcome and tumor progression, and some of these techniques may eventually be used to guide sequential treatment options in patients. Further development and standardization of mutation tracking in circulating tumor DNA is ongoing. Clinically, patients with ESR1 mutations derive clinical benefit when treated with fulvestrant and CDK4/6-targeted therapies, but the development of more potent selective ER degraders and/or new targeted biotherapies are needed to overcome the endocrine-resistant phenotype of ESR1 mutant-bearing tumors. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of resistance and dissemination of ESR1 mutations as well as the detection methods for ESR1 mutation tracking, newly discovered potential therapeutic targets, and the clinical implications and treatment options for treating patients with ESR1 mutant-bearing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Dustin
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Guowei Gu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Suzanne A W Fuqua
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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7
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Gates LA, Gu G, Chen Y, Rohira AD, Lei JT, Hamilton RA, Yu Y, Lonard DM, Wang J, Wang SP, Edwards DG, Lavere PF, Shao J, Yi P, Jain A, Jung SY, Malovannaya A, Li S, Shao J, Roeder RG, Ellis MJ, Qin J, Fuqua SAW, O'Malley BW, Foulds CE. Proteomic profiling identifies key coactivators utilized by mutant ERα proteins as potential new therapeutic targets. Oncogene 2018; 37:4581-4598. [PMID: 29748621 PMCID: PMC6095836 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 75% of breast cancers are estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive and are treatable with endocrine therapies, but often patients develop lethal resistant disease. Frequent mutations (10–40%) in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) codons in the gene encoding ERα (ESR1) have been identified, resulting in ligand-independent, constitutively active receptors. In addition, ESR1 chromosomal translocations can occur, resulting in fusion proteins that lack the LBD and are entirely unresponsive to all endocrine treatments. Thus, identifying coactivators that bind to these mutant ERα proteins may offer new therapeutic targets for endocrine-resistant cancer. To define coactivator candidate targets, a proteomics approach was performed profiling proteins recruited to the two most common ERα LBD mutants, Y537S and D538G, and an ESR1-YAP1 fusion protein. These mutants displayed enhanced coactivator interactions as compared to unliganded wild-type ERα. Inhibition of these coactivators decreased the ability of ESR1 mutants to activate transcription and promote breast cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we have identified specific coactivators that may be useful as targets for endocrine-resistant breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A Gates
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Guowei Gu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yue Chen
- Employee of Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA, 70130, USA
| | - Aarti D Rohira
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan T Lei
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ross A Hamilton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David M Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shu-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - David G Edwards
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Philip F Lavere
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jiangyong Shao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Antrix Jain
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Anna Malovannaya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shunqiang Li
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jieya Shao
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Robert G Roeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Matthew J Ellis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Suzanne A W Fuqua
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Charles E Foulds
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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8
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Chen C, Lei J, Zheng Q, Tan S, Ding K, Yu C. Poly(rC) binding protein 2 (PCBP2) promotes the viability of human gastric cancer cells by regulating CDK2. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:764-773. [PMID: 29744291 PMCID: PMC5929926 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival rates for patients with gastric cancer, especially the advanced form, remain poor and the development of targeted treatments is hampered by a lack of efficient biological targets. Poly(rC) binding protein 2 (PCBP2) is an RNA-binding protein that contributes to mRNA stabilization, translational silencing and enhancement and it has been implicated as a promoter of gastric cancer growth. In the present study, we demonstrated that the expression level of PCBP2 was higher in human gastric cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal gastric tissues. A high level of PCBP2 was correlated with worse postoperative relapse-free survival and overall survival rates of gastric cancer patients. Small hairpin RNA-mediated depletion of PCBP2 dramatically decreased the viability of gastric cancer cells. Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) was positively regulated by PCBP2 via a direct 3' UTR binding pathway as determined using a ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation assay and a biotin pulldown assay. CDK2 mediated the promoting role of PCBP2. These results suggest that PCBP2 acts as an oncogene in human gastric cancer cells and that functionally depleting PCBP2 could be considered as a potential target for gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Chen
- Department of General Surgery (Gastrointestinal Surgery) The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medicial University Hefei China
| | - Jun Lei
- Department of General Surgery (Gastrointestinal Surgery) The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medicial University Hefei China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Department of General Surgery (Gastrointestinal Surgery) The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medicial University Hefei China
| | - Sheng Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology School of Life Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Keshuo Ding
- Department of Pathology Anhui Medical University Hefei China
| | - Changjun Yu
- Department of General Surgery (Gastrointestinal Surgery) The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medicial University Hefei China
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9
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Zhao Y, Laws MJ, Guillen VS, Ziegler Y, Min J, Sharma A, Kim SH, Chu D, Park BH, Oesterreich S, Mao C, Shapiro DJ, Nettles KW, Katzenellenbogen JA, Katzenellenbogen BS. Structurally Novel Antiestrogens Elicit Differential Responses from Constitutively Active Mutant Estrogen Receptors in Breast Cancer Cells and Tumors. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5602-5613. [PMID: 28904064 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancers develop resistance to endocrine therapy via mutation of ERs whose constitutive activation is associated with shorter patient survival. Because there is now a clinical need for new antiestrogens (AE) against these mutant ERs, we describe here our development and characterization of three chemically novel AEs that effectively suppress proliferation of breast cancer cells and tumors. Our AEs are effective against wild-type and Y537S and D538G ERs, the two most commonly occurring constitutively active ERs. The three new AEs suppressed proliferation and estrogen target gene expression in WT and mutant ER-containing cells and were more effective in D538G than in Y537S cells and tumors. Compared with WT ER, mutants exhibited approximately 10- to 20-fold lower binding affinity for AE and a reduced ability to be blocked in coactivator interaction, likely contributing to their relative resistance to inhibition by AE. Comparisons between mutant ER-containing MCF7 and T47D cells revealed that AE responses were compound, cell-type, and ERα-mutant dependent. These new ligands have favorable pharmacokinetic properties and effectively suppressed growth of WT and mutant ER-expressing tumor xenografts in NOD/SCID-γ mice after oral or subcutaneous administration; D538G tumors were more potently inhibited by AE than Y537S tumors. These studies highlight the differential responsiveness of the mutant ERs to different AEs and make clear the value of having a toolkit of AEs for treatment of endocrine therapy-resistant tumors driven by different constitutively active ERs. Cancer Res; 77(20); 5602-13. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechao Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Mary J Laws
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Valeria Sanabria Guillen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Yvonne Ziegler
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Jian Min
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - David Chu
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ben Ho Park
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Womens Cancer Research Center, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Chengjian Mao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - David J Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Kendall W Nettles
- Department of Cancer Biology, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | | | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.
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10
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Circular RNAs: A novel type of biomarker and genetic tools in cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64551-64563. [PMID: 28969093 PMCID: PMC5610025 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel type of universal and diverse endogenous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and they form a covalently closed continuous loop without 5′ or 3′ tails unlike linear RNAs. Most circRNAs are presented with characteristics of abundance, stability, conservatism, and often exhibiting tissue/developmental-stage-specific expression. CircRNAs are generated either from exons or introns by back splicing or lariat introns. CircRNAs play important roles as miRNA sponges, gene transcription and expression regulators, RNA-binding protein (RBP) sponges and protein/peptide translators. Emerging evidence revealed the function of circRNAs in cancer and may potentially serve as a required novel biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss about the origins, characteristics and functions of circRNA and how they work as miRNA sponges, gene transcription and expression regulators, RBP sponges in cancer as well as current research methods of circRNAs, providing evidence for the significance of circRNAs in cancer diagnosis and clinical treatment.
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11
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Dong Y, He D, Peng Z, Peng W, Shi W, Wang J, Li B, Zhang C, Duan C. Circular RNAs in cancer: an emerging key player. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:2. [PMID: 28049499 PMCID: PMC5210264 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogendous RNAs that form a covalently closed continuous loop and exist extensively in mammalian cells. Majority of circRNAs are conserved across species and often show tissue/developmental stage-specific expression. CircRNAs were first thought to be the result of splicing error; however, subsequent research shows that circRNAs can function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges and regulate splicing and transcription. Emerging evidence shows that circRNAs possess closely associated with human diseases, especially cancers, and may serve as better biomarkers. After miRNA and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), circRNAs are becoming a new hotspot in the field of RNA of cancer. Here, we review biogenesis and metabolism of circRNAs, their functions, and potential roles in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeping Dong
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87th, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan He
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87th, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzi Peng
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87th, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87th, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Shi
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87th, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87th, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87th, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87th, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaojun Duan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87th, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87th, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87th, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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