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Wang Y, Hu Y, Wang M, Wang M, Xu Y. The Role of Breast Cancer Cells in Bone Metastasis: Suitable Seeds for Nourishing Soil. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:28-43. [PMID: 38206556 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review was to describe the characteristics of breast cancer cells prone to developing bone metastasis and determine how they are regulated by the bone microenvironment. RECENT FINDINGS The bone is a site of frequent breast cancer metastasis. Bone metastasis accounts for 70% of advanced breast cancer cases and remains incurable. It can lead to skeletal-related events, such as bone fracture and pain, and seriously affect the quality of life of patients. Breast cancer cells escape from the primary lesion and spread to the bone marrow in the early stages. They can then enter the dormant state and restore tumourigenicity after several years to develop overt metastasis. In the last few years, an increasing number of studies have reported on the factors promoting bone metastasis of breast cancer cells, both at the primary and metastatic sites. Identifying factors associated with bone metastasis aids in the early recognition of bone metastasis tendency. How to target these factors and minimize the side effects on the bone remains to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiou Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Outpatient, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Mozhi Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengshen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Nolan E, Kang Y, Malanchi I. Mechanisms of Organ-Specific Metastasis of Breast Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a041326. [PMID: 36987584 PMCID: PMC10626265 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis, or the development of secondary tumors in distant tissues, accounts for the vast majority of fatalities in patients with breast cancer. Breast cancer cells show a striking proclivity to metastasize to distinct organs, specifically the lung, liver, bone, and brain, where they face unique environmental pressures and a wide variety of tissue-resident cells that together create a strong barrier for tumor survival and growth. As a consequence, successful metastatic colonization is critically dependent on reciprocal cross talk between cancer cells and host cells within the target organ, a relationship that shapes the formation of a tumor-supportive microenvironment. Here, we discuss the mechanisms governing organ-specific metastasis in breast cancer, focusing on the intricate interactions between metastatic cells and specific niche cells within a secondary organ, and the remarkable adaptations of both compartments that cooperatively support cancer growth. More broadly, we aim to provide a framework for the microenvironmental prerequisites within each distinct metastatic site for successful breast cancer metastatic seeding and outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Nolan
- Tumour Host Interaction laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Princeton Branch, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Ilaria Malanchi
- Tumour Host Interaction laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
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Giorello MB, Martinez LM, Borzone FR, Padin MDR, Mora MF, Sevic I, Alaniz L, Calcagno MDL, García-Rivello H, Wernicke A, Labovsky V, Chasseing NA. CD105 expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts: a biomarker for bone metastasis in early invasive ductal breast cancer patients. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1250869. [PMID: 37719885 PMCID: PMC10501720 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1250869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bone metastasis is one of the causes that mainly decrease survival in patients with advanced breast cancer. Therefore, it is essential to find prognostic markers for the occurrence of this type of metastasis during the early stage of the disease. Currently, cancer-associated fibroblasts, which represent 80% of the fibroblasts present in the tumor microenvironment, are an interesting target for studying new biomarkers and developing alternative therapies. This study evaluated the prognostic significance of the CD105 expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts in early breast cancer patients. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to assess CD105 expression in invasive ductal breast carcinomas (n = 342), analyzing its association with clinical and pathological characteristics. Results: High CD105 expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts was associated with an increased risk of metastatic occurrence (p = 0.0003), particularly bone metastasis (p = 0.0005). Furthermore, high CD105 expression was associated with shorter metastasis-free survival, bone metastasis-free survival, and overall survival (p = 0.0002, 0.0006, and 0.0002, respectively). CD105 expression also constituted an independent prognostic factor for metastasis-free survival, bone metastasis-free survival, and overall survival (p = 0.0003, 0.0006, and 0.0001, respectively). Discussion: The high CD105 expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts is an independent prognostic marker for bone metastasis in early breast cancer patients. Therefore, the evaluation of CD105(+) CAFs could be crucial to stratify BCPs based on their individual risk profile for the development of BM, enhancing treatment strategies and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Giorello
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Marcelo Martinez
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Francisco Raúl Borzone
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Ina Sevic
- Laboratorio de Microambiente Tumoral, Centro de Investigaciones Basicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Junín, Argentina
| | - Laura Alaniz
- Laboratorio de Microambiente Tumoral, Centro de Investigaciones Basicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Junín, Argentina
| | | | | | - Alejandra Wernicke
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vivian Labovsky
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norma Alejandra Chasseing
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Tian Y, Zhao L, Gui Z, Liu S, Liu C, Yu T, Zhang L. Clinical and pathological features analysis of invasive breast cancer with microcalcification. Cancer Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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Li R, Lin Y, Hu F, Liao Y, Tang J, Shen Y, Li H, Guo J, Xie L. LncRNA TEX41 regulates autophagy by increasing Runx2 expression in lung adenocarcinoma bone metastasis. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:949-966. [PMID: 36915748 PMCID: PMC10006796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism underlying the role of TEX41 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) bone metastasis (BM). METHODS We analyzed the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of TEX41 using bioinformatics. TEX41 and Runx2 expressions were measured in clinical tissue samples and cell lines by quantitative PCR. The effects of TEX41 on LUAD cell proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis as well as its mechanism of action were investigated. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to determine TEX41 and Runx2 colocalization. Subcutaneous tumor growth and BM were evaluated in nude mice by X-ray and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. RESULTS TEX41 was dramatically increased in LUAD BM tissue, indicating a poorer prognosis in patients with LUAD and BM. TEX41 knockdown suppressed the migration and metastasis of LUAD cells, whereas TEX41 overexpression promoted these processes. Data from X-ray and HE staining showed that TEX41 supported the BM in LUAD. TEX41 overexpression induced autophagy in LUAD cells, as demonstrated by changes in autophagy markers. Results of FISH showed that TEX41 and Runx2 colocalized in the nucleus, and Runx2 expression was regulated by TEX41. The effects of TEX41 on LUAD cell migration, invasion, metastasis and autophagy were counteracted by Runx2 inhibition. Moreover, the role of TEX41 in the metastasis was partially dependent on autophagy, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT might be the major signaling pathway involved in TEX41-regulated autophagy. CONCLUSION TEX41 promotes autophagy in LUAD cells by upregulating Runx2 to mediate LUAD migration, invasion and BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanping Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fengdi Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yedan Liao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiadai Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Heng Li
- 2nd Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiangyan Guo
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Cancer-Associated Exosomal CBFB Facilitates the Aggressive Phenotype, Evasion of Oxidative Stress, and Preferential Predisposition to Bone Prometastatic Factor of Breast Cancer Progression. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8446629. [PMID: 35903297 PMCID: PMC9325341 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8446629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Despite therapeutic advancements, metastasis remains a major cause in breast cancer-specific mortality. Breast cancer cells are susceptible to oxidative damage and exhibit high levels of oxidative stress, including protein damage, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation. Some breast cancer risk factors may change the level of endogenous oxidative stress. Circulating exosomes play critical roles in tumorigenesis, distant metastasis, and poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Methods. We used an online database to analyze the expression and prognostic value of core binding factor subunit β (CBFB) and oxidative stress–related targets in patients with breast cancer. Serum from healthy controls and patients with primary breast cancer or bone metastatic breast cancer in the bone was collected. Exosomes were isolated from the sera or cell culture media. We used an MDA-MB-436-innoculated tumor xenograft mouse model for silencing CBFB. Results. Circulating exosomes from patients with breast cancer metastasis to the bone were rich in CBFB. The human mammary fibroblast cells HMF3A and fibroblasts derived from patient samples cocultured with exosomes had increased α-SMA and vimentin expression and IL-6 and OPN secretion. Similarly, nonmetastatic breast cancer cells cocultured with exosomes exhibited increased levels of certain markers, including vimentin, snail1, CXCR4, and Runx2, and the exosomes had high CBFB expression. Silencing CBFB in metastatic MDA-MB-436 and MDA-MB-157 cells resulted in suppressed migration and invasion and downregulation of vimentin, CXCR4, snail1, Runx2, CD44, and OPN. Conversely, CBFB overexpression resulted in upregulation of Runx2, vimentin, snail1, CD44, and OPN in nonmetastatic T47D and MCF12A cells. The CBFB-rich exosomes derived from MDA-MB-436 cells induced enhanced metastatic phenotypes in the low-metastatic T47D and MCF12A cell lines. Conclusion. Our results revealed that CBFB may promote bone metastasis in patients with breast cancer. Of therapeutic relevance, targeting CBFB resulted in decreased tumor burden and bone metastasis, downregulation of bone metastasis markers, and impaired regulation of oxidative stress–related proteins NAE1 and NOS1.
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Li XQ, Zhang R, Lu H, Yue XM, Huang YF. Extracellular Vesicle-Packaged CDH11 and ITGA5 Induce the Premetastatic Niche for Bone Colonization of Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1560-1574. [PMID: 35149589 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although most breast cancer metastases in bone cause osteolytic lesions, the osteogenic niche has commonly been described as an initiator of early-stage bone colonization of disseminated cancer cells. Tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) have been shown to determine the organotropism of cancer cells by transferring their cargo, such as nucleic acids and proteins, to resident cells at future metastatic sites and preparing a favorable premetastatic niche. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and its regulated genes have been shown to facilitate the acquisition of osteomimetic features and to enhance the bone metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. In this study, we present in vivo and in vitro evidence to clarify the role of EVs released by breast cancer cells with high RUNX2 expression in the education of osteoblasts to form an osteogenic premetastatic niche. Furthermore, different extracellular vesicular proteins were identified that mediate events subsequent to the specific recognition of tumor-derived EVs by osteoblasts via cadherin 11 (CDH11) and the induction of the osteogenic premetastatic niche by integrin α5 (ITGA5). CDH11high/ITGA5high EVs were demonstrated to be responsible for the formation of a premetastatic niche that facilitates RUNX2 high-expressing breast cancer cell colonization in bone, revealing a potential EV-based premetastatic niche blockage strategy. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides mechanistic insights into the generation of an osteogenic premetastatic niche by breast cancer-derived EVs and identifies potential EV-derived diagnostic biomarkers and targets for breast cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Min Yue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Fan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
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Satcher RL, Zhang XHF. Evolving cancer-niche interactions and therapeutic targets during bone metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:85-101. [PMID: 34611349 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many cancer types metastasize to bone. This propensity may be a product of genetic traits of the primary tumour in some cancers. Upon arrival, cancer cells establish interactions with various bone-resident cells during the process of colonization. These interactions, to a large degree, dictate cancer cell fates at multiple steps of the metastatic cascade, from single cells to overt metastases. The bone microenvironment may even influence cancer cells to subsequently spread to multiple other organs. Therefore, it is imperative to spatiotemporally delineate the evolving cancer-bone crosstalk during bone colonization. In this Review, we provide a summary of the bone microenvironment and its impact on bone metastasis. On the basis of the microscopic anatomy, we tentatively define a roadmap of the journey of cancer cells through bone relative to various microenvironment components, including the potential of bone to function as a launch pad for secondary metastasis. Finally, we examine common and distinct features of bone metastasis from various cancer types. Our goal is to stimulate future studies leading to the development of a broader scope of potent therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Satcher
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiang H-F Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Multi-Marker Immunofluorescent Staining and PD-L1 Detection on Circulating Tumour Cells from Ovarian Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246225. [PMID: 34944844 PMCID: PMC8699768 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) have the potential to serve as a rich source of information for cancer diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. To fully exploit this minimally invasive diagnostic resource requires techniques that aid in enriching heterogenous populations of CTCs and markers to efficiently characterise these cells as tumour derived. In the present study we eva-luated the microfluidic enrichment of CTCs and a multi-marker staining methodology for the identification of heterogeneous CTCs in ovarian cancer (OC) patients and evaluation of PD-L1 expression. We showed, for the first time, the existence of hybrid CTCs with an epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype and their association with PD-L1 in OC. Incorporation of this method in future clinical trials can help predict immunotherapy responsiveness in OC patients. Abstract Detection of ovarian cancer (OC) circulating tumour cells (CTCs) is primarily based on targeting epithelial markers, thus failing to detect mesenchymal tumour cells. More importantly, the immune checkpoint inhibitor marker PD-L1 has not been demonstrated on CTCs from OC patients. An antibody staining protocol was developed and tested using SKOV-3 and OVCA432 OC cell lines. We targeted epithelial (cytokeratin (CK) and EpCAM), mesenchymal (vimentin), and OC-specific (PAX8) markers for detection of CTCs, and CD45/16 and CD31 were used for the exclusion of white blood and vascular endothelial cells, respectively. PD-L1 was used for CTC characterisation. CTCs were enriched using the Parsortix™ system from 16 OC patients. Results revealed the presence of CTCs in 10 (63%) cases. CTCs were heterogeneous, with 113/157 (72%) cells positive for CK/EpCAM (epithelial marker), 58/157 (37%) positive for vimentin (mesenchymal marker), and 17/157 (11%) for both (hybrid). PAX8 was only found in 11/157 (7%) CTCs. In addition, 62/157 (39%) CTCs were positive for PD-L1. Positivity for PD-L1 was significantly associated with the hybrid phenotype when compared with the epithelial (p = 0.007) and mesenchymal (p = 0.0009) expressing CTCs. Characterisation of CTC phenotypes in relation to clinical outcomes is needed to provide insight into the role that epithelial to mesenchymal plasticity plays in OC and its relationship with PD-L1.
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Othman A, Winogradzki M, Lee L, Tandon M, Blank A, Pratap J. Bone Metastatic Breast Cancer: Advances in Cell Signaling and Autophagy Related Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174310. [PMID: 34503118 PMCID: PMC8431094 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a frequent complication of breast cancer with nearly 70% of metastatic breast cancer patients developing bone metastasis during the course of their disease. The bone represents a dynamic microenvironment which provides a fertile soil for disseminated tumor cells, however, the mechanisms which regulate the interactions between a metastatic tumor and the bone microenvironment remain poorly understood. Recent studies indicate that during the metastatic process a bidirectional relationship between metastatic tumor cells and the bone microenvironment begins to develop. Metastatic cells display aberrant expression of genes typically reserved for skeletal development and alter the activity of resident cells within the bone microenvironment to promote tumor development, resulting in the severe bone loss. While transcriptional regulation of the metastatic process has been well established, recent findings from our and other research groups highlight the role of the autophagy and secretory pathways in interactions between resident and tumor cells during bone metastatic tumor growth. These reports show high levels of autophagy-related markers, regulatory factors of the autophagy pathway, and autophagy-mediated secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP's), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP), as well as WNT5A in bone metastatic breast cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the recently elucidated mechanisms and their crosstalk with signaling pathways, and potential therapeutic targets for bone metastatic disease.
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Nair MG, Somashekaraiah VM, Ramamurthy V, Prabhu JS, Sridhar TS. miRNAs: Critical mediators of breast cancer metastatic programming. Exp Cell Res 2021; 401:112518. [PMID: 33607102 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA mediated aberrant gene regulation has been implicated in several diseases including cancer. Recent research has highlighted the role of epigenetic modulation of the complex process of breast cancer metastasis by miRNAs. miRNAs play a crucial role in the process of metastatic evolution by facilitating alterations in the phenotype of tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment that promote this process. They act as critical determinants of the multi-step progression starting from carcinogenesis all the way to organotropism. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of the compelling role of miRNAs in breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumathy G Nair
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India.
| | | | - Vishakha Ramamurthy
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Jyothi S Prabhu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - T S Sridhar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
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Nakayama J, Han Y, Kuroiwa Y, Azuma K, Yamamoto Y, Semba K. The In Vivo Selection Method in Breast Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1886. [PMID: 33672831 PMCID: PMC7918415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a complex event in cancer progression and causes most deaths from cancer. Repeated transplantation of metastatic cancer cells derived from transplanted murine organs can be used to select the population of highly metastatic cancer cells; this method is called as in vivo selection. The in vivo selection method and highly metastatic cancer cell lines have contributed to reveal the molecular mechanisms of cancer metastasis. Here, we present an overview of the methodology for the in vivo selection method. Recent comparative analysis of the transplantation methods for metastasis have revealed the divergence of metastasis gene signatures. Even cancer cells that metastasize to the same organ show various metastatic cascades and gene expression patterns by changing the transplantation method for the in vivo selection. These findings suggest that the selection of metastasis models for the study of metastasis gene signatures has the potential to influence research results. The study of novel gene signatures that are identified from novel highly metastatic cell lines and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) will be helpful for understanding the novel mechanisms of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nakayama
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (Y.K.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuxuan Han
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (Y.H.); (K.A.); (K.S.)
| | - Yuka Kuroiwa
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (Y.K.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (Y.H.); (K.A.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazushi Azuma
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (Y.H.); (K.A.); (K.S.)
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (Y.K.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Kentaro Semba
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (Y.H.); (K.A.); (K.S.)
- Department of Cell Factory, Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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Analysis of genomics and immune infiltration patterns of epithelial-mesenchymal transition related to metastatic breast cancer to bone. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100993. [PMID: 33333372 PMCID: PMC7736716 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to design a weighted co-expression network and a breast cancer (BC) prognosis evaluation system using a specific whole-genome expression profile combined with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes; thus, providing the basis and reference for assessing the prognosis risk of spreading of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) to the bone. METHODS Four gene expression datasets of a large number of samples from GEO were downloaded and combined with the dbEMT database to screen out EMT differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Using the GSE20685 dataset as a training set, we designed a weighted co-expression network for EMT DEGs, and the hub genes most relevant to metastasis were selected. We chose eight hub genes to build prognostic assessment models to estimate the 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates. We evaluated the models' independent predictive abilities using univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses. Two GEO datasets related to bone metastases from BC were downloaded and used to perform differential genetic analysis. We used CIBERSORT to distinguish 22 immune cell types based on tumor transcripts. RESULTS Differential expression analysis showed a total of 304 DEGs, which were mainly related to proteoglycans in cancer, and the PI3K/Akt and the TGF-β signaling pathways, as well as mesenchyme development, focal adhesion, and cytokine binding functionally. The 50 hub genes were selected, and a survival-related linear risk assessment model consisting of eight genes (FERMT2, ITGA5, ITGB1, MCAM, CEMIP, HGF, TGFBR1, F2RL2) was constructed. The survival rate of patients in the high-risk group (HRG) was substantially lower than that of the low-risk group (LRG), and the 3-, 5-, and 10-year AUCs were 0.68, 0.687, and 0.672, respectively. In addition, we explored the DEGs of BC bone metastasis, and BMP2, BMPR2, and GREM1 were differentially expressed in both data sets. In GSE20685, memory B cells, resting memory T cell CD4 cells, T regulatory cells (Tregs), γδ T cells, monocytes, M0 macrophages, M2 macrophages, resting dendritic cells (DCs), resting mast cells, and neutrophils exhibited substantially different distribution between HRG and LRG. In GSE45255, there was a considerable difference in abundance of activated NK cells, monocytes, M0 macrophages, M2 macrophages, resting DCs, and neutrophils in HRG and LRG. CONCLUSIONS Based on the weighted co-expression network for breast-cancer-metastasis-related DEGs, we screened hub genes to explore a prognostic model and the immune infiltration patterns of MBC. The results of this study provided a factual basis to bioinformatically explore the molecular mechanisms of the spread of MBC to the bone and the possibility of predicting the survival of patients.
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Breast Cancer and Microcalcifications: An Osteoimmunological Disorder? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228613. [PMID: 33203195 PMCID: PMC7696282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of microcalcifications in the breast microenvironment, combined with the growing evidences of the possible presence of osteoblast-like or osteoclast-like cells in the breast, suggest the existence of active processes of calcification in the breast tissue during a woman’s life. Furthermore, much evidence that osteoimmunological disorders, such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or periodontitis influence the risk of developing breast cancer in women exists and vice versa. Antiresorptive drugs benefits on breast cancer incidence and progression have been reported in the past decades. More recently, biological agents targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines used against rheumatoid arthritis also demonstrated benefits against breast cancer cell lines proliferation, viability, and migratory abilities, both in vitro and in vivo in xenografted mice. Hence, it is tempting to hypothesize that breast carcinogenesis should be considered as a potential osteoimmunological disorder. In this review, we compare microenvironments and molecular characteristics in the most frequent osteoimmunological disorders with major events occurring in a woman’s breast during her lifetime. We also highlight what the use of bone anabolic drugs, antiresorptive, and biological agents targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines against breast cancer can teach us.
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15
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Liu C, Zhao Q, Yu X. Bone Marrow Adipocytes, Adipocytokines, and Breast Cancer Cells: Novel Implications in Bone Metastasis of Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:561595. [PMID: 33123472 PMCID: PMC7566900 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.561595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating discoveries highlight the importance of interaction between marrow stromal cells and cancer cells for bone metastasis. Bone is the most common metastatic site of breast cancer and bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) are the most abundant component of the bone marrow microenvironment. BMAs are unique in their origin and location, and recently they are found to serve as an endocrine organ that secretes adipokines, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. It is reasonable to speculate that BMAs contribute to the modification of bone metastatic microenvironment and affecting metastatic breast cancer cells in the bone marrow. Indeed, BMAs may participate in bone metastasis of breast cancer through regulation of recruitment, invasion, survival, colonization, proliferation, angiogenesis, and immune modulation by their production of various adipocytokines. In this review, we provide an overview of research progress, focusing on adipocytokines secreted by BMAs and their potential roles for bone metastasis of breast cancer, and investigating the mechanisms mediating the interaction between BMAs and metastatic breast cancer cells. Based on current findings, BMAs may function as a pivotal modulator of bone metastasis of breast cancer, therefore targeting BMAs combined with conventional treatment programs might present a promising therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of General Practice, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Meurer SK, Tezcan O, Lammers T, Weiskirchen R. Differential regulation of Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) in doxorubicin-resistant 4T1 triple negative breast cancer cells. Cell Signal 2020; 74:109731. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Li J, Wang X, Yang F, Yuan J, Cui Q, Nie F, Zhang J. Matrine enhances osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and promotes bone regeneration in rapid maxillary expansion. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 118:104862. [PMID: 32810708 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of matrine on osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) as well as on bone metabolism in a rat rapid maxillary expansion (RME) model. METHODS In in vitro experiments, rat BMSCs were adopted and cell proliferation of BMSCs was measured. Meanwhile, the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was detected by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, Alizarin red S staining and gene expression. In vivo bone regeneration was analyzed in a rat RME model. Eighteen rats were divided into 3 groups: one group without any treatment, one group receiving only RME, and a group with RME and matrine treatment. After 2 weeks, new bone formation was detected by Micro-CT and histology. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate ALP and BMP2 expression. RESULTS Overall, we found that matrine upregulated cell proliferation dose-dependently. Also, ALP activity and mineralized matrix generation were enhanced. Moreover, the osteoblast-related gene expression (ALP, bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin) by BMSCs was also promoted. Micro-CT revealed that matrine significantly promoted in vivo bone formation after 2 weeks. Concomitantly, histological examination of haematoxylin-eosin, safranin-O and toluidine blue staining confirmed these findings. In addition, the levels of ALP and BMP2 in the palatal suture tissues of rats with matrine treatment were the highest among three groups. CONCLUSION This work suggests that matrine regulates osteogenesis and enhances bone regeneration. Matrine treatment may be beneficial in improving the stability of maxillary expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xuxia Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiakan Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qun Cui
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fujiao Nie
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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Deligiorgi MV, Panayiotidis MI, Griniatsos J, Trafalis DT. Harnessing the versatile role of OPG in bone oncology: counterbalancing RANKL and TRAIL signaling and beyond. Clin Exp Metastasis 2020; 37:13-30. [PMID: 31578655 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-09997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
More than 2 decades ago, the discovery of osteoprotegerin (OPG) as inhibitor of the receptor of activator of nuclear factor Kb (RANK) ligand (RANKL) revolutionized our understanding of bone biology and oncology. Besides acting as decoy receptor for RANKL, OPG acts as decoy receptor for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). OPG, RANKL, and TRAIL are ubiquitously expressed, stimulating per se pivotal signaling cascades implicated in cancer. In the context of cancer cell-bone cell interactions, cancer cells skew the OPG/RANKL/RANK (RANKL cognate receptor) balance towards bone destruction and tumor growth through favoring the RANKL/RANK interface, circumventing OPG. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate the dual role of OPG in cancer: antitumor and tumor-promoting. OPG potentially conveys an antitumor signal through inhibiting the tumor-promoting RANKL signaling-both the osteoclast-dependent and the osteoclast-independent-and the tumor-promoting TRAIL signaling. On the other hand, the presumed tumor-promoting functions of OPG are: (i) abrogation of TRAIL-induced apoptosis of cancer cells; (ii) abrogation of RANKL-induced antitumor immunity; and (iii) stimulation of oncogenic and prometastatic signaling cascades downstream of the interaction of OPG with diverse proteins. The present review dissects the role of OPG in bone oncology. It presents the available preclinical and clinical data sustaining the dual role of OPG in cancer and focuses on the imbalanced RANKL/RANK/OPG interplay in the landmark "vicious cycle" of skeletal metastatic disease, osteosarcoma, and multiple myeloma. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives in exploiting OPG signaling in bone oncology therapeutics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Deligiorgi
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Room A516, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - John Griniatsos
- 1st Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Str, Goudi, 115-27, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios T Trafalis
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
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Sharma T, Sharma A, Maheshwari R, Pachori G, Kumari P, Mandal CC. Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Inhibits Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) Elevated Osteoblast Potential of Metastatic Breast Cancer (MDA-MB-231) Cells in Mammary Microcalcification. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:873-883. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1651879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Ankit Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Rekha Maheshwari
- Department of General Surgery, JLN Medical College, Ajmer, India
| | - Geeta Pachori
- Department of Pathology, JLN Medical College, Ajmer, India
| | - Poonam Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Chandi C. Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
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20
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Urbano N, Scimeca M, Bonfiglio R, Bonanno E, Schillaci O. New advance in breast cancer pathology and imaging. Future Oncol 2019; 15:2707-2722. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The improvement of knowledge concerning the pathology of breast cancer could provide the rationale for the development of new imaging diagnostic protocols. Indeed, as for the microcalcifications, new histopathological markers can be used as target for in vivo early detection of breast cancer lesions by using molecular imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography. Specifically, the mutual contribution of these medical specialties can ‘nourish’ the dream of a personalized medicine that takes into account the intrinsic variability of breast cancer. In this review, we report the main discoveries concerning breast cancer pathology highlighting the possible cooperation between the departments of anatomic pathology and imaging diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Urbano
- Nuclear Medicine, Policlinico ‘Tor Vergata,’ viale Oxford, 81, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Biomedicine & Prevention, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Veronesi (FUV), Piazza Velasca 5, 20122 Milano (Mi), Italy
| | - Rita Bonfiglio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University ‘Tor Vergata’, Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Elena Bonanno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University ‘Tor Vergata’, Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
- Neuromed Group, ‘Diagnostica Medica’ & ‘Villa dei Platani', Via Errico Carmelo, 2, 83100 Avellino AV, Italy
| | - Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biomedicine & Prevention, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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SOX9 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion through BMP2 and mTOR signaling. Gene 2019; 715:144017. [PMID: 31357026 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SRY-related high-mobility-group box 9 (SOX9) is a member of the SOX family of transcription factors. Accumulating evidence has shown that SOX9 plays a significant role in various malignancies. However, the role of SOX9 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unknown. In the present study, up-regulation of SOX9 was observed in both NPC tissues and different NPC cells. Overexpression of SOX9 promoted NPC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Conversely, knock down of SOX9 inhibited NPC proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion. Mechanistically, SOX9 bound directly to the promoter region of BMP2 and increased BMP2 expression. In addition, overexpression of SOX9 activated the mTOR pathway partly through BMP2. Collectively, these results identify a novel role for SOX9 as a potential therapeutic marker for the prevention and treatment of NPC.
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22
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Wang S, Li GX, Tan CC, He R, Kang LJ, Lu JT, Li XQ, Wang QS, Liu PF, Zhai QL, Feng YM. FOXF2 reprograms breast cancer cells into bone metastasis seeds. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2707. [PMID: 31222004 PMCID: PMC6586905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases occur in most advanced breast cancer patients and cause serious skeletal-related complications. The mechanisms by which bone metastasis seeds develop in primary tumors and specifically colonize the bone remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that forkhead box F2 (FOXF2) functions as a master transcription factor for reprogramming cancer cells into an osteomimetic phenotype by pleiotropic transactivation of the BMP4/SMAD1 signaling pathway and bone-related genes that are expressed at early stages of bone differentiation. The epithelial-to-osteomimicry transition regulated by FOXF2 confers a tendency on cancer cells to metastasize to bone which leads to osteolytic bone lesions. The BMP antagonist Noggin significantly inhibits FOXF2-driven osteolytic bone metastasis of breast cancer cells. Thus, targeting the FOXF2-BMP/SMAD axis might be a promising therapeutic strategy to manage bone metastasis. The role of FOXF2 in transactivating bone-related genes implies a biological function of FOXF2 in regulating bone development and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Gui-Xi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Cong-Cong Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Rui He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Li-Juan Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jun-Tao Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Qing-Shan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Pei-Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Qiong-Li Zhai
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yu-Mei Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer amongst women worldwide. The mortality rate for patients with early-stage breast cancer has been decreasing, however, the 5-year survival rate for patients with metastatic disease remains poor, currently at 27%. Here, we have reviewed the current understanding of the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in breast cancer progression, and have highlighted the discordant results that are reported in different studies. We propose that some of these contradictory outcomes may result from signaling through either the canonical or non-canonical pathways in different cell lines and tumors, or from different tumor-stromal interactions that occur in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lap Hing Chi
- a Metastasis Research Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute , Heidelberg , Australia
- b School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University , Bundoora , Australia
| | - Allan D Burrows
- a Metastasis Research Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute , Heidelberg , Australia
- b School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University , Bundoora , Australia
| | - Robin L Anderson
- a Metastasis Research Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute , Heidelberg , Australia
- b School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University , Bundoora , Australia
- c Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC , Australia
- d Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
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Zhang L, Hao C, Wu Y, Zhu Y, Ren Y, Tong Z. Microcalcification and BMP-2 in breast cancer: correlation with clinicopathological features and outcomes. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:2023-2033. [PMID: 30936719 PMCID: PMC6421899 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s187835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microcalcification is a very important diagnostic information in breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of clinicopathological features and prognosis of breast cancer with microcalcification and to detect biomarkers related to the possible mechanisms of microcalcifications. Patients and methods All 529 subjects with microcalcifications were selected from patients who had been examined using breast mammography. The control group did not have detectable microcalcifications, and was matched in a ratio of 1:3. The clinicopathological factors, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival were evaluated by SPSS. Results There was a significant difference in tumor size between the two groups, with larger tumors in the calcification group than the control group, and the proportion of patients in the calcification group with tumors of >5 cm was 20.4% vs 17.2% in the control group (P=0.041). The proportion of patients with lymph node metastasis in the calcification group was higher than that of the control group (35% vs 27.9%, P=0.027). The recurrence rate in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patients with microcalcification was higher than that in the control group (P=0.035 and 0.044). BMP-2 expression was higher in breast cancer tissues, especially in breast cancer tissues with microcalcifications. The recurrence rate in the BMP-2(+) group was higher than that in the BMP-2(-) group both in DCIS and IDC (P=0.044 and 0.049). Microcalcifications and the positive expression of BMP-2 were independent factors affecting the PFS of the breast cancer patients. Conclusion Through the analysis of this study, it was found that the prognosis of the patients with microcalcification was relatively poor. BMP-2 was highly expressed in the breast cancer with microcalcification and was associated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Chunfang Hao
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yansheng Wu
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Zhu
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yulin Ren
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhongsheng Tong
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
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25
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Li J, Wang X, Wang Y, Lu C, Zheng D, Zhang J. Isoquercitrin, a flavonoid glucoside, exerts a positive effect on osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 297:85-94. [PMID: 30365939 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside) possess various pharmacological effect as a biologically active compound. The aim of the present study was to investigate its potential effects on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro and bone formation in the mid-palatal suture during rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in vivo. Cell proliferation of rat BMSCs was detected by cell-counting kit- 8 (CCK-8) assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and alizarin red staining were used to evaluate osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Furthermore, the expression levels of osteogenesis-related genes including runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) were measured by real-time RT-PCR. In vivo, thirty-six male 6-week-old Wistar rats with or without suture expansion receive systemic administration of isoquercitrin or saline solution. Micro-CT, HE and Masson staining were used to compare the morphological changes between the groups. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) expression in the suture was detected using immunohistochemical staining. Our results showed that isoquercitrin significantly promoted cell proliferation, ALP activity and mineral deposition in the range from 0.01 to 1 μM. Moreover, the expression levels of Runx2, BSP and ATF6 were also upregulated. The measurement of micro-CT imaging and histological examinations demonstrated that daily oral administration of isoquercitrin (10 mg/kg) increased bone formation compared to the other groups. Furthermore, the expression level of BMP2 was also augmented in the presence of isoquercitrin. Consequently, those findings showed that isoquercitrin exerts stimulatory effects on osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that isoquercitrin could be a potential candidate for preventing relapse following RME within palatal sutures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xuxia Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yingzi Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chengyan Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Zaozhuang Mining Group Central Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277800, China
| | - Dehua Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Cursons J, Pillman KA, Scheer KG, Gregory PA, Foroutan M, Hediyeh-Zadeh S, Toubia J, Crampin EJ, Goodall GJ, Bracken CP, Davis MJ. Combinatorial Targeting by MicroRNAs Co-ordinates Post-transcriptional Control of EMT. Cell Syst 2018; 7:77-91.e7. [PMID: 30007539 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, functioning in part by facilitating the degradation of target mRNAs. They have an established role in controlling epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a reversible phenotypic program underlying normal and pathological processes. Many studies demonstrate the role of individual miRNAs using overexpression at levels greatly exceeding physiological abundance. This can influence transcripts with relatively poor targeting and may in part explain why over 130 different miRNAs are directly implicated as EMT regulators. Analyzing a human mammary cell model of EMT we found evidence that a set of miRNAs, including the miR-200 and miR-182/183 family members, co-operate in post-transcriptional regulation, both reinforcing and buffering transcriptional output. Investigating this, we demonstrate that combinatorial treatment altered cellular phenotype with miRNA concentrations much closer to endogenous levels and with less off-target effects. This suggests that co-operative targeting by miRNAs is important for their physiological function and future work classifying miRNAs should consider such combinatorial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Cursons
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Katherine A Pillman
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an Alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Kaitlin G Scheer
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an Alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Philip A Gregory
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an Alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Momeneh Foroutan
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; The University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Soroor Hediyeh-Zadeh
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - John Toubia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an Alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Edmund J Crampin
- Systems Biology Laboratory, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Gregory J Goodall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an Alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Cameron P Bracken
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an Alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Melissa J Davis
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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27
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Shupp AB, Kolb AD, Mukhopadhyay D, Bussard KM. Cancer Metastases to Bone: Concepts, Mechanisms, and Interactions with Bone Osteoblasts. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E182. [PMID: 29867053 PMCID: PMC6025347 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeleton is a unique structure capable of providing support for the body. Bone resorption and deposition are controlled in a tightly regulated balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts with no net bone gain or loss. However, under conditions of disease, the balance between bone resorption and deposition is upset. Osteoblasts play an important role in bone homeostasis by depositing new bone osteoid into resorption pits. It is becoming increasingly evident that osteoblasts additionally play key roles in cancer cell dissemination to bone and subsequent metastasis. Our laboratory has evidence that when osteoblasts come into contact with disseminated breast cancer cells, the osteoblasts produce factors that initially reduce breast cancer cell proliferation, yet promote cancer cell survival in bone. Other laboratories have demonstrated that osteoblasts both directly and indirectly contribute to dormant cancer cell reactivation in bone. Moreover, we have demonstrated that osteoblasts undergo an inflammatory stress response in late stages of breast cancer, and produce inflammatory cytokines that are maintenance and survival factors for breast cancer cells and osteoclasts. Advances in understanding interactions between osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bone metastatic cancer cells will aid in controlling and ultimately preventing cancer cell metastasis to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison B Shupp
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Alexus D Kolb
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Dimpi Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Karen M Bussard
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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O'Grady S, Morgan MP. Microcalcifications in breast cancer: From pathophysiology to diagnosis and prognosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:310-320. [PMID: 29684522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of mammographic screening programmes in many countries has been linked to a marked increase in early detection and improved prognosis for breast cancer patients. Breast tumours can be detected by assessing several features in mammographic images but one of the most common are the presence of small deposits of calcium known as microcalcifications, which in many cases may be the only detectable sign of a breast tumour. In addition to their efficacy in the detection of breast cancer, the presence of microcalcifications within a breast tumour may also convey useful prognostic information. Breast tumours with associated calcifications display an increased rate of HER2 overexpression as well as decreased survival, increased risk of recurrence, high tumour grade and increased likelihood of spread to the lymph nodes. Clearly, the presence of microcalcifications in a tumour is a clinically significant finding, suggesting that a detailed understanding of their formation may improve our knowledge of the early stages of breast tumourigenesis, yet there are no reports which attempt to bring together recent basic science research findings and current knowledge of the clinical significance of microcalcifications. This review will summarise the most current understanding of the formation of calcifications within breast tissue and explore their associated clinical features and prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O'Grady
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - M P Morgan
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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29
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Wang QS, He R, Yang F, Kang LJ, Li XQ, Fu L, Sun B, Feng YM. FOXF2 deficiency permits basal-like breast cancer cells to form lymphangiogenic mimicry by enhancing the response of VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling pathway. Cancer Lett 2018; 420:116-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Brook N, Brook E, Dharmarajan A, Dass CR, Chan A. Breast cancer bone metastases: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:63-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Wen J, Zhao Z, Huang L, Li L, Li J, Zeng Y, Wu J, Miao Y. Switch of the ovarian cancer cell to a calcifying phenotype in the calcification of ovarian cancer. J Cancer 2018; 9:1006-1016. [PMID: 29581780 PMCID: PMC5868168 DOI: 10.7150/jca.22932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main aim of this study was to study swith of the ovarian cancer cell to a calcifying phenotype in the formation of calcification in ovarian cancer, and to offer some help for ovarian cancer's diagnosis and differentiation therapy. METHODS The mineralization of ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 was induced via calcification medium for 21 d in vitro. Alizarin red staining, von kossa staining, calcein fluorescence staining and ALP activity detection were used to identify mineralization in calcification model of ovarian cancer. Also, the changes of ultrastructure and the mineralization biomarkers after the induction of calcification medium were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and western blot, respectively. The SKOV3 cells migration behavior after the induction of calcification medium was evaluated by using transwell assay and scratch wound. Finally, mineralization biomarkers were verified in 40 cases of calcified ovarian cancer specimens and matched 40 non-calcified ovarian cancer tissues. RESULTS Classical calcium salt detection methods confirmed that the culture of SKOV3 cells in calcification medium was an appropriate ovarian cancer calcification model in vitro. Transmission electron microscopy and western blot revealed respectively the presence of cells with morphological characteristics of osteoblasts and the upregulation of mineralization biomarkers expression in treatment group. Transwell assay and scratch wound showed the decreased SKOV3 cell migration in treatment group. In specimens, the calcification occurred predominantly in well-differentiated carcinomas and the expression of the BMP2 and OPN elevated in calcified group. CONCLUSION Our study showed that the switch of the ovarian cancer cell to a calcifying phenotype in the formation of calcification in ovarian cancer. The calcified phenotypic transformation may inform the new prospective in ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirui Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liwei Huang
- West China School of Stomatology Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiman Li
- Pathology Department, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Zeng
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yali Miao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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Abstract
Metastasis is defined as a very inefficient process, since less than 0.01% of cancer cells injected into the circulation will engraft in a distant organ, where they must acquire the ability to survive and proliferate inside a "foreign" environment. In bone metastases, the interaction with the host organ is much more favoured if tumour cells gain "osteomimicry", that is the ability to resemble a resident bone cell (i.e. the osteoblast), thus intruding in the physiology of the bone. This is accomplished by the expression of osteoblast markers (e.g. alkaline phosphatase) and the production of bone matrix proteins and paracrine factors which deregulate the physiology of bone, fuelling the so-called "vicious cycle". The main challenge of researchers is therefore to identify the genetic profile determining the osteotropism of tumour cells, which would eventually lead to bone colonisation. This could likely provide the answer to a quite intriguing question, that is why some cancers, such as prostate and breast, have a specific predilection to metastasise to the bone. Therefore, it is important to completely address the molecular mechanisms underlying this aspect of bone oncology, identifying relevant pathways, the targeting of which could make any type of bone metastasis curable or avoidable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Anna Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
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Sousa S, Clézardin P. Bone-Targeted Therapies in Cancer-Induced Bone Disease. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:227-250. [PMID: 29079995 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-induced bone disease is a major source of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Thus, effective bone-targeted therapies are essential to improve disease-free, overall survival and quality of life of cancer patients with bone metastases. Depending of the cancer-type, bone metastases mainly involve the modulation of osteoclast and/or osteoblast activity by tumour cells. To inhibit metastatic bone disease effectively, it is imperative to understand its underlying mechanisms and identify the target cells for therapy. If the aim is to prevent bone metastasis, it is essential to target not only bone metastatic features in the tumour cells, but also tumour-nurturing bone microenvironment properties. The currently available bone-targeted agents mainly affect osteoclasts, inhibiting bone resorption (e.g. bisphosphonates, denosumab). Some agents targeting osteoblasts begin to emerge which target osteoblasts (e.g. romosozumab), activating bone formation. Moreover, certain drugs initially thought to target only osteoclasts are now known to have a dual action (activating osteoblasts and inhibiting osteoclasts, e.g. proteasome inhibitors). This review will focus on the evolution of bone-targeted therapies for the treatment of cancer-induced bone disease, summarizing preclinical and clinical findings obtained with anti-resorptive and bone anabolic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sousa
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR 1033, 69372, Lyon, France.
- Faculty of Medicine Laennec, University of Lyon-1, 69372, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Philippe Clézardin
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR 1033, 69372, Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine Laennec, University of Lyon-1, 69372, Villeurbanne, France
- European Cancer and Bone Metastasis Laboratory, Department of Bone Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Kim HJ, Park JS, Yi SW, Oh HJ, Kim JH, Park KH. Sequential transfection of RUNX2/SP7 and ATF4 coated onto dexamethasone-loaded nanospheresenhances osteogenesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1447. [PMID: 29362501 PMCID: PMC5780485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The timing of gene transfection greatly influences stem cell differentiation. Sequential transfection is crucial for regulation of cell behavior. When transfected several days after differentiation initiation, genes expressed at the late stage of differentiation can regulate cell behaviors and functions. To determine the optimal timing of key gene delivery, we sequentially transfected human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). This method can easily control osteogenesis of stem cells. hMSCs were first transfected with RUNX2 and SP7 using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles to induce osteogenesis, and then with ATF4 after 5, 7, and 14 days. Prior to transfecting hMSCs with all three genes, each gene was individually transfected and its expression was monitored. Transfection of these genes was confirmed by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy. The pDNAs entered the nuclei of hMSCs, and RUNX2 and SP7 proteins were translated and triggered osteogenesis. Second, the ATF4 gene was delivered when cells were at the pre-osteoblasts stage. To induce the osteogenesis of hMSCs, the optimal timing of ATF4 gene delivery was 14 days after RUNX2/SP7 transfection. Experiments in 2- and 3-dimensional culture systems confirmed that transfection of ATF4 at 14 days after RUNX2/SP7 promoted osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 6F, CHA Biocomplex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 134-88, Korea
| | - Ji Sun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 6F, CHA Biocomplex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 134-88, Korea
| | - Se Won Yi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 6F, CHA Biocomplex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 134-88, Korea
| | - Hyun Jyung Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 6F, CHA Biocomplex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 134-88, Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 6F, CHA Biocomplex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 134-88, Korea.
| | - Keun-Hong Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 6F, CHA Biocomplex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 134-88, Korea.
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35
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Zabkiewicz C, Resaul J, Hargest R, Jiang WG, Ye L. Bone morphogenetic proteins, breast cancer, and bone metastases: striking the right balance. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:R349-R366. [PMID: 28733469 PMCID: PMC5574206 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the TGF-β super family, and are essential for the regulation of foetal development, tissue differentiation and homeostasis and a multitude of cellular functions. Naturally, this has led to the exploration of aberrance in this highly regulated system as a key factor in tumourigenesis. Originally identified for their role in osteogenesis and bone turnover, attention has been turned to the potential role of BMPs in tumour metastases to, and progression within, the bone niche. This is particularly pertinent to breast cancer, which commonly metastasises to bone, and in which studies have revealed aberrations of both BMP expression and signalling, which correlate clinically with breast cancer progression. Ultimately a BMP profile could provide new prognostic disease markers. As the evidence suggests a role for BMPs in regulating breast tumour cellular function, in particular interactions with tumour stroma and the bone metastatic microenvironment, there may be novel therapeutic potential in targeting BMP signalling in breast cancer. This review provides an update on the current knowledge of BMP abnormalities and their implication in the development and progression of breast cancer, particularly in the disease-specific bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Zabkiewicz
- Cardiff China Medical Research CollaborativeCardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeyna Resaul
- Cardiff China Medical Research CollaborativeCardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachel Hargest
- Cardiff China Medical Research CollaborativeCardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Wen Guo Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research CollaborativeCardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lin Ye
- Cardiff China Medical Research CollaborativeCardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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Li Z, Dong M, Fan D, Hou P, Li H, Liu L, Lin C, Liu J, Su L, Wu L, Li X, Huang B, Lu J, Zhang Y. LncRNA ANCR down-regulation promotes TGF-β-induced EMT and metastasis in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67329-67343. [PMID: 28978036 PMCID: PMC5620176 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a progression of cellular plasticity critical for development, differentiation, cancer cells migration and tumor metastasis. As a well-studied factor, TGF-β participates in EMT and involves in physiological and pathological functions of tumor progression. Accumulating evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs) play crucial roles in EMT and tumor metastasis. Here, we find that lncRNA ANCR participates in TGF-β1-induced EMT. By our ChIP and Real-time PCR assays, we reveal that TGF-β1 down-regulates ANCR expression by increasing HDAC3 enrichment at ANCR promoter region, which decreases both H3 and H4 acetylation of ANCR promoter. In addition, by western blot and transwell assays, we indicate that ectopic expression of ANCR partly attenuates the TGF-β1-induced EMT. Downstream, ANCR inhibits breast cancer cell migration and breast cancer metastasis by decreasing RUNX2 expression in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our study identifies ANCR, as a new TGF-β downstream molecular, is essential for TGF-β1-induced EMT by decreasing RUNX2 expression. These results implicate that ANCR might become a prognostic biomarker and an anti-metastasis therapy target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Meichen Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongmei Fan
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Pingfu Hou
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lingxia Liu
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Cong Lin
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiwei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Liangping Su
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Baiqu Huang
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Lu
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Zhou Q, Chen J, Feng J, Xu Y, Zheng W, Wang J. SOSTDC1 inhibits follicular thyroid cancer cell proliferation, migration, and EMT via suppressing PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk signaling pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 435:87-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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38
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Owen S, Zabkiewicz C, Ye L, Sanders AJ, Gong C, Jiang WG. Key Factors in Breast Cancer Dissemination and Establishment at the Bone: Past, Present and Future Perspectives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1026:197-216. [PMID: 29282685 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6020-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastases associated with breast cancer remain a clinical challenge due to their associated morbidity, limited therapeutic intervention and lack of prognostic markers. With a continually evolving understanding of bone biology and its dynamic microenvironment, many potential new targets have been proposed. In this chapter, we discuss the roles of well-established bone markers and how their targeting, in addition to tumour-targeted therapies, might help in the prevention and treatment of bone metastases. There are a vast number of bone markers, of which one of the best-known families is the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). This chapter focuses on their role in breast cancer-associated bone metastases, associated signalling pathways and the possibilities for potential therapeutic intervention. In addition, this chapter provides an update on the role receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK), RANK ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) play on breast cancer development and their subsequent influence during the homing and establishment of breast cancer-associated bone metastases. Beyond the well-established bone molecules, this chapter also explores the role of other potential factors such as activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) and its potential impact on breast cancer cells' affinity for the bone environment, which implies that ALCAM could be a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sioned Owen
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, CCMRC, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Catherine Zabkiewicz
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, CCMRC, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Lin Ye
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, CCMRC, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Andrew J Sanders
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, CCMRC, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Chang Gong
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, CCMRC, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.,Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, CCMRC, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
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