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Li S, Wei W, Feng Z, Bian Y, Pan J, Mai J, Ning S, Huang J, Gao X, Zhang L. Role of Serum CYFRA 21-1 in Diagnosis and Prognostic in Colorectal Liver Metastases. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:601-614. [PMID: 37434913 PMCID: PMC10332368 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s410477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In current studies, the role of serum Cytokeratin-19 fragments (CYFRA 21-1) in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the diagnostic and prognostic value of CYFRA 21-1 in CRC. Patients and Methods Data were collected for 196 stage I-III CRC patients and 50 colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) patients between January 2018 and December 2019. The serum CYFRA 21-1 levels were measured using the chemiluminescent particle immunoassay (CMIA) kit in all objects and common biomarkers such as CA19-9, CEA, HSP90α, and AFP were measured in all colorectal cancer patients. We investigated the association between CYFRA 21-1 level and clinicopathological features. In addition, we evaluated the ability of serum CRFRA21-1 to differentiate CRLM from CRC. To assess the potential prognostic value, we used Cox proportional hazard model for univariate or multivariate analyses. Results Serum CYFRA 21-1 was significantly elevated in CRLM patients compared to stage I-III CRC patients (5.85 ng/mL vs 2.29 ng/mL, p < 0.001). For all CRC patients cohort, stage I-III CRC patients cohort and CRLM patients cohort, the optimal cutoff levels of CYFRA 21-1 for overall survival (OS) were 3.47 ng/mL, 2.14 ng/mL and 7.63 ng/mL, respectively, and the optimal cutoff levels for progression-free survival (PFS) were 3.47 ng/mL, 2.56 ng/mL and 7.63 ng/mL, respectively. For CRLM patients, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with high CYFRA 21-1 level had poor OS. Multivariate analysis indicated that the CYFRA 21-1 level was an independent prognostic factor for PFS in stage I-III patients. And CYFRA 21-1 levels and age were independent prognostic factors for OS and PFS in CRLM patients. Conclusion CYFRA 21-1 can better differentiate CRLM patients from the whole CRC patients and has unique prognostic value for CRLM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Li
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wene Wei
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaorong Feng
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingzhen Bian
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinmiao Pan
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinling Mai
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shufang Ning
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Research, Guangxi Cancer Molecular Medicine Engineering Research Center, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinglei Huang
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Gao
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Litu Zhang
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Research, Guangxi Cancer Molecular Medicine Engineering Research Center, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Liu X, Liang H, Fang H, Xiao J, Yang C, Zhou Z, Feng J, Chen C. Angiopoietin-1 promotes triple-negative breast cancer cell proliferation by upregulating carboxypeptidase A4. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1487-1495. [PMID: 37162264 PMCID: PMC10520468 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-1 (ANG1) is a pro-angiogenic regulator that contributes to the progression of solid tumors by stimulating the proliferation, migration and tube formation of vascular endothelial cells, as well as the renewal and stability of blood vessels. However, the functions and mechanisms of ANG1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are unclear. The clinical sample database shows that a higher level of ANG1 in TNBC is associated with poor prognosis compared to non-TNBC. In addition, knockdown of ANG1 inhibits TNBC cell proliferation and induces cell cycle G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. Overexpression of ANG1 promotes tumor growth in nude mice. Mechanistically, ANG1 promotes TNBC by upregulating carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4) expression. Overall, the ANG1-CPA4 axis can be a therapeutic target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Medical CollegeAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan232001China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central LaboratoryFengxian District Central Hospital of ShanghaiShanghai201499China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
| | - Huichun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
| | - Huan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
| | - Ji Xiao
- College of Life Science and TechnologyGuangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development CenterJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Chuanyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
| | - Zhongmei Zhou
- The School of Continuing EducationKunming Medical UniversityKunming650500China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central LaboratoryFengxian District Central Hospital of ShanghaiShanghai201499China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen518172China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Academy of Biomedical EngineeringKunming Medical UniversityKunming650500China
- The Third Affiliated HospitalKunming Medical UniversityKunming650106China
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3
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Comprehensive Analysis of CPA4 as a Poor Prognostic Biomarker Correlated with Immune Cells Infiltration in Bladder Cancer. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111143. [PMID: 34827136 PMCID: PMC8615209 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The overexpression of Carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4) has been observed in plenty of types of cancer and has been elucidated to promote tumor growth and invasion; however, its role in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) is still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to show the prognostic role of CPA4 and its relationship with immune infiltrates in BLCA. We confirmed that the overexpression of CPA4 is associated with shorter overall survival, disease-specific survival, progress-free intervals, and higher dead events. Moreover, we found that several infiltrating immune cells (Th1cell, Th2 cell, T cell exhaustion, and Tumor-associated macrophage) were correlated with the expression of CPA4 in bladder cancer using TIMER2 and GEPIA2. In conclusion, CPA4 may be a novel and great prognostic biomarker based on bioinformation analysis in BLCA. Abstract Carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4) has shown the potential to be a biomarker in the early diagnosis of certain cancers. However, no previous research has linked CPA4 to therapeutic or prognostic significance in bladder cancer. Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we set out to determine the full extent of the link between CPA4 and BLCA. We further analyzed the interacting proteins of CPA4 and infiltrated immune cells via the TIMER2, STRING, and GEPIA2 databases. The expression of CPA4 in tumor and normal tissues was compared using the TCGA + GETx database. The connection between CPA4 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics and overall survival (OS) was investigated using multivariate methods and Kaplan–Meier survival curves. The potential functions and pathways were investigated via gene set enrichment analysis. Furthermore, we analyze the associations between CPA4 expression and infiltrated immune cells with their respective gene marker sets using the ssGSEA, TIMER2, and GEPIA2 databases. Compared with matching normal tissues, human CPA4 was found to be substantially expressed. We confirmed that the overexpression of CPA4 is linked with shorter OS, DSF(Disease-specific survival), PFI(Progression-free interval), and increased diagnostic potential using Kaplan–Meier and ROC analysis. The expression of CPA4 is related to T-bet, IL12RB2, CTLA4, and LAG3, among which T-bet and IL12RB2 are Th1 marker genes while CTLA4 and LAG3 are related to T cell exhaustion, which may be used to guide the application of checkpoint blockade and the adoption of T cell transfer therapy.
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Yan P, Lyu X, Wang S, Dong S, Zhu Z, Cheng B, Sun Y, Jiang Q, Liu J, Li F. Insufficient ablation promotes the metastasis of residual non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells via upregulating carboxypeptidase A4. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 38:1037-1051. [PMID: 34233564 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2021.1947530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermal ablation is a potentially curative therapy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Early recurrence after thermal ablation necessitates our attention. METHODS The invasion and migration abilities of NSCLC after sublethal heat stimulus were observed in vitro and in vivo. Sublethal thermal stimulus molecular changes were identified by RNA sequencing. A xenograft model of NSCLC with insufficient ablation was established to explore the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis-related phenotypes alteration of residual tumors. RESULTS In vitro, the invasion and migration abilities of NSCLC cells were enhanced 72 h after 44 °C and 46 °C thermal stimulus. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypes were also upregulated under these conditions. RNA sequencing revealed that the expression of carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4) was significantly upregulated after thermal stimulus. Significant upregulation of CPA4 and EMT phenotypes was also found in the xenograft model of insufficient NSCLC ablation. The EMT process and invasion and migration abilities can be reversed by silencing CPA4. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that sublethal heat stimulus caused by insufficient ablation can promote EMT and enhance the metastatic capacity of NSCLC. CPA4 plays an important role in these biological processes. Inhibition of CPA4 might be of great significance for improving early-stage NSCLC survival after ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yan
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Lyu
- Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, China.,Radiation and Damage Monitoring Laboratory, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Sinian Wang
- Radiation and Damage Monitoring Laboratory, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Suhe Dong
- Radiation and Damage Monitoring Laboratory, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Radiation and Damage Monitoring Laboratory, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Pathology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Sun
- Proton Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Qisheng Jiang
- Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, China.,Radiation and Damage Monitoring Laboratory, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengsheng Li
- Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, China.,Radiation and Damage Monitoring Laboratory, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
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Wang Y, Xie Y, Niu Y, Song P, Liu Y, Burnett J, Yang Z, Sun D, Ran Y, Li Y, Sun L. Carboxypeptidase A4 negatively correlates with p53 expression and regulates the stemness of breast cancer cells. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1753-1759. [PMID: 33746592 PMCID: PMC7976593 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.54954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive cancer subtype lacking effective treatment options, and p53 is the most frequently mutated or deleted gene. Carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4) is an extracellular metallocarboxypeptidase, which was closely associated with aggressiveness. Although a recent study indicated that CPA4 could induce epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells, no studies investigated its stemness-related function and the correlation between CPA4 and p53 in TNBC. In this study, we aimed to investigate the CPA4 levels in breast cancer tissues and analyze its association with p53, and study its roles in cancer stemness maintenance. Methods: CPA4 mRNA level and its prognostic value were analyzed by using online database UALCAN (http://ualcan.path.uab.edu) and Kaplan-Meier plotter (www.kmplot.com), respectively. The expression of CPA4, p53 and ALDH1A1 in breast cancer and adjacent normal tissues were evaluated by IHC using the corresponding primary antibodies on a commercial tissue array (Shanghai Biochip Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China). siRNA knockdown was used to study the function of proliferation, colony formation assay and sphere formation in serum-free medium. Results: Analysis of the UALCAN datasets identified that CPA4 mRNA levels were elevated in TNBC, especially in the TP53-mutant subgroup. Furthermore, high levels of CPA4 mRNA were significantly associated with unfavourable overall survival OS in breast cancer patients. Immunohistochemistical analysis demonstrated that CPA4 levels were elevated in 32.1% of breast cancer samples (45/140), and the positive rates of ALDH1A1 and p53 in the breast cancer tissues were 25% (35/140) and 50% (70/140), respectively. Statistical analysis revealed high levels of CPA4 was significantly associated with TNBC phenotype. Correlation analysis indicated that CPA4 over-expression was positively associated with ALDH1A1 (P<0.01) and negatively correlated with p53 (P<0.05). In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, either high CPA4 or ALDH1A1 levels was significantly correlated with poor survival in breast cancer patients. Functional studies demonstrated that down-regulation of CPA4 significantly inhibited TNBC cell proliferation, colony-formation assays in soft agar and sphere formation in serum-free medium. Conclusion: This study demonstrated for the first time that CPA4 was negatively correlates with p53 expression and inhibition of CPA4 could reduce the number of breast cancer cells with stemness property. It might be a potential target for the TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yibin Xie
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P.R. China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of oncology, second medical centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Joseph Burnett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yuliang Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Lichao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P.R. China
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6
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Kren N, Michaud D, Bagchi S, Greene K, Pylayeva-Gupta Y. Rab27a plays a dual role in metastatic propensity of pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7390. [PMID: 32355248 PMCID: PMC7193593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy, often diagnosed at metastatic stages. Several studies have implicated systemic factors, such as extracellular vesicle release and myeloid cell expansion, in the establishment of pre-metastatic niches in cancer. The Rab27a GTPase is overexpressed in advanced cancers, can regulate vesicle trafficking, and has been previously linked to non-cell autonomous control of tumor growth and metastasis, however, the role of Rab27a itself in the metastatic propensity of pancreatic cancer is not well understood. Here, we have established a model to study how Rab27a directs formation of the pre-metastatic niche. Loss of Rab27a in pancreatic cancer cells did not decrease tumor growth in vivo, but resulted in altered systemic myeloid cell expansion, both in the primary tumors and at the distant organ sites. In metastasis assays, loss of Rab27a expression in tumor cells injected into circulation compromised efficient outgrowth of metastatic lesions. However, Rab27a knockdown cells had an unexpected advantage at initial steps of metastatic seeding, suggesting that Rab27a may alter cell-autonomous invasive properties of the tumor cells. Gene expression analysis of gene expression revealed that downregulation of Rab27a increased expression of genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathways, consistent with our findings that primary tumors arising from Rab27a knockdown cells were more invasive. Overall, these data reveal that Rab27a can play divergent roles in regulating pro-metastatic propensity of pancreatic cancer cells: by generating pro-metastatic environment at the distant organ sites, and by suppressing invasive properties of the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Kren
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel Michaud
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sukriti Bagchi
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,University of Arizona, AZ, USA
| | - Kevin Greene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. .,Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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7
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Abudurexiti M, Xie H, Jia Z, Zhu Y, Zhu Y, Shi G, Zhang H, Dai B, Wan F, Shen Y, Ye D. Development and External Validation of a Novel 12-Gene Signature for Prediction of Overall Survival in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:856. [PMID: 31552180 PMCID: PMC6743371 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to develop and validate a novel gene signature from published data and improve the prediction of survival in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Methods: We searched the published gene signatures associated with the overall survival (OS) of MIBC and compiled all 274 genes to develop a novel gene signature. RNAseq data of TCGA (the Cancer Genome Atlas) bladder cohort were downloaded. All genes were included in a univariate Cox hazard ratio model. We then used a reduced multivariate Cox regression model, which included only genes achieving P < 0.05 in the univariate model. A total of 172 patients at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) and 61 patients from GEO datasets were used as an external validation set. Results: A total of 327 patients in the TCGA cohort were enrolled. We identified 274 genes from eight published papers on the OS of MIBC. Using the TCGA database, we identified 12 genes that correlated with OS (P < 0.05 in both univariate and multivariate analyses). By integrating these genes with the RT-qPCR data in our validation dataset and GEO datasets, we confirmed that the power for predicting OS of the 12-gene panel (AUC of 0.741 and 0.727, respectively) was higher than just clinical data (including gender, age, T stage, grade, and N stage) alone in the TCGA and FUSCC cohort (AUC of 0.667 and 0.631, respectively). Additionally, upon combining the clinical data and 12-gene panel together, the AUC increased to 0.768, 0.757, and 0.88 in the TCGA, FUSCC and GSE13507 cohorts, respectively. Conclusions: Applying published gene signatures and TCGA data, we successfully built and externally validated a novel 12-gene signature for the survival of MIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- MierXiati Abudurexiti
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huyang Xie
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhongwei Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohai Shi
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangning Wan
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Shen
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Carboxypeptidase A4 promotes cell growth via activating STAT3 and ERK signaling pathways and predicts a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:125-134. [PMID: 31279884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4) is a novel cancer-related gene that is aberrantly expressed in various malignant tumors. However, the roles and mechanisms of CPA4 have not been explored in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we investigated the functions and mechanisms by which CPA4 promotes CRC progression. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot showed that CPA4 mRNA and CPA4 protein levels were up-regulated in CRC compared to levels in adjacent normal tissue. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) results indicating high CPA4 levels were positively associated with poor prognoses. In addition, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, flow cytometry, and transwell assays demonstrated that CPA4 overexpression facilitated the growth of CRC cells, whereas CPA4 knockdown resulted in decreased proliferation, G1/S phase transition arrest, and apoptosis. Subcutaneous tumorigenesis was performed in nude mice to confirm the tumor-promoting effects of CPA4 in vivo. Western blot revealed that activation of the STAT3 and ERK pathways is one of the oncogenic functions of CPA4 in CRC. Accordingly, CPA4 promotes CRC cell growth via activating the STAT3 and ERK pathways and may be a prognostic factor or therapeutic target for CRC.
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9
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Zhang H, Hao C, Wang H, Shang H, Li Z. Carboxypeptidase A4 promotes proliferation and stem cell characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Exp Pathol 2019; 100:133-138. [PMID: 31058377 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4), a member of the metallo-carboxypeptidase family, is overexpressed in liver cancer and is associated with cancer progression. The role of CPA4 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relevance of CPA4 to the proliferation and expression of stem cell characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Western blot analysis showed high CPA4 expression in the liver cancer cell line Bel7402 and low expression in HepG2 cells. Knock-down of CPA4 decreased cancer cell proliferation as detected by MTT and clone formation assays. The serum-free culture system revealed that downregulated CPA4 suppressed the sphere formation capacities of tumour cells. However, upregulated CPA4 increased the proliferation and sphere formation capacity. In addition, the protein expression of CD133, ALDH1 and CD44 also increased in cells with upregulated CPA4. In vivo, the overexpression of CPA4 in tumour cells that were subcutaneously injected into nude mice markedly increased the growth of the tumours. These data suggest that CPA4 expression leads to poor prognoses by regulating tumour proliferation and the expression of stem cell characteristics and may therefore serve as a potential therapeutic target of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Nan-Kai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengfei Hao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Nan-Kai Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Nan-Kai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Haitao Shang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Nan-Kai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhonglian Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Nan-Kai Hospital, Tianjin, China
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10
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Everson TM, Marable C, Deyssenroth MA, Punshon T, Jackson BP, Lambertini L, Karagas MR, Chen J, Marsit CJ. Placental Expression of Imprinted Genes, Overall and in Sex-Specific Patterns, Associated with Placental Cadmium Concentrations and Birth Size. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:57005. [PMID: 31082282 PMCID: PMC6791491 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal cadmium (Cd) exposure has been recognized to restrict growth, and male and female fetuses may have differential susceptibility to the developmental toxicity of Cd. Imprinted genes, which exhibit monoallelic expression based on parent of origin, are highly expressed in placental tissues. The function of these genes is particularly critical to fetal growth and development, and some are expressed in sex-specific patterns. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine whether prenatal Cd associates with the expression of imprinted placental genes, overall or in fetal sex-specific patterns, across two independent epidemiologic studies. METHODS We tested for Cd–sex interactions in association with gene expression, then regressed the placental expression levels of 74 putative imprinted genes on placental log-Cd concentrations while adjusting for maternal age, sex, smoking history, and educational attainment. These models were performed within study- and sex-specific strata in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS; [Formula: see text]) and the Rhode Island Child Health Study (RICHS; [Formula: see text]). We then used fixed-effects models to estimate the sex-specific and overall associations across strata and then examine heterogeneity in the associations by fetal sex. RESULTS We observed that higher Cd concentrations were associated with higher expression of distal-less homeobox 5 (DLX5) ([Formula: see text]), and lower expression of h19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript (H19) ([Formula: see text]) and necdin, MAGE family member (NDN) ([Formula: see text]) across study and sex-specific strata, while three other genes [carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4), growth factor receptor bound protein 10 (GRB10), and integrin-linked kinase (ILK)] were significantly associated with Cd concentrations, but only among female placenta ([Formula: see text]). Additionally, the expression of DLX5, H19, and NDN, the most statistically significant Cd-associated genes, were also associated with standardized birth weight z-scores. DISCUSSION The differential regulation of a set of imprinted genes, particularly DLX5, H19, and NDN, in association with prenatal Cd exposure may be involved in overall developmental toxicity, and some imprinted genes may respond to Cd exposure in a manner that is specific to infant gender. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4264.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M. Everson
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carmen Marable
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maya A. Deyssenroth
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tracy Punshon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Brian P. Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Luca Lambertini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Bademler S, Ucuncu MZ, Tilgen Vatansever C, Serilmez M, Ertin H, Karanlık H. Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4) in Breast Cancer. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9030103. [PMID: 30875843 PMCID: PMC6468575 DOI: 10.3390/biom9030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research focused on prolonged survival has suggested that carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4) plays a role in both tumor microenvironment formation and distant metastasis in cancer. In some patients, serum and expression (mRNA) levels of CPA4 have been found to be correlated with the aggressiveness and progression of the disease. Accordingly, we conducted a first study to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of CPA4 in the case of breast cancer (BC), the most common form of malignancy in women. The study included a total of 50 patients with BC and 20 healthy women as the control group. The participants’ serum CPA4 levels were determined by the ELISA test, and, for assessment of CPA4 mRNA, we used the PCR method. The serum CPA4 (p = 0.001) and CPA4 mRNA (p = 0.015) levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in the controls, compared to the patient group. When the results of patient group were statistically analyzed based on subgrouping by tumor characteristics, the measured CPA4 mRNA levels showed significant difference with respect to the molecular subtype (p = 0.006), pN status (p = 0.023), and pathological stage (p = 0.039), while the serum CPA4 measurements differed significantly in terms of pathological type only (p = 0.024). We conclude that CPA4 is diagnostically and prognostically not futile when used in combination with the other considerations and measurements in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Bademler
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Ceren Tilgen Vatansever
- Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Murat Serilmez
- Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Ertin
- Department of Medical Ethics and History, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hasan Karanlık
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
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Carboxypeptidase A4 accumulation is associated with an aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:833-844. [PMID: 30628666 PMCID: PMC6365037 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Using whole transcriptome analysis and a lentiviral short hairpin RNA screening library, carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4) was identified as a novel marker in breast cancer and a therapeutic target in triple‑negative breast cancer (TNBC) in the present study. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the presence of CPA4, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, Ki67, epidermal growth factor receptor, cytokeratin 5/6, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, cluster of differentiation (CD)44, CD24, claudins, E‑cadherin, vimentin and androgen receptor in 221 cases of breast cancer, including 68 TNBC cases. The effects of CPA4 on the viability and migration ability of TNBC cells were analyzed using RNA interference methods. Increased CPA4 expression, specifically in the cytoplasm of cancer tissue cells, was detected. Furthermore, high CPA4 expression in TNBC cases was associated with low expression of E‑cadherin and with the expression of cancer stem cell markers (high CD44/low CD24). Patients with TNBC and high levels of CPA4 expression had a significantly poorer prognosis compared with those with low CPA4 expression. Notably, viability and migration were reduced, but E‑cadherin expression was upregulated in CPA4‑suppressed TNBC cells. The present data suggested that CPA4 may be a novel inducer for epithelial‑mesenchymal transition, which is characterized by the downregulation of E‑cadherin and mesenchymal phenotypes. To conclude, CPA4 may be a marker for poor prognosis and a promising therapeutic target in TNBC with aggressive phenotypes.
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