1
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Kim Y, Kang MH, Cho YH. API-2-Induced Cell Migration Is Overcome by Small Molecular Approaches Inhibiting β-Catenin. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6006-6014. [PMID: 36547070 PMCID: PMC9777436 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequent mutation of APC (90%) in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) results in the simultaneous activation of Wnt/β-catenin and AKT signaling pathways, and the current therapeutic limitations of the AKT inhibitors for treating CRC patients are nuclear β-catenin-induced EMT and bypassing apoptosis. In this study, we discover that the combinatorial treatment of an AKT inhibitor and KY1022, a β-catenin destabilizer, effectively overcomes the current limitations of API-2, an AKT inhibitor, by reducing nuclear β-catenin. Taken together, we demonstrate that the simultaneous suppression of Wnt/β-catenin with the AKT signaling pathways is an ideal strategy for suppressing the AKT-inhibitor-mediated metastasis and for maximizing the therapeutic effects of AKT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghyo Kim
- Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hee Kang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Cho
- Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-860-7419
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2
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Small-Molecule RAS Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents: Discovery, Development, and Mechanistic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073706. [PMID: 35409064 PMCID: PMC8999084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of RAS oncogenes are responsible for about 30% of all human cancer types, including pancreatic, lung, and colorectal cancers. While KRAS1 is a pseudogene, mutation of KRAS2 (commonly known as KRAS oncogene) is directly or indirectly associated with human cancers. Among the RAS family, KRAS is the most abundant oncogene related to uncontrolled cellular proliferation to generate solid tumors in many types of cancer such as pancreatic carcinoma (over 80%), colon carcinoma (40-50%), lung carcinoma (30-50%), and other types of cancer. Once described as 'undruggable', RAS proteins have become 'druggable', at least to a certain extent, due to the continuous efforts made during the past four decades. In this account, we discuss the chemistry and biology (wherever available) of the small-molecule inhibitors (synthetic, semi-synthetic, and natural) of KRAS proteins that were published in the past decades. Commercial drugs, as well as investigational molecules from preliminary stages to clinical trials, are categorized and discussed in this study. In summary, this study presents an in-depth discussion of RAS proteins, classifies the RAS superfamily, and describes the molecular mechanism of small-molecule RAS inhibitors.
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3
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Campbell SL, Philips MR. Post-translational modification of RAS proteins. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2021; 71:180-192. [PMID: 34365229 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of RAS genes drive cancer more frequently than any other oncogene. RAS proteins integrate signals from a wide array of receptors and initiate downstream signaling through pathways that control cellular growth. RAS proteins are fundamentally binary molecular switches in which the off/on state is determined by the binding of GDP or GTP, respectively. As such, the intrinsic and regulated nucleotide-binding and hydrolytic properties of the RAS GTPase were historically believed to account for the entirety of the regulation of RAS signaling. However, it is increasingly clear that RAS proteins are also regulated by a vast array of post-translational modifications (PTMs). The current challenge is to understand what are the functional consequences of these modifications and which are physiologically relevant. Because PTMs are catalyzed by enzymes that may offer targets for drug discovery, the study of RAS PTMs has been a high priority for RAS biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark R Philips
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, USA
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4
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Chang J, Xavier HW, Chen D, Liu Y, Li H, Bian Z. Potential Role of Traditional Chinese Medicines by Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Compared With Targeted Small Molecules in Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:690501. [PMID: 34381360 PMCID: PMC8350388 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.690501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become a global public health problem because of its high incidence and mortality rate worldwide. The previous clinical treatment for CRC mainly involves conventional surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. With the development of tumor molecular targeted therapy, small molecule inhibitors present a great advantage in improving the survival of patients with advanced CRC. However, various side effects and drug resistance induced by chemotherapy are still the major obstacles to improve the clinical benefit. Thus, it is crucial to find new and alternative drugs for CRC treatment. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been proved to have low toxicity and multi-target characteristics. In the last few decades, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that TCMs exhibit strong anticancer effects in both experimental and clinical models and may serve as alternative chemotherapy agents for CRC treatment. Notably, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a vital role in the initiation and progression of CRC by modulating the stability of β-catenin in the cytoplasm. Targeting Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a novel direction for developing therapies for CRC. In this review, we outlined the anti-tumor effects of small molecular inhibitors on CRC through Wnt/β-catenin pathway. More importantly, we focused on the potential role of TCMs against tumors by targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling at different stages of CRC, including precancerous lesions, early stage of CRC and advanced CRC. Furthermore, we also discussed perspectives to develop potential new drugs from TCMs via Wnt/β-catenin pathway for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Chang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Dongfeng Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yamei Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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5
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Ryu WJ, Han G, Lee SH, Choi KY. Suppression of Wnt/β-catenin and RAS/ERK pathways provides a therapeutic strategy for gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 549:40-46. [PMID: 33662667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a major malignant tumor without an effective treatment. KRAS mutations occur in 90% of the pancreatic cancer patients and are a major obstacle for treatment of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer patients have been treated with limited chemotherapeutic agents such as gemcitabine. However, patients often develop resistance to gemcitabine that is attributed to KRAS mutations. Gemcitabine treatment activates both the Wnt/β-catenin and RAS/ERK pathways. These signaling pathways are also activated in the gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines, suggesting that they play an important role in gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer. The gemcitabine-resistant cell lines show enhanced migratory and invasive capabilities than their parental lines. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a small molecule, KYA1797K that degrades both β-catenin and RAS, on pancreatic cancer. KYA1797K decreased the expression level of both β-catenin and KRAS in pancreatic cancer cell lines expressing either wild-type or mutant KRAS. It also suppressed migration and invasion of gemcitabine-resistant and parental pancreatic cancer cells. Overall, we demonstrated that inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin and RAS/ERK pathways by destabilizing β-catenin and RAS could be a therapeutic approach to overcome gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ji Ryu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Gyoonhee Han
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Soung-Hoon Lee
- CK Biotechnology Inc., Building 117, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; CK Biotechnology Inc., Building 117, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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6
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Targeting the β-catenin signaling for cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:104794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Aghabozorgi AS, Ebrahimi R, Bahiraee A, Tehrani SS, Nabizadeh F, Setayesh L, Jafarzadeh-Esfehani R, Ferns GA, Avan A, Rashidi Z. The genetic factors associated with Wnt signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Life Sci 2020; 256:118006. [PMID: 32593708 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer with poor prognosis and high mortality. There is growing information about the factors involved in the pathogenesis of CRC. However, the knowledge of the predisposing factors is limited. The development of CRC is strongly associated with the Wingless/Integrated (Wnt) signaling pathway. This pathway comprises several major target proteins, including LRP5/6, GSK3β, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), axis inhibition protein (Axin), and β-catenin. Genetic variations in these components of the Wnt signaling pathway may lead to the activation of β-catenin, potentially increasing the proliferation of colorectal cells. Because of the potentially important role of the Wnt signaling pathway in CRC, we aimed to review the involvement of different mutations in the main downstream proteins of this pathway, including LRP5/6, APC, GSK3β, Axin, and β-catenin. Determination of the genetic risk factors involved in the progression of CRC may lead to novel approaches for the early diagnosis of CRC and the identification of potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirsaeed Sabeti Aghabozorgi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reyhane Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Bahiraee
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nabizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Leila Setayesh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Zahra Rashidi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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8
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Cho YH, Ro EJ, Yoon JS, Kwak DK, Cho J, Kang DW, Lee HY, Choi KY. Small molecule-induced simultaneous destabilization of β-catenin and RAS is an effective molecular strategy to suppress stemness of colorectal cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:38. [PMID: 32143715 PMCID: PMC7060567 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-0519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs), the major driver of tumorigenesis, is a sub-population of tumor cells responsible for poor clinical outcomes. However, molecular mechanism to identify targets for controlling CSCs is poorly understood. METHODS Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) of Wnt/β-catenin and RAS signaling pathways in stem-like subtype of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients were performed using two gene expression data set. The therapeutic effects of destabilization of β-catenin and RAS were tested by treatment of small molecule KYA1797K using CRC patient derived cells. RESULTS Treatment with KYA1797K, a small molecule that destabilizes both β-catenin and RAS via Axin binding, effectively suppresses the stemness of CSCs as shown in CRC spheroids and small intestinal tumors of ApcMin/+/K-RasG12DLA2 mice. Moreover, KYA1797K also suppresses the stemness of cells in CRC patient avatar model systems, such as patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) and patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that destabilization of both β-catenin and RAS is a potential therapeutic strategy for controlling stemness of CRC cells. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hee Cho
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Ji Ro
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Su Yoon
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Kwak
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaebeom Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Woo Kang
- Medpacto Inc., Borim building, 92 myeongdal Ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea. .,CK Biotechnology Inc, Building 117, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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9
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Abstract
Many sensory and chemical signal inputs are transmitted by intracellular GTP-binding (G) proteins. G proteins make up two major subfamilies: "large" G proteins comprising three subunits and "small" G proteins, such as the proto-oncogene product RAS, which contains a single subunit. Members of both subfamilies are regulated by post-translational modifications, including lipidation, proteolysis, and carboxyl methylation. Emerging studies have shown that these proteins are also modified by ubiquitination. Much of our current understanding of this post-translational modification comes from investigations of the large G-protein α subunit from yeast (Gpa1) and the three RAS isotypes in humans, NRAS, KRAS, and HRAS. Gα undergoes both mono- and polyubiquitination, and these modifications have distinct consequences for determining the sites and mechanisms of its degradation. Genetic and biochemical reconstitution studies have revealed the enzymes and binding partners required for addition and removal of ubiquitin, as well as the delivery and destruction of both the mono- and polyubiquitinated forms of the G protein. Complementary studies of RAS have identified multiple ubiquitination sites, each having distinct consequences for binding to regulatory proteins, shuttling to and from the plasma membrane, and degradation. Here, we review what is currently known about these two well-studied examples, Gpa1 and the human RAS proteins, that have revealed additional mechanisms of signal regulation and dysregulation relevant to human physiology. We also compare and contrast the effects of G-protein ubiquitination with other post-translational modifications of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik G Dohlman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.
| | - Sharon L Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.
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10
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Maffeis V, Nicolè L, Cappellesso R. RAS, Cellular Plasticity, and Tumor Budding in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1255. [PMID: 31803624 PMCID: PMC6877753 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The high morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain a worldwide challenge, despite the advances in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. RAS alterations have a central role in the pathogenesis of CRC universally recognized both in the canonical mutation-based classification and in the recent transcriptome-based classification. About 40% of CRCs are KRAS mutated, 5% NRAS mutated, and only rare cases are HRAS mutated. Morphological and molecular correlations demonstrated the involvement of RAS in cellular plasticity, which is related to invasive and migration properties of neoplastic cells. RAS signaling has been involved in the initiation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CRC leading to tumor spreading. Tumor budding is the morphological surrogate of EMT and features cellular plasticity. Tumor budding is clinically relevant for CRC patients in three different contexts: (i) in pT1 CRC the presence of tumor buds is associated with nodal metastasis, (ii) in stage II CRC identifies the cases with a prognosis similar to metastatic disease, and (iii) intratumoral budding could be useful in patient selection for neoadjuvant therapy. This review is focused on the current knowledge on RAS in CRC and its link with cellular plasticity and related clinicopathological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Maffeis
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nicolè
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rocco Cappellesso
- Pathological Anatomy Unit, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
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11
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WDR76 degrades RAS and suppresses cancer stem cell activation in colorectal cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:88. [PMID: 31362761 PMCID: PMC6668196 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stabilization of RAS is a key event for the hyper-activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and activation of cancer stem cell (CSC) in colorectal cancer (CRC). WD Repeat protein 76 (WDR76) mediates the polyubiquitination-dependent degradation of RAS in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated whether WDR76 destabilizes RAS and acts as a tumor suppressor inhibiting CSC activation in CRC. Methods We generated mice with deletion of Wdr76 (Wdr76−/−) and crosses of Wdr76−/− with ApcMin/+ (Wdr76−/−; ApcMin/+) and compared them with wildtype mice (Wdr76+/+) and ApcMin/+ mice (Wdr76+/+; ApcMin/+), respectively. Intestinal crypt lengthening, tumorigenesis and CSC activation were analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblotting. CRC cell line was engineered to stably express or knockdown WDR76 or control vector and was analyzed after spheroid culture. Results Wdr76−/− mice, with increased Ras level, displayed crypt elongation and hyper-proliferation. Wdr76−/−; ApcMin/+ mice developed more tumors with bigger sizes than ApcMin/+ mice and their tumors showed increased proliferation and CSC activation with elevated RAS and β-catenin levels. In CRC cells, overexpression or knockdown of WDR76 decreased or increased the numbers and sizes of CRC spheroids with inhibition or activation of CSC markers, respectively. In human CRC, lower level of WDR76 was associated with poor patient survival. Conclusions In analyses of mice with deletion of Wdr76 and CRC spheroids, we found that RAS stability plays important roles in tumorigenesis by affecting proliferation and CSC activation. Our results suggest that destabilization of RAS by WDR76 is a potential strategy for targeting malignant CRC involving CSC activation. Graphic abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0403-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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12
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Ryu WJ, Lee JE, Cho YH, Lee G, Seo MK, Lee SK, Hwang JH, Min DS, Noh SH, Paik S, Kim S, Cheong JH, Choi KY. A Therapeutic Strategy for Chemotherapy-Resistant Gastric Cancer via Destabilization of Both β-Catenin and RAS. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040496. [PMID: 30965636 PMCID: PMC6521309 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of advanced gastric cancer patients with current standard chemotherapeutic agents frequently results in resistance, leading to poor overall survival. However, there has been no success in developing strategies to overcome it. We showed the expression levels of both β-catenin and RAS were significantly increased and correlated in tissues of 756 gastric cancer (GC) patients and tissues of primary- and acquired-resistance patient-derived xenograft tumors treated with 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin modulated with leucovorin (FOLFOX). On the basis of our previous studies, where small molecules to suppress colorectal cancer (CRC) via degrading both β-catenin and RAS were developed, we tested the effectiveness of KYA1797K, a representative compound functioning by binding axin, in the growth of GC cells. The efficacy test of the drugs using gastric tumor organoids of Apc1638N mice showed that the CD44 and ALDH1A3 cancer stem cell markers were induced by FOLFOX, but not by KYA1797K. KYA1797K also efficiently suppressed tumors generated by re-engrafting the FOLFOX-resistant patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors, which also showed resistance to paclitaxel. Overall, the small-molecule approach degrading both β-catenin and RAS has potential as a therapeutic strategy for treating GC patients resistant to current standard chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ji Ryu
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jae Eun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Yong-Hee Cho
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Gunho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Graduate Program for Nanomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Mi-Kyoung Seo
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Ha Hwang
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Do Sik Min
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea.
| | - Sung Hoon Noh
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Soonmyung Paik
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- CK Biotechnology Inc., Rm 417, Engineering Research Park, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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13
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Park J, Cho YH, Shin WJ, Lee SK, Lee J, Kim T, Cha PH, Yang JS, Cho J, Min DS, Han G, Lee HY, Choi KY. A Ras destabilizer KYA1797K overcomes the resistance of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor in KRAS-mutated non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:648. [PMID: 30679620 PMCID: PMC6345925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors such as erlotinib and gefitinib are widely used for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but they have shown limited efficacy in an unselected population of patients. The KRAS mutations, which are identified in approximately 20% of NSCLC patients, have shown to be associated with the resistance to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Currently, there is no clinically available targeted therapy which can effectively inhibit NSCLC tumors harboring KRAS mutations. This study aims to show the effectiveness of KYA1797K, a small molecule which revealed anti-cancer effect in colorectal cancer by destabilizing Ras via inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, for the treatment of KRAS-mutated NSCLC. While erlotinib fail to have anti-transforming effect in NSCLC cell lines harboring KRAS mutations, KYA1797K effectively inhibited the Ras-ERK pathway in KRAS-mutant NSCLC cell lines. As a result, KYA1797K treatment suppressed the growth and transformation of KRAS mutant NSCLC cells and also induced apoptosis. Furthermore, KYA1797K effectively inhibited Kras-driven tumorigenesis in the KrasLA2 mouse model by suppressing the Ras-ERK pathway. The destabilization of Ras via inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a potential therapeutic strategy for KRAS-mutated NSCLC that is resistant to EGFR TKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Park
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Cho
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wook-Jin Shin
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - JaeHeon Lee
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taehyung Kim
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pu-Hyeon Cha
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Sun Yang
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaebeom Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea
| | - Gyoonhee Han
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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14
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WDR76 is a RAS binding protein that functions as a tumor suppressor via RAS degradation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:295. [PMID: 30655611 PMCID: PMC6336889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stability regulation of RAS that can affect its activity, in addition to the oncogenic mutations, occurs in human cancer. However, the mechanisms for stability regulation of RAS involved in their activity and its roles in tumorigenesis are poorly explored. Here, we identify WD40-repeat protein 76 (WDR76) as one of the HRAS binding proteins using proteomic analyses of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) tissue. WDR76 plays a role as an E3 linker protein and mediates the polyubiquitination-dependent degradation of RAS. WDR76-mediated RAS destabilization results in the inhibition of proliferation, transformation, and invasion of liver cancer cells. WDR76-/- mice are more susceptible to diethylnitrosamine-induced liver carcinogenesis. Liver-specific WDR76 induction destabilizes Ras and markedly reduces tumorigenesis in HRasG12V mouse livers. The clinical relevance of RAS regulation by WDR76 is indicated by the inverse correlation of their expressions in HCC tissues. Our study demonstrates that WDR76 functions as a tumor suppressor via RAS degradation.
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15
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Lee SK, Cho YH, Cha PH, Yoon JS, Ro EJ, Jeong WJ, Park J, Kim H, Il Kim T, Min DS, Han G, Choi KY. A small molecule approach to degrade RAS with EGFR repression is a potential therapy for KRAS mutation-driven colorectal cancer resistance to cetuximab. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-12. [PMID: 30459318 PMCID: PMC6244225 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), such as cetuximab and panitumumab, have been prescribed for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), but patients harboring KRAS mutations are insensitive to them and do not have an alternative drug to overcome the problem. The levels of β-catenin, EGFR, and RAS, especially mutant KRAS, are increased in CRC patient tissues due to mutations of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), which occur in 90% of human CRCs. The increases in these proteins by APC loss synergistically promote tumorigenesis. Therefore, we tested KYA1797K, a recently identified small molecule that degrades both β-catenin and Ras via GSK3β activation, and its capability to suppress the cetuximab resistance of KRAS-mutated CRC cells. KYA1797K suppressed the growth of tumor xenografts induced by CRC cells as well as tumor organoids derived from CRC patients having both APC and KRAS mutations. Lowering the levels of both β-catenin and RAS as well as EGFR via targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a therapeutic strategy for controlling CRC and other types of cancer with aberrantly activated the Wnt/β-catenin and EGFR-RAS pathways, including those with resistance to EGFR-targeting drugs attributed to KRAS mutations. A recently identified small molecule shows promise for tackling resistance to a leading colorectal cancer drug. Three proteins that are over-expressed in colorectal cancer are epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), RAS and β-catenin. These proteins and their interconnected signaling pathways are therefore important therapeutic targets. EGFR is the target of the drug cetuximab, but many patients are resistant to this drug attributed to mutations in a gene that influences the signaling pathways of the three key proteins. Kang-Yell Choi at Yonsei University in Seoul, South Korea, and co-workers trialed a novel molecular drug on human colorectal cancer tissues and on mice. They confirmed that the new drug leads to reduced EGFR levels by degrading RAS and β-catenin and therefore suppresses the growth of colorectal cancer cells in samples with or without the resistant mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Kyu Lee
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Cho
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pu-Hyeon Cha
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Yoon
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Ro
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Jeong Jeong
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jieun Park
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuntae Kim
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea
| | - Gyoonhee Han
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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16
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Lee SK, Jeong WJ, Cho YH, Cha PH, Yoon JS, Ro EJ, Choi S, Oh JM, Heo Y, Kim H, Min DS, Han G, Lee W, Choi KY. β-Catenin-RAS interaction serves as a molecular switch for RAS degradation via GSK3β. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201846060. [PMID: 30413483 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS proteins play critical roles in various cellular processes, including growth and transformation. RAS proteins are subjected to protein stability regulation via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) is a key player for the phosphorylation-dependent RAS degradation through proteasomes. GSK3β-mediated RAS degradation does not occur in cells that express a nondegradable mutant (MT) β-catenin. Here, we show that β-catenin directly interacts with RAS at the α-interface region that contains the GSK3β phosphorylation sites, threonine 144 and threonine 148 residues. Exposure of these sites by prior β-catenin degradation is required for RAS degradation. The introduction of a peptide that blocks the β-catenin-RAS interaction by binding to β-catenin rescues the GSK3β-mediated RAS degradation in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells that express MT β-catenin. The coregulation of β-catenin and RAS stabilities by the modulation of their interaction provides a mechanism for Wnt/β-catenin and RAS-ERK pathway cross-talk and the synergistic transformation of CRC by both APC and KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Kyu Lee
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Jeong Jeong
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Cho
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pu-Hyeon Cha
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Su Yoon
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Ro
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sooho Choi
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Oh
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunseok Heo
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuntae Kim
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea
| | - Gyoonhee Han
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Weontae Lee
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea .,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Trinh A, Lädrach C, Dawson HE, Ten Hoorn S, Kuppen PJK, Reimers MS, Koopman M, Punt CJA, Lugli A, Vermeulen L, Zlobec I. Tumour budding is associated with the mesenchymal colon cancer subtype and RAS/RAF mutations: a study of 1320 colorectal cancers with Consensus Molecular Subgroup (CMS) data. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:1244-1251. [PMID: 30385823 PMCID: PMC6251036 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumour budding is an important prognostic factor in colorectal cancer (CRC). Molecular profiling of tumour buds suggests (partial) epithelial–mesenchymal transition and cancer stem-cell phenotype, similarly described in the “mesenchymal” Consensus Molecular Subtype 4 (CMS4), which identifies a particularly poor prognostic subgroup. Here, we determine the association of tumour budding with CMS classification, prognosis, and response to therapy. Methods AMC-AJCCII-90 cohort (n = 76, stage II) was evaluated for peritumoural budding on H&E slides. LUMC (n = 270, stage I–IV), CAIRO (n = 504, metastatic CRC) and CAIRO2 (n = 472, metastatic CRC) cohorts were investigated for intratumoural budding using pan-cytokeratin-stained tissue microarrays. Budding was scored as count/area, then classified as <5 or ≥5 buds. For all cohorts, CMS classifications were available (gene-expression/immunohistochemistry-based classifiers). Results High (≥5) budding predicted a worse outcome in multivariate analysis in AMC-AJCCII-90 (p = 0.018), LUMC (p < 0.0001), and CAIRO (p = 0.03), and in CAIRO2 (continuous variable, p = 0.02). Tumour budding counts were higher in CMS4 compared to epithelial CMS2/3 cancers (p < 0.01, all), and associated with KRAS/BRAF mutations (p < 0.01, AMC-AJCCII-90, CAIRO, CAIRO2). Conclusion Tumour budding is an adverse prognostic factor across all CRC stages and is associated with the mesenchymal CMS4 phenotype. KRAS/BRAF mutations are strongly correlated with tumour budding suggesting their involvement in the regulation of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Trinh
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudia Lädrach
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Sanne Ten Hoorn
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J K Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies S Reimers
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Koopman
- Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J A Punt
- Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Louis Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inti Zlobec
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Pimozide suppresses colorectal cancer via inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Life Sci 2018; 209:267-273. [PMID: 30107167 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway plays important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) and acts as a potential therapeutic target. Pimozide is a FDA-approved clinical drug used to treat psychotic diseases and it has shown anticancer effect in some tumors partially via inhibition of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate whether pimozide exerts anticancer effect on CRC and explore underlying mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS Pimozide was administrated to treat HCT116 and SW480 cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to detect the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers and Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway-related proteins. Cell proliferation and migration were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays respectively. HCT116 and SW480 cells were subcutaneously injected into nude mice and when the volume of tumor grown measureable (approximately 100 mm3) animals were treated with vehicle saline or pimozide at a dose of 25 mg/kg·d by oral gavage and then tumor size was measured at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post treatment. Pimozide dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation and migration in both HCT116 and SW480 cells, increased expression of E-cadherin and decreased expression of N‑cadherin, vimentin and Snail. In addition, tumor growth was inhibited by pimozide in both HCT116 and SW480 xenografts in vivo. Expression of β‑catenin and Wnt target genes c-Myc, cyclin D1, Axin 2 and survivin was reduced by pimozide treatment in both HCT 116 and SW480 cells. CONCLUSION Pimozide exerts anticancer effect in CRC via inhibition of wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic drug for CRC.
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19
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Shin W, Lee SK, Hwang JH, Park JC, Cho YH, Ro EJ, Song Y, Seo HR, Choi KY. Identification of Ras-degrading small molecules that inhibit the transformation of colorectal cancer cells independent of β-catenin signaling. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-10. [PMID: 29884842 PMCID: PMC5994827 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the development of drugs that control Ras is an emerging topic in cancer therapy, no clinically applicable drug is currently available. We have previously utilized knowledge of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling-dependent mechanism of Ras protein stability regulation to identify small molecules that inhibit the proliferation and transformation of various colorectal cancer (CRC) cells via degradation of both β-catenin and Ras. Due to the absence of Ras degradation in cells expressing a nondegradable mutant form of β-catenin and the need to determine an alternative mechanism of Ras degradation, we designed a cell-based system to screen compounds that degrade Ras independent of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. A cell-based high-content screening (HCS) system that monitors the levels of EGFP-K-RasG12V was established using HCT-116 cells harboring a nondegradable mutant CTNNB1 (ΔS45). Through HCS of a chemical library composed of 10,000 compounds and subsequent characterization of hits, we identified several compounds that degrade Ras without affecting the β-catenin levels. KY7749, one of the most effective compounds, inhibited the proliferation and transformation of CRC cells, especially KRAS-mutant cells that are resistant to the EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab. Small molecules that degrade Ras independent of β-catenin may able to be used in treatments for cancers caused by aberrant EGFR and Ras. Mutations in KRAS, a gene regulating cell proliferation, occur in 40–50% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. These cancers are usually insensitive to antibody drugs targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on cancer cells. Kang-Yell Choi at Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea and co-workers had previously identified small molecules that inhibited CRC by degrading the signaling proteins β-catenin and Ras. However, CRC cells with β-catenin mutations are resistant to Ras-degrading compounds. In this study, they screened 10,000 small molecules that could degrade Ras in CRC cells expressing nondegradable mutant β-catenin. They identified small molecules that inhibited growth of CRC cells resistant to EGFR-mediated antibody therapy. Further investigation of these molecules may help develop new drugs for treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wookjin Shin
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ha Hwang
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Park
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Cho
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Ro
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhwa Song
- Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng Ran Seo
- Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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20
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USP20 positively regulates tumorigenesis and chemoresistance through β-catenin stabilization. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:1855-1869. [PMID: 29867130 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
β-catenin is a major transcriptional activator of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. It is important for a series of biological processes including tissue homeostasis, and embryonic development and is involved in various human diseases. Elevated oncogenic activity of β-catenin is frequently observed in cancers, which contributes to survival, metastasis and chemo-resistance of cancer cells. However, the mechanism of β-catenin overexpression in cancers is not well defined. Here we demonstrate that the deubiquitination enzyme USP20 is a new regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Mechanistically, USP20 regulates the deubiquitination of β-catenin to control its stability, thereby inducing proliferation, invasion and migration of cancer cells. High expression of USP20 correlates with increased β-catenin protein level in multiple cancer cell lines and patient samples. Moreover, knockdown of USP20 increases β-catenin polyubiquitination, which enhances β-catenin turnover and cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. Collectively, our results establish the USP20-β-catenin axis as a critical regulatory mechanism of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway with an important role in tumorigenesis and chemo response in human cancers.
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21
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Guo W, Zhang J, Zhang D, Cao S, Li G, Zhang S, Wang Z, Wen P, Yang H, Shi X, Pan J, Ye H. Polymorphisms and expression pattern of circular RNA circ-ITCH contributes to the carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 28636993 PMCID: PMC5564635 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks the sixth most common cancer and the third cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Recent studies identified that circ-ITCH Suppresses mutiple cancers proliferation via inhibiting the Wnt/beta-Catenin pathway. In current study, conducted a genetic association study together with epidemiological follow-up study to delineate the role of circ-ITCH in the development and progression of HCC. we found rs10485505 (adjusted OR =1.18; 95% CI=1.06-1.31; P value =3.1×10-3) and rs4911154 (adjusted OR =1.27; 95% CI=1.14-1.43; P value =3.7×10-5) were significantly associated with increased HCC risk. The expression level of circ-ITCH was significantly lower in HCC tissues, compared with that in adjacent tissues (P value < 0.001). Cox regression analysis indicated that high expression of circ-ITCH was associated with favorable survival of HCC (HR=0.45; 95% CI=0.29-0.68; P value < 0.001). These results indicate that circ-ITCH may have an inhibitory effect on HCC, and could serve as susceptibility and prognostic biomarkers for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatic and Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jiakai Zhang
- Department of Hepatic and Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Dongyu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Shengli Cao
- Department of Hepatic and Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Gongquan Li
- Department of Hepatic and Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatic and Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Department of Hepatic and Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Peihao Wen
- Department of Hepatic and Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Hepatic and Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Shi
- Department of Hepatic and Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Hepatic and Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Hua Ye
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
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22
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Lin Z, Sun L, Xie S, Zhang S, Fan S, Li Q, Chen W, Pan G, Wang W, Weng B, Zhang Z, Liu B, Li J. Chemotherapy-Induced Long Non-coding RNA 1 Promotes Metastasis and Chemo-Resistance of TSCC via the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1494-1508. [PMID: 29699939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that chemo-resistance is related to the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased invasiveness by tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cells. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in tumor metastasis and progression. However, the roles and mechanisms of lncRNAs in cisplatin-resistance-induced EMT and metastasis are not well understood. In this study, a chemotherapy-induced lncRNA 1 (CILA1) was discovered by using microarrays and was functionally identified as a regulator of chemo-sensitivity in TSCC cells. Upregulation of CILA1 promotes EMT, invasiveness, and chemo-resistance in TSCC cells, whereas the inhibition of CILA1 expression induces mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) and chemo-sensitivity, and inhibits the invasiveness of cisplatin-resistant cells both in vitro and in vivo. We also found that CILA1 exerts its functions via the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. High CILA1 expression levels and low levels of phosphorylated β-catenin were closely associated with cisplatin resistance and advanced disease stage, and were predictors of poor prognosis in TSCC patients. These findings provided a new biomarker for the chemo-sensitivity of TSCC tumors and a therapeutic target for TSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Shule Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shanyi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Song Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qunxing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Weixiong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Guokai Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Zibo Center Hospital, Zi Bo 255001, China
| | - Bin Weng
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637600, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bodu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
| | - Jinsong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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23
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Jeong WJ, Ro EJ, Choi KY. Interaction between Wnt/β-catenin and RAS-ERK pathways and an anti-cancer strategy via degradations of β-catenin and RAS by targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. NPJ Precis Oncol 2018; 2:5. [PMID: 29872723 PMCID: PMC5871897 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-018-0049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin and RAS-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways play important roles in the tumorigenesis of many different types of cancer, most notably colorectal cancer (CRC). Genes for these two pathways, such as adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and KRAS are frequently mutated in human CRC, and involved in the initiation and progression of the tumorigenesis, respectively. Moreover, recent studies revealed interaction of APC and KRAS mutations in the various stages of colorectal tumorigenesis and even in metastasis accompanying activation of the cancer stem cells (CSCs). A key event in the synergistic cooperation between Wnt/β-catenin and RAS-ERK pathways is a stabilization of both β-catenin and RAS especially mutant KRAS by APC loss, and pathological significance of this was indicated by correlation of increased β-catenin and RAS levels in human CRC where APC mutations occur as high as 90% of CRC patients. Together with the notion of the protein activity reduction by lowering its level, inhibition of both β-catenin and RAS especially by degradation could be a new ideal strategy for development of anti-cancer drugs for CRC. In this review, we will discuss interaction between the Wnt/β-catenin and RAS-ERK pathways in the colorectal tumorigenesis by providing the mechanism of RAS stabilization by aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin. We will also discuss our small molecular anti-cancer approach controlling CRC by induction of specific degradations of both β-catenin and RAS via targeting Wnt/β-catenin pathway especially for the KYA1797K, a small molecule specifically binding at the regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS)-domain of Axin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jeong Jeong
- 1Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,2Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Ro
- 1Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,2Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- 1Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,2Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Li T, Zhu J, Wang X, Chen G, Sun L, Zuo S, Zhang J, Chen S, Ma J, Yao Z, Zheng Y, Chen Z, Liu Y, Wang P. Long non-coding RNA lncTCF7 activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to promote metastasis and invasion in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7384-7390. [PMID: 29344178 PMCID: PMC5755009 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (Lnc)TCF7 is a novel lncRNA that is involved in tumorigenesis. Previous studies have revealed that lncTCF7 serves an essential role in maintaining cancer stem cell self-renewal; however, the functions of lncTCF7 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of lncTCF7 in CRC. LncTCF7 was upregulated in 52/58 CRC tissues, and its expression correlated with tumor size, lymph metastasis and tumor-node-metastasis stage in CRC. Knocking down lncTCF7 in colon cancer cell lines decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while lncTCF7 overexpression showed opposite changes. In addition, lncTCF7 promoted cell proliferation in vivo. LncTCF7 activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is essential for cancer development. Survival analysis revealed that patients with higher expression of lncTCF7 had significantly worse prognosis compared with patients with low expression. These findings indicate that lncTCF7 regulates CRC progression and support the notion of lncTCF7 as a CRC prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyu Li
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Lie Sun
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Zuo
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Shanwen Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Ju Ma
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Zihao Yao
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Youwen Zheng
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Zeyang Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Yucun Liu
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Pengyuan Wang
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
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25
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Yao Q, An Y, Hou W, Cao YN, Yao MF, Ma NN, Hou L, Zhang H, Liu HJ, Zhang B. LRP6 promotes invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer through cytoskeleton dynamics. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109632-109645. [PMID: 29312635 PMCID: PMC5752548 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein-6 (LRP6) is an important co-receptor of Wnt pathway, which plays a predominant role in development and progression of colorectal cancer. Recently, dysregulation of LRP6 has proved to be involved in the progression of cancers, but its biological role and clinical significance in colorectal cancer remain unclear. In present study, we revealed that phosphorylation of LRP6 was aberrantly upregulated in colorectal carcinoma correlating with TNM or Dukes staging and worse prognosis. In addition, phosphorylated LRP6 was positively correlated with nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. Overexpression or activation of LRP6 could activate Wnt signaling and promote tumor cell migration in vitro. The activation of LRP6 could induce microtubule dynamics and actin remodeling, probably through regulation of microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B), microtubule actin cross-linking factor 1 (MACF1) and Rho GTPase--RhoA and Rac1. The investigation suggests that LRP6 may be a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in the progression of colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu An
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ya-Nan Cao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Meng-Fei Yao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning-Ning Ma
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lin Hou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hai-Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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26
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Meng X, Cai J, Liu J, Han B, Gao F, Gao W, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Jiang C. Curcumin increases efficiency of γ-irradiation in gliomas by inhibiting Hedgehog signaling pathway. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1181-1192. [PMID: 28463091 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1320000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It was reported that γ-irradiation had a controversial therapeutic effect on glioma cells. We aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effect on the glioma cells induced by γ-irradiation and explore the treatment to rescue the phenotype alteration of remaining cells. We used transwell assay to detect the glioma cell invasion and migration capacity. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were tested by the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry respectively. Western Blot was used to detect the activity of Hedgehog signaling pathway and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) status. γ-irradiation showed cytotoxic effect on LN229 cells in vitro, whereas this contribution was limited in U251 cells. However, it could significantly stimulated EMT process in both LN229 and U251. Curcumin (CCM) could rescue EMT process induced by γ-irradiation via the suppression of Gli1 and the upregulation of Sufu. The location and expression of EMT markers were also verified by Immunofluorescence. Immunohistochemistry assay was used on intracranial glioma tissues of nude mice. The capacities of cell migration and invasion were suppressed with combined therapy. This research showed Curcumin could rescue the EMT process induced by γ-irradiation via inhibiting the Hedgehog signaling pathway and potentiate the cell cytotoxic effect in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqi Meng
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China.,b Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG) , Beijing , China
| | - Jinquan Cai
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China.,b Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG) , Beijing , China.,c Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences , Harbin , China
| | - Jichao Liu
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Bo Han
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China.,b Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG) , Beijing , China
| | - Fei Gao
- d Department of Laboratory Diagnosis , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Weida Gao
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China.,b Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG) , Beijing , China
| | - Yao Zhang
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China.,b Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG) , Beijing , China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China.,b Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG) , Beijing , China
| | - Zhefeng Zhao
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China.,b Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG) , Beijing , China
| | - Chuanlu Jiang
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China.,b Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG) , Beijing , China.,c Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences , Harbin , China
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