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Del Bufalo D, Damia G. Overview of BH3 mimetics in ovarian cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 129:102771. [PMID: 38875743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is the leading cause of gynecological cancer-related death, still with a dismal five-year prognosis, mainly due to late diagnosis and the emergence of resistance to cytotoxic and targeted agents. Bcl-2 family proteins have a key role in apoptosis and are associated with tumor development/progression and response to therapy in different cancer types, including ovarian carcinoma. In tumors, evasion of apoptosis is a possible mechanism of resistance to therapy. BH3 mimetics are small molecules that occupy the hydrophobic pocket on pro-survival proteins, allowing the induction of apoptosis, and are currently under study as single agents and/or in combination with cytotoxic and targeted agents in solid tumors. Here, we discuss recent advances in targeting anti-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family for the treatment of ovarian cancer, focusing on BH3 mimetics, and how these approaches could potentially offer an alternative/complementary way to treat patients and overcome or delay resistance to current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Laboratory of Gynecological Preclinical Oncology, Experimental Oncology Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via M. Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy.
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2
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Giaccari C, Antonouli S, Anifandis G, Cecconi S, Di Nisio V. An Update on Physiopathological Roles of Akt in the ReprodAKTive Mammalian Ovary. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:722. [PMID: 38929705 PMCID: PMC11204812 DOI: 10.3390/life14060722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is a key signaling cascade responsible for the regulation of cell survival, proliferation, and metabolism in the ovarian microenvironment. The optimal finetuning of this pathway is essential for physiological processes concerning oogenesis, folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation, and embryo development. The dysregulation of PI3K/Akt can impair molecular and structural mechanisms that will lead to follicle atresia, or the inability of embryos to reach later stages of development. Due to its pivotal role in the control of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and survival mechanisms, the dysregulation of this molecular pathway can trigger the onset of pathological conditions. Among these, we will focus on diseases that can harm female fertility, such as polycystic ovary syndrome and premature ovarian failure, or women's general health, such as ovarian cancer. In this review, we report the functions of the PI3K/Akt pathway in both its physiological and pathological roles, and we address the existing application of inhibitors and activators for the balancing of the molecular cascade in ovarian pathological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Giaccari
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Sevastiani Antonouli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larisa, Greece; (S.A.); (G.A.)
| | - George Anifandis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larisa, Greece; (S.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Sandra Cecconi
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, Università dell’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Nisio
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Göttig L, Schreiner S. E4orf1: The triple agent of adenovirus - Unraveling its roles in oncogenesis, infectious obesity and immune responses in virus replication and vector therapy. Tumour Virus Res 2024; 17:200277. [PMID: 38428735 PMCID: PMC10937242 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2024.200277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Adenoviruses (HAdV) are nearly ubiquitous pathogens comprising numerous sub-types that infect various tissues and organs. Among many encoded proteins that facilitate viral replication and subversion of host cellular processes, the viral E4orf1 protein has emerged as an intriguing yet under-investigated player in the complex interplay between the virus and its host. E4orf1 has gained attention as a metabolism activator and oncogenic agent, while recent research is showing that E4orf1 may play a more important role in modulating cellular pathways such as PI3K-Akt-mTOR, Ras, the immune response and further HAdV replication stages than previously anticipated. In this review, we aim to explore the structure, molecular mechanisms, and biological functions of E4orf1, shedding light on its potentially multifaceted roles during HAdV infection, including metabolic diseases and oncogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the role of functional E4orf1 in biotechnological applications such as Adenovirus (AdV) vaccine vectors and oncolytic AdV. By dissecting the intricate relationships between HAdV types and E4orf1 proteins, this review provides valuable insights into viral pathogenesis and points to promising areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Göttig
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schreiner
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (Resolving Infection Susceptibility; EXC 2155), Hannover, Germany; Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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4
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Diab SE, Tayea NA, Elwakil BH, Elshewemi SS, Gad AAEM, Abdulmalek SA, Ghareeb DA, Olama ZA. In vitro and in vivo anti-colorectal cancer effect of the newly synthesized sericin/propolis/fluorouracil nanoplatform through modulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2433. [PMID: 38286826 PMCID: PMC10825195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to assess the potential effect of sericin/propolis/fluorouracil nanoformula against colorectal cancer (CRC) (the fourth most common cause of cancer-related mortalities). A novel anti-cancerous formula of the synthesized sericin/propolis nanoparticles was developed and tested both in vitro (using Caco-2 cell line) and in vivo (in experimentally induced colorectal cancer animal models). The combination index of the prepared nanoformula proved that the combination between sericin/propolis nanoparticles and 5-fluorouracil demonstrated the highest synergistic effect (0.86), with dose reduction index (DRI) of the chemotherapeutic drug reaching 1.49. The mechanism of action of the prepared nanoformula revealed that it acts through the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and consequently inhibiting cancerous cells proliferation. Treatment and prophylactic studies of both sericin and propolis showed increased TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance) formation, downregulated BCL2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) and activated BAX, Caspase 9 and Caspase 3 expression. The prepared nanoformula decreased the ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) production in vivo owing to PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibition and FOXO-1 (Forkhead Box O1) activation that resulted in autophagy/apoptosis processes stimulation. The potent anticancer effect of the prepared nanoformula was further emphasized through the in vivo histopathological studies of experimentally induced tumors. The newly formulated sericin/propolis/fluorouracil nanoparticles exhibited clear-cut cytotoxic effects toward tumor cells with provided evidence for the prophylactic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa E Diab
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nourhan A Tayea
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Bassma H Elwakil
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Salma S Elshewemi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abir Abd El Mageid Gad
- Applied Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa A Abdulmalek
- Bio-Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Bio-Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Zakia A Olama
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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5
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Wang ZQ, Zhang ZC, Wu YY, Pi YN, Lou SH, Liu TB, Lou G, Yang C. Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins: biological functions, diseases, and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:420. [PMID: 37926722 PMCID: PMC10625992 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BET proteins, which influence gene expression and contribute to the development of cancer, are epigenetic interpreters. Thus, BET inhibitors represent a novel form of epigenetic anticancer treatment. Although preliminary clinical trials have shown the anticancer potential of BET inhibitors, it appears that these drugs have limited effectiveness when used alone. Therefore, given the limited monotherapeutic activity of BET inhibitors, their use in combination with other drugs warrants attention, including the meaningful variations in pharmacodynamic activity among chosen drug combinations. In this paper, we review the function of BET proteins, the preclinical justification for BET protein targeting in cancer, recent advances in small-molecule BET inhibitors, and preliminary clinical trial findings. We elucidate BET inhibitor resistance mechanisms, shed light on the associated adverse events, investigate the potential of combining these inhibitors with diverse therapeutic agents, present a comprehensive compilation of synergistic treatments involving BET inhibitors, and provide an outlook on their future prospects as potent antitumor agents. We conclude by suggesting that combining BET inhibitors with other anticancer drugs and innovative next-generation agents holds great potential for advancing the effective targeting of BET proteins as a promising anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhao-Cong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yu-Yang Wu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ya-Nan Pi
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Sheng-Han Lou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Tian-Bo Liu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Ge Lou
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Chang Yang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China.
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Golbashirzadeh M, Heidari HR, Aghamolayi AA, Fattahi Y, Talebi M, Khosroushahi AY. In vitro siRNA-mediated GPX4 and AKT1 silencing in oxaliplatin resistance cancer cells induces ferroptosis and apoptosis. Med Oncol 2023; 40:279. [PMID: 37632628 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a member of platinum-based chemotherapy drugs frequently used in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, resistance to oxaliplatin causes tumor progression and metastasis. Akt1 and Gpx4 are essential regulator genes of apoptosis and ferroptosis pathways. Inhibition of these genes might eradicate oxaliplatin resistance in resistant CRC cells. We compared two cell death strategies to reverse drug resistance in Caco-2 and HT-29 oxaliplatin-resistant cell lines. We used the AKT1-specific siRNA to induce apoptosis. Also, GPX4-specific siRNA and FIN56 were utilized to generate ferroptosis. The effect of these treatments was assessed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, cell viability, and protein expression level assays. Besides, the expression of GPX4, CoQ10, and NRF2 was assessed in both cell lines after treatments. Correctly measuring the expression of these responsible genes and proteins confirms the occurrence of different types of cell death. In addition, the ability of Akt1/ GPX4 siRNA in resensitizing HT-29 and Caco-2 oxaliplatin resistance cells was evaluated. Our finding showed that the upregulation of GPX4/siRNA caused a reduction in GPX4 and CoQ10 expressions in both cell lines. However, the expression level of NRF2 showed the same level in our cell lines, so we observed a downregulation of NRF2 in resistant CRC cell lines. Cell viability assay indicated that induction of ferroptosis by GPX4/siRNA or FIN56 and apoptosis by Akt1/siRNA in resistant cell lines could reverse the oxaliplatin resistance. We concluded that downregulation of Akt1 or Gpx4 could increase the efficacy of oxaliplatin to overcome the resistance compared to FIN56.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Golbashirzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. 14766-51664, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Heidari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. 14766-51664, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ali Asghar Aghamolayi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. 14766-51664, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yasin Fattahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. 14766-51664, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, P.O.Box 51548-53431, Tabriz, Iran.
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7
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Cai J, Hu Q, He Z, Chen X, Wang J, Yin X, Ma X, Zeng J. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Their Natural Flavonoid Compounds in the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5082. [PMID: 37446743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common types of cancer in women with a high mortality rate, and the treatment of OC is prone to high recurrence rates and side effects. Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) is a herbal medicine with good anti-cancer activity, and several studies have shown that SB and its flavonoids have some anti-OC properties. This paper elucidated the common pathogenesis of OC, including cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation, cell invasion and metastasis, apoptosis and autophagy, drug resistance and angiogenesis. The mechanisms of SB and its flavonoids, wogonin, baicalein, baicalin, Oroxylin A, and scutellarein, in the treatment of OC, are revealed, such as wogonin inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis, inhibits invasion and metastasis, and increases the cytotoxicity of the drug. Baicalein also inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression etc. Analyzing their advantages and disadvantages in treating OC provides a new perspective on the role of SB and its flavonoids in OC treatment. It serves as a resource for future OC research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Cai
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhelin He
- Endoscopy Center, Guang'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang'an 638000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Endoscopy Center, Guang'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang'an 638000, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Endoscopy Center, Guang'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang'an 638000, China
| | - Xiang Yin
- Endoscopy Center, Guang'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang'an 638000, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
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Corno C, D’Arcy P, Bagnoli M, Paolini B, Costantino M, Carenini N, Corna E, Alberti P, Mezzanzanica D, Colombo D, Linder S, Arrighetti N, Perego P. The deubiquitinase USP8 regulates ovarian cancer cell response to cisplatin by suppressing apoptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1055067. [PMID: 36578788 PMCID: PMC9791127 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1055067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of therapeutic approaches to improve response to platinum-based therapies is an urgent need for ovarian carcinoma. Deubiquitinases are a large family of ubiquitin proteases implicated in a variety of cellular functions and may contribute to tumor aggressive features through regulation of processes such as proliferation and cell death. Among the subfamily of ubiquitin-specific peptidases, USP8 appears to be involved in modulation of cancer cell survival by still poorly understood mechanisms. Thus, we used ovarian carcinoma cells of different histotypes, including cisplatin-resistant variants with increased survival features to evaluate the efficacy of molecular targeting of USP8 as a strategy to overcome drug resistance/modulate cisplatin response. We performed biochemical analysis of USP8 activity in pairs of cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant cells and found increased USP8 activity in resistant cells. Silencing of USP8 resulted in decreased activation of receptor tyrosine kinases and increased sensitivity to cisplatin in IGROV-1/Pt1 resistant cells as shown by colony forming assay. Increased cisplatin sensitivity was associated with enhanced cisplatin-induced caspase 3/7 activation and apoptosis, a phenotype also observed in cisplatin sensitive cells. Increased apoptosis was linked to FLIPL decrease and cisplatin induction of caspase 3 in IGROV-1/Pt1 cells, cisplatin-induced claspin and survivin down-regulation in IGROV-1 cells, thereby showing a decrease of anti-apoptotic proteins. Immunohistochemical staining on 65 clinical specimens from advanced stage ovarian carcinoma indicated that 40% of tumors were USP8 positive suggesting that USP8 is an independent prognostic factor for adverse outcome when considering progression free survival as a clinical end-point. Taken together, our results support that USP8 may be of diagnostic value and may provide a therapeutic target to improve the efficacy of platinum-based therapy in ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Corno
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Unit of Molecular Pharmacology, Milan, Italy
| | - Padraig D’Arcy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marina Bagnoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Unit of Molecular Therapies, Milan, Italy
| | - Biagio Paolini
- Pathology Unit 1, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Costantino
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Unit of Molecular Pharmacology, Milan, Italy
| | - Nives Carenini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Unit of Molecular Pharmacology, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Corna
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Unit of Molecular Pharmacology, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Alberti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Unit of Molecular Therapies, Milan, Italy
| | - Delia Mezzanzanica
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Unit of Molecular Therapies, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Colombo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden,Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noemi Arrighetti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Unit of Molecular Pharmacology, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Unit of Molecular Pharmacology, Milan, Italy,*Correspondence: Paola Perego,
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Wang S, Cui Q, Chen X, Zhu X, Lin K, Zheng Q, Wang Y, Li D. Ailanthone Inhibits Cell Proliferation in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma via PI3K/AKT Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:3859489. [PMID: 36387351 PMCID: PMC9643058 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3859489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is the most widespread and invasive subtype of oral cancer with high recurrence rates. Ailanthone (AIL) is an active ingredient in the plant extracts of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. Here, we showed that AIL inhibited the proliferation of human TSCC, the cell viability of Cal-27 and Tca8113 was significantly decreased after AIL treatment for 24 h. Hoechst 33258 staining demonstrated apoptotic characteristics (such as chromatin aggregation) after AIL treatment. The ratio of early- and late-apoptotic cells in AIL-treated Cal-27 and TCA8113 cells increased remarkably when compared with the control group. Bcl-2/Bax ratio and the levels of PARP1, caspase-9, and caspase-3 decreased after AIL treatment, accompanied by significant increase of cleaved PARP1, cleaved caspase-9, and caspase-3 in Cal-27 and TCA8113 cells. Meanwhile, AIL led to Cal-27 cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Western blot implied decreased levels of CDK1 and cyclin B1 after AIL treatment. The level of phospho-PI3K p55 subunit and p-Akt were significantly downregulated by AIL in both Cal-27 and TCA8113 cells. These findings implied the potential applications of AIL in the treatment of human TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Platform for Modernization and Industrialization of Regional Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
- College of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
- College of Stomatology, Qilu Medical University, Zibo 255300, Shandong, China
| | - Qixiao Cui
- College of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Platform for Modernization and Industrialization of Regional Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Xuejie Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Platform for Modernization and Industrialization of Regional Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Kehao Lin
- College of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Platform for Modernization and Industrialization of Regional Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- College of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, Shandong, China
| | - Defang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Platform for Modernization and Industrialization of Regional Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
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10
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Izuegbuna OO. Polyphenols: Chemoprevention and therapeutic potentials in hematological malignancies. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1008893. [PMID: 36386899 PMCID: PMC9643866 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1008893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are one of the largest plant-derived natural product and they play an important role in plants' defense as well as in human health and disease. A number of them are pleiotropic molecules and have been shown to regulate signaling pathways, immune response and cell growth and proliferation which all play a role in cancer development. Hematological malignancies on the other hand, are cancers of the blood. While current therapies are efficacious, they are usually expensive and with unwanted side effects. Thus, the search for newer less toxic agents. Polyphenols have been reported to possess antineoplastic properties which include cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis via multiple mechanisms. They also have immunomodulatory activities where they enhance T cell activation and suppress regulatory T cells. They carry out these actions through such pathways as PI3K/Akt/mTOR and the kynurenine. They can also reverse cancer resistance to chemotherapy agents. In this review, i look at some of the molecular mechanism of action of polyphenols and their potential roles as therapeutic agents in hematological malignancies. Here i discuss their anti-proliferative and anti-neoplastic activities especially their abilities modulate signaling pathways as well as immune response in hematological malignancies. I also looked at clinical studies done mainly in the last 10-15 years on various polyphenol combination and how they enhance synergism. I recommend that further preclinical and clinical studies be carried out to ensure safety and efficacy before polyphenol therapies be officially moved to the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogochukwu O. Izuegbuna
- Department of Haematology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
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11
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Hong J, Zheng W, Cai X. Small-molecule high-throughput screening identifies a MEK inhibitor PD1938306 that enhances sorafenib efficacy via MCL-1 and BIM in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2022; 26:1364-1374. [PMID: 36043792 PMCID: PMC9971357 DOI: 10.2174/1386207325666220830145026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Sorafenib is the most widely used systematic therapy drug for treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but showed dissatisfactory efficacy in clinical applications. Objective We conducted a combinational quantitative small-molecule high-throughput screening (qHTS) to identify potential candidates to enhance the treatment effectiveness of sorafenib. Methods First, using a Hep3B human HCC cell line, 7051 approved drugs and bioactive compounds were screened, then the primary hits were tested with/ without 0.5 μM sorafenib respectively, the compound has the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) shift value greater than 1.5 was thought to have the synergistic effect with sorafenib. Furthermore, the MEK inhibitor PD198306 was selected for further mechanistic study. Results 12 effective compounds were identified, including kinase inhibitors that target MEK, AURKB, CAMK, ROCK2, BRAF, PI3K, AKT and EGFR, as well as a μ-opioid receptor agonist and a L-type calcium channel blocker. The mechanistic research of the combination of sorafenib plus PD198306 showed that the two compounds synergistically inhibited MEK-ERK and mTORC1-4EBP1, and induced apoptosis in HCC cells, which can be attributed to the transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of MCL-1 and BIM. Conclusion Small-molecule qHTS identifies MEK inhibitor PD1938306 as a potent sorafenib enhancer, together with several novel combination strategies that are valuable for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China,National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China,Correspondence to: Xiujun Cai, 3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310000, China. Tel: +86-0571-8600-6617; Fax: +86-0571-8604-4817;
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12
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Naderbar L, Pazhang Y, Rezaie J. Inhibiting AKT signaling pathway with cilostazol and meloxicam synergism for suppressing K562 cells in vitro. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23185. [PMID: 35920412 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in cancer treatment, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is still one of the leading causes of death in the world. Due to the role of inflammation in cancer promotion and progression, thus use of anti-inflammatory agents may suppress cancer cell growth. In this study, we used two anti-inflammatory drugs, cilostazol and meloxicam, for the treatment of CML. Cell viability was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the synergism occurrence was calculated by compusyn software. Annexin V/PI test and Hoechst staining were used to determine the apoptosis rate. To determine the pathway of apoptosis induction, the expression of BCL2 Associated X (Bax) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) apoptotic genes and caspases activity were evaluated. The cell cycle was analyzed by propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence were performed to estimate alterations in Ak strain transforming-1 (AKT-1), phosphprylated AKT-1 (p-AKT-1), adenosine mono-phosphate-kinase (AMPK), and phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) proteins and BCR/ABL and c-Myc distribution, respectively. Results showed that cilostazol, meloxicam, and their combination drug reduced cell viability (p < 0.05). Compared with control, expression of Bax and Bcl-2 decreased in treated cells, respectively (p < 0.05). The caspase-9 activity increased in treated cells compared to control cells (p < 0.001). The applied drugs decreased the protein level of p-AKT-1 while increasing the p-AMPK protein level (p < 0.05). BCR/ABL and c-Myc Protein distribution significantly decreased in treated cells. In conclusion, the combination drug had more cytotoxic effects than cilostazol and meloxicam alone and induced apoptosis by inhibiting AKT-1 activation and c-Myc reduction. Therefore using combination drugs effectively can treat cancers of CML origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laya Naderbar
- Biology department, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yaghub Pazhang
- Biology department, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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13
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du Manoir S, Delpech H, Orsetti B, Jacot W, Pirot N, Noel J, Colombo PE, Sardet C, Theillet C. In high grade ovarian carcinoma, platinum-sensitive tumor recurrence and acquired-resistance derive from quiescent residual cancer cells that overexpress CRYAB, CEACAM6 and SOX2. J Pathol 2022; 257:367-378. [PMID: 35302657 DOI: 10.1002/path.5896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Most High-Grade Ovarian Carcinomas (HGOCs) are sensitive to carboplatin (CBP)-based chemotherapy but frequently recur within 24 months. Recurrent tumors remain CBP-sensitive and acquire resistance only after several treatment rounds. Recurrences arise from a small number of residual tumor cells hardly amenable to investigation in patients. We developed Patient-Derived Xenografts (PDXs) that allow the study of these different stages of CBP-sensitive recurrence and acquisition of resistance. We generated PDX models from CBP-sensitive and intrinsically resistant HGOC. PDXs were CBP- or mock-treated and tumors were sampled, after treatment and at recurrence. We also isolated models with acquired-resistance from CBP-sensitive PDXs. All tumors were characterized at the histological and transcriptome levels. PDX models reproduced treatment response seen in the patients. CBP-sensitive residual tumors contained non-proliferating tumor cells clusters embedded in a fibrotic mesh. In non-treated PDX tumors and treated CBP-resistant tumors fibrotic tissue was not prevalent. Residual tumors had marked differences in gene expression when compared to naïve and recurrent tumors, indicating downregulation of cell cycle and proliferation and upregulation of interferon response and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This gene expression pattern resembled that described in embryonal diapause and 'drug-tolerant persister' states. Residual and acquired-resistance tumors share the overexpression of three genes: CEACAM6, CRYAB, and SOX2.Immunostaining analysis showed strong CEACAM6, CRYAB, and SOX2 protein expression in CBP-sensitive residual and acquired resistance PDX, thus, confirming RNA profiling results. In HGOC PDX, CBP-sensitive recurrences arise from a small population of quiescent, drug-tolerant, residual cells embedded in a fibrotic mesh. These cells overexpress CEACAM6, CRYAB and SOX2, whose overexpression is also associated with acquired resistance and poor patient prognosis. CEACAM6, CRYAB and SOX2 may, thus, serve as a biomarker to predict recurrence and emergence of resistant disease in CBP-treated HGOC patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hélène Delpech
- IRCM U1194, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Béatrice Orsetti
- IRCM U1194, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - William Jacot
- IRCM U1194, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nelly Pirot
- IRCM U1194, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Noel
- BCM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Claude Sardet
- IRCM U1194, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, ICM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Theillet
- IRCM U1194, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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14
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Matasariu DR, Lozneanu L, Dumitraşcu I, Grigore M, Cristofor AE, Mandici CE, Bujor IE, Ursache A, Brăila AD, Bauşic A, Micu R. Hormonal, apoptotic, proliferative and inflammatory markers' expression in Desogestrel-treated women with ovarian endometriosis. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2022; 63:137-144. [PMID: 36074677 PMCID: PMC9593118 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.63.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a relatively frequent pathology in gynecological practice. We performed an analysis to demonstrate the molecular changes that occur in endometriosis synthetic progestin-treated patients, hoping to sketch a possible pathophysiological pathway that will help us to better understand and treat this debilitating disease. We conducted a prospective study that included a group of 40 women, evaluated in our hospital between 2020-2021. We evaluated immunohistochemical tissue expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein, Ki-67, and serum levels of osteopontin (OPN) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with ovarian endometrioma with and without progestin treatment. Our study revealed that Desogestrel treatment increases OPN serum levels, PR and Bcl-2 tissue expression and reduces VEGF serum levels and Ki-67 tissue expression. The results we have obtained are very interesting because the serum levels of OPN seem to be more influenced by progestin treatment, than by endometriosis itself. The study we have conducted gives a molecular complex view of what endometriosis represents and on how Desogestrel treatment works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela-Roxana Matasariu
- Department of Mother and Child, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cuza Vodă Hospital, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Ludmila Lozneanu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I – Histology, Pathology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Sf. Spiridon Emergency County Hospital, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Irina Dumitraşcu
- Department of Mother and Child, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cuza Vodă Hospital, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Grigore
- Department of Mother and Child, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cuza Vodă Hospital, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Elena Cristofor
- Department of Mother and Child, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cuza Vodă Hospital, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Cristina Elena Mandici
- Department of Mother and Child, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Iuliana-Elena Bujor
- Department of Mother and Child, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cuza Vodă Hospital, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Ursache
- Department of Mother and Child, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Anca Daniela Brăila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital, Craiova, Romania
| | - Alexandra Bauşic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prof. Dr. Panait Sîrbu Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Romeo Micu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Regina Maria Maternity, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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15
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Huang D, Chowdhury S, Wang H, Savage SR, Ivey RG, Kennedy JJ, Whiteaker JR, Lin C, Hou X, Oberg AL, Larson MC, Eskandari N, Delisi DA, Gentile S, Huntoon CJ, Voytovich UJ, Shire ZJ, Yu Q, Gygi SP, Hoofnagle AN, Herbert ZT, Lorentzen TD, Calinawan A, Karnitz LM, Weroha SJ, Kaufmann SH, Zhang B, Wang P, Birrer MJ, Paulovich AG. Multiomic analysis identifies CPT1A as a potential therapeutic target in platinum-refractory, high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100471. [PMID: 35028612 PMCID: PMC8714940 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to platinum compounds is a major determinant of patient survival in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). To understand mechanisms of platinum resistance and identify potential therapeutic targets in resistant HGSOC, we generated a data resource composed of dynamic (±carboplatin) protein, post-translational modification, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) profiles from intra-patient cell line pairs derived from 3 HGSOC patients before and after acquiring platinum resistance. These profiles reveal extensive responses to carboplatin that differ between sensitive and resistant cells. Higher fatty acid oxidation (FAO) pathway expression is associated with platinum resistance, and both pharmacologic inhibition and CRISPR knockout of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), which represents a rate limiting step of FAO, sensitize HGSOC cells to platinum. The results are further validated in patient-derived xenograft models, indicating that CPT1A is a candidate therapeutic target to overcome platinum resistance. All multiomic data can be queried via an intuitive gene-query user interface (https://sites.google.com/view/ptrc-cell-line).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Huang
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Shrabanti Chowdhury
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sara R. Savage
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard G. Ivey
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jacob J. Kennedy
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Whiteaker
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Chenwei Lin
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Xiaonan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ann L. Oberg
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Melissa C. Larson
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Najmeh Eskandari
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Davide A. Delisi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Saverio Gentile
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Uliana J. Voytovich
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Zahra J. Shire
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew N. Hoofnagle
- Department of Lab Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Zachary T. Herbert
- Molecular Biology Core Facilities, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Travis D. Lorentzen
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anna Calinawan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - S. John Weroha
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael J. Birrer
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Amanda G. Paulovich
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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16
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Massimino M, Vigneri P, Stella S, Tirrò E, Pennisi MS, Parrinello LN, Vetro C, Manzella L, Stagno F, Di Raimondo F. Combined Inhibition of Bcl2 and Bcr-Abl1 Exercises Anti-Leukemia Activity but Does Not Eradicate the Primitive Leukemic Cells. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235606. [PMID: 34884309 PMCID: PMC8658323 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The management of Philadelphia Chromosome-positive (Ph+) hematological malignancies is strictly correlated to the use of BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, these drugs do not induce leukemic stem cells death and their persistence may generate a disease relapse. Published reports indicated that Venetoclax, a selective BCL2 inhibitor, could be effective in Ph+ diseases, as BCL2 anti-apoptotic activity is modulated by BCR-ABL1 kinase. We, therefore, investigated if BCL2 inhibition, alone or combined with Nilotinib, a BCR-ABL1 inhibitor, affects the primitive and committed Ph+ cells survival. Methods: We used Ph+ cells isolated from leukemic patients at diagnosis. To estimate the therapeutic efficacy of BCL2 and BCR-ABL1 inhibition we employed long-term culture, proliferation and apoptosis assay. Immunoblot was used to evaluate the ability of treatment to interfere with the down-stream targets of BCR-ABL1. Results: Blocking BCL2, we observed reduced proliferation and clonogenic potential of CML CD34-positive cells and this cytotoxicity was improved by combination with BCR-ABL1 inhibitor. However, BCL2 inhibition, alone or in combination regiment with BCR-ABL1 inhibitor, did not reduce the self-renewal of primitive leukemic cells, while strongly induced cell death on primary Ph+ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Conclusion: Our results suggest that primitive CML leukemic cells are not dependent on BCL2 for their persistence and support that committed CML and Ph + ALL cells are dependent by BCL2 and BCR-ABL1 cooperation for their survival. The antileukemic activity of BCL2 and BCR-ABL1 dual targeting may be a useful therapeutic strategy for Ph+ ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Massimino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (P.V.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (M.S.P.); (L.M.)
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-3781952; Fax: +39-095-3781949
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (P.V.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (M.S.P.); (L.M.)
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Stella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (P.V.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (M.S.P.); (L.M.)
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Tirrò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (P.V.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (M.S.P.); (L.M.)
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Pennisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (P.V.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (M.S.P.); (L.M.)
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Nunziatina Parrinello
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.N.P.); (C.V.); (F.S.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Calogero Vetro
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.N.P.); (C.V.); (F.S.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Livia Manzella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (P.V.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (M.S.P.); (L.M.)
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Stagno
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.N.P.); (C.V.); (F.S.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.N.P.); (C.V.); (F.S.); (F.D.R.)
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17
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Xin L, Xiao W, Che L, Liu J, Miccio L, Bianco V, Memmolo P, Ferraro P, Li X, Pan F. Label-Free Assessment of the Drug Resistance of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells in a Microfluidic Holographic Flow Cytometer Boosted through Machine Learning. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:31046-31057. [PMID: 34841147 PMCID: PMC8613806 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
About 75% of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients suffer from relapsing and develop drug resistance after primary chemotherapy. The commonly used clinical examinations and biological tumor tissue models for chemotherapeutic sensitivity are time-consuming and expensive. Research studies showed that the cell morphology-based method is promising to be a new route for chemotherapeutic sensitivity evaluation. Here, we offer how the drug resistance of EOC cells can be assessed through a label-free and high-throughput microfluidic flow cytometer equipped with a digital holographic microscope reinforced by machine learning. It is the first time that such type of assessment is performed to the best of our knowledge. Several morphologic and texture features at a single-cell level have been extracted from the quantitative phase images. In addition, we compared four common machine learning algorithms, including naive Bayes, decision tree, K-nearest neighbors, support vector machine (SVM), and fully connected network. The result shows that the SVM classifier achieves the optimal performance with an accuracy of 92.2% and an area under the curve of 0.96. This study demonstrates that the proposed method achieves high-accuracy, high-throughput, and label-free assessment of the drug resistance of EOC cells. Furthermore, it reflects strong potentialities to develop data-driven individualized chemotherapy treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xin
- Key
Laboratory of Precision Opto-mechatronics Technology, School of Instrumentation
& Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang
University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Key
Laboratory of Precision Opto-mechatronics Technology, School of Instrumentation
& Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang
University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Leiping Che
- Key
Laboratory of Precision Opto-mechatronics Technology, School of Instrumentation
& Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang
University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - JinJin Liu
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University
People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Lisa Miccio
- CNR,
Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems (ISASI) “E.
Caianiello”, via
Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Vittorio Bianco
- CNR,
Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems (ISASI) “E.
Caianiello”, via
Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Memmolo
- CNR,
Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems (ISASI) “E.
Caianiello”, via
Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- CNR,
Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems (ISASI) “E.
Caianiello”, via
Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University
People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Key
Laboratory of Precision Opto-mechatronics Technology, School of Instrumentation
& Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang
University, Beijing 100191, China
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18
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Fan Y, Sun Q, Li X, Feng J, Ao Z, Li X, Wang J. Substrate Stiffness Modulates the Growth, Phenotype, and Chemoresistance of Ovarian Cancer Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:718834. [PMID: 34504843 PMCID: PMC8421636 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.718834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical factors in the tumor microenvironment play an important role in response to a variety of cellular activities in cancer cells. Here, we utilized polyacrylamide hydrogels with varying physical parameters simulating tumor and metastatic target tissues to investigate the effect of substrate stiffness on the growth, phenotype, and chemotherapeutic response of ovarian cancer cells (OCCs). We found that increasing the substrate stiffness promoted the proliferation of SKOV-3 cells, an OCC cell line. This proliferation coincided with the nuclear translocation of the oncogene Yes-associated protein. Additionally, we found that substrate softening promoted elements of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including mesenchymal cell shape changes, increase in vimentin expression, and decrease in E-cadherin and β-catenin expression. Growing evidence demonstrates that apart from contributing to cancer initiation and progression, EMT can promote chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, we evaluated tumor response to standard chemotherapeutic drugs (cisplatin and paclitaxel) and found antiproliferation effects to be directly proportional to the stiffness of the substrate. Nanomechanical studies based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) have revealed that chemosensitivity and chemoresistance are related to cellular mechanical properties. The results of cellular elastic modulus measurements determined by AFM demonstrated that Young's modulus of SKOV-3 cells grown on soft substrates was less than that of cells grown on stiff substrates. Gene expression analysis of SKOV-3 cells showed that mRNA expression can be greatly affected by substrate stiffness. Finally, immunocytochemistry analyses revealed an increase in multidrug resistance proteins, namely, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 and member 4 (ABCB1 and ABCB4), in the cells grown on the soft gel resulting in resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. In conclusion, our study may help in identification of effective targets for cancer therapy and improve our understanding of the mechanisms of cancer progression and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Fan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Quanmei Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Hospital of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiantao Feng
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Ao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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19
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Molecular Human Targets of Bioactive Alkaloid-Type Compounds from Tabernaemontana cymose Jacq. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123765. [PMID: 34205626 PMCID: PMC8234993 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are a group of secondary metabolites that have been widely studied for the discovery of new drugs due to their properties on the central nervous system and their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cancer activities. Molecular docking was performed for 10 indole alkaloids identified in the ethanol extract of Tabernaemontana cymosa Jacq. with 951 human targets involved in different diseases. The results were analyzed through the KEGG and STRING databases, finding the most relevant physiological associations for alkaloids. The molecule 5-oxocoronaridine proved to be the most active molecule against human proteins (binding energy affinity average = −9.2 kcal/mol) and the analysis of the interactions between the affected proteins pointed to the PI3K/ Akt/mTOR signaling pathway as the main target. The above indicates that indole alkaloids from T. cymosa constitute a promising source for the search and development of new treatments against different types of cancer.
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20
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Wang LL, Hu RC, Dai AG, Tan SX, Xu M, Kong CC, Chen YR, Fu DY. CHOP overexpression sensitizes human non-small cell lung cancer cells to cisplatin treatment by Bcl-2/JNK pathway. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:6279-6287. [PMID: 34306367 PMCID: PMC8290817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), a 29 kDa cellular protein, plays a role in regulating tumor proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, cell death, and in tumor resistance to chemotherapy. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a tumor of the respiratory system and drug resistance is prevalent among NSCLC clinical cell cultures. Herein, our study elucidated the effect of CHOP on NSCLC cells with cisplatin resistance and its mechanism. In a NSCLC cell line with cisplatin-resistance, CHOP expression was decreased, compared with A549 cells. Overexpression of CHOP decreased the cell viability and enhanced cell apoptosis in the cells treated with cisplatin. Expression of CHOP also inhibited the cell proliferation and metastasis. CHOP increased the therapeutic effect of cisplatin on NSCLC cells through the Bcl-2/JNK pathway. In summary, CHOP regulated cisplatin resistance in cells of NSCLC by promoting the expression of apoptotic proteins and inhibiting the Bcl-2/JNK signaling pathway, indicating the antitumor effects of CHOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Le Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410016, China
| | - Rui-Cheng Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410016, China
| | - Ai-Guo Dai
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangsha 410208, China
| | - Shuang-Xiang Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410016, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410016, China
| | - Chun-Chu Kong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410016, China
| | - Yun-Rong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410016, China
| | - Dai-Yan Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410016, China
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21
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Tran MT. Overview of Ca2+ signaling in lung cancer progression and metastatic lung cancer with bone metastasis. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:249-265. [PMID: 36046435 PMCID: PMC9400727 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ ions that are thought to be one of the most important second messengers for cellular signaling, have a substantial diversity of roles in regulating a plethora of fundamental cellular physiology such as gene expression, cell division, cell motility and apoptosis. It has been suggestive of the Ca2+ signaling-dependent cellular processes to be tightly regulated by the numerous types of Ca2+ channels, pumps, exchangers and sensing receptors. Consequently, dysregulated Ca2+ homeostasis leads to a series of events connected to elevated malignant phenotypes including uncontrolled proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis, all of which are frequently observed in advanced stage lung cancer cells. The incidence of bone metastasis in patients with advanced stage lung cancer is estimated in a range of 30% to 40%, bringing about a significant negative impact on both morbidity and survival. This review dissects and summarizes the important roles of Ca2+ signaling transduction in contributing to lung cancer progression, and address the question: if and how Ca2+ signaling might have been engaged in metastatic lung cancer with bone metastasis, thereby potentially providing the multifaceted and promising solutions for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh Tien Tran
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
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22
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Safi A, Heidarian E, Ahmadi R. Quercetin Synergistically Enhances the Anticancer Efficacy of Docetaxel through Induction of Apoptosis and Modulation of PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, and JAK/STAT3 Signaling Pathways in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Line. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2021; 10:11-22. [PMID: 34268250 PMCID: PMC8256834 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.10.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Docetaxel is widely used in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. However, its effectiveness is limited due to chemoresistance and its undesirable side effects. The combination of chemotherapeutic agents and natural compounds is an effective strategy to overcome drug resistance and the ensuing inevitable toxicities. Quercetin is a natural flavonoid with strong antioxidant and anticancer activities. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and modulatory effects of combined docetaxel and quercetin on the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. The cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. The induction of apoptosis was examined using flow cytometry. The role of p53 in the apoptotic process was evaluated via qRT-PCR. The levels of BAX, BCL2, ERK1/2, AKT, and STAT3 proteins were measured by Western blot analysis. The results showed that the single-agent treatment with docetaxel or quercetin leads to a decrease in the viability of the MDA-MB-231 cells at 48 h. Furthermore, the combination of docetaxel (7 nM) and quercetin (95 μM) displayed the greatest synergistic effects with a combination index value of 0.76 accompanied by the up regulation of p53 and a significant increase in BAX level, as well as decrease in the levels of BCL2, pERK1/2, AKT, and STAT3 proteins (P < 0.05). The concomitant use of docetaxel and quercetin leads to the cell growth inhibition associated with the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell survival. Therefore, this study provides a promising therapeutic approach to enhance the efficacy of docetaxel in a less-toxic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Safi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Esfandiar Heidarian
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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23
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Wang Y, Chen F, Wang P, Mana L, Sheng N, Huang S. Study on myelin injury of AD mice treated with Shenzhiling oral liquid in the PI3K/Akt-mTOR pathway. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 34:2058738420923907. [PMID: 32462951 PMCID: PMC7262987 DOI: 10.1177/2058738420923907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Shenzhiling oral liquid (SZL) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) compound to
be approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) (Z20120010) for the
treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, its mechanism
in early AD is not clear. We studied its mechanism in protecting myelin.
Three-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9double transgenic mice were used as AD model and
wild-type C57BL/6 mice were used as control. After 3-month intervention, the
Morris water maze was used to detect behavioural changes. Myelin mTOR pathway
(PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, mTOR, p-mTOR), myelin basic protein (MBP) and
postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) were detected by immunohistochemistry
and western blot and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
After 3 months of SZL treatment, compared with the model group (M), SZL
medium-dose (SM) and SZL low-dose groups (SL) exhibited increased staying and
crossing results in Morris water maze (P < 0.05). Compared
with M, PI3K-positive cells in SM and SL groups were increased
(P < 0.01), p-PI3K expression increased in the Donepezil
group (D), SZL high-dose group (SH) and SM (P < 0.05);
number of Akt-positive cells and Akt expression in D, SM and SL were increased
(P < 0.01, P < 0.05); number of
p-Akt- and mTOR-positive cells and mTOR expression in all drug-treated groups
were significantly increased (P < 0.01); p-Akt and p-mTOR
expression increased in all drug-treated groups (P < 0.05,
P < 0.01); MBP expression in D and SH increased
(P < 0.05), while in SM and SL it increased more
significantly (P < 0.01); and PSD95 expression in D, SM and
SL was increased (P < 0.05). RT-PCR results showed that
compared with M, PI3K mRNA and Akt mRNA expression in all drug-treated groups
increased, but there was no statistical difference
(P > 0.05), mTOR mRNA expression in all the drug-treated
groups increased significantly (P < 0.01) and MBP mRNA and
PSD95 mRNA expression in D and SH increased (P < 0.05). SZL
oral liquid could play a role in myelin protection in early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Dongzhimen Hospital (BUCM), State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Dongzhimen Hospital (BUCM), State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Rehabilitation Department, The Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Pengwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Dongzhimen Hospital (BUCM), State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Mana
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Dongzhimen Hospital (BUCM), State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,College of Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Ning Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Dongzhimen Hospital (BUCM), State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Oncology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM) Affiliated Zaozhuang Hospital, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Shuaiyang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Dongzhimen Hospital (BUCM), State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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24
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins are epigenetic readers that bind to acetylated lysines of histones and regulate gene transcription. BET protein family members mediate the expression of various oncogenic drivers in ovarian cancer, such as the MYC and Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) genes. BRD4, the most thoroughly studied member of the BET family, is amplified in a significant subset of high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) of the ovary. It has been reported that BET inhibitors can attenuate the proliferation and dissemination of ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting oncogenic pathways, such as the FOXM1 and JAK/STAT pathways. BET inhibition can re-sensitize resistant ovarian cancer cells to already approved anticancer agents, including cisplatin and PARP inhibitors. This synergism was also confirmed in vivo in animal models. These and other preclinical results provide a promising basis for the application of BET inhibitors in ovarian cancer treatment. Currently, Phase I/II clinical trials explore the safety and efficacy profiles of BET inhibitors in various solid tumors, including ovarian tumors. Here, we review current knowledge on the molecular effects and preclinical activities of BET inhibitors in ovarian tumors. CONCLUSIONS BET proteins have emerged as new druggable targets for ovarian cancer. BET inhibitors may enhance antitumor activity when co-administered with conventional treatment regimens. Results from ongoing Phase I/II studies are anticipated to confirm this notion.
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25
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Kopa P, Macieja A, Pastwa E, Majsterek I, Poplawski T. DNA double-strand breaks repair inhibitors potentiates the combined effect of VP-16 and CDDP in human colorectal adenocarcinoma (LoVo) cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:709-720. [PMID: 33389482 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
I. BACKGROUND A combination of etoposide (VP-16) and cisplatin (CDDP) is the standard treatment for certain colon cancers. These drugs promote the death of cancer cells via direct and indirect induction of the most lethal DNA lesions - DNA double-stand breaks. However, cancer cells can reverse the DNA damaging effect of anticancer drugs by triggering DNA repair processes. In eukaryotic cells, the main DNA repair pathway responsible for DNA double-stand breaks repair is non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). Inhibitors of DNA repair are of special interest in cancer research as they could break the cellular resistance to DNA-damaging agents and increase the efficiency of standard cancer treatments. In this study, we investigated the effect of two NHEJ inhibitors, SCR7 and NU7441, on the cytotoxic mechanism of VP-16/CDDP in a LoVo human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line. SCR7 blocks Ligase IV-mediated joining by interfering with its DNA binding, whereas NU7441 is a highly potent and selective DNA-PK inhibitor.II. METHODS AND RESULTS Both inhibitors synergistically increased the cytotoxicity of CDDP and VP-16 when combined, but the effect of SCR7 was more pronounced. SCR7 and NU7441 also significantly increased VP-16; CDDP induced DNA double-stand breaks level and delayed drug-induced DSB repair, as seen on the comet assay and measured using H2AX foci. We also observed changes in cell cycle distribution and enhanced apoptosis ratio in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells treated with DNA repair inhibitors and VP-16/CDDP.III. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the hypothesis that NHEJ inhibitors could be used in conjunction with standard therapy to provide effective clinical improvement and allow reduction in drug doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kopa
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunopathology, Division of Biomedical Science, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Macieja
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Pastwa
- Functional Genomics & Proteomics Unit, ITSI-Biosciences, Johnstown, PA, USA
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Poplawski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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26
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A highly annotated database of genes associated with platinum resistance in cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:6395-6405. [PMID: 34645978 PMCID: PMC8602037 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy, including cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, is prescribed to 10-20% of all cancer patients. Unfortunately, platinum resistance develops in a significant number of patients and is a determinant of clinical outcome. Extensive research has been conducted to understand and overcome platinum resistance, and mechanisms of resistance can be categorized into several broad biological processes, including (1) regulation of drug entry, exit, accumulation, sequestration, and detoxification, (2) enhanced repair and tolerance of platinum-induced DNA damage, (3) alterations in cell survival pathways, (4) alterations in pleiotropic processes and pathways, and (5) changes in the tumor microenvironment. As a resource to the cancer research community, we provide a comprehensive overview accompanied by a manually curated database of the >900 genes/proteins that have been associated with platinum resistance over the last 30 years of literature. The database is annotated with possible pathways through which the curated genes are related to platinum resistance, types of evidence, and hyperlinks to literature sources. The searchable, downloadable database is available online at http://ptrc-ddr.cptac-data-view.org .
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27
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Yuan J, Lan H, Jiang X, Zeng D, Xiao S. Bcl‑2 family: Novel insight into individualized therapy for ovarian cancer (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1255-1265. [PMID: 32945348 PMCID: PMC7447322 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance to platinum‑based chemotherapy for ovarian cancer in the advanced stage remains a formidable concern clinically. Increasing evidence has revealed that apoptosis represents the terminal events of the anti‑tumor mechanisms of a number of chemical drugs and has a close association with chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. The B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2) family plays a crucial role in apoptosis and has a close association with chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Some drugs that target Bcl‑2 family members have shown efficacy in overcoming the chemoresistance of ovarian cancer. A BH3 profiling assay was found to be able to predict how primed a cell is when treated with antitumor drugs. The present review summarizes the role of the Bcl‑2 family in mediating cell death in response to antitumor drugs and novel drugs that target Bcl‑2 family members. The application of the new functional assay, BH3 profiling, is also discussed herein. Furthermore, the present review presents the hypothesis that targeting Bcl‑2 family members may prove to be helpful for the individualized therapy of ovarian cancer in clinical practice and in laboratory research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hua Lan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Da Zeng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Songshu Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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28
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Bortot B, Mongiat M, Valencic E, Dal Monego S, Licastro D, Crosera M, Adami G, Rampazzo E, Ricci G, Romano F, Severini GM, Biffi S. Nanotechnology-Based Cisplatin Intracellular Delivery to Enhance Chemo-Sensitivity of Ovarian Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4793-4810. [PMID: 32764921 PMCID: PMC7368240 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s247114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platinum resistance is a major challenge in the management of ovarian cancer. Even low levels of acquired resistance at the cellular level lead to impaired response to cisplatin. In ovarian cancer intraperitoneal therapy, nanoparticle formulation can improve the cisplatin’s pharmacokinetics and safety profile. Purpose This work aimed to investigate the chemo-sensitivity of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells upon short-term (72h) single treatment of cisplatin and cisplatin-loaded biodegradable nanoparticles (Cis-NP). The aim was then to determine the therapeutic properties of Cis-NP in vivo using a SKOV3-luc cells’ xenograft model in mice. Methods Cell cytotoxicity was assessed after the exposure of the cell culture to cisplatin or Cis-NP. The effect of treatments on EMT and CSC-like phenotype was studied by analyzing a panel of markers by flow cytometry. Intracellular platinum concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICS-MS), and gene expression was evaluated by RNAseq analysis. The efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy was evaluated in a SKOV3-luc cells’ xenograft model in mice, through a combination of bioluminescence imaging, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses. Results We observed in vitro that short-term treatment of cisplatin has a critical role in determining the potential induction of chemoresistance, and a nanotechnology-based drug delivery system can modulate it. The RNAseq analysis underlines a protective effect of nanoparticle system according to their ability to down-regulate several genes involved in chemoresistance, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. The highest intracellular platinum concentration obtained with Cis-NP treatment significantly improved the efficacy. Consistent with in vitro results, we found that Cis-NP treatment in vivo can significantly reduce tumor burden and aggressiveness compared to the free drug. Conclusion Nanoparticle-mediated cisplatin delivery may serve as an intracellular depot impacting the cisplatin pharmacodynamic performance at cellular levels. These features may contribute to improving the drawbacks of conventional intraperitoneal therapy, and therefore will require further investigations in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bortot
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mongiat
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico Di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Erica Valencic
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simeone Dal Monego
- ARGO Open Lab Platform for Genome Sequencing, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy
| | - Danilo Licastro
- ARGO Open Lab Platform for Genome Sequencing, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Crosera
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Adami
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Enrico Rampazzo
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Federico Romano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maria Severini
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefania Biffi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
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29
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Qi Y, Ding Z, Yao Y, Ren F, Yin M, Yang S, Chen A. Apigenin induces apoptosis and counteracts cisplatin-induced chemoresistance via Mcl-1 in ovarian cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:1329-1336. [PMID: 32742367 PMCID: PMC7388300 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the prominent causes of mortality in female patients diagnosed with gynecologic malignancies. While it has previously been demonstrated that apigenin inhibits cell growth in colon and breast cancer cells, the effect of apigenin in OC cells is not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of apigenin on cell death and resistance to cisplatin in OC cells. It was found that apigenin inhibited proliferation, hindered cell cycle progression and promoted SKOV3 cell apoptosis. Moreover, these effects were also observed in cisplatin-resistant SKOV3/DDP cells. Furthermore, apigenin reduced the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and elevated the ratios of cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 in the two cell types. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting results demonstrated that apigenin significantly downregulated Mcl-1 at the transcriptional and translational levels in SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP cells, which was responsible for its cytotoxic functions and chemosensitizing effects. Collectively, the present results identified the impact of apigenin on OC cell death and resistance to cisplatin, and the potential molecular mechanisms. However, additional studies are required to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Qi
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoxia Ding
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Yushuang Yao
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Min Yin
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Songbin Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Aiping Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
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Liu Z, Zhang G, Huang S, Cheng J, Deng T, Lu X, Adeshakin FO, Chen Q, Wan X. Induction of apoptosis in hematological cancer cells by dorsomorphin correlates with BAD upregulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 522:704-708. [PMID: 31787232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AMPK is generally a tumor suppressor. However, once cancer arises, AMPK becomes a tumor promoter instead, driving cancer development. For such AMPK-driven cancers, AMPK blockade may be a valuable therapeutic strategy. Here we show that AMPK is upregulated in a variety of hematological cancers and plays key roles in maintaining viability of tumor cells. Blockade of AMPK signaling by dorsomorphin markedly induces apoptosis in Jurkat, K562 cell lines as well as primary cancerous B cells. Mechanistically, dorsomorphin significantly upregulates the expression of BAD, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 gene family involved in initiating apoptosis. Reduction of BAD expression by RNA interference prevents apoptosis in response to AMPK inhibition. Thus, our data found BAD integrates the pro-apoptotic effects of dorsomorphin and provided novel insights into the mechanisms by which AMPK facilitates survival signaling in hematologic tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Guizhong Zhang
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Shiran Huang
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Tian Deng
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Xiaoxu Lu
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Funmilayo Oladunni Adeshakin
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Qian Chen
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Shenzhen BinDeBioTech Co., Ltd, Floor 5, Building 6, Tongfuyu Industrial City, Xili, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
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Li Y, Song J, Xie Z, Liu M, Sun K. Long noncoding RNA colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed alleviates sepsis-induced liver injury via regulating miR-126-5p. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:440-451. [PMID: 32031750 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we intended to determine the detailed function and mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) in liver injury induced by sepsis. Cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) models were adopted to induce sepsis in vivo with rats, and hepatic epithelial cells L02 were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic sepsis in vitro. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was conducted to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the serum of rats. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the expressions of CRNDE and microRNA-126-5p (miR-126-5p). Flow cytometry analysis and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method were carried out followed by the up- or downregulation of CRNDE and miR-126-5p to monitor the proliferation and apoptosis of L02 cells, respectively. Western blot was then applied to determine the expressions of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (caspase 3), poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP), cytochrome c, and BCL2-like 2 (BCL2L2). The interactions between CRNDE with miR-126-5p and miR-126-5p with BCL2L2 were determined through bioinformatics, qRT-PCR, dual luciferase reporter assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. CRNDE was significantly decreased in liver tissues and hepatic cells in sepsis models. Upregulation of CRNDE promoted the viability of L02 cells and inhibited their apoptosis, while downregulation of CRNDE had opposite effects. The expression of CRNDE in liver tissues of septic rats was correlated with the expression miR-126-5p. It was also demonstrated that the transfection of miR-126-5p mimics reversed the inhibitory effect induced by CRNDE on apoptosis of L02 cells. CRNDE could specifically bind to miR-126-5p and reduce its expression, in turn promote the expression of BCL2L2. Additionally, CRNDE overexpression in rats ameliorated liver injury induced by sepsis. Downregulated CRNDE aggravates hepatic injury via regulating miR-126-5p and BCL2L2 during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Emergency, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Zichen Xie
- Department of Emergency, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Emergency, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyu Sun
- Department of Emergency, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhu F, Jiang D, Zhang M, Zhao B. 2,4-Dihydroxy-3'-methoxy-4'-ethoxychalcone suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma via the PI3K/akt/mTOR signaling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:641-648. [PMID: 31564190 PMCID: PMC6781472 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1662814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Context: Caragana pruinosa Kom. (Fabaceae), a commonly used folk medicine, has been found to possess antitumor effects. However, the antiproliferative effect of 2,4-dihydroxy-3'-methoxy-4'-ethoxychalcone (DMEC) derived from C. pruinosa against multiple myeloma (MM) has never been investigated. Objective: This study systematically evaluates the antiproliferative effect of DMEC against MM cells. Materials and methods: The antiproliferative effect of DMEC (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 μM) on MM cells lines, including RPMI8226, MM.1S, and U266, was examined using Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay after 24 h incubation. The proapoptotic effect of DMEC (20 μM) was determined using fluorescent microscope and flow cytometer, and its possible underlying mechanisms were further studied by using western blotting analysis. Results: The half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of DMEC on RPMI8226, MM.1S, and U266 cells were calculated as 25.97, 18.36, and 15.02 μM, respectively. The inhibitory effect of DMEC on MM cells was related to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis via upregulation of the cleaved-caspase-3 (C-3), cleaved-caspase-9 (C-9), Bad, and cytochrome C (Cyto C), but downregulation of the Bcl-2 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). Furthermore, DMEC (5, 10, and 20 μM) reduced the expression of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated (p)-protein kinase B (Akt), and p-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), which were further evidenced by pretreatment with IGF-1, a PI3K activator. Conclusion: Collectively, our results indicate that the DMEC could be treated as a new candidate for treatment of multiple myeloma in the future. Also, an in vivo study is warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- FengChen Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Yongchuan Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - DianMing Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - MingHua Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Yongchuan Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Yongchuan Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Binju M, Amaya-Padilla MA, Wan G, Gunosewoyo H, Suryo Rahmanto Y, Yu Y. Therapeutic Inducers of Apoptosis in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1786. [PMID: 31766284 PMCID: PMC6896143 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers remain one of the most common causes of gynecologic cancer-related death in women worldwide. The standard treatment comprises platinum-based chemotherapy, and most tumors develop resistance to therapeutic drugs. One mechanism of developing drug resistance is alterations of molecules involved in apoptosis, ultimately assisting in the cells' capability to evade death. Thus, there is a need to focus on identifying potential drugs that restore apoptosis in cancer cells. Here, we discuss the major inducers of apoptosis mediated through various mechanisms and their usefulness as potential future treatment options for ovarian cancer. Broadly, they can target the apoptotic pathways directly or affect apoptosis indirectly through major cancer-pathways in cells. The direct apoptotic targets include the Bcl-2 family of proteins and the inhibitor of apoptotic proteins (IAPs). However, indirect targets include processes related to homologous recombination DNA repair, micro-RNA, and p53 mutation. Besides, apoptosis inducers may also disturb major pathways converging into apoptotic signals including janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/β-Catenin, mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET)/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/v-AKT murine thymoma viral oncogene homologue (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Several drugs in our review are undergoing clinical trials, for example, birinapant, DEBIO-1143, Alisertib, and other small molecules are in preclinical investigations showing promising results in combination with chemotherapy. Molecules that exhibit better efficacy in the treatment of chemo-resistant cancer cells are of interest but require more extensive preclinical and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudra Binju
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Curtin Health Innovative Research Institute, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Monica Angelica Amaya-Padilla
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Curtin Health Innovative Research Institute, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Graeme Wan
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Curtin Health Innovative Research Institute, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Hendra Gunosewoyo
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Curtin Health Innovative Research Institute, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Yohan Suryo Rahmanto
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yu Yu
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Curtin Health Innovative Research Institute, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- University of Western Australia Medical School, Division of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Inhibition of bromodomain and extraterminal domain reduces growth and invasive characteristics of chemoresistant ovarian carcinoma cells. Anticancer Drugs 2019; 29:1011-1020. [PMID: 30096128 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide. Development of chemoresistance and peritoneal dissemination are the major reasons for low survival rate in the patients. The bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins are known as epigenetic 'readers,' and their inhibitors are novel epigenetic strategies for cancer treatment. Accumulating body of evidence indicates that epigenetic modifications have critical roles in development of EOC, and overexpression of the BET family is a key step in the induction of important oncogenes. Here, we examined the mechanistic activity of I-BET151, a pan-inhibitor of the BET family, in therapy-resistant EOC cells. Our findings showed that I-BET151 diminished cell growth, clonogenic potential, and induced apoptosis. I-BET151 inhibited cell proliferation through down-modulation of FOXM1 and its targets aurora kinase B and cyclin B1. I-BET151 attenuated migration and invasion of the EOC cells by down-regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers fibronectin, ZEB2, and N-cadherin. I-BET151 synergistically enhanced cisplatin chemosensitivity by down-regulation of survivin and Bcl-2. Our data provide insights into the mechanistic activity of I-BET151 and suggest that BET inhibition has potential as a therapeutic strategy in therapy-resistant EOC. Further in vivo investigations on the therapeutic potential of I-BET151 in EOC are warranted.
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Pathania AS, Ren X, Mahdi MY, Shackleford GM, Erdreich-Epstein A. GRK2 promotes growth of medulloblastoma cells and protects them from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13902. [PMID: 31554835 PMCID: PMC6761358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2; ADRBK1, BARK1) is most known as a regulator of G-protein coupled receptors. However, GRK2 also has other functions. Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain cancers in children. GRK2 has not been implicated in medulloblastoma biology. Here we report that GRK2 knockdown slowed cell growth, diminished proliferation, and enhanced cisplatin- and etoposide-induced apoptosis in medulloblastoma cell lines UW228-2 and Daoy. Reciprocally, GRK2 overexpression attenuated apoptosis induced by these chemotherapy drugs. Cisplatin and etoposide increased phosphorylation of AKT (S473) and GRK2 knockdown mitigated this increase. Cisplatin and etoposide attenuated ERK phosphorylation, but GRK2 knockdown did not alter this effect. Wildtype GRK2 reversed the increase in cisplatin- and etoposide-induced apoptosis caused by GRK2 knockdown. GRK2-K220R (kinase dead) and GRK2-S670A (unphosphorylated, constitutively active) conferred protection from cisplatin that was similar to wildtype GRK2, suggesting that this protection may be mediated though a kinase-independent activity of GRK2. These data demonstrate that GRK2 contributes to proliferation and survival of these medulloblastoma cell lines and to their protection from cisplatin- and etoposide-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup S Pathania
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xiuhai Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Min Y Mahdi
- Department of Radiology, The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gregory M Shackleford
- Department of Radiology, The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anat Erdreich-Epstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa), while accounting for only 3% of all women’s cancer, is the fifth leading cause of cancer death among women. One of the most significant obstacles to successful OvCa treatment is chemoresistance. The current lack of understanding of the driving mechanisms underlying chemoresistance hinders the development of effective therapeutics against this obstacle. Adipocytes are key components of the OvCa microenvironment and have been shown to be involved in OvCa cell proliferation, however, little is known about their impact on OvCa chemoresistance. In the current study, we found that adipocytes, of both subcutaneous and visceral origin, secrete factors that enhance the resistance of OvCa cells against chemotherapeutic drugs by activating the Akt pathway. Importantly, we have demonstrated that secreted lipids mediate adipocyte-induced chemoresistance. Through a comprehensive lipidomic analysis, we have identified this chemo-protective lipid mediator as arachidonic acid (AA). AA acts on OvCa cells directly, not through its downstream derivatives such as prostaglandins, to activate Akt and inhibit cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our study has identified adipocytes and their secreted AA as important mediators of OvCa chemoresistance. Strategies that block the production of AA from adipocytes or block its anti-apoptotic function may potentially inhibit chemoresistance in OvCa patients.
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Zhu H, Wu C, Wu T, Xia W, Ci S, He W, Zhang Y, Li L, Zhou S, Zhang J, Edick AM, Zhang A, Pan FY, Hu Z, He L, Guo Z. Inhibition of AKT Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Antineoplastic Drugs by Downregulating Flap Endonuclease 1. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:2407-2420. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gupta A, Puri S, Puri V. Bioinformatics Unmasks the Maneuverers of Pain Pathways in Acute Kidney Injury. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11872. [PMID: 31417109 PMCID: PMC6695489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Kidney injury (AKI) is one of the leading health concerns resulting in accumulation of nitrogenous as well as non-nitrogenous wastes in body and characterised by a rapid deterioration in kidney functions. Besides the major toll from the primary insult in the kidney, consequential extra-renal secondary insults endowed with the pathways of inflammatory milieu often complicates the disease outcome. Some of the known symptoms of AKI leading to clinical reporting are fatigue, loss of appetite, headache, nausea, vomiting, and pain in the flanks, wherein proinflammatory cytokines have been strongly implicated in pathogenesis of AKI and neuro-inflammation. Taking in account these clues, we have tried to decode the neuro-inflammation and pain perception phenomenon during the progression of AKI using the pathway integration and biological network strategies. The pathways and networks were generated using bioinformatics software viz. PANTHER, Genomatix and PathVisio to establish the relationship between immune and neuro related pathway in AKI. These observations envisage a neurol-renal axis that is predicted to involve calcium channels in neuro-inflammatory pathway of AKI. These observations, thus, pave a way for a new paradigm in understanding the interplay of neuro-immunological signalling in AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aprajita Gupta
- Centre for Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjeev Puri
- Biotechnology Branch UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Veena Puri
- Centre for Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Multicenter retrospective study to evaluate the impact of trabectedin plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin on the subsequent treatment in women with recurrent, platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2019; 30:628-635. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Trifluoperazine, an Antipsychotic Drug, Effectively Reduces Drug Resistance in Cisplatin-Resistant Urothelial Carcinoma Cells via Suppressing Bcl-xL: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133218. [PMID: 31262032 PMCID: PMC6651283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the primary treatment for metastatic bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC). Most patients inevitably encounter drug resistance and resultant disease relapse. Reduced apoptosis plays a critical role in chemoresistance. Trifluoperazine (TFP), an antipsychotic agent, has demonstrated antitumor effects on various cancers. This study investigated the efficacy of TFP in inhibiting cisplatin-resistant bladder UC and explored the underlying mechanism. Our results revealed that cisplatin-resistant UC cells (T24/R) upregulated the antiapoptotic factor, B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL). Knockdown of Bcl-xL by siRNA resensitized cisplatin-resistant cells to the cisplatin cytotoxic effect. TFP (10–45 μM) alone elicited dose-dependent cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and G0/G1 arrest on T24/R cells. Co-treatment of TFP potentiated cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in T24/R cells. The phenomenon that TFP alleviated cisplatin resistance to T24/R was accompanied with concurrent suppression of Bcl-xL. In vivo models confirmed that TFP alone effectively suppressed the T24/R xenograft in nude mice. TFP co-treatment enhanced the antitumor effect of cisplatin on the T24/R xenograft. Our results demonstrated that TFP effectively inhibited cisplatin-resistant UCs and circumvented cisplatin resistance with concurrent Bcl-xL downregulation. These findings provide a promising insight to develop a therapeutic strategy for chemoresistant UCs.
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de Almeida Chuffa LG, Seiva FRF, Cucielo MS, Silveira HS, Reiter RJ, Lupi LA. Mitochondrial functions and melatonin: a tour of the reproductive cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:837-863. [PMID: 30430198 PMCID: PMC11105419 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2963-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancers of the reproductive organs have a strong association with mitochondrial defects, and a deeper understanding of the role of this organelle in preneoplastic-neoplastic changes is important to determine the appropriate therapeutic intervention. Mitochondria are involved in events during cancer development, including metabolic and oxidative status, acquisition of metastatic potential, resistance to chemotherapy, apoptosis, and others. Because of their origin from melatonin-producing bacteria, mitochondria are speculated to produce melatonin and its derivatives at high levels; in addition, exogenously administered melatonin accumulates in the mitochondria against a concentration gradient. Melatonin is transported into tumor cell by GLUT/SLC2A and/or by the PEPT1/2 transporters, and plays beneficial roles in mitochondrial homeostasis, such as influencing oxidative phosphorylation and electron flux, ATP synthesis, bioenergetics, calcium influx, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Moreover, melatonin promotes mitochondrial homeostasis by regulating nuclear DNA and mtDNA transcriptional activities. This review focuses on the main functions of melatonin on mitochondrial processes, and reviews from a mechanistic standpoint, how mitochondrial crosstalk evolved in ovarian, endometrial, cervical, breast, and prostate cancers relative to melatonin's known actions. We put emphasis on signaling pathways whereby melatonin interferes within cancer-cell mitochondria after its administration. Depending on subtype and intratumor metabolic heterogeneity, melatonin seems to be helpful in promoting apoptosis, anti-proliferation, pro-oxidation, metabolic shifting, inhibiting neovasculogenesis and controlling inflammation, and restoration of chemosensitivity. This results in attenuation of development, progression, and metastatic potential of reproductive cancers, in addition to lowering the risk of recurrence and improving the life quality of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP, São Paulo State University, P.O Box: 18618-689, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Maira Smaniotto Cucielo
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP, São Paulo State University, P.O Box: 18618-689, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Spaulonci Silveira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP, São Paulo State University, P.O Box: 18618-689, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UTHealth, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Luiz Antonio Lupi
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP, São Paulo State University, P.O Box: 18618-689, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Platinum Resistance in Ovarian Cancer: Role of DNA Repair. Cancers (Basel) 2019. [PMID: 30669514 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010119]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer. It is initially responsive to cisplatin and carboplatin, two DNA damaging agents used in first line therapy. However, almost invariably, patients relapse with a tumor resistant to subsequent treatment with platinum containing drugs. Several mechanisms associated with the development of acquired drug resistance have been reported. Here we focused our attention on DNA repair mechanisms, which are fundamental for recognition and removal of platinum adducts and hence for the ability of these drugs to exert their activity. We analyzed the major DNA repair pathways potentially involved in drug resistance, detailing gene mutation, duplication or deletion as well as polymorphisms as potential biomarkers for drug resistance development. We dissected potential ways to overcome DNA repair-associated drug resistance thanks to the development of new combinations and/or drugs directly targeting DNA repair proteins or taking advantage of the vulnerability arising from DNA repair defects in EOCs.
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Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer. It is initially responsive to cisplatin and carboplatin, two DNA damaging agents used in first line therapy. However, almost invariably, patients relapse with a tumor resistant to subsequent treatment with platinum containing drugs. Several mechanisms associated with the development of acquired drug resistance have been reported. Here we focused our attention on DNA repair mechanisms, which are fundamental for recognition and removal of platinum adducts and hence for the ability of these drugs to exert their activity. We analyzed the major DNA repair pathways potentially involved in drug resistance, detailing gene mutation, duplication or deletion as well as polymorphisms as potential biomarkers for drug resistance development. We dissected potential ways to overcome DNA repair-associated drug resistance thanks to the development of new combinations and/or drugs directly targeting DNA repair proteins or taking advantage of the vulnerability arising from DNA repair defects in EOCs.
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Platinum Resistance in Ovarian Cancer: Role of DNA Repair. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010119. [PMID: 30669514 PMCID: PMC6357127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer. It is initially responsive to cisplatin and carboplatin, two DNA damaging agents used in first line therapy. However, almost invariably, patients relapse with a tumor resistant to subsequent treatment with platinum containing drugs. Several mechanisms associated with the development of acquired drug resistance have been reported. Here we focused our attention on DNA repair mechanisms, which are fundamental for recognition and removal of platinum adducts and hence for the ability of these drugs to exert their activity. We analyzed the major DNA repair pathways potentially involved in drug resistance, detailing gene mutation, duplication or deletion as well as polymorphisms as potential biomarkers for drug resistance development. We dissected potential ways to overcome DNA repair-associated drug resistance thanks to the development of new combinations and/or drugs directly targeting DNA repair proteins or taking advantage of the vulnerability arising from DNA repair defects in EOCs.
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Ma J, Niu W, Wang X, Zhou Y, Wang H, Liu F, Liu Y, Guo J, Xiong W, Zeng Z, Fan S, Li X, Nie X, Li G, Gui R, Luo Y, Zhou M. Bromodomain‑containing protein 7 sensitizes breast cancer cells to paclitaxel by activating Bcl2‑antagonist/killer protein. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:1487-1496. [PMID: 30592293 PMCID: PMC6365691 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that bromodomain‑containing protein 7 (BRD7) inhibits cell proliferation and tumor growth, restoring the expression of B‑cell lymphoma 2 antagonist/killer (Bak) sensitized breast cancer cells to paclitaxel. However, the association between BRD7 and paclitaxel sensitization, as well as BRD7 and Bak in breast cancer remains unknown. In the present study, immunochemical staining was performed to measure the expression of BRD7 and Bak in breast cancer tissues. Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay, flow cytometry and tumor xenograft procedures were performed to evaluate the biological role of BRD7 and Bak in breast cancer cells. Western blotting, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays were also performed. BRD7 was positively correlated with Bak levels in breast cancer tissues, and the survival rate of patients with low Bak and BRD7 expression was significantly lower than that of patients with high Bak and BRD7 expression. In addition, BRD7 activated Bak promoter activity and induced Bak expression in an indirect manner. Furthermore, ectopic expression of BRD7 inhibited cell proliferation, tumor growth and sensitized cancer cells to paclitaxel, while knockdown of Bak abolished BRD7‑mediated inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and paclitaxel sensitization in breast cancer cells whether in vitro and in vivo. The results demonstrated that BRD7 inhibits cell proliferation and sensitizes breast cancer cells to paclitaxel by activating Bak; they also provide promising targets for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqi Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Weihong Niu
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Xinye Wang
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Heran Wang
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Fengxia Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiang‑Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yukun Liu
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Jie Guo
- National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiang‑Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Xinmin Nie
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiang‑Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Rong Gui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiang‑Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yanwei Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
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Alharbi M, Zuñiga F, Elfeky O, Guanzon D, Lai A, Rice GE, Perrin L, Hooper J, Salomon C. The potential role of miRNAs and exosomes in chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:R663-R685. [PMID: 30400025 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is one of the major obstacles in the treatment of cancer patients. It poses a fundamental challenge to the effectiveness of chemotherapy and is often linked to relapse in patients. Chemoresistant cells can be identified in different types of cancers; however, ovarian cancer has one of the highest rates of chemoresistance-related relapse (50% of patients within 5 years). Resistance in cells can either develop through prolonged cycles of treatment or through intrinsic pathways. Mechanistically, the problem of drug resistance is complex mainly because numerous factors are involved, such as overexpression of drug efflux pumps, drug inactivation, DNA repair mechanisms and alterations to and/or mutations in the drug target. Additionally, there is strong evidence that circulating miRNAs participate in the development of chemoresistance. Recently, miRNAs have been identified in exosomes, where they are encapsulated and hence protected from degradation. These miRNAs within exosomes (exo-miRNAs) can regulate the gene expression of target cells both locally and systemically. Exo-miRNAs play an important role in disease progression and can potentially facilitate chemoresistance in cancer cells. In addition, and from a diagnostic perspective, exo-miRNAs profiles may contribute to the development of predictive models to identify responder and non-responder chemotherapy. Such model may also be used for monitoring treatment response and disease progression. Exo-miRNAs may ultimately serve as both a predictive biomarker for cancer response to therapy and as a prognostic marker for the development of chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, this review examines the potential role of exo-miRNAs in chemotherapy in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Alharbi
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland, Australia
| | - Felipe Zuñiga
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Omar Elfeky
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland, Australia
| | - Dominic Guanzon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Lai
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregory E Rice
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland, Australia
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Lewis Perrin
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Ovarian Cancer Research Collaborative, Mater Adult Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John Hooper
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Ovarian Cancer Research Collaborative, Mater Adult Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland, Australia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Gay CM, Tong P, Cardnell RJ, Sen T, Su X, Ma J, Bara RO, Johnson FM, Wakefield C, Heymach JV, Wang J, Byers LA. Differential Sensitivity Analysis for Resistant Malignancies (DISARM) Identifies Common Candidate Therapies across Platinum-Resistant Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:346-357. [PMID: 30257981 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite a growing arsenal of approved drugs, therapeutic resistance remains a formidable and, often, insurmountable challenge in cancer treatment. The mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance remain largely unresolved and, thus, examples of effective combinatorial or sequential strategies to combat resistance are rare. Here, we present Differential Sensitivity Analysis for Resistant Malignancies (DISARM), a novel, integrated drug screen analysis tool designed to address this dilemma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN DISARM, a software package and web-based application, analyzes drug response data to prioritize candidate therapies for models with resistance to a reference drug and to assess whether response to a reference drug can be utilized to predict future response to other agents. Using cisplatin as our reference drug, we applied DISARM to models from nine cancers commonly treated with first-line platinum chemotherapy including recalcitrant malignancies such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). RESULTS In cisplatin-resistant models, DISARM identified novel candidates including multiple inhibitors of PI3K, MEK, and BCL-2, among other classes, across unrelated malignancies. Additionally, DISARM facilitated the selection of predictive biomarkers of response and identification of unique molecular subtypes, such as contrasting ASCL1-low/cMYC-high SCLC targetable by AURKA inhibitors and ASCL1-high/cMYC-low SCLC targetable by BCL-2 inhibitors. Utilizing these predictions, we assessed several of DISARM's top candidates, including inhibitors of AURKA, BCL-2, and HSP90, to confirm their activity in cisplatin-resistant SCLC models. CONCLUSIONS DISARM represents the first validated tool to analyze large-scale in vitro drug response data to statistically optimize candidate drug and biomarker selection aimed at overcoming candidate drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl M Gay
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pan Tong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert J Cardnell
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Triparna Sen
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rasha O Bara
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Faye M Johnson
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Chris Wakefield
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
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Jafari M, Ghadami E, Dadkhah T, Akhavan-Niaki H. PI3k/AKT signaling pathway: Erythropoiesis and beyond. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2373-2385. [PMID: 30192008 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is a multi-step process that involves the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into mature red blood cells (RBCs). This process is regulated by several signaling pathways, transcription factors and microRNAs (miRNAs). Many studies have shown that dysregulation of this process can lead to hematologic disorders. PI3K/AKT is one of the most important pathways that control many cellular processes including, cell division, autophagy, survival, and differentiation. In this review, we focus on the role of PI3K/AKT pathway in erythropoiesis and discuss the function of some of the most important genes, transcription factors, and miRNAs that regulate different stages of erythropoiesis which play roles in differentiation and maturation of RBCs, prevention of apoptosis, and autophagy induction. Understanding the role of the PI3K pathway in erythropoiesis may provide new insights into diagnosing erythrocyte disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahjoobeh Jafari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Elham Ghadami
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Tahereh Dadkhah
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Chi J, Yu S, Liu C, Zhao X, Zhong J, Liang Y, Ta N, Yin X, Zhao D. Nox4-dependent ROS production is involved in CVB 3-induced myocardial apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1641-1644. [PMID: 30055798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Viral myocarditis is a cardiovascular disease that seriously affects human health. Its mechanism is not clear. Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a member of the picornavirus family and is the leading cause of viral myocarditis. Our group tested the genes in a mouse model of CVB3 virus infection and confirmed that the NADPH oxidase gene had a high expression trend in the acute phase of infection. Whether Nox4, the homologue of NADPH oxidase, participates in the process of viral myocarditis has not been reported. In this study, we found increased expression of Nox4 in viral myocarditis in vivo and in vitro. DPI is a non-specific inhibitor of Nox4 that improved CVB3-induced myocarditis after injection in vivo. DPI also inhibited intracellular ROS release and apoptosis in vitro. Our data indicated that Nox4-dependent ROS production was involved in CVB3-induced myocardial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Chi
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 199 Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shouxian Yu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 199 Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Chunnan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 199 Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 199 Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jiaoyue Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 199 Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuting Liang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 199 Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Na Ta
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 199 Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xinhua Yin
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 199 Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Dechao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 199 Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Liu R, Guo H, Lu S. MiR-335-5p restores cisplatin sensitivity in ovarian cancer cells through targeting BCL2L2. Cancer Med 2018; 7:4598-4609. [PMID: 30019389 PMCID: PMC6143943 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Our study was designed to explore the association miR‐335‐5p and BCL2L2 and to investigate the influence of miR‐335‐5p/BCL2L2 axis on cisplatin‐resistant ovarian cancer cells. Methods Microarray analysis was used to determine differentially expressed microRNAs in primary and cisplatin‐resistant A2780 cells. Cell function experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of miR‐335‐5p on the cisplatin sensitivity of A2780 cells. The targeted relationship between BCL2L2 mRNA and miR‐335‐5p was validated through luciferase assay. Tumor xenograft was performed to confirm the function of miR‐335‐5p in restoring the cisplatin sensitivity of the ovarian cancer cells. Results MiR‐335‐5p was lowly expressed in cisplatin‐resistant A2780 cells. Overexpression of miR‐335‐5p reduced cell survival and enhanced cisplatin‐induced cell apoptosis. BCL2L2 mRNA was a target of miR‐335‐5p, and silencing of BCL2L2 showed the similar results on the cell viability as miR‐335‐5p overexpression. Conclusion Upregulation of miR‐335‐5p expression enhanced the cisplatin sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells through suppressing BCL2L2, suggesting the potential of miR‐335‐5p/BCL2L2 axis as a therapeutic target for the cisplatin resistance of patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Liu
- Department of Gynecological, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hailong Guo
- Department of Gynecological Ward 2, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| | - Shifen Lu
- Department of Gynecological, People's Hospital of Shandong Linyi Economic and Technological Development Zone, Linyi, China
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