1
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Chaudhary M, Kumar S, Kaur P, Sahu SK, Mittal A. Comprehensive Review on Recent Strategies for Management of Prostate Cancer: Therapeutic Targets and SAR. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:721-747. [PMID: 37694781 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230911141339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a disease that is affecting a large population worldwide. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has become a foundation for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, as used in most clinical settings from neo-adjuvant to metastatic stage. In spite of the success of ADT in managing the disease in the majority of men, hormonal manipulation fails eventually. New molecules are developed for patients with various hormone-refractory diseases. Advancements in molecular oncology have increased understanding of numerous cellular mechanisms which control cell death in the prostate and these insights can lead to the development of more efficacious and tolerable therapies for carcinoma of the prostate. This review is focused on numerous therapies that might be a boon for prostate therapy like signaling inhibitors, vaccines, and inhibitors of androgen receptors. Along with these, various bioactive molecules and their derivatives are highlighted, which act as potential antiprostate cancer agents. This article also emphasized the recent advances in the field of medicinal chemistry of prostate cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Chaudhary
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Shubham Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Paranjeet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sahu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Amit Mittal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Desh Bhagat University, Amloh Road, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, 147301, India
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2
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Stangis MM, Colah AN, McLean DT, Halberg RB, Collier LS, Ricke WA. Potential roles of FGF5 as a candidate therapeutic target in prostate cancer. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2023; 11:452-466. [PMID: 38148937 PMCID: PMC10749387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is a secreted ligand that is widely expressed in embryonic tissues but its expression decreases with age. In the developing prostate, FGF5 has been proposed to interact with the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway to guide mitogenic processes. In the adult prostate, the FGF/FGFR signaling axis has been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis, but focused studies on FGF5 functions in the prostate are limited. Functional studies completed in other cancer models point towards FGF5 overexpression as an oncogenic driver associated with stemness, metastatic potential, proliferative capacity, and increased tumor grade. In this review, we explore the significance of FGF5 as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer (PCa) and other malignancies; and we introduce a potential route of investigation to link FGF5 to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). PCa and BPH are two primary contributors to the disease burden of the aging male population and have severe implications on quality of life, psychological wellbeing, and survival. The development of new FGF5 inhibitors could potentially alleviate the health burden of PCa and BPH in the aging male population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Stangis
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, WI, USA
| | - Avan N Colah
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Dalton T McLean
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Richard B Halberg
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, WI, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Lara S Collier
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - William A Ricke
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
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3
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Zhang W, Lee AM, Jena S, Huang Y, Ho Y, Tietz KT, Miller CR, Su MC, Mentzer J, Ling AL, Li Y, Dehm SM, Huang RS. Computational drug discovery for castration-resistant prostate cancers through in vitro drug response modeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218522120. [PMID: 37068243 PMCID: PMC10151558 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218522120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and a leading cause of cancer deaths in US men. Many PC cases metastasize and develop resistance to systemic hormonal therapy, a stage known as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective therapeutic strategies for CRPC. Traditional drug discovery pipelines require significant time and capital input, which highlights a need for novel methods to evaluate the repositioning potential of existing drugs. Here, we present a computational framework to predict drug sensitivities of clinical CRPC tumors to various existing compounds and identify treatment options with high potential for clinical impact. We applied this method to a CRPC patient cohort and nominated drugs to combat resistance to hormonal therapies including abiraterone and enzalutamide. The utility of this method was demonstrated by nomination of multiple drugs that are currently undergoing clinical trials for CRPC. Additionally, this method identified the tetracycline derivative COL-3, for which we validated higher efficacy in an isogenic cell line model of enzalutamide-resistant vs. enzalutamide-sensitive CRPC. In enzalutamide-resistant CRPC cells, COL-3 displayed higher activity for inhibiting cell growth and migration, and for inducing G1-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the utility of a computational framework for independent validation of drugs being tested in CRPC clinical trials, and for nominating drugs with enhanced biological activity in models of enzalutamide-resistant CRPC. The efficiency of this method relative to traditional drug development approaches indicates a high potential for accelerating drug development for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhang
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
- The Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Adam M. Lee
- The Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Sampreeti Jena
- The Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Yingbo Huang
- The Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Yeung Ho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, The University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Kiel T. Tietz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, The University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Conor R. Miller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, The University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Mei-Chi Su
- The Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Joshua Mentzer
- The Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Alexander L. Ling
- The Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Yingming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, The University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Scott M. Dehm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, The University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - R. Stephanie Huang
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
- The Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
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4
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Guo L, Liu J, Nie X, Wang T, Ma ZX, Yin D, Tang W. Development of selective FGFR1 degraders using a Rapid synthesis of proteolysis targeting Chimera (Rapid-TAC) platform. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 75:128982. [PMID: 36096343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy. The major bottleneck for the development of PROTACs is the need to screen multiple parameters to create an effective degrader. It often involves the synthesis of dozens to hundreds of compounds one by one through a tedious process. We have developed a two-stage approach that allows for the rapid synthesis of PROTACs (Rapid-TAC) using preassembled building blocks to screen multiple parameters simultaneously. We herein report the application of this method to the development of PROTACs for FGFR, a challenging membrane protein target. In the first stage, we prepared 24 potential PROTACs quickly from a hydrazide-containing FGFR inhibitor and our previously reported VHL and CRBN ligand library bearing various linkers and an aldehyde functional group. These 24 PROTACs were then directly used for screening in cellular assay for protein degradation. Multiple hits were identified from the initial screening. We then prepared the corresponding stable analogues by replacing the hydrolytic labile acylhydrazone motif with an amide in the second stage. Among them, PROTAC LG1188 was identified as a potent and selective FGFR1 degrader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Guo
- Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jin Liu
- Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Xueqing Nie
- Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Taobo Wang
- Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Zhi-Xiong Ma
- Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Dan Yin
- Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Weiping Tang
- Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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5
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Phase 2 Study of Neoadjuvant FGFR Inhibition and Androgen Deprivation Therapy Prior to Prostatectomy. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2022; 20:452-458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Tatli O, Dinler Doganay G. Recent Developments in Targeting RAS Downstream Effectors for RAS-Driven Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247561. [PMID: 34946644 PMCID: PMC8703923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activity of oncogenic rat sarcoma virus (RAS) protein promotes tumor growth and progression. RAS-driven cancers comprise more than 30% of all human cancers and are refractory to frontline treatment strategies. Since direct targeting of RAS has proven challenging, efforts have been centered on the exploration of inhibitors for RAS downstream effector kinases. Two major RAS downstream signaling pathways, including the Raf/MEK/Erk cascade and the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, have become compelling targets for RAS-driven cancer therapy. However, the main drawback in the blockade of a single RAS effector is the multiple levels of crosstalk and compensatory mechanisms between these two pathways that contribute to drug resistance against monotherapies. A growing body of evidence reveals that the sequential or synergistic inhibition of multiple RAS effectors is a more convenient route for the efficacy of cancer therapy. Herein, we revisit the recent developments and discuss the most promising modalities targeting canonical RAS downstream effectors for the treatment of RAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Tatli
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetics-Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey;
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul 34720, Turkey
| | - Gizem Dinler Doganay
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetics-Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey;
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-2122-857-256
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7
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Cardoso HJ, Carvalho TMA, Fonseca LRS, Figueira MI, Vaz CV, Socorro S. Revisiting prostate cancer metabolism: From metabolites to disease and therapy. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:1499-1538. [PMID: 33274768 DOI: 10.1002/med.21766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, still presents important unmet clinical needs concerning treatment. In the last years, the metabolic reprogramming and the specificities of tumor cells emerged as an exciting field for cancer therapy. The unique features of PCa cells metabolism, and the activation of specific metabolic pathways, propelled the use of metabolic inhibitors for treatment. The present work revises the knowledge of PCa metabolism and the metabolic alterations that underlie the development and progression of the disease. A focus is given to the role of bioenergetic sources, namely, glucose, lipids, and glutamine sustaining PCa cell survival and growth. Moreover, it is described as the action of oncogenes/tumor suppressors and sex steroid hormones in the metabolic reprogramming of PCa. Finally, the status of PCa treatment based on the inhibition of metabolic pathways is presented. Globally, this review updates the landscape of PCa metabolism, highlighting the critical metabolic alterations that could have a clinical and therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique J Cardoso
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago M A Carvalho
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Lara R S Fonseca
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marília I Figueira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cátia V Vaz
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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8
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Giacomini A, Grillo E, Rezzola S, Ribatti D, Rusnati M, Ronca R, Presta M. The FGF/FGFR system in the physiopathology of the prostate gland. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:569-610. [PMID: 32730114 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of proteins possessing paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine functions in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, angiogenesis, tissue homeostasis, wound repair, and cancer. Canonical FGFs bind and activate tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFRs), triggering intracellular signaling cascades that mediate their biological activity. Experimental evidence indicates that FGFs play a complex role in the physiopathology of the prostate gland that ranges from essential functions during embryonic development to modulation of neoplastic transformation. The use of ligand- and receptor-deleted mouse models has highlighted the requirement for FGF signaling in the normal development of the prostate gland. In adult prostate, the maintenance of a functional FGF/FGFR signaling axis is critical for organ homeostasis and function, as its disruption leads to prostate hyperplasia and may contribute to cancer progression and metastatic dissemination. Dissection of the molecular landscape modulated by the FGF family will facilitate ongoing translational efforts directed toward prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Rusnati
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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9
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Luo H, Zhang T, Cheng P, Li D, Ogorodniitchouk O, Lahmamssi C, Wang G, Lan M. Therapeutic implications of fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors in a combination regimen for solid tumors. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2525-2536. [PMID: 32782571 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of novel drugs targeting the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway have been developed, including mostly tyrosine kinase inhibitors, selective inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies. Multiple preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted worldwide to ascertain their effects on diverse solid tumors. Drugs, such as lenvatinib, dovitinib and other non-specific FGFR inhibitors, widely used in clinical practice, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for cancer therapy, although the majority of drugs remain in preclinical tests or clinical research. The resistance to a single agent for FGFR inhibition with synthetic lethal action may be overcome by a combination of therapeutic approaches and FGFR inhibitors, which could also enhance the sensitivity to other therapeutics. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to describe the pharmacological characteristics of FGFR inhibitors that may be combined with other therapeutic agents and the preclinical data supporting their combination. Additionally, their clinical implications and the remaining challenges for FGFR inhibitor combination regimens are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | | | - Chaimaa Lahmamssi
- Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, 42270 Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Ge Wang
- Cancer Center, Institute of Surgical Research, Third Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Lan
- Cancer Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Jie Er Hospital), Chongqing 401120, P.R. China
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10
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Mechanisms of Efficacy of the FGFR1–3 Inhibitor AZD4547 in Pediatric Solid Tumor Models. Invest New Drugs 2020; 38:1677-1686. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Iida M, Harari PM, Wheeler DL, Toulany M. Targeting AKT/PKB to improve treatment outcomes for solid tumors. Mutat Res 2020; 819-820:111690. [PMID: 32120136 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2020.111690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase AKT, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), is the major substrate to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and consists of three paralogs: AKT1 (PKBα), AKT2 (PKBβ) and AKT3 (PKBγ). The PI3K/AKT pathway is normally activated by binding of ligands to membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) as well as downstream to G-protein coupled receptors and integrin-linked kinase. Through multiple downstream substrates, activated AKT controls a wide variety of cellular functions including cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, and angiogenesis in both normal and malignant cells. In human cancers, the PI3K/AKT pathway is most frequently hyperactivated due to mutations and/or overexpression of upstream components. Aberrant expression of RTKs, gain of function mutations in PIK3CA, RAS, PDPK1, and AKT itself, as well as loss of function mutation in AKT phosphatases are genetic lesions that confer hyperactivation of AKT. Activated AKT stimulates DNA repair, e.g. double strand break repair after radiotherapy. Likewise, AKT attenuates chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. These observations suggest that a crucial link exists between AKT and DNA damage. Thus, AKT could be a major predictive marker of conventional cancer therapy, molecularly targeted therapy, and immunotherapy for solid tumors. In this review, we summarize the current understanding by which activated AKT mediates resistance to cancer treatment modalities, i.e. radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and RTK targeted therapy. Next, the effect of AKT on response of tumor cells to RTK targeted strategies will be discussed. Finally, we will provide a brief summary on the clinical trials of AKT inhibitors in combination with radiochemotherapy, RTK targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iida
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin in Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - P M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin in Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D L Wheeler
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin in Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Toulany
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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12
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Nickols NG, Nazarian R, Zhao SG, Tan V, Uzunangelov V, Xia Z, Baertsch R, Neeman E, Gao AC, Thomas GV, Howard L, De Hoedt AM, Stuart J, Goldstein T, Chi K, Gleave ME, Graff JN, Beer TM, Drake JM, Evans CP, Aggarwal R, Foye A, Feng FY, Small EJ, Aronson WJ, Freedland SJ, Witte ON, Huang J, Alumkal JJ, Reiter RE, Rettig MB. MEK-ERK signaling is a therapeutic target in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2019; 22:531-538. [PMID: 30804427 PMCID: PMC6853839 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-019-0134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is incurable and progression after drugs that target the androgen receptor-signaling axis is inevitable. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop more effective treatments beyond hormonal manipulation. We sought to identify activated kinases in mCRPC as therapeutic targets for existing, approved agents, with the goal of identifying candidate drugs for rapid translation into proof of concept Phase II trials in mCRPC. METHODS To identify evidence of activation of druggable kinases in these patients, we compared mRNA expression from metastatic biopsies of patients with mCRPC (n = 101) to mRNA expression in localized prostate from TCGA and used this analysis to infer differential kinase activity. In addition, we assessed the differential phosphorylation levels for key MAPK pathway kinases between mCRPC and localized prostate cancers. RESULTS Transcriptomic profiling of 101 patients with mCRPC as compared to patients with localized prostate cancer identified evidence of hyperactive ERK1, and whole genome sequencing revealed frequent amplifications of members of the MAPK pathway in 32% of this cohort. Next, we confirmed elevated levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in castration resistant prostate cancer as compared to untreated primary prostate cancer. We observed that the presence of detectable phosphorylated ERK1/2 in the primary tumor is associated with biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy independent of clinicopathologic features. ERK1 is the immediate downstream target of MEK1/2, which is druggable with trametinib, an approved therapeutic for melanoma. Trametinib elicited a profound biochemical and clinical response in a patient who had failed multiple prior treatments for mCRPC. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that pharmacologic targeting of the MEK/ERK pathway may be a viable treatment strategy for patients with refractory metastatic prostate cancer. An ongoing Phase II trial tests this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Nickols
- Department of Radiation Oncology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ramin Nazarian
- Division of Dermatology/Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shuang G Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Victor Tan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscatway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Vladislav Uzunangelov
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Zheng Xia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Robert Baertsch
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Elad Neeman
- Division of Hematology-Oncology/Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Allen C Gao
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - George V Thomas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Lauren Howard
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Amanda M De Hoedt
- Division of Urology, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Josh Stuart
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Theodore Goldstein
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Kim Chi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Julie N Graff
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Tomasz M Beer
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Justin M Drake
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscatway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Christopher P Evans
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Adam Foye
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Eric J Small
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - William J Aronson
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Division of Urology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Division of Urology, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
- Division of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Owen N Witte
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Joshi J Alumkal
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Robert E Reiter
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Matthew B Rettig
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA.
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13
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Antiangiogenic therapy with Nintedanib affects hypoxia, angiogenesis and apoptosis in the ventral prostate of TRAMP animals. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 379:407-420. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Olender J, Wang BD, Ching T, Garmire LX, Garofano K, Ji Y, Knox T, Latham P, Nguyen K, Rhim J, Lee NH. A Novel FGFR3 Splice Variant Preferentially Expressed in African American Prostate Cancer Drives Aggressive Phenotypes and Docetaxel Resistance. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2115-2125. [PMID: 31266816 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) has been shown to participate in prostate cancer development and progression; however, a link between AS and prostate cancer health disparities has been largely unexplored. Here we report on the cloning of a novel splice variant of FGFR3 that is preferentially expressed in African American (AA) prostate cancer. This novel variant (FGFR3-S) omits exon 14, comprising 123 nucleotides that encode the activation loop in the intracellular split kinase domain. Ectopic overexpression of FGFR3-S in European American (EA) prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and LNCaP) led to enhanced receptor autophosphorylation and increased activation of the downstream signaling effectors AKT, STAT3, and ribosomal S6 compared with FGFR3-L (retains exon 14). The increased oncogenic signaling imparted by FGFR3-S was associated with a substantial gain in proliferative and antiapoptotic activities, as well as a modest but significant gain in cell motility. Moreover, the FGFR3-S-conferred proliferative and motility gains were highly resistant to the pan-FGFR small-molecule inhibitor dovitinib and the antiapoptotic gain was insensitive to the cytotoxic drug docetaxel, which stands in marked contrast with dovitinib- and docetaxel-sensitive FGFR3-L. In an in vivo xenograft model, mice injected with PC-3 cells overexpressing FGFR3-S exhibited significantly increased tumor growth and resistance to dovitinib treatment compared with cells overexpressing FGFR3-L. In agreement with our in vitro and in vivo findings, a high FGFR3-S/FGFR3-L expression ratio in prostate cancer specimens was associated with poor patient prognosis. IMPLICATIONS: This work identifies a novel FGFR3 splice variant and supports the hypothesis that differential AS participates in prostate cancer health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Olender
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, GW Cancer Center, Washington, D. C
| | - Bi-Dar Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland
| | - Travers Ching
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Lana X Garmire
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kaitlin Garofano
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, GW Cancer Center, Washington, D. C
| | - Youngmi Ji
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tessa Knox
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, GW Cancer Center, Washington, D. C
| | - Patricia Latham
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Kenneth Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, GW Cancer Center, Washington, D. C
| | - Johng Rhim
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Norman H Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, GW Cancer Center, Washington, D. C.
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15
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Mansinho A, Ferreira AR, Casimiro S, Alho I, Vendrell I, Costa AL, Sousa R, Abreu C, Pulido C, Macedo D, Pacheco TR, Correia L, Costa L. Levels of Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) and Prognosis in Cancer Patients with Bone Metastases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030695. [PMID: 30736285 PMCID: PMC6387099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway plays a key role in tumorigenesis and is recognized as a potential therapeutic target. In this study, the authors aimed to assess the impact of serum FGF23 levels in the prognosis of patients with cancer and bone metastases from solid tumors. A cohort of 112 patients with cancer and metastatic bone disease were treated with bone-targeted agents (BTA). Serum baseline FGF23 was quantified by ELISA and dichotomized in FGF23high and FGF23low groups. Additionally, the association between FGF23 and overall survival (OS) and time to skeletal-related events (TTSRE) was investigated. Baseline characteristics were balanced between groups, except for the median urinary N-terminal telopeptide (uNTX) level. After a median follow-up of 26.0 months, a median OS of 34.4 and 12.2 months was found in the FGF23low and FGF23high groups, respectively (multivariate HR 0.18, 95% CI 0.07–0.44, p = 0.001; univariate HR 0.27, p = 0.001). Additionally, TTSRE was significantly longer for patients with FGF23low (13.0 vs. 2.0 months, p = 0.04). Overall, this study found that patients with FGF23low at baseline had longer OS and TTSRE. Further studies are warranted to define its role as a prognostic biomarker and in the use of drugs targeting the FGF axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Mansinho
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Luís Costa Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Arlindo R Ferreira
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Luís Costa Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Sandra Casimiro
- Luís Costa Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Irina Alho
- Luís Costa Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Inês Vendrell
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ana Lúcia Costa
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Rita Sousa
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Abreu
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | | | - Daniela Macedo
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Teresa R Pacheco
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Luís Costa Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Lurdes Correia
- Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Luís Costa
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Luís Costa Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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16
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Zhang R, Dong Y, Sun M, Wang Y, Cai C, Zeng Y, Wu Y, Zhao Q. Tumor-associated inflammatory microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer: correlation with FGFR1 and TLR4 expression via PI3K/Akt pathway. J Cancer 2019; 10:1004-1012. [PMID: 30854106 PMCID: PMC6400805 DOI: 10.7150/jca.26277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor-associated inflammatory microenvironment plays a pivotal role in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development. FGFR1 and TLR4 involve in the regulation of inflammatory microenvironment of NSCLC.However, the relationship between the FGFR1 and TLR4 signaling and the mechanisms that involved in tumor-associated microenvironment are still unclear. We investigated the expression of FGFR1 and TLR4 in cancerous tissues and noncancerous lung tissues from 60 primary NSCLC patients using immunohistochemical staining. Three cell lines (A549, PC-9 and SK-MES-1) were used for in vitro studies. We demonstrated that the expression of FGFR1 and TLR4 was significantly correlated (r=0.504, p<0.05) in NSCLC tissues. We revealed that activation of FGFR1 and TLR4 pathways by specific signaling agonist increased Akt phosphorylation. Further results showed that FGFR1 and TLR4 regulated cell proliferation and migration and promoted the production of proinflammatory or immunosuppressive cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Meanwhile, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 rescued these changes. Taken together, our results indicate that the FGFR1 expression level is positively correlated with TLR4 expression level in human NSCLC tissues. The activation of FGFR1 and TLR4 in cancer cells contributes to inflammatory microenvironment via PI3K/Akt signaling and may make a significant contribution to the progression of human NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongquan Dong
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Ningbo No.2 hospital, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjiao Sun
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310002, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yina Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Cai
- Department of surgery, Xinsheng Group, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310002, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueguang Wu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310002, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310002, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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17
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Nevedomskaya E, Baumgart SJ, Haendler B. Recent Advances in Prostate Cancer Treatment and Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051359. [PMID: 29734647 PMCID: PMC5983695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel drugs, drug sequences and combinations have improved the outcome of prostate cancer in recent years. The latest approvals include abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide and apalutamide which target androgen receptor (AR) signaling, radium-223 dichloride for reduction of bone metastases, sipuleucel-T immunotherapy and taxane-based chemotherapy. Adding abiraterone acetate to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in order to achieve complete androgen blockade has proven highly beneficial for treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer and metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Also, ADT together with docetaxel treatment showed significant benefit in mHSPC. Ongoing clinical trials for different subgroups of prostate cancer patients include the evaluation of the second-generation AR antagonists enzalutamide, apalutamide and darolutamide, of inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, of inhibitors of DNA damage response, of targeted alpha therapy and of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting approaches. Advanced clinical studies with immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown limited benefits in prostate cancer and more trials are needed to demonstrate efficacy. The identification of improved, personalized treatments will be much supported by the major progress recently made in the molecular characterization of early- and late-stage prostate cancer using “omics” technologies. This has already led to novel classifications of prostate tumors based on gene expression profiles and mutation status, and should greatly help in the choice of novel targeted therapies best tailored to the needs of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Nevedomskaya
- Therapeutic Research Groups, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Simon J Baumgart
- Therapeutic Research Groups, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bernard Haendler
- Therapeutic Research Groups, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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18
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Patel R, Khalifa AO, Isali I, Shukla S. Prostate cancer susceptibility and growth linked to Y chromosome genes. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2018; 10:423-436. [PMID: 29293466 PMCID: PMC6152832 DOI: 10.2741/e830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of Y chromosome in prostate cancer progression and incidence is not well known. Among the 46 chromosomes, Y chromosome determines the male gender. The Y chromosome is smaller than the X chromosome and contains only 458 genes compared to over 2000 genes found in the X chromosome. The Y chromosome is prone to high mutation rates, created exclusively in sperm cells due to the highly oxidative environment of the testis. Y chromosome harbors epigenetic information, which affects the expression of genes associated with the incidence and progression of prostate cancer. In this review, we focus on Y chromosome related genetic abnormalities, likely to be involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhi Patel
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ahmad O Khalifa
- Urology Dept. Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio and Menofia University, Shebin Al kom, Egpt
| | - Ilaha Isali
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA,
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19
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Shao L, Wang J, Karatas OF, Feng S, Zhang Y, Creighton CJ, Ittmann M. Fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling plays a key role in transformation induced by the TMPRSS2/ERG fusion gene and decreased PTEN. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14456-14471. [PMID: 29581856 PMCID: PMC5865682 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common visceral malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in US men. Correlative studies in human prostate cancers reveal a frequent association of the TMPRSS2/ERG (TE) fusion gene with loss of PTEN and studies in mouse models reveal that ERG expression and PTEN loss synergistically promote prostate cancer progression. To determine the mechanism by which ERG overexpression and PTEN loss leads to transformation, we overexpressed the TE fusion gene and knocked down PTEN in an immortalized but non-transformed prostate epithelial cell line. We show that ERG overexpression in combination with PTEN loss can transform these immortalized but non-tumorigenic cells, while either alteration alone was not sufficient to fully transform these cells. Expression microarray analysis revealed extensive changes in gene expression in cells expressing the TE fusion with loss of PTEN. Among these gene expression changes was increased expression of multiple FGF ligands and receptors. We show that activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling plays a key role in transformation induced by TE fusion gene expression in association with PTEN loss. In addition, in vitro and in silico analysis reveals PTEN loss is associated with widespread increases in FGF ligands and receptors in prostate cancer. Inhibitors of FGF receptor signaling are currently entering the clinic and our results suggests that FGF receptor signaling is a therapeutic target in cancers with TE fusion gene expression and PTEN loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjiang Shao
- Deptartment of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jianghua Wang
- Deptartment of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Omer Faruk Karatas
- Deptartment of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shu Feng
- Deptartment of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Deptartment of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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20
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Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and 3 expression is associated with regulatory PI3K/AKT kinase activity, as well as invasion and prognosis, in human laryngeal cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:253-268. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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