1
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Alam MS, Gaida MM, Witzel HR, Otsuka S, Abbasi A, Guerin T, Abdelmaksoud A, Wong N, Cam MC, Kozlov S, Ashwell JD. TNFR1 signaling promotes pancreatic tumor growth by limiting dendritic cell number and function. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101696. [PMID: 39178856 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one the most intractable cancers, in part due to its highly inflammatory microenvironment and paucity of infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs). Here, we find that genetic ablation or antibody blockade of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) enhanced intratumor T cell activation and slowed PDAC growth. While anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibition alone had little effect, it further enhanced intratumor T cell activation in combination with anti-TNFR1. The major cellular alteration in the tumor microenvironment in the absence of TNFR1 signaling was a large increase in DC number and immunostimulatory phenotype. This may reflect a direct effect on DCs, because TNF induced TNFR1-dependent apoptosis of bone-marrow-derived DCs. The therapeutic response to anti-TNFR1 alone was superior to the combination of DC-activating agonistic anti-CD40 and Flt3 ligand (Flt3L). These observations suggest that targeting TNFR1, perhaps in concert with other strategies that promote DC generation and mobilization, may have therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Alam
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; TRON, Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center, JGU-Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hagen R Witzel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Shizuka Otsuka
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aamna Abbasi
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Theresa Guerin
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21707, USA
| | - Abdalla Abdelmaksoud
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Nathan Wong
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Margaret C Cam
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Serguei Kozlov
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21707, USA
| | - Jonathan D Ashwell
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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2
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Blázquez-Encinas R, Alors-Pérez E, Moreno-Montilla MT, García-Vioque V, Sánchez-Frías ME, Mafficini A, López-Cánovas JL, Bousquet C, Gahete MD, Lawlor RT, Luque RM, Scarpa A, Arjona-Sánchez Á, Pedraza-Arevalo S, Ibáñez-Costa A, Castaño JP. The Exon Junction Complex component EIF4A3 plays a splicing-linked oncogenic role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00814-3. [PMID: 39232176 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00814-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers, underscoring the urgent need for in-depth biological research. The phenomenon of alternative RNA splicing dysregulation is a common hallmark in cancer, including PDAC, presenting new avenues for understanding and developing diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Our research focuses on EIF4A3, a core component of the Exon Junction Complex intimately linked to RNA splicing, and its role in PDAC. EIF4A3 is overexpressed in PDAC tissue and associated to clinical parameters of malignancy and poorer patient survival. Mechanistically, exploration of PDAC RNA-seq data unveiled the link of EIF4A3 to diverse malignancy processes, consistent with its association to key molecular pathways. EIF4A3 targeting in vitro decreased essential functional tumor features such as proliferation, migration, colony formation and sphere formation, while its in vivo targeting reduced tumor growth. EIF4A3 silencing in PDAC cell lines severely altered its transcriptional and spliceosomic landscapes, as shown by RNA-seq analyses, suggesting a role for EIF4A3 in maintaining RNA homeostasis. Our results indicate that EIF4A3 dysregulation in PDAC has a pleiotropic regulatory role on RNA biology, influencing key cellular functions. This paves the way to explore its potential as novel biomarker and actionable target candidate for this lethal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Blázquez-Encinas
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emilia Alors-Pérez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Trinidad Moreno-Montilla
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Víctor García-Vioque
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marina Esther Sánchez-Frías
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Pathology Service, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Andrea Mafficini
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Section of Innovation Biomedicine, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Juan L López-Cánovas
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Corinne Bousquet
- INSERM UMR-1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Team 'Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer', University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rita T Lawlor
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Section of Innovation Biomedicine, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Álvaro Arjona-Sánchez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Surgery Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sergio Pedraza-Arevalo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain.
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3
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Gutierrez-Sainz L, Heredia-Soto V, Rodríguez-García AM, Crespo Sánchez MG, Serrano-Olmedo MG, Molero-Luis M, Losantos-García I, Ghanem I, Pérez-Wert P, Custodio A, Mendiola M, Feliu J. Cytokines and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Exploring Their Relationship with Molecular Subtypes and Prognosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9368. [PMID: 39273323 PMCID: PMC11395259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by its poor prognosis. The current challenge remains the absence of predictive biomarkers. Cytokines are crucial factors in the pathogenesis and prognosis of PDAC. Furthermore, there is growing interest in differentiating between molecular subtypes of PDAC. The aim of our study is to evaluate the association between the analyzed cytokines and the molecular subtypes of PDAC and to determine their prognostic value. Cytokine levels were measured in 73 patients, and molecular subtypes were analyzed in 34 of these patients. Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2 (TGF-β2) levels were independently associated with the basal-like and null subtypes. In patients with locally advanced and metastatic PDAC, elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-9, and IL-15 were associated with a higher risk of progression during first-line treatment, and increased levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-9, and IL-15 were related to increased mortality. Furthermore, a significant association was observed between higher percentiles of IL-6 and IL-8 and shorter progression-free survival (PFS) during first-line treatment, and between higher percentiles of IL-8 and shorter overall survival (OS). In the multivariate analysis, only elevated levels of IL-8 were independently associated with a higher risk of progression during first-line treatment and mortality. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest that cytokine expression varies according to the molecular subtype of PDAC and that cytokines also play a relevant role in patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gutierrez-Sainz
- Medical Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Heredia-Soto
- Translational Oncology Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Gema Crespo Sánchez
- Clinical Analysis Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gemma Serrano-Olmedo
- Clinical Analysis Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Molero-Luis
- Clinical Analysis Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Itsaso Losantos-García
- Biostatistics Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ismael Ghanem
- Medical Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Pérez-Wert
- Medical Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Custodio
- Medical Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Mendiola
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Lab, Pathology Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Feliu
- Medical Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cátedra UAM-AMGEN, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Gu M, Liu Y, Xin P, Guo W, Zhao Z, Yang X, Ma R, Jiao T, Zheng W. Fundamental insights and molecular interactions in pancreatic cancer: Pathways to therapeutic approaches. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216738. [PMID: 38401887 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract can be affected by a number of diseases that pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant manifestation of them. The prognosis of PC patients is unfavorable and because of their diagnosis at advanced stage, the treatment of this tumor is problematic. Owing to low survival rate, there is much interest towards understanding the molecular profile of PC in an attempt in developing more effective therapeutics. The conventional therapeutics for PC include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as emerging immunotherapy. However, PC is still incurable and more effort should be performed. The molecular landscape of PC is an underlying factor involved in increase in progression of tumor cells. In the presence review, the newest advances in understanding the molecular and biological events in PC are discussed. The dysregulation of molecular pathways including AMPK, MAPK, STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin and non-coding RNA transcripts has been suggested as a factor in development of tumorigenesis in PC. Moreover, cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis and necroptosis demonstrate abnormal levels. The EMT and glycolysis in PC cells enhance to ensure their metastasis and proliferation. Furthermore, such abnormal changes have been used to develop corresponding pharmacological and nanotechnological therapeutics for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Peng Xin
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Zimo Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Ruiyang Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
| | - Taiwei Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
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5
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Agostini A, Piro G, Inzani F, Quero G, Esposito A, Caggiano A, Priori L, Larghi A, Alfieri S, Casolino R, Scaglione G, Tondolo V, Cammarota G, Ianiro G, Corbo V, Biankin AV, Tortora G, Carbone C. Identification of spatially-resolved markers of malignant transformation in Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2764. [PMID: 38553466 PMCID: PMC10980816 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46994-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The existing Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN) risk stratification relies on clinical and histological factors, resulting in inaccuracies and leading to suboptimal treatment. This is due to the lack of appropriate molecular markers that can guide patients toward the best therapeutic options. Here, we assess and confirm subtype-specific markers for IPMN across two independent cohorts of patients using two Spatial Transcriptomics (ST) technologies. Specifically, we identify HOXB3 and ZNF117 as markers for Low-Grade Dysplasia, SPDEF and gastric neck cell markers in borderline cases, and NKX6-2 and gastric isthmus cell markers in High-Grade-Dysplasia Gastric IPMN, highlighting the role of TNFα and MYC activation in IPMN progression and the role of NKX6-2 in the specific Gastric IPMN progression. In conclusion, our work provides a step forward in understanding the gene expression landscapes of IPMN and the critical transcriptional networks related to PDAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Agostini
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Geny Piro
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
| | - Frediano Inzani
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Quero
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Gemelli Pancreatic Advanced Research Center (CRMPG), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Digestive Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Annachiara Esposito
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Caggiano
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Priori
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Larghi
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS and Center for Endoscopic Research, Therapeutics and Training, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Alfieri
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Gemelli Pancreatic Advanced Research Center (CRMPG), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Digestive Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Casolino
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Giulia Scaglione
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tondolo
- General Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Corbo
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Carbone
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
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6
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Ajay AK, Gasser M, Hsiao LL, Böldicke T, Waaga-Gasser AM. TLR2 and TLR9 Blockade Using Specific Intrabodies Inhibits Inflammation-Mediated Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:11. [PMID: 38390872 PMCID: PMC10885114 DOI: 10.3390/antib13010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, PDAC) remains a deadly cancer worldwide with a need for new therapeutic approaches. A dysregulation in the equilibrium between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses with a predominant immunosuppressive inflammatory reaction in advanced stage tumors seem to contribute to tumor growth and metastasis. The current therapies do not include strategies against pro-tumorigenic inflammation in cancer patients. We have shown that the upregulated cell surface expression of Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 2 and of TLR9 inside PDAC cells maintain chronic inflammatory responses, support chemotherapeutic resistance, and mediate tumor progression in human pancreatic cancer. We further demonstrated intracellular TLR2 and TLR9 targeting using specific intrabodies, which resulted in downregulated inflammatory signaling. In this study, we tested, for the first time, an intrabody-mediated TLR blockade in human TLR2- and TLR9-expressing pancreatic cancer cells for its effects on inflammatory signaling-mediated tumor growth. Newly designed anti-TLR2- and anti-TLR9-specific intrabodies inhibited PDAC growth. Co-expression analysis of the intrabodies and corresponding human TLRs showed efficient retention and accumulation of both intrabodies within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), while co-immunoprecipitation studies indicated both intrabodies interacting with their cognate TLR antigen within the pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer cells with attenuated proliferation expressing accumulated TLR2 and TRL9 intrabodies demonstrated reduced STAT3 phosphorylation signaling, while apoptotic markers Caspases 3 and 8 were upregulated. To conclude, our results demonstrate the TLR2 and TLR9-specific intrabody-mediated signaling pathway inhibition of autoregulatory inflammation inside cancer cells and their proliferation, resulting in the suppression of pancreatic tumor cell growth. These findings underscore the potential of specific intrabody-mediated TLR inhibition in the ER relevant for tumor growth inhibition and open up a new therapeutic intervention strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra K Ajay
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Martin Gasser
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Li-Li Hsiao
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Böldicke
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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7
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Rose-John S, Jenkins BJ, Garbers C, Moll JM, Scheller J. Targeting IL-6 trans-signalling: past, present and future prospects. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:666-681. [PMID: 37069261 PMCID: PMC10108826 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00856-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key immunomodulatory cytokine that affects the pathogenesis of diverse diseases, including autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammatory conditions and cancer. Classical IL-6 signalling involves the binding of IL-6 to the membrane-bound IL-6 receptor α-subunit (hereafter termed 'mIL-6R') and glycoprotein 130 (gp130) signal-transducing subunit. By contrast, in IL-6 trans-signalling, complexes of IL-6 and the soluble form of IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) signal via membrane-bound gp130. A third mode of IL-6 signalling - known as cluster signalling - involves preformed complexes of membrane-bound IL-6-mIL-6R on one cell activating gp130 subunits on target cells. Antibodies and small molecules have been developed that block all three forms of IL-6 signalling, but in the past decade, IL-6 trans-signalling has emerged as the predominant pathway by which IL-6 promotes disease pathogenesis. The first selective inhibitor of IL-6 trans-signalling, sgp130, has shown therapeutic potential in various preclinical models of disease and olamkicept, a sgp130Fc variant, had promising results in phase II clinical studies for inflammatory bowel disease. Technological developments have already led to next-generation sgp130 variants with increased affinity and selectivity towards IL-6 trans-signalling, along with indirect strategies to block IL-6 trans-signalling. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the biological outcomes of IL-6-mediated signalling and the potential for targeting this pathway in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rose-John
- Biochemical Institute, Medical Faculty, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Brendan J Jenkins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christoph Garbers
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC:I3), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jens M Moll
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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8
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Lin YC, Hou YC, Wang HC, Shan YS. New insights into the role of adipocytes in pancreatic cancer progression: paving the way towards novel therapeutic targets. Theranostics 2023; 13:3925-3942. [PMID: 37554282 PMCID: PMC10405844 DOI: 10.7150/thno.82911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies across the world, which is due to delayed diagnosis and resistance to current therapies. The interactions between pancreatic tumor cells and their tumor microenvironment (TME) allow cancer cells to escape from anti-cancer therapies, leading to difficulties in treating PC. With endocrine function and lipid storage capacity, adipose tissue can maintain energy homeostasis. Direct or indirect interaction between adipocytes and PC cells leads to adipocyte dysfunction characterized by morphological change, fat loss, abnormal adipokine secretion, and fibroblast-like transformation. Various adipokines released from dysfunctional adipocytes have been reported to promote proliferation, invasion, metastasis, stemness, and chemoresistance of PC cells via different mechanisms. Additional lipid outflow from adipocytes can be taken into the TME and thus alter the metabolism in PC cells and surrounding stromal cells. Besides, the trans-differentiation potential enables adipocytes to turn into various cell types, which may give rise to an inflammatory response as well as extracellular matrix reorganization to modulate tumor burden. Understanding the molecular basis behind the protumor functions of adipocytes in PC may offer new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chin Hou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chen Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Medical Imaging Center, Innovation Headquarter, National Cheng Kung University; Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
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9
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Michalak N, Małecka-Wojciesko E. Modifiable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) Risk Factors. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4318. [PMID: 37445352 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to summarize the modifiable risk factors for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) that have been known for a long time, as well as information from the most recent reports. As a cancer with a late diagnosis and poor prognosis, accurate analysis of PDAC risk factors is warranted. The incidence of this cancer continues to rise, and the five-year survival rate is the lowest with respect to other tumors. The influence of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and chronic pancreatitis in increasing the risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is continually being confirmed. There are also newly emerging reports relating to the impact of lifestyle, including physical activity, the gut and oral microbiome, and hepatotropic viruses. A precise understanding of PDAC risk factors can help to identify groups of high-risk patients, and this may contribute to population awareness and education as well as earlier diagnoses with possible better treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Michalak
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Małecka-Wojciesko
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
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10
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Dahiya DS, Chandan S, Ali H, Pinnam BSM, Gangwani MK, Al Bunni H, Canakis A, Gopakumar H, Vohra I, Bapaye J, Al-Haddad M, Sharma NR. Role of Therapeutic Endoscopic Ultrasound in Management of Pancreatic Cancer: An Endoscopic Oncologist Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3235. [PMID: 37370843 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease with an aggressive clinical course. Patients with pancreatic cancer are usually asymptomatic until significant progression of their disease. Additionally, there are no effective screening guidelines for pancreatic cancer in the general population. This leads to a delay in diagnosis and treatment, resulting in poor clinical outcomes and low survival rates. Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) is an indispensable tool for the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic cancer. In the modern era, with exponential advancements in technology and device innovation, EUS is also being increasingly used in a variety of therapeutic interventions. In the context of pancreatic cancer where therapies are limited due to the advanced stage of the disease at diagnosis, EUS-guided interventions offer new and innovative options. Moreover, due to their minimally invasive nature and ability to provide real-time images for tumor localization and therapy, they are associated with fewer complication rates compared to conventional open and laparoscopic approaches. In this article, we detail the most current and important therapeutic applications of EUS for pancreatic cancer, namely EUS-guided Fine Needle Injections, EUS-guided Radiotherapy, and EUS-guided Ablations. Furthermore, we also discuss the feasibility and safety profile of each intervention in patients with pancreatic cancer to provide gastrointestinal medical oncologists, radiation and surgical oncologists, and therapeutic endoscopists with valuable information to facilitate patient discussions and aid in the complex decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushyant Singh Dahiya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Motility, The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Saurabh Chandan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CHI Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Hassam Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Bhanu Siva Mohan Pinnam
- Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Hashem Al Bunni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Andrew Canakis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Harishankar Gopakumar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | - Ishaan Vohra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | - Jay Bapaye
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY 14621, USA
| | - Mohammad Al-Haddad
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Neil R Sharma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Interventional Oncology & Surgical Endoscopy Programs (IOSE), GI Oncology Tumor Site Team, Parkview Cancer Institute, Parkview Health, Fort Wayne, IN 46845, USA
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11
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Agrawal S, Das R, Singh AK, Kumar P, Shukla PK, Bhattacharya I, Tripathi AK, Mishra SK, Tiwari KN. Network pharmacology-based anti-pancreatic cancer potential of kaempferol and catechin of Trema orientalis L. through computational approach. Med Oncol 2023; 40:133. [PMID: 37010624 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01996-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
In pancreatic cancer, healthy cells in the pancreas begin to malfunction and proliferate out of control. According to our conventional knowledge, many plants contain several novel bioactive compounds, having pharmaceutical applications for the treatment of disease like pancreatic cancer. The methanolic fraction of fruit extract of Trema orientalis L. (MFETO) was analysed through HRMS. In this in silico study, pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties of the identified flavonoids from MFETO were screened out by ADMET analysis. Kaempferol and catechin followed Lipinski rules and showed no toxicity in Protox II. Targets of these compounds were taken from SwissTarget prediction and TCMSP whilst targets for pancreatic cancer were taken from GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of common genes was generated through STRING and then exported to the Cytoscape to get top 5 hub genes (AKT1, SRC, EGFR, TNF, and CASP3). The interaction between compounds and hub genes was analysed using molecular docking, and high binding affinity between them can be visualised by Biovia discovery studio visualizer. Our study shows that, five hub genes related to pancreatic cancer play an important role in tumour growth induction, invasion and migration. Kaempferol effectively check cell migration by inhibiting ERK1/2, EGFR-related SRC, and AKT pathways by scavenging ROS whilst catechin inhibited TNFα-induced activation and cell cycle arrest at G1 and G2/M phases by induction of apoptosis of malignant cells. Kaempferol and catechin containing MFETO can be used for formulation of potent drugs for pancreatic cancer treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreni Agrawal
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Richa Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Shukla
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Indrani Bhattacharya
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Kumar Tripathi
- School of Basic and Applied Science, Galgotias University, Gautam Budha Nagar, Greater Noida, 203201, UP, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India.
| | - Kavindra Nath Tiwari
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
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12
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TWEAK/Fn14 Signalling Regulates the Tissue Microenvironment in Chronic Pancreatitis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061807. [PMID: 36980694 PMCID: PMC10046490 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis increases the risk of developing pancreatic cancer through the upregulation of pathways favouring proliferation, fibrosis, and sustained inflammation. We established in previous studies that the ligand tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) signals through its cognate receptor fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) to regulate these underlying cellular processes in the chronic liver injury niche. However, the role of the TWEAK/Fn14 signalling pathway in pancreatic disease is entirely unknown. An analysis of publicly available datasets demonstrated that the TWEAK receptor Fn14 is upregulated in pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma, with single cell RNA sequencing revealing pancreatic ductal cells as the main Fn14 producers. We then used choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented (CDE) diet feeding of wildtype C57BL/6J and Fn14 knockout littermates to (a) confirm CDE treatment as a suitable model of chronic pancreatitis and (b) to investigate the role of the TWEAK/Fn14 signalling pathway in pancreatic ductal proliferation, as well as fibrotic and inflammatory cell dynamics. Our time course data obtained at three days, three months, and six months of CDE treatment reveal that a lack of TWEAK/Fn14 signalling significantly inhibits the establishment and progression of the tissue microenvironment in CDE-induced chronic pancreatitis, thus proposing the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway as a novel therapeutic target.
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13
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Dixit A, Sarver A, Zettervall J, Huang H, Zheng K, Brekken RA, Provenzano PP. Targeting TNF-α-producing macrophages activates antitumor immunity in pancreatic cancer via IL-33 signaling. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e153242. [PMID: 36256464 PMCID: PMC9746819 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remains resistant to immune therapies, largely owing to robustly fibrotic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. It has been postulated that excessive accumulation of immunosuppressive myeloid cells influences immunotherapy resistance, and recent studies targeting macrophages in combination with checkpoint blockade have demonstrated promising preclinical results. Yet our understanding of tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) function, complexity, and diversity in PDA remains limited. Our analysis reveals significant macrophage heterogeneity, with bone marrow-derived monocytes serving as the primary source for immunosuppressive TAMs. These cells also serve as a primary source of TNF-α, which suppresses expression of the alarmin IL-33 in carcinoma cells. Deletion of Ccr2 in genetically engineered mice decreased monocyte recruitment, resulting in profoundly decreased TNF-α and increased IL-33 expression, decreased metastasis, and increased survival. Moreover, intervention studies targeting CCR2 with a new orthosteric inhibitor (CCX598) rendered PDA susceptible to checkpoint blockade, resulting in reduced metastatic burden and increased survival. Our data indicate that this shift in antitumor immunity is influenced by increased levels of IL-33, which increases dendritic cell and cytotoxic T cell activity. These data demonstrate that interventions to disrupt infiltration of immunosuppressive macrophages, or their signaling, have the potential to overcome barriers to effective immunotherapeutics for PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Dixit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aaron Sarver
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jon Zettervall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Huocong Huang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research and Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kexin Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rolf A. Brekken
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research and Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Paolo P. Provenzano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine
- Stem Cell Institute; and
- Center for Multiparametric Imaging of Tumor Immune Microenvironments, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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14
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Yu YC, Ahmed A, Lai HC, Cheng WC, Yang JC, Chang WC, Chen LM, Shan YS, Ma WL. Review of the endocrine organ-like tumor hypothesis of cancer cachexia in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1057930. [PMID: 36465353 PMCID: PMC9713001 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1057930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal types of solid tumors, associated with a high prevalence of cachexia (~80%). PDAC-derived cachexia (PDAC-CC) is a systemic disease involving the complex interplay between the tumor and multiple organs. The endocrine organ-like tumor (EOLT) hypothesis may explain the systemic crosstalk underlying the deleterious homeostatic shifts that occur in PDAC-CC. Several studies have reported a markedly heterogeneous collection of cachectic mediators, signaling mechanisms, and metabolic pathways, including exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, hormonal disturbance, pro-inflammatory cytokine storm, digestive and tumor-derived factors, and PDAC progression. The complexities of PDAC-CC necessitate a careful review of recent literature summarizing cachectic mediators, corresponding metabolic functions, and the collateral impacts on wasting organs. The EOLT hypothesis suggests that metabolites, genetic instability, and epigenetic changes (microRNAs) are involved in cachexia development. Both tumors and host tissues can secrete multiple cachectic factors (beyond only inflammatory mediators). Some regulatory molecules, metabolites, and microRNAs are tissue-specific, resulting in insufficient energy production to support tumor/cachexia development. Due to these complexities, changes in a single factor can trigger bi-directional feedback circuits that exacerbate PDAC and result in the development of irreversible cachexia. We provide an integrated review based on 267 papers and 20 clinical trials from PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov database proposed under the EOLT hypothesis that may provide a fundamental understanding of cachexia development and response to current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Yu
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Azaj Ahmed
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Chou Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Juan-Chern Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Min Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chen Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lung Ma
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gastroenterology, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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15
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Bryce AS, Dreyer SB, Froeling FEM, Chang DK. Exploring the Biology of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5302. [PMID: 36358721 PMCID: PMC9659154 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy characterised by a stubbornly low 5-year survival which is essentially unchanged in the past 5 decades. Despite recent advances in chemotherapy and surgical outcomes, progress continues to lag behind that of other cancers. The PDAC microenvironment is characterised by a dense, fibrotic stroma of which cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key players. CAFs and fibrosis were initially thought to be uniformly tumour-promoting, however this doctrine is now being challenged by a wealth of evidence demonstrating CAF phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. Recent technological advances have allowed for the molecular profiling of the PDAC tumour microenvironment at exceptional detail, and these technologies are being leveraged at pace to improve our understanding of this previously elusive cell population. In this review we discuss CAF heterogeneity and recent developments in CAF biology. We explore the complex relationship between CAFs and other cell types within the PDAC microenvironment. We discuss the potential for therapeutic targeting of CAFs, and we finally provide an overview of future directions for the field and the possibility of improving outcomes for patients with this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S. Bryce
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Bearsden G61 1BD, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 84 Castle Street, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
| | - Stephan B. Dreyer
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Bearsden G61 1BD, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 84 Castle Street, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
| | - Fieke E. M. Froeling
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Bearsden G61 1BD, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, 1053 Great Western Rd, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - David K. Chang
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Bearsden G61 1BD, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 84 Castle Street, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
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16
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Abou Saleh M, Alkhayyat M, Habash A, Almomani A, Qayyum F, Kim W, Bena J, Martin C, Regueiro M, Rieder F, Simons-Linares CR, Chahal P. The Natural Course of Pancreatic Cysts in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results of a Long-term Follow-up. Pancreas 2022; 51:814-820. [PMID: 36395408 PMCID: PMC10921864 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The natural course of pancreatic cysts in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unknown. We aim to describe the natural course of pancreatic cysts in IBD and evaluate long-term outcomes. METHODS A database of patients with abdominal imaging diagnosis of pancreatic cysts (2008-2019) was reviewed. Patients with IBD and pancreatic cysts (study group) and pancreatic cysts without IBD (controls) were selected. Outcomes were measured at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years. Several logistic regression models were used for analysis. RESULTS Of the 1789 patients evaluated, 1690 had pancreatic cysts without IBD, and 78 had IBD and pancreatic cysts. Majority of cysts were intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. Patients with IBD and pancreatic cysts were more likely to be diagnosed with pancreatic cysts at a younger age (P < 0.001) and were more likely to undergo surgical intervention at a younger age (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to evaluate the natural course of pancreatic cysts in IBD patients. Patients with IBD were more likely to have pancreatic cysts detected at a younger age. Despite the early presentation, there were no differences in long-term outcomes. Patients with IBD with pancreatic cysts should be managed similarly to those without IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohannad Abou Saleh
- From the Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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17
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Bablis P, Pollard H, Rosner AL. Stress reduction via neuro-emotional technique to achieve the simultaneous resolution of chronic low back pain with multiple inflammatory and biobehavioural indicators: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 20:135-144. [PMID: 34924332 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beginning with the concepts of stress developed by Selye, an approach to stress and pain management, known as neuro-emotional technique (NET), has been developed. It is a treatment approach based on the principle that the stressor effects of dormant and/or current unresolved issues or trauma are what determine one's bodily responses. These responses are relatively personalized to the conditioned, experiential and emotional reality of the individual. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of NET on patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) over time. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study conducted in a single clinic, NET or control treatments were given twice weekly for 4 weeks in a population of 112 patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Outcome measures, including Oswestry Disability Index, Quadruple Visual Analogue Scale, the psychoneuroimmunology markers of blood serum levels of C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and IL-10, and 10 dimensions of the Short Form Health Survey scale, were assessed at baseline and at 1, 3 and 6 months following the intervention period. RESULTS Compared to placebo, NET produced clinical and statistical significance (P < 0.001) via declines of virtually all physiological, pain and disability markers, accompanied by gains in quality-of-life indicators at 0 (baseline), 1, 3 and 6 months. Reductions of the percentages of patients whose 5 biomarkers lay outside the normative range were achieved at 1, 3 and 6 months by NET but not control interventions. CONCLUSION A randomized, controlled trial of CLBP patients indicated that 8 NET interventions, compared to placebo, produced clinically and statistically significant reductions in pain, disability and inflammatory biomarkers, and improvements in quality-of-life measures. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (No. ACTRN12608000002381).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bablis
- Universal Health, New South Wales 2028, Australia
| | - Henry Pollard
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, University of Central Queensland, Brisbane, New South Wales 4000, Australia
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18
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Gardiner JC, Cukierman E. Meaningful connections: Interrogating the role of physical fibroblast cell-cell communication in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 154:141-168. [PMID: 35459467 PMCID: PMC9483832 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As part of the connective tissue, activated fibroblasts play an important role in development and disease pathogenesis, while quiescent resident fibroblasts are responsible for sustaining tissue homeostasis. Fibroblastic activation is particularly evident in the tumor microenvironment where fibroblasts transition into tumor-supporting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), with some CAFs maintaining tumor-suppressive functions. While the tumor-supporting features of CAFs and their fibroblast-like precursors predominantly function through paracrine chemical communication (e.g., secretion of cytokine, chemokine, and more), the direct cell-cell communication that occurs between fibroblasts and other cells, and the effect that the remodeled CAF-generated interstitial extracellular matrix has in these types of cellular communications, remain poorly understood. Here, we explore the reported roles fibroblastic cell-cell communication play within the cancer stroma context and highlight insights we can gain from other disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaye C Gardiner
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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19
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PTML Modeling for Pancreatic Cancer Research: In Silico Design of Simultaneous Multi-Protein and Multi-Cell Inhibitors. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020491. [PMID: 35203699 PMCID: PMC8962338 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PANC) is a dangerous type of cancer that is a major cause of mortality worldwide and exhibits a remarkably poor prognosis. To date, discovering anti-PANC agents remains a very complex and expensive process. Computational approaches can accelerate the search for anti-PANC agents. We report for the first time two models that combined perturbation theory with machine learning via a multilayer perceptron network (PTML-MLP) to perform the virtual design and prediction of molecules that can simultaneously inhibit multiple PANC cell lines and PANC-related proteins, such as caspase-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R). Both PTML-MLP models exhibited accuracies higher than 78%. Using the interpretation from one of the PTML-MLP models as a guideline, we extracted different molecular fragments desirable for the inhibition of the PANC cell lines and the aforementioned PANC-related proteins and then assembled some of those fragments to form three new molecules. The two PTML-MLP models predicted the designed molecules as potentially versatile anti-PANC agents through inhibition of the three PANC-related proteins and multiple PANC cell lines. Conclusions: This work opens new horizons for the application of the PTML modeling methodology to anticancer research.
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20
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Wali SO, Manzar MD, Abdelaziz MM, Alshomrani R, Alhejaili F, Al-Mughales J, Alamoudi W, Gozal D. Putative associations between inflammatory biomarkers, obesity, and obstructive sleep apnea. Ann Thorac Med 2021; 16:329-336. [PMID: 34820020 PMCID: PMC8588947 DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_644_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported increased levels of inflammatory mediators in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but their relation with the severity of OSA is controversial. OBJECTIVE: To address potential relationships between OSA-related inflammatory markers, namely, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and fibrinogen, with different oxygenation parameters and with BMI. METHODS: All eligible patients with suspected OSA newly referred to the Sleep Medicine Research Center at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, were evaluated demographically and anthropometrically, and underwent overnight polysomnography. Fasting morning blood samples were collected to measure serum levels of CRP, fibrinogen, TNF-α, and IL-6. Potential correlations between these inflammatory mediators and severity measures of OSA and body mass index (BMI) were explored. RESULTS: Sixty-four patients completed the study (40 with OSA and 24 without OSA). Significantly increased levels of CRP, fibrinogen, IL-6, and TNF-α emerged in patients with OSA compared to non-OSA. Significant associations between log CRP and log fibrinogen levels emerged with increasing BMI. However, there was no significant association between any of the inflammatory markers and the severity of OSA based on the apnea/hypopnea index or oxyhemoglobin saturation-derived parameters. CONCLUSIONS: OSA patients exhibit increased levels of inflammatory mediators that do not appear to be associated with polysomnographic measures, but exhibit positive correlation with the degree of adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siraj Omar Wali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sleep Medicine and Research Center, Sleep Medicine Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Dilshad Manzar
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Abdelaziz
- Department of Medicine, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ranya Alshomrani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sleep Medicine and Research Center, Sleep Medicine Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alhejaili
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sleep Medicine and Research Center, Sleep Medicine Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamil Al-Mughales
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Immunology Lab, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wail Alamoudi
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University - Rabigh Branch, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health, Child Health Research Institute, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
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21
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Tu M, Klein L, Espinet E, Georgomanolis T, Wegwitz F, Li X, Urbach L, Danieli-Mackay A, Küffer S, Bojarczuk K, Mizi A, Günesdogan U, Chapuy B, Gu Z, Neesse A, Kishore U, Ströbel P, Hessmann E, Hahn SA, Trumpp A, Papantonis A, Ellenrieder V, Singh SK. TNF-α-producing macrophages determine subtype identity and prognosis via AP1 enhancer reprogramming in pancreatic cancer. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:1185-1203. [PMID: 35122059 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00258-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale genomic profiling of pancreatic cancer (PDAC) has revealed two distinct subtypes: 'classical' and 'basal-like'. Their variable coexistence within the stromal immune microenvironment is linked to differential prognosis; however, the extent to which these neoplastic subtypes shape the stromal immune landscape and impact clinical outcome remains unclear. By combining preclinical models, patient-derived xenografts, as well as FACS-sorted PDAC patient biopsies, we show that the basal-like neoplastic state is sustained via BRD4-mediated cJUN/AP1 expression, which induces CCL2 to recruit tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-secreting macrophages. TNF-α+ macrophages force classical neoplastic cells into an aggressive phenotypic state via lineage reprogramming. Integration of ATAC-, ChIP- and RNA-seq data revealed distinct JUNB/AP1 (classical) and cJUN/AP1 (basal-like)-driven regulation of PDAC subtype identity. Pharmacological inhibition of BRD4 led to suppression of the BRD4-cJUN-CCL2-TNF-α axis, restoration of classical subtype identity and a favorable prognosis. Hence, patient-tailored therapy for a cJUNhigh/TNF-αhigh subtype is paramount in overcoming highly inflamed and aggressive PDAC states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Tu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Klein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisa Espinet
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbh), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Florian Wegwitz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Urbach
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Adi Danieli-Mackay
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Küffer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kamil Bojarczuk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Athanasia Mizi
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ufuk Günesdogan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Björn Chapuy
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zuguang Gu
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Neesse
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hessmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephan A Hahn
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbh), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Argyris Papantonis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shiv K Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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22
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Bansod S, Dodhiawala PB, Lim KH. Oncogenic KRAS-Induced Feedback Inflammatory Signaling in Pancreatic Cancer: An Overview and New Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215481. [PMID: 34771644 PMCID: PMC8582583 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains highly refractory to treatment. While the KRAS oncogene is present in almost all PDAC cases and accounts for many of the malignant feats of PDAC, targeting KRAS or its canonical, direct effector cascades remains unsuccessful in patients. The recalcitrant nature of PDAC is also heavily influenced by its highly fibro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME), which comprises an acellular extracellular matrix and various types of non-neoplastic cells including fibroblasts, immune cells, and adipocytes, underscoring the critical need to delineate the bidirectional signaling interplay between PDAC cells and the TME in order to develop novel therapeutic strategies. The impact of tumor-cell KRAS signaling on various cell types in the TME has been well covered by several reviews. In this article, we critically reviewed evidence, including work from our group, on how the feedback inflammatory signals from the TME impact and synergize with oncogenic KRAS signaling in PDAC cells, ultimately augmenting their malignant behavior. We discussed past and ongoing clinical trials that target key inflammatory pathways in PDAC and highlight lessons to be learned from outcomes. Lastly, we provided our perspective on the future of developing therapeutic strategies for PDAC through understanding the breadth and complexity of KRAS and the inflammatory signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapana Bansod
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and The Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (S.B.); (P.B.D.)
| | - Paarth B. Dodhiawala
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and The Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (S.B.); (P.B.D.)
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kian-Huat Lim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and The Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (S.B.); (P.B.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-314-362-6157
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Singh SK, Kumar S, Viswakarma N, Principe DR, Das S, Sondarva G, Nair RS, Srivastava P, Sinha SC, Grippo PJ, Thatcher GRJ, Rana B, Rana A. MAP4K4 promotes pancreatic tumorigenesis via phosphorylation and activation of mixed lineage kinase 3. Oncogene 2021; 40:6153-6165. [PMID: 34511598 PMCID: PMC8553609 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02007-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
MAP4K4 is a Ste20 member and reported to play important roles in various pathologies, including in cancer. However, the mechanism by which MAP4K4 promotes pancreatic cancer is not fully understood. It is suggested that MAP4K4 might function as a cancer promoter via specific downstream target(s) in an organ-specific manner. Here we identified MLK3 as a direct downstream target of MAP4K4. The MAP4K4 and MLK3 associates with each other, and MAP4K4 phosphorylates MLK3 on Thr738 and increases MLK3 kinase activity and downstream signaling. The phosphorylation of MLK3 by MAP4K4 promotes pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation. Moreover, MAP4K4 is overexpressed in human pancreatic tumors and directly correlates with the disease progression. The MAP4K4-specific pharmacological inhibitor, GNE-495, impedes pancreatic cancer cell growth, migration, induces cell death, and arrests cell cycle progression. Additionally, the GNE-495 reduced the tumor burden and extended survival of the KPC mice with pancreatic cancer. The MAP4K4 inhibitor also reduced MAP4K4 protein expression, tumor stroma, and induced cell death in murine pancreatic tumors. These findings collectively suggest that MLK3 phosphorylation by MAP4K4 promotes pancreatic cancer, and therefore therapies targeting MAP4K4 might alleviate the pancreatic cancer tumor burden in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Navin Viswakarma
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Daniel R Principe
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Subhasis Das
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Gautam Sondarva
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rakesh Sathish Nair
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Piush Srivastava
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | | | - Paul J Grippo
- Department of Medicine, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Basabi Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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24
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Silke J, O’Reilly LA. NF-κB and Pancreatic Cancer; Chapter and Verse. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4510. [PMID: 34572737 PMCID: PMC8469693 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the world's most lethal cancers. An increase in occurrence, coupled with, presently limited treatment options, necessitates the pursuit of new therapeutic approaches. Many human cancers, including PDAC are initiated by unresolved inflammation. The transcription factor NF-κB coordinates many signals that drive cellular activation and proliferation during immunity but also those involved in inflammation and autophagy which may instigate tumorigenesis. It is not surprising therefore, that activation of canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways is increasingly recognized as an important driver of pancreatic injury, progression to tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Paradoxically, NF-κB dysregulation has also been shown to inhibit pancreatic inflammation and pancreatic cancer, depending on the context. A pro-oncogenic or pro-suppressive role for individual components of the NF-κB pathway appears to be cell type, microenvironment and even stage dependent. This review provides an outline of NF-κB signaling, focusing on the role of the various NF-κB family members in the evolving inflammatory PDAC microenvironment. Finally, we discuss pharmacological control of NF-κB to curb inflammation, focussing on novel anti-cancer agents which reinstate the process of cancer cell death, the Smac mimetics and their pre-clinical and early clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Silke
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Lorraine Ann O’Reilly
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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25
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Hsu SK, Li CY, Lin IL, Syue WJ, Chen YF, Cheng KC, Teng YN, Lin YH, Yen CH, Chiu CC. Inflammation-related pyroptosis, a novel programmed cell death pathway, and its crosstalk with immune therapy in cancer treatment. Theranostics 2021; 11:8813-8835. [PMID: 34522213 PMCID: PMC8419056 DOI: 10.7150/thno.62521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, chemotherapies targeting apoptosis have emerged and demonstrated remarkable achievements. However, emerging evidence has shown that chemoresistance is mediated by impairing or bypassing apoptotic cell death. Several novel types of programmed cell death, such as ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, have recently been reported to play significant roles in the modulation of cancer progression and are considered a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Thus, the switch between apoptosis and pyroptosis is also discussed. Cancer immunotherapy has gained increasing attention due to breakthroughs in immune checkpoint inhibitors; moreover, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis are highly correlated with the modulation of immunity in the tumor microenvironment. Compared with necroptosis and ferroptosis, pyroptosis is the primary mechanism for host defense and is crucial for bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Furthermore, recent evidence has demonstrated that pyroptosis exerts benefits on cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T). Hence, in this review, we elucidate the role of pyroptosis in cancer progression and the modulation of immunity. We also summarize the potential small molecules and nanomaterials that target pyroptotic cell death mechanisms and their therapeutic effects on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Kai Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - I-Ling Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Wun-Jyun Syue
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Fung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiaokang Hospital, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ni Teng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 700, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiung Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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26
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Kandikattu HK, Venkateshaiah SU, Mishra A. Chronic Pancreatitis and the Development of Pancreatic Cancer. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:1182-1210. [PMID: 32324526 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200423095700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatitis is a fibro-inflammatory disorder of the pancreas that can occur acutely or chronically as a result of the activation of digestive enzymes that damage pancreatic cells, which promotes inflammation. Chronic pancreatitis with persistent fibro-inflammation of the pancreas progresses to pancreatic cancer, which is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths across the globe. Pancreatic cancer involves cross-talk of inflammatory, proliferative, migratory, and fibrotic mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the role of cytokines in the inflammatory cell storm in pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer and their role in the activation of SDF1α/CXCR4, SOCS3, inflammasome, and NF-κB signaling. The aberrant immune reactions contribute to pathological damage of acinar and ductal cells, and the activation of pancreatic stellate cells to a myofibroblast-like phenotype. We summarize several aspects involved in the promotion of pancreatic cancer by inflammation and include a number of regulatory molecules that inhibit that process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth K Kandikattu
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Centre (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Sathisha U Venkateshaiah
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Centre (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Anil Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Centre (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
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27
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Adjuto-Saccone M, Soubeyran P, Garcia J, Audebert S, Camoin L, Rubis M, Roques J, Binétruy B, Iovanna JL, Tournaire R. TNF-α induces endothelial-mesenchymal transition promoting stromal development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:649. [PMID: 34172716 PMCID: PMC8233393 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is an important source of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which facilitates tumour progression. PDAC is characterised by abundant CAFs and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Here, we show that TNF-α strongly induces human endothelial cells to undergo EndMT. Interestingly, TNF-α strongly downregulates the expression of the endothelial receptor TIE1, and reciprocally TIE1 overexpression partially prevents TNF-α-induced EndMT, suggesting that TNF-α acts, at least partially, through TIE1 regulation in this process. We also show that TNF-α-induced EndMT is reversible. Furthermore, TNF-α treatment of orthotopic mice resulted in an important increase in the stroma, including CAFs. Finally, secretome analysis identified TNFSF12, as a regulator that is also present in PDAC patients. With the aim of restoring normal angiogenesis and better access to drugs, our results support the development of therapies targeting CAFs or inducing the EndMT reversion process in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Adjuto-Saccone
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Soubeyran
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Garcia
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Audebert
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Marseille Protéomique, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Luc Camoin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Marseille Protéomique, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Rubis
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Roques
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Binétruy
- INMED, INSERM U1249, Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Juan Lucio Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Roselyne Tournaire
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
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Romano R, Picca A, Eusebi LHU, Marzetti E, Calvani R, Moro L, Bucci C, Guerra F. Extracellular Vesicles and Pancreatic Cancer: Insights on the Roles of miRNA, lncRNA, and Protein Cargos in Cancer Progression. Cells 2021; 10:1361. [PMID: 34205944 PMCID: PMC8226820 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is among the most devastating digestive tract cancers worldwide. This cancer is characterized by poor diagnostic detection, lack of therapy, and difficulty in predicting tumorigenesis progression. Although mutations of key oncogenes and oncosuppressor involved in tumor growth and in immunosurveillance escape are known, the underlying mechanisms that orchestrate PC initiation and progression are poorly understood or still under debate. In recent years, the attention of many researchers has been concentrated on the role of extracellular vesicles and of a particular subset of extracellular vesicles, known as exosomes. Literature data report that these nanovesicles are able to deliver their cargos to recipient cells playing key roles in the pathogenesis and progression of many pancreatic precancerous conditions. In this review, we have summarized and discussed principal cargos of extracellular vesicles characterized in PC, such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and several proteins, to offer a systematic overview of their function in PC progression. The study of extracellular vesicles is allowing to understand that investigation of their secretion and analysis of their content might represent a new and potential diagnostic and prognostic tools for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.); (R.C.)
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonardo Henry Umberto Eusebi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Sant’Orsola University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.); (R.C.)
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.); (R.C.)
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Loredana Moro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; or
- Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
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29
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Hossain SMM, Halsana AA, Khatun L, Ray S, Mukhopadhyay A. Discovering key transcriptomic regulators in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using Dirichlet process Gaussian mixture model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7853. [PMID: 33846515 PMCID: PMC8041769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most lethal type of pancreatic cancer, late detection leading to its therapeutic failure. This study aims to determine the key regulatory genes and their impacts on the disease’s progression, helping the disease’s etiology, which is still mostly unknown. We leverage the landmark advantages of time-series gene expression data of this disease and thereby identified the key regulators that capture the characteristics of gene activity patterns in the cancer progression. We have identified the key gene modules and predicted the functions of top genes from a reconstructed gene association network (GAN). A variation of the partial correlation method is utilized to analyze the GAN, followed by a gene function prediction task. Moreover, we have identified regulators for each target gene by gene regulatory network inference using the dynamical GENIE3 (dynGENIE3) algorithm. The Dirichlet process Gaussian process mixture model and cubic spline regression model (splineTimeR) are employed to identify the key gene modules and differentially expressed genes, respectively. Our analysis demonstrates a panel of key regulators and gene modules that are crucial for PDAC disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Md Mosaddek Hossain
- Computer Science and Engineering, Aliah University, Kolkata, 700160, India. .,Computer Science and Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India.
| | | | - Lutfunnesa Khatun
- Computer Science and Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India
| | - Sumanta Ray
- Computer Science and Engineering, Aliah University, Kolkata, 700160, India.
| | - Anirban Mukhopadhyay
- Computer Science and Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India.
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30
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Kaur J, Singh P, Enzler T, Sahai V. Emerging antibody therapies for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a review of recent phase 2 trials. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2021; 26:103-129. [PMID: 33734833 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2021.1905795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is now the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US which can be attributed to rising incidence, diagnosis at advanced stages and early development of metastasis. Systemic therapy remains palliative with early development of resistance possibly related to the constitutive activation of 'undruggable' KRAS, immunosuppressive microenvironment, and intense desmoplasia. The advancements in molecular biology has led to the development and investigation of targeted and immune therapeutics.Areas covered: This study provides a comprehensive review of the literature to further the understanding of molecular targets with their respective antibody-based therapies in clinical development in pancreatic cancer. PubMed was systematically searched for English-language articles discussing antibody-based therapies under phase 2 clinical trial investigation in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Expert opinion: PDAC remains highly resistant to chemotherapy with no significant improvement in survival for patients with advanced or metastatic cancer. Unfortunately, the majority of the antibody-based targeted and immune therapeutics have failed to meet their primary efficacy endpoints in early phase trials. However, there are a few promising antibody-based drugs with intriguing preliminary data that merit further investigation, while many more continue to be developed and investigated preclinically, and in early phase trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Kaur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI, USA
| | - Paramveer Singh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Thomas Enzler
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vaibhav Sahai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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31
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Burrack AL, Rollins MR, Spartz EJ, Mesojednik TD, Schmiechen ZC, Raynor JF, Wang IX, Kedl RM, Stromnes IM. CD40 Agonist Overcomes T Cell Exhaustion Induced by Chronic Myeloid Cell IL-27 Production in a Pancreatic Cancer Preclinical Model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1372-1384. [PMID: 33558374 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a particularly lethal malignancy that resists immunotherapy. In this study, using a preclinical pancreatic cancer murine model, we demonstrate a progressive decrease in IFN-γ and granzyme B and a concomitant increase in Tox and IL-10 in intratumoral tumor-specific T cells. Intratumoral myeloid cells produced elevated IL-27, a cytokine that correlates with poor patient outcome. Abrogating IL-27 signaling significantly decreased intratumoral Tox+ T cells and delayed tumor growth yet was not curative. Agonistic αCD40 decreased intratumoral IL-27-producing myeloid cells, decreased IL-10-producing intratumoral T cells, and promoted intratumoral Klrg1+Gzmb+ short-lived effector T cells. Combination agonistic αCD40+αPD-L1 cured 63% of tumor-bearing animals, promoted rejection following tumor rechallenge, and correlated with a 2-log increase in pancreas-residing tumor-specific T cells. Interfering with Ifngr1 expression in nontumor/host cells abrogated agonistic αCD40+αPD-L1 efficacy. In contrast, interfering with nontumor/host cell Tnfrsf1a led to cure in 100% of animals following agonistic αCD40+αPD-L1 and promoted the formation of circulating central memory T cells rather than long-lived effector T cells. In summary, we identify a mechanistic basis for T cell exhaustion in pancreatic cancer and a feasible clinical strategy to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Burrack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55414.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55415
| | - Meagan R Rollins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55414.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55415
| | - Ellen J Spartz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55414.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55415
| | - Taylor D Mesojednik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55414.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55415
| | - Zoe C Schmiechen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55414.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55415
| | - Jackson F Raynor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55414.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55415
| | - Iris X Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55414.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55415
| | - Ross M Kedl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Ingunn M Stromnes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55414; .,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55415.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55414; and.,Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55414
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32
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Khurana N, Dodhiawala PB, Bulle A, Lim KH. Deciphering the Role of Innate Immune NF-ĸB Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092675. [PMID: 32961746 PMCID: PMC7564842 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chronic inflammation is a major mechanism that underlies the aggressive nature and treatment resistance of pancreatic cancer. In many ways, the molecular mechanisms that drive chronic inflammation in pancreatic cancer are very similar to our body’s normal innate immune response to injury or invading microorganisms. Therefore, during cancer development, pancreatic cancer cells hijack the innate immune pathway to foster a chronically inflamed tumor environment that helps shield them from immune attack and therapeutics. While blocking the innate immune pathway is theoretically reasonable, untoward side effects must also be addressed. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the literature that describe the role of innate immune signaling in pancreatic cancer, emphasizing the specific role of this pathway in different cell types. We review the interaction of the innate immune pathway and cancer-driving signaling in pancreatic cancer and provide an updated overview of novel therapeutic opportunities against this mechanism. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers with no effective treatment option. A predominant hallmark of PDAC is the intense fibro-inflammatory stroma which not only physically collapses vasculature but also functionally suppresses anti-tumor immunity. Constitutive and induced activation of the NF-κB transcription factors is a major mechanism that drives inflammation in PDAC. While targeting this pathway is widely supported as a promising therapeutic strategy, clinical success is elusive due to a lack of safe and effective anti-NF-κB pathway therapeutics. Furthermore, the cell type-specific contribution of this pathway, specifically in neoplastic cells, stromal fibroblasts, and immune cells, has not been critically appraised. In this article, we highlighted seminal and recent literature on molecular mechanisms that drive NF-κB activity in each of these major cell types in PDAC, focusing specifically on the innate immune Toll-like/IL-1 receptor pathway. We reviewed recent evidence on the signaling interplay between the NF-κB and oncogenic KRAS signaling pathways in PDAC cells and their collective contribution to cancer inflammation. Lastly, we reviewed clinical trials on agents that target the NF-κB pathway and novel therapeutic strategies that have been proposed in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Khurana
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and The Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Paarth B Dodhiawala
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and The Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ashenafi Bulle
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and The Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kian-Huat Lim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and The Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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33
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Huang BZ, Binder AM, Sugar CA, Chao CR, Setiawan VW, Zhang ZF. Methylation of immune-regulatory cytokine genes and pancreatic cancer outcomes. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1273-1285. [PMID: 32867538 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Given the immunosuppressive nature of pancreatic cancer, we investigated the relationship between epigenetic modification of immune-regulatory cytokine genes and pancreatic cancer outcomes. Materials & methods: We evaluated DNA methylation of 184 pancreatic tumor samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas for 111 CpG loci in seven cytokine genes: IL10, IL6, IL8, TGFβ1, TGFβ2, TGFβ3 and TNF. We used Cox regression to evaluate the associations between methylation and overall survival, disease-specific survival and disease progression (α = 0.05). Results: Poorer survival was associated with increased methylation in fifteen CpG probes in TGFβ1, TGFβ2, TGFβ3 and TNF. We also detected improved outcomes for three loci in IL10, IL8 and IL6. Conclusion: Epigenetic regulation of cytokine-related gene expression may be associated with pancreatic cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Z Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Alexandra M Binder
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Catherine A Sugar
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chun R Chao
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
| | - Veronica Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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34
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Melissari MT, Chalkidi N, Sarris ME, Koliaraki V. Fibroblast Reprogramming in Gastrointestinal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:630. [PMID: 32760726 PMCID: PMC7373725 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers are a significant cause of cancer mortality worldwide and have been strongly linked with chronic inflammation. Current therapies focus on epithelial/cancer cells; however, the importance of the tumor microenvironment in the development and treatment of the disease is also now well established. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment, and are actively participating in tumor initiation, promotion and metastasis. They structurally and functionally affect cancer cell proliferation, tumor immunity, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling and metastasis through a variety of signaling pathways. CAFs originate predominantly from resident mesenchymal cells, which are activated and reprogrammed in response to cues from cancer cells. In recent years, chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract has also proven an important driver of mesenchymal cell activation and subsequent CAF development, which in turn are capable of regulating the transition from acute to chronic inflammation and cancer. In this review, we will provide a concise overview of the mechanisms that drive fibroblast reprogramming in cancer and the recent advances on the downstream signaling pathways that regulate the functional properties of the activated mesenchyme. This new mechanistic insight could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies and better prognosis for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Theodora Melissari
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Niki Chalkidi
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Michalis E Sarris
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Koliaraki
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
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35
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The Role of Dysfunctional Adipose Tissue in Pancreatic Cancer: A Molecular Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071849. [PMID: 32659999 PMCID: PMC7408631 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a lethal malignancy with rising incidence and limited therapeutic options. Obesity is a well-established risk factor for PC development. Moreover, it negatively affects outcome in PC patients. Excessive fat accumulation in obese, over- and normal-weight individuals induces metabolic and inflammatory changes of adipose tissue microenvironment leading to a dysfunctional adipose “organ”. This may drive the association between abnormal fat accumulation and pancreatic cancer. In this review, we describe several molecular mechanisms that underpin this association at both local and systemic levels. We focus on the role of adipose tissue-derived circulating factors including adipokines, hormones and pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as on the impact of the local adipose tissue in promoting PC. A discussion on potential therapeutic interventions, interfering with pro-tumorigenic effects of dysfunctional adipose tissue in PC, is included. Considering the raise of global obesity, research efforts to uncover the molecular basis of the relationship between pancreatic cancer and adipose tissue dysfunction may provide novel insights for the prevention of this deadly disease. In addition, these efforts may uncover novel targets for personalized interventional strategies aimed at improving the currently unsatisfactory PC therapeutic options.
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36
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He C, Hua W, Liu J, Fan L, Wang H, Sun G. Exosomes derived from endoplasmic reticulum-stressed liver cancer cells enhance the expression of cytokines in macrophages via the STAT3 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:589-600. [PMID: 32565984 PMCID: PMC7285763 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress serves an important role in shaping the immunosuppressive microenvironment by modulating resident immune cells. However, the communication between ER-stressed tumor cells and immune cells is not fully understood. Exosomes have been reported to play a vital role in intercellular communication. Therefore, in order to investigate the role of ER stress-related exosomes in liver cancer cells mediated macrophage function remodeling, immunohistochemical analysis, western-blotting immunofluorescence and cytokine bead array analyses were performed. The results demonstrated that glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) expression was upregulated in human liver cancer tissue. Moreover, 69.09% of GRP78-positive liver cancer tissues possessed macrophages expressing CD68+ (r=0.55; P<0.001). In addition to these CD68+ macrophages, interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6 expression levels were increased in liver cancer tissues. It was also demonstrated that exosomes released by ER-stressed HepG2 cells significantly enhanced the expression levels of several cytokines, including IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α in macrophages. Furthermore, incubation of cells with ER stress-associated exosomes resulted inactivation of the Janus kinase 2/STAT3 pathway, and inhibition of STAT3 using S3I-201 in RAW264.7 cells significantly reduced cytokine production. Collectively, the present study identified a novel function of ER stress-associated exosomes in mediating macrophage cytokine secretion in the liver cancer microenvironment, and also indicated the potential of treating liver cancer via an ER stress-exosomal-STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqun He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China.,Department of Gynecological Oncology, Anhui Province Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Jiatao Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Fan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China.,Department of Liver Cancer, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Guoping Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
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Mahdavi Sharif P, Jabbari P, Razi S, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Rezaei N. Importance of TNF-alpha and its alterations in the development of cancers. Cytokine 2020; 130:155066. [PMID: 32208336 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
TNF-alpha is involved in many physiologic and pathologic cellular pathways, including cellular proliferation, differentiation, and death, regulation of immunologic reactions to different cells and molecules, local and vascular invasion of neoplasms, and destruction of tumor vasculature. It is obvious that because of integrated functions of TNF-alpha inside different physiologic systems, it cannot be used as a single-agent therapy for neoplasms; however, long-term investigation of its different cellular pathways has led to recognition of a variety of subsequent molecules with more specific interactions, and therefore, might be suitable as prognostic and therapeutic factors for neoplasms. Here, we will review different aspects of the TNF-alpha as a cytokine involved in both physiologic functions of cells and pathologic abnormalities, most importantly, cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Mahdavi Sharif
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Jabbari
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Sheffield, UK.
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38
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Razavi M, Zheng F, Telichko A, Ullah M, Dahl J, Thakor AS. Effect of Pulsed Focused Ultrasound on the Native Pancreas. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:630-638. [PMID: 31882169 PMCID: PMC7010559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) utilizes short cycles of sound waves to mechanically shake cells within tissues which, in turn, causes transient local increases in cytokines, growth factors and cell adhesion molecules. Although the effect of pFUS has been investigated in several different organs including the kidney, muscle and heart, its effect on the pancreas has not been investigated. In the present work, we applied pFUS to the rodent pancreas with the following parameters: 1.1-MHz frequency, 5-Hz pulse repetition frequency, 5% duty cycle, 10-ms pulse length, 160-s duration. Low-intensity pFUS had a spatial average temporal average intensity of 11.5 W/cm2 and a negative peak pressure of 3 MPa; high-intensity pFUS had a spatial average temporal average intensity of 18.5 W/cm2 and negative peak pressure of 4 MPa. Here we found that pFUS changed the expression of several cytokines while having no effect on the underlying tissue histology or health of pancreatic cells (as reflected by no significant change in plasma levels of amylase and lipase). Furthermore, we found that this effect on cytokine expression in the pancreas was acoustic intensity dependent; while pFUS at low intensities turned off the expression of several cytokines, at high intensities it had the opposite effect and turned on the expression of these cytokines. The ability to non-invasively manipulate the microenvironment of the pancreas using sound waves could have profound implications for priming and modulating this organ for the application of cellular therapies in the context of both regenerative medicine (i.e., diabetes and pancreatitis) and oncology (i.e., pancreatic cancer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Razavi
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA; Biionix (Bionic Materials, Implants & Interfaces) Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Fengyang Zheng
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA; Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Arsenii Telichko
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Mujib Ullah
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Jeremy Dahl
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.
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Bazzichetto C, Conciatori F, Luchini C, Simionato F, Santoro R, Vaccaro V, Corbo V, Falcone I, Ferretti G, Cognetti F, Melisi D, Scarpa A, Ciuffreda L, Milella M. From Genetic Alterations to Tumor Microenvironment: The Ariadne's String in Pancreatic Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020309. [PMID: 32012917 PMCID: PMC7072496 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The threatening notoriety of pancreatic cancer mainly arises from its negligible early diagnosis, highly aggressive progression, failure of conventional therapeutic options and consequent very poor prognosis. The most important driver genes of pancreatic cancer are the oncogene KRAS and the tumor suppressors TP53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4. Although the presence of few drivers, several signaling pathways are involved in the oncogenesis of this cancer type, some of them with promising targets for precision oncology. Pancreatic cancer is recognized as one of immunosuppressive phenotype cancer: it is characterized by a fibrotic-desmoplastic stroma, in which there is an intensive cross-talk between several cellular (e.g., fibroblasts, myeloid cells, lymphocytes, endothelial, and myeloid cells) and acellular (collagen, fibronectin, and soluble factors) components. In this review; we aim to describe the current knowledge of the genetic/biological landscape of pancreatic cancer and the composition of its tumor microenvironment; in order to better direct in the intrinsic labyrinth of this complex tumor type. Indeed; disentangling the genetic and molecular characteristics of cancer cells and the environment in which they evolve may represent the crucial step towards more effective therapeutic strategies
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bazzichetto
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (V.V.); (I.F.); (G.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabiana Conciatori
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (V.V.); (I.F.); (G.F.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-52665185
| | - Claudio Luchini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Francesca Simionato
- Division of Oncology, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Raffaela Santoro
- Medicine-Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (R.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Vanja Vaccaro
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (V.V.); (I.F.); (G.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Corbo
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (V.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Italia Falcone
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (V.V.); (I.F.); (G.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Gianluigi Ferretti
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (V.V.); (I.F.); (G.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Cognetti
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (V.V.); (I.F.); (G.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Davide Melisi
- Medicine-Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (R.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (V.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Ludovica Ciuffreda
- SAFU, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michele Milella
- Division of Oncology, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (F.S.); (M.M.)
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Upregulation of ZIP14 and Altered Zinc Homeostasis in Muscles in Pancreatic Cancer Cachexia. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010003. [PMID: 31861290 PMCID: PMC7016633 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal cancer type in which the mortality rate approaches the incidence rate. More than 85% of PDAC patients experience a profound loss of muscle mass and function, known as cachexia. PDAC patients with this condition suffer from decreased tolerance to anti-cancer therapies and often succumb to premature death due to respiratory and cardiac muscle wasting. Yet, there are no approved therapies available to alleviate cachexia. We previously found that upregulation of the metal ion transporter, Zip14, and altered zinc homeostasis are critical mediators of cachexia in metastatic colon, lung, and breast cancer models. Here, we show that a similar mechanism is likely driving the development of cachexia in PDAC. In two independent experimental metastasis models generated from the murine PDAC cell lines, Pan02 and FC1242, we observed aberrant Zip14 expression and increased zinc ion levels in cachectic muscles. Moreover, in advanced PDAC patients, high levels of ZIP14 in muscles correlated with the presence of cachexia. These studies underscore the importance of altered ZIP14 function in PDAC-associated cachexia development and highlight a potential therapeutic opportunity for improving the quality of life and prolonging survival in PDAC patients.
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41
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Fan FS, Yang CF. Synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis from a buccal squamous cell carcinoma: a case report focusing on possible metastatic mechanisms and novel therapeutic modalities. Ecancermedicalscience 2019; 13:954. [PMID: 31645882 PMCID: PMC6759322 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2019.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A 53-year-old male patient was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa with synchronous diffuse peritoneal carcinomatosis, a very rare presentation for oral cancer. His disease was highly resistant to intensive systemic chemotherapy and progressed rapidly. So far as we know, there were only five cases with peritoneal involvement by metastatic head and neck cancer reported prior to this patient in the English literature. Immunohistochemistry study revealed that tumour specimens from both oral cavity and peritoneum were negative for tumour necrosis factor alpha and CD24 but positive for CD44 and CD36. These four molecules have been disclosed to be involved in the process of peritoneal metastasis from ovarian cancer. Their roles in the metastatic pathway and possible therapeutic policy targeting at them will be thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank S Fan
- Section of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare Changhua Hospital, 80, Sec. 2, Chung-Jeng Rd, Pu-Shin Township, Chang-Hua County, 51341, Taiwan.,https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8123-6941
| | - Chung-Fan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Ministry of Health and Welfare Changhua Hospital, 80, Sec. 2, Chung-Jeng Rd, Pu-Shin Township, Chang-Hua County, 51341, Taiwan.,https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7366-4380
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42
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Zhang M, Zhou W, Zhao S, Li S, Yan D, Wang J. Eckol inhibits Reg3A-induced proliferation of human SW1990 pancreatic cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2825-2832. [PMID: 31572529 PMCID: PMC6755494 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaC) is characterized by a highly inflammatory tumor microenvironment, and inflammatory mediators are implicated in the progression of this cancer. Regenerating gene protein (Reg) 3A is significantly upregulated during pancreatic inflammation, and has been demonstrated to serve an important role during PaC progression, based on its increased expression levels in PaC and potent cell proliferation-promoting activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eckol, a phlorotannin compound with a variety of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and cytoprotective effects, on Reg3A-induced proliferation of human SW1990 PaC cells. SW1990 cells were pre-treated with eckol for 48 h at concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 µg/ml. Subsequently, Reg3A protein was added to the culture media at a final concentration of 50 ng/ml in the presence or absence of eckol for 24 h. The cytotoxicity and proliferative capacity of the SW1990 cells was determined using an MTT and flow cytometry analysis. Cell colony formation was also used to determine the effect of eckol on the anchorage-independent growth and colony-forming capacity of Reg3A-treated PaC cells. The expression levels of cyclin D1, STAT3, JAK2, and NF-κB p65 were measured with reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. Eckol reduced Reg3A-promoted cell survival, inhibited Reg3A-induced cell cycle progression and inhibited colony growth of SW1990 cells in soft agar in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the Reg3A-mediated upregulation of expression of JAK2, STAT3, NF-κBp65 and cyclin D1 was reduced when treated with eckol. Reg3A is upregulated during pancreatic inflammation and exhibits a pro-growth function and may thus serve a critical role during inflammation-driven PaC malignancies. Eckol may be a potential protective agent against progression of PaC accompanied by pancreatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China.,New Medicine Innovation and Development Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Zhou
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China.,New Medicine Innovation and Development Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Shuqi Zhao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China.,New Medicine Innovation and Development Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Shulan Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China.,New Medicine Innovation and Development Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Dan Yan
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China.,New Medicine Innovation and Development Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China.,New Medicine Innovation and Development Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
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Surarto B, Purnami N, Hutahaen F, Mahardhika MR. The Association of IL-1 Alpha Level and TNF Alpha Expressions on Bone Destruction in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media and Cholesteatoma. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 72:1-7. [PMID: 32158647 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-019-01704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone destruction in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and cholesteatoma is considered to be quite high. Bone destruction is caused by various inflammatory cytokines and osteoclasts including IL-1α and TNF-α. The imbalance between the resorption process by osteoclasts and the process of bone formation is also a causative factor for bone destruction. On top of that, the large number of patients is not supported by an equal amount of medical facilities and personnel to conduct operative procedures. To analyze the associated of IL-1α level and TNF-α expression on the severity of bone destruction in CSOM and cholesteatoma patients. The total number of the subjects was 46 patients which group I (TNF-α) consisted of 26 individuals and group II (IL-1α) contained 26 individuals as well. The analysis was conducted in 2 different places (Solo, Indonesia and Surabaya, Indonesia). IL-1α expression was assessed by using ELISA kit at the absorbance rate of 450 nm whereas the rabbit anti-TNF-α polyclonal antibody was applied to examine TNF-α. The assessment of bone destruction was carried out during the operative procedure in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia. Group I assessment resulted in severe bone destruction of 65.39% whilst group II showed severe bone destruction of 65.00%. This study revealed that TNF-α was categorized as strong positive (34.62%), moderate positive (42.30%), weak positive (19.23%), and negative (3.85%) with the value of r = 0.775; p ≤ 0.001. On the other hand, the rate of IL-1α was attained as follows: 14.93 ± 4.36 pg/ml, 22.75 ± 12.18 pg/ml, and 31.98 ± 14.16 pg/ml with the value of r = 0.625; p = 0.003. There is a significant association between expression of TNF-α and IL-1α level on the severity of bone destruction in CSOM and cholesteatoma patients. Hence, it has been proven that it is necessary to develop an additional therapeutic interventions to reduce TNF-α and IL-1α in CSOM and cholesteatoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakti Surarto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60285 Indonesia
| | - Nyilo Purnami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60285 Indonesia
| | - Fransiska Hutahaen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60285 Indonesia
| | - M Reza Mahardhika
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60285 Indonesia
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Obesity-Induced Adipose Tissue Inflammation as a Strong Promotional Factor for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070673. [PMID: 31277269 PMCID: PMC6678863 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is expected to soon become the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States. This may be due to the rising obesity prevalence, which is a recognized risk factor for PDAC. There is great interest in deciphering the underlying driving mechanisms of the obesity–PDAC link. Visceral adiposity has a strong correlation to certain metabolic diseases and gastrointestinal cancers, including PDAC. In fact, our own data strongly suggest that visceral adipose tissue inflammation is a strong promoter for PDAC growth and progression in a genetically engineered mouse model of PDAC and diet-induced obesity. In this review, we will discuss the relationship between obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation and PDAC development, with a focus on the key molecular and cellular components in the dysfunctional visceral adipose tissue, which provides a tumor permissive environment.
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45
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Amrutkar M, Aasrum M, Verbeke CS, Gladhaug IP. Secretion of fibronectin by human pancreatic stellate cells promotes chemoresistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:596. [PMID: 31208372 PMCID: PMC6580453 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gemcitabine remains a cornerstone in chemotherapy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) despite suboptimal clinical effects that are partly due to the development of chemoresistance. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) of the tumor stroma are known to interact with pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) and influence the progression of PDAC through a complex network of signaling molecules that involve extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. To understand tumor-stroma interactions regulating chemosensitivity, the role of PSC-secreted fibronectin (FN) in the development of gemcitabine resistance in PDAC was examined. Methods PSC cultures obtained from ten different human PDAC tumors were co-cultured with PCC lines (AsPC-1, BxPC-3, Capan-2, HPAF-II, MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1 and SW-1990) either directly, or indirectly via incubation with PSC-conditioned medium (PSC-CM). Gemcitabine dose response cytotoxicity was determined using MTT based cell viability assays. Protein expression was assessed by western blotting and immunofluorescence. PSC-CM secretome analysis was performed by proteomics-based LC-MS/MS, and FN content in PSC-CM was determined with ELISA. Radiolabeled gemcitabine was used to determine the capacity of PCCs to uptake the drug. Results In both direct and indirect co-culture, PSCs induced varying degrees of resistance to the cytotoxic effects of gemcitabine among all cancer cell lines examined. A variable degree of increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was observed across all PCC lines upon incubation with PSC-CM, while activation of AKT was not detected. Secretome analysis of PSC-CM identified 796 different proteins, including several ECM-related proteins such as FN and collagens. Soluble FN content in PSC-CM was detected in the range 175–350 ng/ml. Neither FN nor PSC-CM showed any effect on PCC uptake capacity of gemcitabine. PCCs grown on FN-coated surface displayed higher resistance to gemcitabine compared to cells grown on non-coated surface. Furthermore, a FN inhibitor, synthetic Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) peptide significantly inhibited PSC-CM-induced chemoresistance in PCCs via downregulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that FN secreted by PSCs in the ECM plays a key role in the development of resistance to gemcitabine via activation of ERK1/2. FN-blocking agents added to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy might counteract chemoresistance in PDAC and provide better clinical outcomes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5803-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Amrutkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Monica Aasrum
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline S Verbeke
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar P Gladhaug
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
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46
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Inflammation and Pancreatic Cancer: Focus on Metabolism, Cytokines, and Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030676. [PMID: 30764482 PMCID: PMC6387440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic and local chronic inflammation might enhance the risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and PDAC-associated inflammatory infiltrate in the tumor microenvironment concurs in enhancing tumor growth and metastasis. Inflammation is closely correlated with immunity, the same immune cell populations contributing to both inflammation and immune response. In the PDAC microenvironment, the inflammatory cell infiltrate is unbalanced towards an immunosuppressive phenotype, with a prevalence of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), M2 polarized macrophages, and Treg, over M1 macrophages, dendritic cells, and effector CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes. The dynamic and continuously evolving cross-talk between inflammatory and cancer cells might be direct and contact-dependent, but it is mainly mediated by soluble and exosomes-carried cytokines. Among these, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) plays a relevant role in enhancing cancer risk, cancer growth, and cancer-associated cachexia. In this review, we describe the inflammatory cell types, the cytokines, and the mechanisms underlying PDAC risk, growth, and progression, with particular attention on TNFα, also in the light of the potential risks or benefits associated with anti-TNFα treatments.
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47
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Casadonte R, Kriegsmann M, Perren A, Baretton G, Deininger S, Kriegsmann K, Welsch T, Pilarsky C, Kriegsmann J. Development of a Class Prediction Model to Discriminate Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma from Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor by MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 13:e1800046. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Kriegsmann
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of Heidelberg Heidelberg 69120 Germany
| | - Aurel Perren
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of Bern Bern 3012 Switzerland
| | - Gustavo Baretton
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technical University of Dresden Dresden 01307 Germany
| | | | - Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department of HematologyOncology and RheumatologyUniversity of Heidelberg Heidelberg 69120 Germany
| | - Thilo Welsch
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technical University of Dresden Dresden 01307 Germany
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technical University of Dresden Dresden 01307 Germany
| | - Jörg Kriegsmann
- Proteopath GmbH Trier 54296 Germany
- MVZ for HistologyCytology and Molecular Diagnostics Trier 54296 Germany
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Biffi G, Oni TE, Spielman B, Hao Y, Elyada E, Park Y, Preall J, Tuveson DA. IL1-Induced JAK/STAT Signaling Is Antagonized by TGFβ to Shape CAF Heterogeneity in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Discov 2018; 9:282-301. [PMID: 30366930 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 755] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is poorly responsive to therapies and histologically contains a paucity of neoplastic cells embedded within a dense desmoplastic stroma. Within the stroma, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) secrete tropic factors and extracellular matrix components, and have been implicated in PDAC progression and chemotherapy resistance. We recently identified two distinct CAF subtypes characterized by either myofibroblastic or inflammatory phenotypes; however, the mechanisms underlying their diversity and their roles in PDAC remain unknown. Here, we use organoid and mouse models to identify TGFβ and IL1 as tumor-secreted ligands that promote CAF heterogeneity. We show that IL1 induces LIF expression and downstream JAK/STAT activation to generate inflammatory CAFs and demonstrate that TGFβ antagonizes this process by downregulating IL1R1 expression and promoting differentiation into myofibroblasts. Our results provide a mechanism through which distinct fibroblast niches are established in the PDAC microenvironment and illuminate strategies to selectively target CAFs that support tumor growth. SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding the mechanisms that determine CAF heterogeneity in PDAC is a prerequisite for the rational development of approaches that selectively target tumor-promoting CAFs. Here, we identify an IL1-induced signaling cascade that leads to JAK/STAT activation and promotes an inflammatory CAF state, suggesting multiple strategies to target these cells in vivo. See related commentary by Ling and Chiao, p. 173. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 151.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Biffi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Tobiloba E Oni
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Benjamin Spielman
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Yuan Hao
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Ela Elyada
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Youngkyu Park
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.,Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | | | - David A Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York. .,Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
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Li Q, Zheng X. Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a promising circulating biomarker for the development of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27616-27626. [PMID: 28187003 PMCID: PMC5432362 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder. The relationship between tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and OSAS has been widely evaluated, but the results thus far remain inconclusive. We thereby decided to quantify the changes of TNF-alpha between OSAS patients and controls by a meta-analysis. This study complies with the MOOSE guidelines. Two reviewers independently searched articles and abstracted relevant data. In total, 47 articles (59 studies) were analyzed, including 2857 OSAS patients and 2115 controls. Overall, OSAS patients had a significantly higher level of circulating TNF-alpha than controls (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 9.66 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.66 to 11.24, P<0.001), but with significant heterogeneity (I2: 99.7%). After adjusting for potential missing studies, the overall estimate was weakened but still significant (filled WMD: 2.63 pg/mL, 95% CI: 2.56 to 2.70, P<0.001). When studies were stratified by OSAS severity, the changes in circulating TNF-alpha between patients and controls increased gradually with the more severe grades of OSAS. In patients with mild, mild-to-moderate, moderate, moderate-to-severe and severe OSAS, circulating TNF-alpha was higher than respective controls by 0.99, 1.48. 7.79, 10.08 and 8.85 pg/mL, with significant heterogeneity (I2: 91.2%, 74.5%, 97.6%, 99.0% and 98.1%). In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that circulating TNF-alpha was significantly higher in OSAS patients than in controls, and this difference became more pronounced with the more severe grades of OSAS, indicating that TNF-alpha might be a promising circulating biomarker for the development of OSAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsheng Li
- Department of Emergency Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Fujian Health Collage, Fuzhou, China
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50
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Zhu J, Xin Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Liu Y. Nimotuzumab enhances the sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-α by inhibiting the nuclear factor-кB signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3345-3351. [PMID: 29545853 PMCID: PMC5841043 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for ~85% of lung cancer cases worldwide. Current guidelines recommend the use of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors for patients with NSCLC. The EGF/EGFR signaling pathway has been demonstrated to activate nuclear factor (NF)-κB, which may inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced cell apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether inhibiting the EGF/EGFR signaling pathway sensitizes NSCLC cell lines to TNF-α-induced apoptosis. The resistance of NSCLC cell lines to TNF-α was evaluated by cell viability assay. The effect of nimotuzumab (Ni) on NSCLC cell sensitivity to TNF-α, as well as the role of NF-κB in mediating resistance to TNF-α-induced apoptosis, was explored by western blot analysis, cell viability assay, apoptosis assay and an NF-κB DNA binding assay. It was demonstrated that EGFR protein expression was markedly higher in the H292 and H1975 cell lines compared with H460 and H1299 cell lines. H292 and H1975 also exhibited significantly increased TNF-α resistance compared with H460 and H1299 cells. Low dose Ni treatment slightly reduced the viability of H292 and H1975 cells; however, combined treatment with low dose Ni and TNF-α significantly inhibited H292 and H1299 cell viability compared with H460 and H1299 cells by inducing cell apoptosis. NF-κB protein expression and activity were also inhibited by the combination treatment. TNF-α treatment alone induced apoptosis in NF-κB deficient H292 and H1975 cells, similar to the effect of combination treatment in wild type H292 and H1975 cells. The results of the present study suggest that Ni sensitizes NSCLC cell lines to TNF-α-induced cell death by inhibiting NF-κB protein expression and activation, indicating a novel mechanism by which Ni suppresses the development of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xin
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Liu
- Department of Blood Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
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