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Sabır YA, Çift T, Karaşin SS. Determining the relationship between serum acute phase reactants and cervical premalignant lesions: a cohort study. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 141:S1516-31802022005023217. [PMID: 36794669 PMCID: PMC10065111 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0186.29042022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute phase reactants play a role in the progression and prognosis of many malignant and premalignant tumors. This study investigated the diagnostic value of certain reactants as markers for cervical premalignant lesions. OBJECTIVE Despite advanced screening and vaccination programs, cervical cancer remains a serious health problem worldwide. We aimed to determine the possible relationship between premalignant cervical disease and serum acute phase reactant levels. DESIGN AND SETTING This study included 124 volunteers who underwent cervical cancer screening. We divided the patients into three groups according to cervical cytology and histopathological findings as follows: no cervical lesion, low-grade neoplasia, or high-grade neoplasia. METHODS We included women aged 25-65 years with benign smear or colposcopy results, low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The benign group was based only on cytology findings, whereas the other groups were based on histopathology findings. Demographic data and serum albumin, fibrinogen, ferritin, and procalcitonin levels were evaluated in the three groups. RESULTS We found significant differences among the three groups in terms of age, albumin level, albumin/fibrinogen ratio, and procalcitonin level. The regression analysis revealed lower serum albumin levels in the low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion groups compared with the benign group. CONCLUSION This is the first study to evaluate the importance of serum inflammatory markers in cervical intraepithelial lesions. Our results indicate that serum albumin level, albumin/fibrinogen ratio, procalcitonin level, and neutrophil values differ among cervical intraepithelial lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Acar Sabır
- MD. Physician, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University
of Health Sciences Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa,
Turkey
| | - Tayfur Çift
- MD. Physician, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Health
Sciences University Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa,
Turkey
| | - Süleyman Serkan Karaşin
- MD. Physician, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University
of Health Sciences Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa,
Turkey
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2
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He Q, Yang L, Lin M, Yang H, Cui X, McCoy MR, Hammock BD, Fang Y, Zhao S. Generation of bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay for ferritin by single-chain variable fragment and its NanoLuc luciferase fusion. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6939-6946. [PMID: 35945290 PMCID: PMC9531656 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin, widely present in liver and spleen tissue, is considered as a serological biomarker for liver diseases and cancers. The detection of ferritin may be an important tool in health diagnosis. In this study, 14 non-immunized chicken spleens were utilized to construct a single-chain fragment (scFv) phage library. After 4 rounds of panning, 7 unique clones were obtained. The optimal clone was further screened and combined with NanoLuc luciferase (Nluc) as a dual functional immunoprobe to bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay (BLEIA), which was twice as sensitive as its parental scFv-based double-sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay (ds-ELISA). The cross-reactivity analysis revealed that the proposed methods were highly selective and suitable for clinical detection. To further verify the performance of the immunoassays, serum samples were tested by the proposed methods and a commercial ELISA kit, and there was a good correlation between the results. These results suggested that scFv fused with Nluc might be a powerful dual functional tool for rapid, practically reliable, and highly sensitive ferritin detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyi He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxia Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiping Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Mark R McCoy
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yanxiong Fang
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Basaran E, Kucukoztas N, Aktepe HO, Atak Tel B, Aktas G. An exceptional prostate cancer case: Importance of cancer screening. PRECISION MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/prm2.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Basaran
- Department of Internal Medicine Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital Bolu Turkey
| | - Nadire Kucukoztas
- Department of Medical Oncology Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital Bolu Turkey
| | - Halit Oktay Aktepe
- Department of Medical Oncology Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital Bolu Turkey
| | - Burcin Atak Tel
- Department of Internal Medicine Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital Bolu Turkey
| | - Gulali Aktas
- Department of Internal Medicine Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital Bolu Turkey
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4
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Sirenko O, Kuryata O, Tykhomyrov A, Yatsenko T. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and circulating ceruloplasmin levels in men with iron-deficiency anemia and heart failure with concomitant prostate cancer and their dynamics after treatment. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jmedsci.jmedsci_427_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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5
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Ramírez-Carmona W, Díaz-Fabregat B, Yuri Yoshigae A, Musa de Aquino A, Scarano WR, de Souza Castilho AC, Avansini Marsicano J, Leal do Prado R, Pessan JP, de Oliveira Mendes L. Are Serum Ferritin Levels a Reliable Cancer Biomarker? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1917-1926. [PMID: 34607491 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1982996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although serum ferritin (SF) has been shown in several studies to be a potential cancer biomarker, the results are inconsistent. Herein, a systematic review was performed to investigate the clinical SF levels in different types of tumors in order to verify the role of SF levels as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis. The search was performed using the PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases. Observational studies comparing SF levels between healthy adults and patients with cancer were included. The meta-analysis was carried out according to the inverse variance and random effects model. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) were assessed at 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We found that SF was higher in patients with cancer (SMD 3.07; CI 1.96,4.17), especially for head and neck cancer (SMD 3.88; CI 0.42,7.34), lung cancer (SMD 1.72; CI 0.67,2.78), pancreatic cancer (SMD 6.79; CI 5.66,7.91), and renal cell carcinoma (SMD 1.77; CI 0.48,3.05). Moreover, in the advanced stages (Stages III and IV), ferritin levels were higher than in healthy adults (SMD 4.89; CI 2.72,7.06, and SMD 8.40; CI 6.99,9.82, respectively). SF acts as a biomarker for pancreatic cancer, renal cell carcinoma, lung cancer, and head and neck cancer and is a sensitive biomarker for the detection of advanced stages of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Díaz-Fabregat
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Heatlhy, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ariana Musa de Aquino
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Wellerson Rodrigo Scarano
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Heatlhy, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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6
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Plays M, Müller S, Rodriguez R. Chemistry and biology of ferritin. Metallomics 2021; 13:6244244. [PMID: 33881539 PMCID: PMC8083198 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element required by cells and has been described as a key player in ferroptosis. Ferritin operates as a fundamental iron storage protein in cells forming multimeric assemblies with crystalline iron cores. We discuss the latest findings on ferritin structure and activity and its link to cell metabolism and ferroptosis. The chemistry of iron, including its oxidation states, is important for its biological functions, its reactivity, and the biology of ferritin. Ferritin can be localized in different cellular compartments and secreted by cells with a variety of functions depending on its spatial context. Here, we discuss how cellular ferritin localization is tightly linked to its function in a tissue-specific manner, and how impairment of iron homeostasis is implicated in diseases, including cancer and coronavirus disease 2019. Ferritin is a potential biomarker and we discuss latest research where it has been employed for imaging purposes and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Plays
- Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.,Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR 3666, Paris, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1143, Paris, France.,PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Müller
- Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.,Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR 3666, Paris, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1143, Paris, France.,PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Rodriguez
- Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.,Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR 3666, Paris, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1143, Paris, France.,PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
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7
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DeRosa A, Leftin A. The Iron Curtain: Macrophages at the Interface of Systemic and Microenvironmental Iron Metabolism and Immune Response in Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:614294. [PMID: 33986740 PMCID: PMC8110925 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.614294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages fulfill central functions in systemic iron metabolism and immune response. Infiltration and polarization of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment is associated with differential cancer prognosis. Distinct metabolic iron and immune phenotypes in tumor associated macrophages have been observed in most cancers. While this prompts the hypothesis that macroenvironmental manifestations of dysfunctional iron metabolism have direct associations with microenvironmental tumor immune response, these functional connections are still emerging. We review our current understanding of the role of macrophages in systemic and microenvironmental immune response and iron metabolism and discuss these functions in the context of cancer and immunometabolic precision therapy approaches. Accumulation of tumor associated macrophages with distinct iron pathologies at the invasive tumor front suggests an "Iron Curtain" presenting as an innate functional interface between systemic and microenvironmental iron metabolism and immune response that can be harnessed therapeutically to further our goal of treating and eliminating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela DeRosa
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Avigdor Leftin
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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8
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Review of novel liquid-based biomarkers for prostate cancer: towards personalised and targeted medicine. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396921000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and it is responsible for about 10% of all cancer mortalities in both American and Canadian men. At present, serum prostate-specific antigen levels remain the most commonly used test to detect prostate cancer, and the standard and definitive diagnosis of the disease is via prostate biopsy. Conventional tissue biopsies are usually invasive, expensive, painful, time-consuming, and unsuitable for screening and need to be consistently evaluated by expert pathologists and have limited repeatability. Consequently, liquid biopsies are emerging as a favourable alternative to conventional tissue biopsies, providing a non-invasive and cost-effective approach for screening, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of prostate cancer patients.
Materials and methods:
We searched several databases from August to December 2020 for relevant studies published in English between 2000 and 2020 and reporting on liquid-based biomarkers available in detectable quantities in patient bodily fluid samples. In this narrative review paper, we describe seven novel and promising liquid-based biomarkers that potentially account for individual patient variability as well as used in disease risk assessment, screening for early disease detection and diagnosis, identification of patients’ risk for metastatic disease and subsequent relapse, monitoring patient response to specific treatment and providing clinicians the potential to stratify patients likely to benefit from a particular treatment.
Conclusions:
The concept of precision medicine from prevention to treatment techniques that take individual patient variability into account will depend on the development of effective clinical biomarkers that interrogate key aberrant pathways potentially targetable with molecular targets or immunologic therapies. Liquid-based biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for prostate cancer are emerging as minimally invasive, lower risk, readily obtainable and easily repeatable technique for screening for early disease detection and diagnosis, patient stratification at diagnosis into different risk categories, identification of patients’ risk for metastatic disease and subsequent relapse, and real-time monitoring of patient response to specific treatment. Thus, effective liquid-based biomarkers will potentially shift the treatment paradigm of prostate cancer towards more personalised and targeted medicine.
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9
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Shen L, Zhou Y, He H, Chen W, Lenahan C, Li X, Deng Y, Shao A, Huang J. Crosstalk between Macrophages, T Cells, and Iron Metabolism in Tumor Microenvironment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8865791. [PMID: 33628389 PMCID: PMC7889336 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8865791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leukocytes, including macrophages and T cells, represent key players in the human immune system, which plays a considerable role in the development and progression of tumors by immune surveillance or immune escape. Boosting the recruitment of leukocytes into the tumor microenvironment and promoting their antitumor responses have been hot areas of research in recent years. Although immunotherapy has manifested a certain level of success in some malignancies, the overall effectiveness is far from satisfactory. Iron is an essential trace element required in multiple, normal cellular processes, such as DNA synthesis and repair, cellular respiration, metabolism, and signaling, while dysregulated iron metabolism has been declared one of the metabolic hallmarks of malignant cancer cells. Furthermore, iron is implicated in the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, and elucidating the targeted regulation of iron metabolism may have the potential to benefit antitumor immunity and cancer treatment. In the present review, we briefly summarize the roles of leukocytes and iron metabolism in tumorigenesis, as well as their crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment. The combination of immunotherapy with targeted regulation of iron and iron-dependent regulated cell death (ferroptosis) may be a focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesang Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Haifei He
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wuzhen Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yongchuan Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
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10
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Vittrant B, Leclercq M, Martin-Magniette ML, Collins C, Bergeron A, Fradet Y, Droit A. Identification of a Transcriptomic Prognostic Signature by Machine Learning Using a Combination of Small Cohorts of Prostate Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:550894. [PMID: 33324443 PMCID: PMC7723980 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.550894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining which treatment to provide to men with prostate cancer (PCa) is a major challenge for clinicians. Currently, the clinical risk-stratification for PCa is based on clinico-pathological variables such as Gleason grade, stage and prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels. But transcriptomic data have the potential to enable the development of more precise approaches to predict evolution of the disease. However, high quality RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets along with clinical data with long follow-up allowing discovery of biochemical recurrence (BCR) biomarkers are small and rare. In this study, we propose a machine learning approach that is robust to batch effect and enables the discovery of highly predictive signatures despite using small datasets. Gene expression data were extracted from three RNA-Seq datasets cumulating a total of 171 PCa patients. Data were re-analyzed using a unique pipeline to ensure uniformity. Using a machine learning approach, a total of 14 classifiers were tested with various parameters to identify the best model and gene signature to predict BCR. Using a random forest model, we have identified a signature composed of only three genes (JUN, HES4, PPDPF) predicting BCR with better accuracy [74.2%, balanced error rate (BER) = 27%] than the clinico-pathological variables (69.2%, BER = 32%) currently in use to predict PCa evolution. This score is in the range of the studies that predicted BCR in single-cohort with a higher number of patients. We showed that it is possible to merge and analyze different small and heterogeneous datasets altogether to obtain a better signature than if they were analyzed individually, thus reducing the need for very large cohorts. This study demonstrates the feasibility to regroup different small datasets in one larger to identify a predictive genomic signature that would benefit PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Vittrant
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Mickael Leclercq
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Laure Martin-Magniette
- Universities of Paris Saclay, Paris, Evry, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay (IPS2), 91192, GIf sur Yvette, France.,UMR MIA-Paris, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Colin Collins
- Vancouver Prostate Cancer Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alain Bergeron
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Chirurgie, Oncology Axis, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Chirurgie, Oncology Axis, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, QC, Canada
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11
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Khan A, Singh P, Srivastava A. Iron: Key player in cancer and cell cycle? J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126582. [PMID: 32673942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron is an essential element for growth and metabolic activities of all living organisms but remains in its oxyhydroxide ferric ion form in the surrounding. Unavailability of iron in soluble ferrous form led to development of specific pathways and machinery in different organisms to make it available for use and maintain its homeostasis. Iron homeostasis is essential as under different circumstances iron in excess as well as deprivation leads to different pathological conditions in human. OBJECTIVE This review highlights the current findings related to iron excess as well as deprivation with regards to cellular proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Iron excess is extensively associated with different types of cancers viz. colorectal cancer, breast cancer etc. by producing an oxidative stressed condition and alteration of immune system. Ironically its deprivation also results in anaemic conditions and leads to cell cycle arrest at different phases with mechanism yet to be explored. Iron deprivation arrests cell cycle at G1/S and in some cases at G2/M checkpoints resulting in growth arrest. However, in some cases iron overload arrests cell cycle at G1 phase by blocking certain signalling pathways. Certain natural and synthetic iron chelators are being explored from few decades to combat diseases caused by alteration in iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmi Khan
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Pratika Singh
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Amrita Srivastava
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India.
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12
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Lu C, Zhao H, Luo C, Lei T, Zhang M. Knockdown of ferritin heavy chain (FTH) inhibits the migration of prostate cancer through reducing S100A4, S100A2, and S100P expression. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:5418-5429. [PMID: 35117907 PMCID: PMC8797967 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-19-2852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferritin plays a key role in the development of prostate cancer (PCa). Our earlier studies showed that the knockdown of ferritin heavy chain (FTH) suppressed the migration and invasion of the prostate cancer cell line (PC3). However, the mechanisms behind FTH in the cell migration regulation of PCa have not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomics was used to analyze the protein expression in PC3 cells with FTH knockdown by small interfering RNAs and negative control cells. We subsequently ranked the differentially expressed proteins according to the change in expression. We further performed Gene Ontology (GO) analysis for the changing-expression protein. Finally, Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of the target protein. RESULTS Compared with the negative group, 420 proteins were downregulated, including proteins S100A4, S100P, and S100A2, while the expression of 442 protein was elevated in FTH-silencing PC3 cells (P<0.05, fold change >1.2). The mass spectrometry results showing decreased expression of protein S100A4, S100P, and S100A2 in the cells were further validated by Western blot (P<0.05). Levels of protein S100A4, S100A2, and S100P were reduced in FTH-silencing PC3 cells (P<0.05, fold change >1.6). CONCLUSIONS The downregulation of FTH expression reduced the level of protein S100A4, S100A2, and S100P, which all play a key role in the migration and invasion of tumor cells. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that there are correlations between the expression of the S100A4, S100A2, and S100P genes with FTH. Based on this research, FTH may be a new biomarker for the diagnosis of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixiu Lu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenshuo Luo
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, China
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13
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Systemic immune-inflammation index combined with ferritin can serve as a reliable assessment score for adult-onset Still's disease. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 40:661-668. [PMID: 32623648 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The diagnosis of adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is based on nonspecific symptoms and laboratory data, and several infectious, autoimmune, and malignant diseases must be ruled out. This study aimed to elucidate the value of various laboratory inflammatory scores, including the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR), albumin/globulin ratio (AGR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and ferritin/erythrocyte sedimentation rate ratio (FER) as assessment factors for diagnosis and evaluation of disease activity in AOSD. METHODS The medical records of patients suspected of AOSD between January 1999 and June 2019 were examined. The inflammatory scores were compared between AOSD and non-AOSD groups, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate diagnostic utility. RESULTS A total of 164 patients diagnosed with AOSD had higher values of SII, CAR, and FER, as well as lower values of AGR and PNI, than non-AOSD patients (n = 61). For an AOSD diagnosis, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.859 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.806-0.911) for the SII, 0.769 (95% CI, 0.702-0.837) for the CAR, 0.749 (95% CI, 0.615-0.782) for the AGR, 0.699 (95% CI, 0.675-0.823) for the PNI, and 0.764 (95% CI, 0.693-0.834) for the FER, with optimal cut-off values of 2195.7, 1.8, 1.38, 48.8, and 17, respectively. The SII had the largest AUC and the highest specificity (91.5%). In further analysis, the AUC for the combination of SII and ferritin was 0.904 (95% CI, 0.863-0.945), with a cut-off value of 2615.4. CONCLUSIONS Laboratory inflammatory scores can be used as a practical tool for diagnosing AOSD. The SII and ferritin combination proved to be the most powerful assessment tool. Key Points • The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR), ferritin/erythrocyte sedimentation rate ratio (FER), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and albumin/globulin ratio (AGR) can be used as initial assessment scores for AOSD. • SII combined with ferritin (AUC = 0.904; 95% CI, 0.863-0.945) appears to be the most effective and valuable assessment score for AOSD.
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McNally CJ, Ruddock MW, Moore T, McKenna DJ. Biomarkers That Differentiate Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia from Prostate Cancer: A Literature Review. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:5225-5241. [PMID: 32669872 PMCID: PMC7335899 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s250829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediction of prostate cancer in primary care is typically based upon serum total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) and digital rectal examination results. However, these tests lack sensitivity and specificity, leading to over-diagnosis of disease and unnecessary, invasive biopsies. Therefore, there is a clinical need for diagnostic tests that can differentiate between benign conditions and early-stage malignant disease in the prostate. In this review, we evaluate research papers published from 2009 to 2019 reporting biomarkers that identified or differentiated benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) from prostate cancer. Our review identifies hundreds of potential biomarkers in urine, serum, tissue, and semen proposed as useful targets for differentiating between prostate cancer and BPH patients. However, it is still not apparent which of these candidate biomarkers are most useful, and many will not progress beyond the discovery stage unless they are properly validated for clinical practice. We conclude that this validation will come through the use of multivariate panels which can assess the value of biomarker candidates in combination with clinical parameters as part of a risk prediction calculator. Implementation of such a model will help clinicians stratify patients with prostate cancer symptoms in primary care, with tangible benefits for both the patient and the health service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J McNally
- Randox Laboratories Ltd, Crumlin, Co. Antrim BT29 4QY, Northern Ireland.,Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - Mark W Ruddock
- Randox Laboratories Ltd, Crumlin, Co. Antrim BT29 4QY, Northern Ireland
| | - Tara Moore
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - Declan J McKenna
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
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Iron Metabolism in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062257. [PMID: 32214052 PMCID: PMC7139548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is indispensable for cell metabolism of both normal and cancer cells. In the latter, several disruptions of its metabolism occur at the steps of tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. Noticeably, cancer cells require a large amount of iron, and exhibit a strong dependence on it for their proliferation. Numerous iron metabolism-related proteins and signaling pathways are altered by iron in malignancies, displaying the pivotal role of iron in cancer. Iron homeostasis is regulated at several levels, from absorption by enterocytes to recycling by macrophages and storage in hepatocytes. Mutations in HFE gene alter iron homeostasis leading to hereditary hemochromatosis and to an increased cancer risk because the accumulation of iron induces oxidative DNA damage and free radical activity. Additionally, the iron capability to modulate immune responses is pivotal in cancer progression. Macrophages show an iron release phenotype and potentially deliver iron to cancer cells, resulting in tumor promotion. Overall, alterations in iron metabolism are among the metabolic and immunological hallmarks of cancer, and further studies are required to dissect how perturbations of this element relate to tumor development and progression.
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Zhao H, Zhao X, Lei T, Zhang M. Screening, identification of prostate cancer urinary biomarkers and verification of important spots. Invest New Drugs 2019; 37:935-947. [PMID: 30610587 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been widely used as the unique serum biomarker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). When PSA is moderately increased (e.g., 4-10 ng/ml), it is difficult to differentiate benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) from cancer. The diagnostic test (i.e., prostate biopsy) is invasive, adding pain and economic burden to the patient. Urine samples are more convenient, non-invasive and readily available than blood. We sought to determine whether ferritin might be the potential urinary biomarker in prostate cancer diagnosis. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) followed by mass spectrometry (MS), differentially expressed urinary proteins among patients with PCa, BPH and normal controls were obtained. The ferritin heavy chain (FTH) gene, ferritin light chain (FTL) gene and protein expression of BPH-1 cells and PC-3 cells were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Stable FTH or FTL silenced cell lines were generated by small hairpin(sh) RNA lentiviral transfection. The function of the cell lines was evaluated by the colony formation assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry. Compared with BPH and normal controls, 15 overexpressed proteins, including FTH and FTL, were identified in the urine of the PCa group. FTH and FTL were also highly expressed in PC-3 cell lines compared with BPH-1 cells. FTH-silenced cells showed reduced cell proliferation, migration and increased cell apoptosis. FTL-silenced cells showed increased proliferation and migration abilities. There are differences in urinary proteins among patients with PCa, BPH and normal controls. FTH and FTL play different roles in PCa cells and are potential biomarkers for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xuhong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, 100038, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, 100038, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, 100038, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100038, China.
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Vela D. Iron Metabolism in Prostate Cancer; From Basic Science to New Therapeutic Strategies. Front Oncol 2018; 8:547. [PMID: 30538952 PMCID: PMC6277552 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing amount of research has recently strengthened the case for the existence of iron dysmetabolism in prostate cancer. It is characterized with a wide array of differential expression of iron-related proteins compared to normal cells. These proteins control iron entry, cellular iron distribution but also iron exit from prostate cells. Iron dysmetabolism is not an exclusive feature of prostate cancer cells, but it is observed in other cells of the tumor microenvironment. Disrupting the machinery that secures iron for prostate cancer cells can retard tumor growth and its invasive potential. This review unveils the current understanding of the ways that prostate cancer cells secure iron in the tumor milieu and how can we exploit this knowledge for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Driton Vela
- Department of Physiology, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
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Ferritin: A potential serum marker for lymph node metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:314-322. [PMID: 30655769 PMCID: PMC6313208 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world, yet current treatment options are associated with limited success. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of ferritin in HNSCC and clarify whether it may serve as a biomarker for predicting HNSCC metastasis. The chemiluminescent immunoassay method was used to investigate the differences in the serum ferritin (SF) levels between patients with and without tumors, and between HNSCC with and without lymph node metastasis. The iron content and expression levels of ferritin were detected to verify the differences between tumor and normal tissues, and between HNSCC without and with lymph node metastasis. Data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset was used to support the aforementioned results. No statistically significant difference in the SF level was observed between patients with and without tumors. Iron content and expression levels of ferritin heavy chain (FTH) and ferritin light chain (FTL) were higher in tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. The iron content and expression levels of SF, FTH and FTL were increased in HNSCC with metastasis compared with HNSCC without metastasis. The GEO dataset further verified the results and reported that the expression level of FTH was correlated with the prognosis of patients with HNSCC. Ferritin may not be a biomarker for the early diagnosis of HNSCC. However, an association exists between the expression level of ferritin and HNSCC cervical metastasis. SF may be a potential biomarker for predicting cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with HNSCC.
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Fang X, Min J, Wang F. A dose-response association between serum ferritin and metabolic syndrome? Atherosclerosis 2018; 279:130-131. [PMID: 30401494 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuexian Fang
- School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junxia Min
- School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Adris N, Chua ACG, Knuiman MW, Divitini ML, Trinder D, Olynyk JK. A prospective cohort examination of haematological parameters in relation to cancer death and incidence: the Busselton Health Study. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:863. [PMID: 30176879 PMCID: PMC6122556 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer risk is associated with serum iron levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether haematological parameters reflect serum iron levels and may also be associated with cancer risk. METHODS We studied 1564 men and 1769 women who were enrolled in the Busselton Health Study, Western Australia. Haematological parameters evaluated included haemoglobin (Hb), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red cell distribution width (RCDW). Statistical analyses included t-tests for quantitative variables, chi-square tests for categorical variables and Cox proportional hazards regression modelling for cancer incidence and death. RESULTS There was marginal evidence of an association between MCV (as a continuous variable) and non-skin cancer incidence in women (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.013, 1.302; p = 0.030) but the hazard ratio was attenuated to non-significance after adjustment for serum ferritin (SF), iron and transferrin saturation (TS) (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.972, 1.264; p = 0.126). There was strong evidence of an association between MCHC and prostate cancer incidence in men; the estimated hazard ratio for an increase of one SD (0.5) in MCHC was 1.27 (95% CI 1.064, 1.507; p = 0.008). These results remained significant after further adjustment for SF and iron; the estimated hazard ratio for an increase of one SD (0.5) in MCHC was 1.25 (p = 0.014, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.48). CONCLUSIONS The MCHC and MCV were associated with cancer incidence in a Western Australian population, although only MCHC remained associated with prostate cancer after adjusting with serum iron and TS (circulating iron) and SF (storage iron). Haematological parameters are thus of limited utility in population profiling for future cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niwansa Adris
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fiona Stanley and Fremantle Hospital Group, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
| | - Anita Chai Geik Chua
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
| | - Matthew William Knuiman
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Mark Laurence Divitini
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Debbie Trinder
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
| | - John Kevin Olynyk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fiona Stanley and Fremantle Hospital Group, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027 Western Australia
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