1
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Starkova TY, Polyanichko AM, Artamonova TO, Tsimokha AS, Tomilin AN, Chikhirzhina EV. Structural Characteristics of High-Mobility Group Proteins HMGB1 and HMGB2 and Their Interaction with DNA. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043577. [PMID: 36834988 PMCID: PMC9962726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-histone nuclear proteins HMGB1 and HMGB2 (High Mobility Group) are involved in many biological processes, such as replication, transcription, and repair. The HMGB1 and HMGB2 proteins consist of a short N-terminal region, two DNA-binding domains, A and B, and a C-terminal sequence of glutamic and aspartic acids. In this work, the structural organization of calf thymus HMGB1 and HMGB2 proteins and their complexes with DNA were studied using UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Post-translational modifications (PTM) of HMGB1 and HMGB2 proteins were determined with MALDI mass spectrometry. We have shown that despite the similar primary structures of the HMGB1 and HMGB2 proteins, their post-translational modifications (PTMs) demonstrate quite different patterns. The HMGB1 PTMs are located predominantly in the DNA-binding A-domain and linker region connecting the A and B domains. On the contrary, HMGB2 PTMs are found mostly in the B-domain and within the linker region. It was also shown that, despite the high degree of homology between HMGB1 and HMGB2, the secondary structure of these proteins is also slightly different. We believe that the revealed structural properties might determine the difference in the functioning of the HMGB1 and HMGB2 as well as their protein partners.
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2
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Tracy EP, Hughes W, Beare JE, Rowe G, Beyer A, LeBlanc AJ. Aging-Induced Impairment of Vascular Function: Mitochondrial Redox Contributions and Physiological/Clinical Implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:974-1015. [PMID: 34314229 PMCID: PMC8905248 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The vasculature responds to the respiratory needs of tissue by modulating luminal diameter through smooth muscle constriction or relaxation. Coronary perfusion, diastolic function, and coronary flow reserve are drastically reduced with aging. This loss of blood flow contributes to and exacerbates pathological processes such as angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery and microvascular disease. Recent Advances: Increased attention has recently been given to defining mechanisms behind aging-mediated loss of vascular function and development of therapeutic strategies to restore youthful vascular responsiveness. The ultimate goal aims at providing new avenues for symptom management, reversal of tissue damage, and preventing or delaying of aging-induced vascular damage and dysfunction in the first place. Critical Issues: Our major objective is to describe how aging-associated mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to endothelial and smooth muscle dysfunction via dysregulated reactive oxygen species production, the clinical impact of this phenomenon, and to discuss emerging therapeutic strategies. Pathological changes in regulation of mitochondrial oxidative and nitrosative balance (Section 1) and mitochondrial dynamics of fission/fusion (Section 2) have widespread effects on the mechanisms underlying the ability of the vasculature to relax, leading to hyperconstriction with aging. We will focus on flow-mediated dilation, endothelial hyperpolarizing factors (Sections 3 and 4), and adrenergic receptors (Section 5), as outlined in Figure 1. The clinical implications of these changes on major adverse cardiac events and mortality are described (Section 6). Future Directions: We discuss antioxidative therapeutic strategies currently in development to restore mitochondrial redox homeostasis and subsequently vascular function and evaluate their potential clinical impact (Section 7). Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 974-1015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Paul Tracy
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - William Hughes
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jason E Beare
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Gabrielle Rowe
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Andreas Beyer
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amanda Jo LeBlanc
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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3
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Li RHL, Hommel C, Nguyen N. Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Canine Platelets Upregulate High Mobility Group Box-1 via Toll-Like Receptor 4. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:674678. [PMID: 34235204 PMCID: PMC8255672 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.674678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) axis is a key mediator of inflammation. Platelet-derived high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) may also play a critical role in sepsis-mediated thrombosis resulting in complications like disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiple organ failure. While elevated levels of HMGB1 have been documented in humans and dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis, a better understanding of how platelet agonists and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mediate platelet HMGB1 expression would open doors to novel therapies for sepsis-mediated thrombosis. Herein, we sought to determine if canine platelets express HMGB1 in the presence or absence of LPS and agonists (ADP or thrombin) and if surface expression of HMGB1 is dependent on platelet TLR4. Canine platelets were unstimulated (resting) or activated with thrombin or adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in the presence or absence of Escherichia coli LPS prior to flow cytometric and western blot analyses for HMGB1 expression. We also treated canine platelets with or without TLR4 function blocking antibody or its isotype control. We discovered that while thrombin upregulated both surface and cellular HMGB1 expression, LPS-mediated activation in the presence of ADP priming led to upregulation of surface HMGB1 expression. This expression was found to be most prominent in platelets that had undergone alpha-granule secretion. Inhibition of TLR4 attenuated LPS-induced HMGB1 expression indicating that exteriorization of HMGB1 may be dependent on the non-genomic pathway of platelet TLR4. Our findings indicate that upregulation of platelet-derived HMGB1 occurs as a result of thrombin or TLR4-mediated activation in dogs. Future studies should explore the translational implication of platelet-derived HMGB1 as novel therapeutic targets in humans and dogs with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald H L Li
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Caelin Hommel
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Nghi Nguyen
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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4
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High-mobility group box 1 serves as an inflammation driver of cardiovascular disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111555. [PMID: 33865014 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most deadly disease, which can cause sudden death, in which inflammation is a key factor in its occurrence and development. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a novel nuclear DNA-binding protein that activates innate immunity to induce inflammation in CVD. HMGB1 exists in the cytoplasm and nucleus of different cell types, including those in the heart. By binding to its receptors, HMGB1 triggers a variety of signaling cascades, leading to inflammation and CVD. To help develop HMGB1-targeted therapies, here we discuss HMGB1 and its biological functions, receptors, signaling pathways, and pathophysiology related to inflammation and CVD, including cardiac remodeling, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cardiomyopathy.
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5
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Rozier R, Paul R, Madji Hounoum B, Villa E, Mhaidly R, Chiche J, Verhoeyen E, Marchetti S, Vandenberghe A, Raucoules M, Carles M, Ricci JE. Pharmacological preconditioning protects from ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis by modulating Bcl-xL expression through a ROS-dependent mechanism. FEBS J 2021; 288:3547-3569. [PMID: 33340237 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a frequent perioperative threat, with numerous strategies developed to limit and/or prevent it. One interesting axis of research is the anesthetic preconditioning (APc) agent's hypothesis (such as sevoflurane, SEV). However, APc's mode of action is still poorly understood and volatile anesthetics used as preconditioning agents are often not well suited in clinical practice. Here, in vitro using H9C2 cells lines (in myeloblast state or differentiated toward cardiomyocytes) and in vivo in mice, we identified that SEV-induced APc is mediated by a mild induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that activates Akt and induces the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL), therefore protecting cardiomyocytes from I/R-induced death. Furthermore, we extended these results to human cardiomyocytes (derived from induced pluripotent stem - IPS - cells). Importantly, we demonstrated that this protective signaling pathway induced by SEV could be stimulated using the antidiabetic agent metformin (MET), suggesting the preconditioning properties of MET. Altogether, our study identified a signaling pathway allowing APc of cardiac injuries as well as a rational for the use of MET as a pharmacological preconditioning agent to prevent I/R injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Rozier
- INSERM, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Rachel Paul
- INSERM, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Blandine Madji Hounoum
- INSERM, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Elodie Villa
- INSERM, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Rana Mhaidly
- INSERM, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Johanna Chiche
- INSERM, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- INSERM, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Sandrine Marchetti
- INSERM, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Ashaina Vandenberghe
- INSERM, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Marc Raucoules
- Anesthésie Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nice, France
| | - Michel Carles
- INSERM, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France.,Anesthésie Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nice, France.,Réanimation, Faculté des Antilles, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Jean-Ehrland Ricci
- INSERM, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
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6
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Biscetti F, Rando MM, Nardella E, Cecchini AL, Pecorini G, Landolfi R, Flex A. High Mobility Group Box-1 and Diabetes Mellitus Complications: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246258. [PMID: 31835864 PMCID: PMC6940913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endemic disease, with growing health and social costs. The complications of diabetes can affect potentially all parts of the human body, from the heart to the kidneys, peripheral and central nervous system, and the vascular bed. Although many mechanisms have been studied, not all players responsible for these complications have been defined yet. High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1) is a non-histone nuclear protein that has been implicated in many pathological processes, from sepsis to ischemia. The purpose of this review is to take stock of all the most recent data available on the role of HMGB1 in the complications of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Biscetti
- U.O.C. Clinica Medica e Malattie Vascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (R.L.); (A.F.)
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3015-4335; Fax: +39-06-3550-7232
| | | | - Elisabetta Nardella
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (M.M.R.); (E.N.); (A.L.C.)
| | | | - Giovanni Pecorini
- U.O.C. Clinica Medica e Malattie Vascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (R.L.); (A.F.)
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (M.M.R.); (E.N.); (A.L.C.)
| | - Raffaele Landolfi
- U.O.C. Clinica Medica e Malattie Vascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (R.L.); (A.F.)
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (M.M.R.); (E.N.); (A.L.C.)
| | - Andrea Flex
- U.O.C. Clinica Medica e Malattie Vascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (R.L.); (A.F.)
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (M.M.R.); (E.N.); (A.L.C.)
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7
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Raucci A, Di Maggio S, Scavello F, D'Ambrosio A, Bianchi ME, Capogrossi MC. The Janus face of HMGB1 in heart disease: a necessary update. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:211-229. [PMID: 30306212 PMCID: PMC6339675 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2930-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein involved in transcription regulation, DNA replication and repair and nucleosome assembly. HMGB1 is passively released by necrotic tissues or actively secreted by stressed cells. Extracellular HMGB1 acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs) molecule and gives rise to several redox forms that by binding to different receptors and interactors promote a variety of cellular responses, including tissue inflammation or regeneration. Inhibition of extracellular HMGB1 in experimental models of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocarditis, cardiomyopathies induced by mechanical stress, diabetes, bacterial infection or chemotherapeutic drugs reduces inflammation and is protective. In contrast, administration of HMGB1 after myocardial infarction induced by permanent coronary artery ligation ameliorates cardiac performance by promoting tissue regeneration. HMGB1 decreases contractility and induces hypertrophy and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, stimulates cardiac fibroblast activities, and promotes cardiac stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Interestingly, maintenance of appropriate nuclear HMGB1 levels protects cardiomyocytes from apoptosis by preventing DNA oxidative stress, and mice with HMGB1cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression are partially protected from cardiac damage. Finally, higher levels of circulating HMGB1 are associated to human heart diseases. Hence, during cardiac injury, HMGB1 elicits both harmful and beneficial responses that may in part depend on the generation and stability of the diverse redox forms, whose specific functions in this context remain mostly unexplored. This review summarizes recent findings on HMGB1 biology and heart dysfunctions and discusses the therapeutic potential of modulating its expression, localization, and oxidative-dependent activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Raucci
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefania Di Maggio
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Scavello
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Ambrosio
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio C Capogrossi
- Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, USA
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8
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Ma Y, Huang Z, Zhou Z, He X, Wang Y, Meng C, Huang G, Fang N. A novel antioxidant Mito-Tempol inhibits ox-LDL-induced foam cell formation through restoration of autophagy flux. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:463-472. [PMID: 30321700 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A bulk of cholesteryl esters accumulation in macrophage foam cells drives the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Evidence now shows that autophagy plays key roles in the degradation of intracellular lipid droplets via autolysosome, and also in the release of intracellular lipids via cholesterol efflux. In this study, we identified that a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, Mito-Tempol, has protective effects against cholesteryl esters accumulation by activating autophagy. Mito-Tempol was shown to ameliorate the lipid burden for atherosclerosis, both in vitro and in vivo. In the established in vitro foam cell formation system using oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-loaded THP-1 macrophages, Mito-Tempol prevented intracellular oxidative stress and attenuated lipid accumulation. Mito-Tempol rescued ox-LDL-impaired autophagic flux, thereby facilitating autophagy-mediated lipid degradation in THP-1 macrophages. Meanwhile, Mito-Tempol also increased the efflux of cholesterol via autophagy-dependent ABCA1 and ABCG1 up-regulation. The classical autophagy pathway of mTOR may be one of the effector for the autophagy restoration of Mito-Tempol. Our findings give the first insight that cardiovascular system disease may benefits more from the treatment of Mito-Tempol for its impact of reversing atherosclerosis via autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhenyu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital of Shanghai, Second Millitary Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Zhaoli Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Collaborative Scientific Research Center. Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science, Shanghai 200093, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Collaborative Scientific Research Center. Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science, Shanghai 200093, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chao Meng
- Department of Geriatrics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Collaborative Scientific Research Center. Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Ningyuan Fang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
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9
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Huang WS, Lin CT, Chen CN, Chang SF, Chang HI, Lee KC. Metformin increases the cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin in human DLD-1 colorectal cancer cells through down-regulating HMGB1 expression. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6943-6952. [PMID: 29737584 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Chemotherapy has been the major strategy for treating patients with advanced CRC. Oxaliplatin (OXA) is used as both an adjuvant and neoadjuvant anticancer agent available to treat advanced CRC. High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a critical regulator of cell death and survival. HMGB1 overexpression has been shown to be resistant to cytotoxic agents. In addition, Metformin, a widely used drug for diabetes, has emerged as a potential anticancer agent. In this study, we examined whether HMGB1 plays a role in the OXA- and/or metformin-induced cytotoxic effect on CRC cells. The results showed that treatment with OXA increased HMGB1 expression in the ERK1/2- and Akt-dependent manners in DLD-1 cells. HMGB1 gene knockdown enhanced the cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition of OXA. Moreover, OXA-increased HMGB1 expression was by inducing NF-κB-DNA-binding activity to in DLD-1 cells. Compared to a single agent, OXA combined with metformin administration resulted in cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition synergistically, accompanied with reduced HMGB1 level. These findings may have implications for the rational design of future drug regimens incorporating OXA and metformin for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shih Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tsong Lin
- Center for General Education, National Formosa University, Yunlin, Taiwan.,Department of Wood Based Materials and Design, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Nan Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fu Chang
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chao Lee
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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10
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Gutiérrez-Tenorio J, Marín-Royo G, Martínez-Martínez E, Martín R, Miana M, López-Andrés N, Jurado-López R, Gallardo I, Luaces M, San Román JA, González-Amor M, Salaices M, Nieto ML, Cachofeiro V. The role of oxidative stress in the crosstalk between leptin and mineralocorticoid receptor in the cardiac fibrosis associated with obesity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16802. [PMID: 29196758 PMCID: PMC5711898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated whether mineralocorticoid receptor activation can participate in the profibrotic effects of leptin in cardiac myofibroblasts, as well as the potential mechanisms involved. The presence of eplerenone reduced the leptin-induced increase in protein levels of collagen I, transforming growth factor β, connective tissue growth factor and galectin-3 and the levels of both total and mitochondrial of superoxide anion (O2.−) in cardiac myofibroblasts. Likewise, the MEK/ERK inhibitor, PD98059, and the PI3/Akt inhibitor, LY294002, showed a similar pattern. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger (MitoTempo) attenuated the increase in body weight observed in rats fed a high fat diet (HFD). No differences were found in cardiac function or blood pressure among any group. However, the cardiac fibrosis and enhanced O2.-levels observed in HFD rats were attenuated by MitoTempo, which also prevented the increased circulating leptin and aldosterone levels in HFD fed animals. This study supports a role of mineralocorticoid receptor in the cardiac fibrosis induced by leptin in the context of obesity and highlights the role of the mitochondrial ROS in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Gutiérrez-Tenorio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Marín-Royo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rubén Martín
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Miana
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Salus Infirmorum. Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia López-Andrés
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Raquel Jurado-López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Gallardo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Luaces
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alberto San Román
- Instituto de Ciencias del Corazón (ICICOR), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María González-Amor
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Nieto
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Cachofeiro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain. .,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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