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Yoo J, Kim GW, Jeon YH, Lee SW, Kwon SH. Epigenetic roles of KDM3B and KDM3C in tumorigenesis and their therapeutic implications. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:451. [PMID: 38926399 PMCID: PMC11208531 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Advances in functional studies on epigenetic regulators have disclosed the vital roles played by diverse histone lysine demethylases (KDMs), ranging from normal development to tumorigenesis. Most of the KDMs are Jumonji C domain-containing (JMJD) proteins. Many of these KDMs remove methyl groups from histone tails to regulate gene transcription. There are more than 30 known KDM proteins, which fall into different subfamilies. Of the many KDM subfamilies, KDM3 (JMJD1) proteins specifically remove dimethyl and monomethyl marks from lysine 9 on histone H3 and other non-histone proteins. Dysregulation of KDM3 proteins leads to infertility, obesity, metabolic syndromes, heart diseases, and cancers. Among the KDM3 proteins, KDM3A has been largely studied in cancers. However, despite a number of studies pointing out their importance in tumorigenesis, KDM3B and KDM3C are relatively overlooked. KDM3B and KDM3C show context-dependent functions, showing pro- or anti-tumorigenic abilities in different cancers. Thus, this review provides a thorough understanding of the involvement of KDM3B and KDMC in oncology that should be helpful in determining the role of KDM3 proteins in preclinical studies for development of novel pharmacological methods to overcome cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Go Woon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Hyun Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Mishra J, Chakraborty S, Nandi P, Manna S, Baral T, Niharika, Roy A, Mishra P, Patra SK. Epigenetic regulation of androgen dependent and independent prostate cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2024; 161:223-320. [PMID: 39032951 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies among men worldwide. Besides genetic alterations, epigenetic modulations including DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA mediated alteration of gene expression are the key driving forces for the prostate tumor development and cancer progression. Aberrant expression and/or the activity of the epigenetic modifiers/enzymes, results in aberrant expression of genes involved in DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, cell adhesion, apoptosis, autophagy, tumor suppression and hormone response and thereby disease progression. Altered epigenome is associated with prostate cancer recurrence, progression, aggressiveness and transition from androgen-dependent to androgen-independent phenotype. These epigenetic modifications are reversible and various compounds/drugs targeting the epigenetic enzymes have been developed that are effective in cancer treatment. This chapter focuses on the epigenetic alterations in prostate cancer initiation and progression, listing different epigenetic biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of the disease and their potential as therapeutic targets. This chapter also summarizes different epigenetic drugs approved for prostate cancer therapy and the drugs available for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Mishra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Piyasa Nandi
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Soumen Manna
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Tirthankar Baral
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Niharika
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Ankan Roy
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Prahallad Mishra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India.
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3
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Safi R, Menéndez P, Pol A. Lipid droplets provide metabolic flexibility for cancer progression. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1301-1327. [PMID: 38325881 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A hallmark of cancer cells is their remarkable ability to efficiently adapt to favorable and hostile environments. Due to a unique metabolic flexibility, tumor cells can grow even in the absence of extracellular nutrients or in stressful scenarios. To achieve this, cancer cells need large amounts of lipids to build membranes, synthesize lipid-derived molecules, and generate metabolic energy in the absence of other nutrients. Tumor cells potentiate strategies to obtain lipids from other cells, metabolic pathways to synthesize new lipids, and mechanisms for efficient storage, mobilization, and utilization of these lipids. Lipid droplets (LDs) are the organelles that collect and supply lipids in eukaryotes and it is increasingly recognized that the accumulation of LDs is a new hallmark of cancer cells. Furthermore, an active role of LD proteins in processes underlying tumorigenesis has been proposed. Here, by focusing on three major classes of LD-resident proteins (perilipins, lipases, and acyl-CoA synthetases), we provide an overview of the contribution of LDs to cancer progression and discuss the role of LD proteins during the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and stemness of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Safi
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer, CIBER-ONC, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Network for Advanced Cell Therapies (TERAV), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Pol
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Pepe G, Appierdo R, Ausiello G, Helmer-Citterich M, Gherardini PF. A Meta-Analysis Approach to Gene Regulatory Network Inference Identifies Key Regulators of Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4224. [PMID: 38673810 PMCID: PMC11049946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major concern for global health, whose mechanistic understanding is complicated by a complex interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Specifically, heart failure (HF), encompassing dilated cardiomyopathy (DC), ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), is a topic of substantial interest in basic and clinical research. Here, we used a Partial Correlation Coefficient-based algorithm (PCC) within the context of a meta-analysis framework to construct a Gene Regulatory Network (GRN) that identifies key regulators whose activity is perturbed in Heart Failure. By integrating data from multiple independent studies, our approach unveiled crucial regulatory associations between transcription factors (TFs) and structural genes, emphasizing their pivotal roles in regulating metabolic pathways, such as fatty acid metabolism, oxidative stress response, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and coagulation. In addition to known associations, our analysis also identified novel regulators, including the identification of TFs FPM315 and OVOL2, which are implicated in dilated cardiomyopathies, and TEAD1 and TEAD2 in both dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathies. Moreover, we uncovered alterations in adipogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation pathways in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and discovered a role for IL2 STAT5 signaling in heart failure. Our findings underscore the importance of TF activity in the initiation and progression of cardiac disease, highlighting their potential as pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Pepe
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (R.A.)
| | - Romina Appierdo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (R.A.)
- PhD Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ausiello
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (R.A.)
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5
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Angappulige DH, Mahajan NP, Mahajan K. Epigenetic underpinnings of tumor-immune dynamics in prostate cancer immune suppression. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:369-381. [PMID: 38341319 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is immunosuppressive and refractory to immunotherapy. Infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and senescent-like neutrophils and T cell exhaustion are observed in the tumor microenvironment (TME) following androgen receptor (AR) antagonism with antiandrogens or androgen ablation. De novo post-translational acetylation of the AR, HOXB13, and H2A at K609, K13, and K130, respectively, and phosphorylation of H4 at Y88 have emerged as key epigenetic modifications associated with castration-resistant PC (CRPC). The resulting chromatin changes are integrated into cellular processes via phosphorylation of the AR, ACK1, ATPF1A, and SREBP1 at Y267, Y284, Y243/Y246, and Y673/Y951, respectively. In this review, we discuss how these de novo epigenetic alterations drive resistance and how efforts aimed at targeting these regulators may overcome immune suppression observed in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duminduni Hewa Angappulige
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nupam P Mahajan
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kiran Mahajan
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Han Y, Maimaiti N, Sun Y, Yao J. Knockout of KDM3A in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells inhibits tumor malignancy and promotes apoptosis. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:139-148. [PMID: 38165573 PMCID: PMC10830655 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The histone lysine demethylase 3 A (KDM3A) is vital for the regulation of cancer physiology and pathophysiology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of KDM3A expression with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) invasion and metastasis. In our results, knockout of KDM3A in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells promoted apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, we found that in vivo experiments indicated that the growth, invasion and metastasis of metastatic neoplasms were significantly inhibited by knockout of KDM3A in a TNBC metastasis model. These findings suggest that KDM3A may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of TNBC, providing a critical theoretical basis for the effective prevention or treatment of breast cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxing Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Nueryemu Maimaiti
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Yue Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Juan Yao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China.
- Imaging Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China.
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Ghosh A, Chakraborty P, Biswas D. Fine tuning of the transcription juggernaut: A sweet and sour saga of acetylation and ubiquitination. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194944. [PMID: 37236503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Among post-translational modifications of proteins, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination are most extensively studied over the last several decades. Owing to their different target residues for modifications, cross-talk between phosphorylation with that of acetylation and ubiquitination is relatively less pronounced. However, since canonical acetylation and ubiquitination happen only on the lysine residues, an overlap of the same lysine residue being targeted for both acetylation and ubiquitination happens quite frequently and thus plays key roles in overall functional regulation predominantly through modulation of protein stability. In this review, we discuss the cross-talk of acetylation and ubiquitination in the regulation of protein stability for the functional regulation of cellular processes with an emphasis on transcriptional regulation. Further, we emphasize our understanding of the functional regulation of Super Elongation Complex (SEC)-mediated transcription, through regulation of stabilization by acetylation, deacetylation and ubiquitination and associated enzymes and its implication in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Ghosh
- Laboratory of Transcription Biology Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 32, India
| | - Poushali Chakraborty
- Laboratory of Transcription Biology Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 32, India
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Laboratory of Transcription Biology Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 32, India.
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8
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Cameron S, Deblois G, Hawley JR, Qamra A, Zhou S, Tonekaboni SAM, Murison A, Van Vliet R, Liu J, Locasale JW, Lupien M. Chronic hypoxia favours adoption to a castration-resistant cell state in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2023; 42:1693-1703. [PMID: 37020039 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Predicting and treating recurrence in intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients remains a challenge despite having identified genomic instability [1] and hypoxia [2, 3] as risk factors. This underlies challenges in assigning the functional impact of these risk factors to mechanisms promoting prostate cancer progression. Here we show chronic hypoxia (CH), as observed in prostate tumours [4], leads to the adoption of an androgen-independent state in prostate cancer cells. Specifically, CH results in prostate cancer cells adopting transcriptional and metabolic alterations typical of castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. These changes include the increased expression of transmembrane transporters for the methionine cycle and related pathways leading to increased abundance of metabolites and expression of enzymes related to glycolysis. Targeting of the Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) identified a dependency on glycolysis in androgen-independent cells. Overall, we identified a therapeutically targetable weakness in chronic hypoxia and androgen-independent prostate cancer. These findings may offer additional strategies for treatment development against hypoxic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Cameron
- Princess Margaret Cancer Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Genevieve Deblois
- Princess Margaret Cancer Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - James R Hawley
- Princess Margaret Cancer Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aditi Qamra
- Princess Margaret Cancer Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stanley Zhou
- Princess Margaret Cancer Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Seyed Ali Madani Tonekaboni
- Princess Margaret Cancer Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Romy Van Vliet
- Princess Margaret Cancer Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Juan Liu
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Mathieu Lupien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Singh VK, Kainat KM, Sharma PK. Crosstalk between epigenetics and tumor promoting androgen signaling in prostate cancer. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 122:253-282. [PMID: 36863797 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the major health burdens among all cancer types in men globally. Early diagnosis and efficacious treatment options are highly warranted as far as the incidence of PCa is concerned. Androgen-dependent transcriptional activation of androgen receptor (AR) is central to the prostate tumorigenesis and therefore hormonal ablation therapy remains the first line of treatment for PCa in the clinics. However, the molecular signaling engaged in AR-dependent PCa initiation and progression is infrequent and diverse. Moreover, apart from the genomic changes, non-genomic changes such as epigenetic modifications have also been suggested as critical regulator of PCa development. Among the non-genomic mechanisms, various epigenetic changes such as histones modifications, chromatin methylation and noncoding RNAs regulations etc. play decisive role in the prostate tumorigenesis. Given that epigenetic modifications are reversible using pharmacological modifiers, various promising therapeutic approaches have been designed for the better management of PCa. In this chapter, we discuss the epigenetic control of tumor promoting AR signaling that underlies the mechanism of prostate tumorigenesis and progression. In addition, we have discussed the approaches and opportunities to develop novel epigenetic modifications based therapeutic strategies for targeting PCa including castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipendra Kumar Singh
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Lab, Food Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K M Kainat
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Lab, Food Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Sharma
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Lab, Food Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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10
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Zhang L, Chen Y, Li Z, Lin C, Zhang T, Wang G. Development of JmjC-domain-containing histone demethylase (KDM2-7) inhibitors for cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103519. [PMID: 36754142 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone methylation is the most common histone modification and a highly dynamic regulator of gene transcription. Methylation of lysine residues can alter the structure of chromatin, helping to regulate DNA-based nuclear activities. Lysine demethylases control and maintain epigenetic factors that affect chromatin structure and cell characteristics. A variety of diseases, including malignant tumors, are connected to their dysregulation. Advances in biochemistry and pathogenesis have prompted the discovery of small molecule inhibitors and tool compounds that disrupt lysine demethylation. In this review, we focus on JmjC-domain-containing histone lysine demethylases (KDM2-7), discussing their structures and biological roles, representative inhibitors, and therapeutic potential in cancer therapy, and aiming to provide unique insights into the development of JmjC-KDM inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yao Chen
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Zhijia Li
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Congcong Lin
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Guan Wang
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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He C, Liu W, Sun J, Zhang D, Li B. Jumonji domain-containing protein RIOX2 is overexpressed and associated with worse survival outcomes in prostate cancers. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1087082. [PMID: 36776320 PMCID: PMC9911806 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1087082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Histone demethylase RIOX2 was cloned as a c-Myc downstream gene involved in cell proliferation and has been implicated as an oncogenic factor in multiple tumor types. Its expression profiles and correlation with disease progression in prostate cancers are unknown. Methods Transcriptomic profiles of Jumanji domain-containing protein genes were assessed using multiple public expression datasets generated from RNA-seq and cDNA microarray assays. RIOX2 protein expression was assessed using an immunohistochemistry approach on a tissue section array from benign and malignant prostate tissues. Gene expression profiles were analyzed using the bioinformatics software R package. Western blot assay examined androgen stimulation on RIOX2 protein expression in LNCaP cells. Results Among 35 Jumanji domain-containing protein genes, 12 genes were significantly upregulated in prostate cancers compared to benign compartments. COX regression analysis identified that the ribosomal oxygenase 2 (RIOX2) gene was the only one significantly associated with disease-specific survival outcomes in prostate cancer patients. RIOX2 upregulation was confirmed at the protein levels using immunohistochemical assays on prostate cancer tissue sections. Meanwhile, RIOX2 upregulation was associated with clinicopathological features, including late-stage diseases, adverse Gleason scores, TP53 gene mutation, and disease-free status. In castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPC), RIOX2 expression was positively correlated with AR signaling index but negatively correlated with the neuroendocrinal progression index. However, androgen treatment had no significant stimulatory effect on RIOX2 expression, indicating a parallel but not a causative effect of androgen signaling on RIOX2 gene expression. Further analysis discovered that RIOX2 expression was tightly correlated with its promoter hypomethylation and MYC gene expression, consistent with the notion that RIOX2 was a c-Myc target gene. Conclusion The Jumanji domain-containing protein RIOX2 was significantly overexpressed in prostate cancer, possibly due to c-Myc upregulation. RIOX2 upregulation was identified as an independent prognostic factor for disease-specific survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wang Liu
- Department of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Jiahao Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Da Zhang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Benyi Li
- Department of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States,*Correspondence: Benyi Li,
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Clinical features and lipid metabolism genes as potential biomarkers in advanced lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:36. [PMID: 36624406 PMCID: PMC9830782 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10509-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the most lethal tumors with a poor survival rate even in those patients receiving new therapies. Metabolism is considered one of the hallmarks in carcinogenesis and lipid metabolism is emerging as a significant contributor to tumor metabolic reprogramming. We previously described a profile of some lipid metabolism related genes with potential prognostic value in advanced lung cancer. AIM To analyze clinical and pathological characteristics related to a specific metabolic lipid genomic signature from patients with advanced lung cancer and to define differential outcome. METHODS Ninety samples from NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) and 61 from SCLC (small cell lung cancer) patients were obtained. We performed a survival analysis based on lipid metabolic genes expression and clinical characteristics. The primary end point of the study was the correlation between gene expression, clinical characteristics and survival. RESULTS Clinical variables associated with overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients were clinical stage, adenocarcinoma histology, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), number and site of metastasis, plasma albumin levels and first-line treatment with platinum. As for SCLC patients, clinical variables that impacted OS were ECOG, number of metastasis locations, second-line treatment administration and Diabetes Mellitus (DM). None of them was associated with gene expression, indicating that alterations in lipid metabolism are independent molecular variables providing complementary information of lung cancer patient outcome. CONCLUSIONS Specific clinical features as well as the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes might be potential biomarkers with differential outcomes.
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Fan L, Sudeep K, Qi J. Histone Demethylase KDM3 (JMJD1) in Transcriptional Regulation and Cancer Progression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1433:69-86. [PMID: 37751136 PMCID: PMC11052651 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-38176-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) is a repressive histone mark and associated with inhibition of gene expression. KDM3 is a subfamily of the JmjC histone demethylases. It specifically removes the mono- or di-methyl marks from H3K9 and thus contributes to activation of gene expression. KDM3 subfamily includes three members: KDM3A, KDM3B and KDM3C. As KDM3A (also known as JMJD1A or JHDM2A) is the best studied, this chapter will mainly focus on the role of KDM3A-mediated gene regulation in the biology of normal and cancer cells. Knockout mouse studies have revealed that KDM3A plays a role in the physiological processes such as spermatogenesis, metabolism and sex determination. KDM3A is upregulated in several types of cancers and has been shown to promote cancer development, progression and metastasis. KDM3A can enhance the expression or activity of transcription factors through its histone demethylase activity, thereby altering the transcriptional program and promoting cancer cell proliferation and survival. We conclude that KDM3A may serve as a promising target for anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Khadka Sudeep
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jianfei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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14
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Diao W, Zheng J, Li Y, Wang J, Xu S. Targeting histone demethylases as a potential cancer therapy (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 61:103. [PMID: 35801593 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Post‑translational modifications of histones by histone demethylases have an important role in the regulation of gene transcription and are implicated in cancers. Recently, the family of lysine (K)‑specific demethylase (KDM) proteins, referring to histone demethylases that dynamically regulate histone methylation, were indicated to be involved in various pathways related to cancer development. To date, numerous studies have been conducted to explore the effects of KDMs on cancer growth, metastasis and drug resistance, and a majority of KDMs have been indicated to be oncogenes in both leukemia and solid tumors. In addition, certain KDM inhibitors have been developed and have become the subject of clinical trials to explore their safety and efficacy in cancer therapy. However, most of them focus on hematopoietic malignancy. This review summarizes the effects of KDMs on tumor growth, drug resistance and the current status of KDM inhibitors in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Diao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jiabin Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Junjiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Songhui Xu
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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15
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Histone lysine demethylase inhibition reprograms prostate cancer metabolism and mechanics. Mol Metab 2022; 64:101561. [PMID: 35944897 PMCID: PMC9403566 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusions KDMs inhibition promotes increases H3K4me2 and H3K27me3 in PCa and CRPC, which causes cancer selective pro-apoptotic pathways. KDMs regulate AR expression in PCa and CRPC, reducing ATP production, mitochondrial respiration and intermediate metabolites availability. Epigenetic controls metabolic pathways and redirects lipid metabolic cascade. KDMs inhibition alters lipid distribution and composition, impacting on physical and mechanical properties of PCa and CRPC.
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16
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van Dijk A, Anten J, Bakker A, Evers N, Hoekstra AT, Chang JC, Scheenstra MR, Veldhuizen EJA, Netea MG, Berkers CR, Haagsman HP. Innate Immune Training of Human Macrophages by Cathelicidin Analogs. Front Immunol 2022; 13:777530. [PMID: 35958593 PMCID: PMC9360325 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.777530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trained innate immunity can be induced in human macrophages by microbial ligands, but it is unknown if exposure to endogenous alarmins such as cathelicidins can have similar effects. Previously, we demonstrated sustained protection against infection by the chicken cathelicidin-2 analog DCATH-2. Thus, we assessed the capacity of cathelicidins to induce trained immunity. PMA-differentiated THP-1 (dTHP1) cells were trained with cathelicidin analogs for 24 hours and restimulated after a 3-day rest period. DCATH-2 training of dTHP-1 cells amplified their proinflammatory cytokine response when restimulated with TLR2/4 agonists. Trained cells displayed a biased cellular metabolism towards mTOR-dependent aerobic glycolysis and long-chain fatty acid accumulation and augmented microbicidal activity. DCATH-2-induced trained immunity was inhibited by histone acetylase inhibitors, suggesting epigenetic regulation, and depended on caveolae/lipid raft-mediated uptake, MAPK p38 and purinergic signaling. To our knowledge, this is the first report of trained immunity by host defense peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert van Dijk
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Albert van Dijk,
| | - Jennifer Anten
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anne Bakker
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Noah Evers
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anna T. Hoekstra
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jung-Chin Chang
- Division Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maaike R. Scheenstra
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Edwin J. A. Veldhuizen
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Celia R. Berkers
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Division Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henk P. Haagsman
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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17
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Zhang W, Xia S, Zhong X, Gao G, Yang J, Wang S, Cao M, Liang Z, Yang C, Wang J. Characterization of 2,2'4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE47)-induced testicular toxicity via single-cell RNA-sequencing. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2022; 5:pbac016. [PMID: 35875604 PMCID: PMC9306015 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The growing male reproductive diseases have been linked to higher exposure to certain environmental compounds such as 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE47) that are widely distributed in the food chain. However, the specific underlying molecular mechanisms for BDE47-induced male reproductive toxicity are not completely understood. Methods Here, for the first time, advanced single-cell RNA sequencing (ScRNA-seq) was employed to dissect BDE47-induced prepubertal testicular toxicity in mice from a pool of 76 859 cells. Results Our ScRNA-seq results revealed shared and heterogeneous information of differentially expressed genes, signaling pathways, transcription factors, and ligands-receptors in major testicular cell types in mice upon BDE47 treatment. Apart from disruption of hormone homeostasis, BDE47 was discovered to downregulate multiple previously unappreciated pathways such as double-strand break repair and cytokinesis pathways, indicative of their potential roles involved in BDE47-induced testicular injury. Interestingly, transcription factors analysis of ScRNA-seq results revealed that Kdm5b (lysine-specific demethylase 5B), a key transcription factor required for spermatogenesis, was downregulated in all germ cells as well as in Sertoli and telocyte cells in BDE47-treated testes of mice, suggesting its contribution to BDE47-induced impairment of spermatogenesis. Conclusions Overall, for the first time, we established the molecular cell atlas of mice testes to define BDE47-induced prepubertal testicular toxicity using the ScRNA-seq approach, providing novel insight into our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and pathways involved in BDE47-associated testicular injury at a single-cell resolution. Our results can serve as an important resource to further dissect the potential roles of BDE47, and other relevant endocrine-disrupting chemicals, in inducing male reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) , Shenzhen 518020 , China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Siyu Xia
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) , Shenzhen 518020 , China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Xiaoru Zhong
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) , Shenzhen 518020 , China
| | - Guoyong Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) , Shenzhen 518020 , China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) , Shenzhen 518020 , China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) , Shenzhen 518020 , China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) , Shenzhen 518020 , China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) , Shenzhen 518020 , China
| | - Chuanbin Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) , Shenzhen 518020 , China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) , Shenzhen 518020 , China
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing 100700 , China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Southern Medical University , Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong , China
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18
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Wang W, Wang B. KDM3A-mediated SP1 activates PFKFB4 transcription to promote aerobic glycolysis in osteosarcoma and augment tumor development. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:562. [PMID: 35590288 PMCID: PMC9118730 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysine-specific histone demethylase 3A (KDM3A) is a potent histone modifier that is frequently implicated in the progression of several malignancies. However, its role in aerobic glycolysis of osteosarcoma (OS) remains unclear. METHODS KDM3A expression in OS tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry, and that in acquired OS cells was determined by RT-qPCR and western blot assays. KDM3A was silenced in OS cells to examine cellular behaviors and the aerobic glycolysis. Stably transfected cells were injected into nude mice for in vivo experiments. The downstream targets of KDM3A were predicted by bioinformatics systems and validated by ChIP-qPCR. Rescue experiments of SP1 and PFKFB4 were performed to examine their roles in the KDM3A-mediated events. RESULTS KDM3A was highly expressed in OS tissues and cells. Knockdown of KDM3A weakened OS cell growth and metastasis in vivo and in vitro, and it suppressed the aerobic glycolysis in OS cells. KDM3A enhanced the transcription of SP1 by demethylating H3K9me2 on its promoter. Restoration of SP1 rescued growth and metastasis of OS cells and recovered the glycolytic flux in cells suppressed by knockdown of KDM3A. SP1 bound to the PFKFB4 promoter to activate its transcription and expression. PFKFB4 expression in OS cells was suppressed by KDM3A silencing but increased after SP1 restoration. Overexpression of PFKFB4 significantly promoted OS cell growth and metastasis as well as the glycolytic flux in cells. CONCLUSION This paper elucidates that upregulation of PFKFB4 mediated by the KDM3A-SP1 axis promotes aerobic glycolysis in OS and augments tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, P.R. China.
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19
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Li C, Zhang A, Hu T, Yang Y, Tang S, Li J. Histone demethylase JHDM2A participates in the repair of arsenic-induced DNA damage in L-02 cells by regulating DDB2. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:365-376. [PMID: 35579678 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221098319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is widely present in nature and is a class I carcinogen confirmed by the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The liver is responsible for biotransformation in the body and is one of the major organs where arsenic accumulates in the body, but the mechanisms of arsenic-induced abnormal DNA damage repair pathways in the liver are still unclear. Recent studies have revealed that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in arsenic-induced lesions. In this study, an in vitro model was established using human normal hepatocytes L-02 to investigate the mechanism of the specific demethylase JHDM2A of H3K9me2 in the repair of arsenic-induced DNA damage in L-02 cells. The results showed that with the increase of arsenic concentrations, the extent of DNA damage in L-02 cells showed an increasing trend and total intracellular H3K9me2 expression was downregulated. In addition, the enrichment level of H3K9me2 in the promoter region of DBB2, a key factor of nucleotide repair (NBR), increased, while protein and mRNA expression levels showed a decreasing trend. Thereafter, we overexpressed and repressed JHDM2A and found a close association between JHDM2A and arsenic-induced DNA damage. DDB2 protein and mRNA expression was downregulated with JHDM2A overexpression and upregulated with JHDM2A repression, while DBB2 promoter region H3K9me2 enrichment levels remained at a high level, although they were affected after JHDM2A overexpression or knockdown to some extent. These results suggest a potential mechanism by which JHDM2A may regulate DDB2 gene expression, participate in the NBR process, and play a role in arsenic-induced DNA damage in L-02 cells, which is not the result of JHDM2A exerting demethylation on H3K9me2 in the DDB2 promoter region. Our results provided an epigenetic mechanism for endemic arsenicosis, as well as a scientific basis for potential prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhe Li
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Anliu Zhang
- Guiyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Ting Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yue Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shunfang Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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20
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Alexandrova E, Salvati A, Pecoraro G, Lamberti J, Melone V, Sellitto A, Rizzo F, Giurato G, Tarallo R, Nassa G, Weisz A. Histone Methyltransferase DOT1L as a Promising Epigenetic Target for Treatment of Solid Tumors. Front Genet 2022; 13:864612. [PMID: 35495127 PMCID: PMC9043692 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.864612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone lysine methyltransferase DOT1L (DOT1-like histone lysine methyltransferase) is responsible for the epigenetic regulation of gene expression through specific methylation of lysine79 residue of histone H3 (H3K79) in actively transcribed genes. Its normal activity is crucial for embryonic development and adult tissues functions, whereas its aberrant functioning is known to contribute to leukemogenesis. DOT1L is the only lysine methyltransferase that does not contain a SET domain, which is a feature that allowed the development of selective DOT1L inhibitors that are currently investigated in Phase I clinical trials for cancer treatment. Recently, abnormal expression of this enzyme has been associated with poor survival and increased aggressiveness of several solid tumors. In this review evidences of aberrant DOT1L expression and activity in breast, ovarian, prostate, colon, and other solid tumors, and its relationships with biological and clinical behavior of the disease and response to therapies, are summarized. Current knowledge of the structural basis of DOT1L ability to regulate cell proliferation, invasion, plasticity and stemness, cell cycle progression, cell-to-cell signaling, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and chemoresistance, through cooperation with several molecular partners including noncoding RNAs, is also reviewed. Finally, available options for the treatment of therapeutically challenging solid tumors by targeting DOT1L are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Alexandrova
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Annamaria Salvati
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Medical Genomics Program and Division of Oncology, AOU “S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pecoraro
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Jessica Lamberti
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Viola Melone
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Assunta Sellitto
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health—CRGS, Campus of Medicine of the University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health—CRGS, Campus of Medicine of the University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health—CRGS, Campus of Medicine of the University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health—CRGS, Campus of Medicine of the University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Nassa, ; Alessandro Weisz,
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Medical Genomics Program and Division of Oncology, AOU “S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health—CRGS, Campus of Medicine of the University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Nassa, ; Alessandro Weisz,
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21
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Rokni M, Heidari Nia M, Sarhadi M, Mirinejad S, Sargazi S, Moudi M, Saravani R, Rahdar S, Kargar M. Association of TMPRSS2 Gene Polymorphisms with COVID-19 Severity and Mortality: a Case-Control Study with Computational Analyses. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3507-3526. [PMID: 35386063 PMCID: PMC8986508 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe disease caused by a new variant of beta-coronavirus that first appeared in China. Human genetic factors, including polymorphisms, serve pivotal roles in the high transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the stubbornly progressing sickness seen in a small but significant percentage of infected people; however, but these factors remain ill-defined. A total of 288 COVID-19 patients and 288 controls were genotyped for TMPRSS2 polymorphisms using both restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) and amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR techniques. Different genotypes of TMPRSS2 polymorphisms were compared in terms of disease susceptibility and mortality. The statistical analysis showed that minor alleles of all studied variants statistically increased the risk of COVID-19, except for the rs75603675 C > A variant. The T allele of rs12329760 conferred an increased risk of COVID-19. Moreover, the AG/AC/TT/AG combination of genotypes significantly enhanced the risk of COVID-19 in our population. Different haplotypes of rs17854725/rs75603675/rs12329760/rs4303795 polymorphisms, including GACA, GACG, GATG, GATA, AATA, ACCG, ACTG, ACTA, GCCA, and GCTG, were found to be associated with increased risk of the disease (odds ratio > 1). Regarding the clinical and paraclinical characteristics, a statistically significant difference was found between non-severe and severe forms except for gender, platelet, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and underlying diseases. In addition, case genotypes of TMPRSS2 rs17854725 A > G, rs12329760 C > T, and rs4303795 A > G were significantly different regarding severe and non-severe forms of the disease (P-value < 0.001). Specifically, death was more frequent in carriers of the AG genotype of rs17854725 A > G (P-value = 0.022). Patients who carry the minor alleles of the four studied TMPRSS2 variants were rather vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. Our findings indicated that rs17854725 A > G (AA vs. AG and AA vs. GG), rs12329760 C > T (CC vs. CT and CC vs. TT), and rs4303795 A > G (AA vs. AG) genotypes of TMPRSS2 variations are associated with a more invasive disorder pattern. More studies on larger populations are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Rokni
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Heidari Nia
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 9816743463, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sarhadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 9816743463, Iran
| | - Shekoufeh Mirinejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 9816743463, Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 9816743463, Iran.
| | - Mahdiyeh Moudi
- Genetics of Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ramin Saravani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 9816743463, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Sara Rahdar
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 9816743463, Iran
| | - Maryam Kargar
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Liang Z, Liang Q, Zhang W, Zheng L, Shen X, Zhang Y. Promotional effects of HIF1α and KDM3A interaction on vascular smooth muscle cells in thoracic aortic dissection. Epigenomics 2022; 14:227-241. [PMID: 35172598 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The current study was performed to define the role of KDM3A in thoracic aortic dissection (TAD). Methods: The binding of HIF1α and KDM3A in HES1 was detected by ChIP and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Loss and gain-of function assays of HIF1α, KDM3A and HES1 were further performed in Ang-II-induced mouse aortic smooth muscle cell line (MOVAS) cells. Lastly, in vivo TAD models were established. Results: HIF1α was highly expressed in TAD. KDM3A promoted the transcription activation of HES1. HIF1α enhanced the proliferation and migration of Ang-II-induced MOVAS cells, in addition to increasing thoracic aorta dilation to induce TAD formation in vivo. Silencing of HES1 reversed the effects of HIF1α in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion: The findings indicated that interaction between HIF1α and KDM3A enhances the proliferation and migration of MOVAS cells to induce TAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyong Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West 5Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuji Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongjian Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
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23
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Jeon HY, Ryu H, Pornour M, Qi J. Histone demethylase JMJD1A in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:392-396. [PMID: 35020958 PMCID: PMC8930527 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
JMJD1A (also called lysine demethylase 3A [KDM3A]) belongs to the Jumonji C family of histone demethylases. It specifically removes the repressive mono- or di-methyl marks from histone H3 at lysine 9 and thus contributes to the activation of gene transcription. JMJD1A plays a key role in a variety of biological processes such as spermatogenesis, metabolism, sex determination, and stem cell activity. JMJD1A is upregulated in various types of cancers and can promote cancer development, progression, and therapeutic resistance. JMJD1A can epigenetically regulate the expression or activity of transcription factors such as c-Myc, androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER), β-catenin, and so on. Expression and activity of JMJD1A in cancer cells can be regulated at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. Targeting JMJD1A may repress the oncogenic transcription factors as a potential anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Young Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hyunju Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Majid Pornour
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jianfei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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24
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Harris AE, Metzler VM, Lothion-Roy J, Varun D, Woodcock CL, Haigh DB, Endeley C, Haque M, Toss MS, Alsaleem M, Persson JL, Gudas LJ, Rakha E, Robinson BD, Khani F, Martin LM, Moyer JE, Brownlie J, Madhusudan S, Allegrucci C, James VH, Rutland CS, Fray RG, Ntekim A, de Brot S, Mongan NP, Jeyapalan JN. Exploring anti-androgen therapies in hormone dependent prostate cancer and new therapeutic routes for castration resistant prostate cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1006101. [PMID: 36263323 PMCID: PMC9575553 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1006101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapies (ADTs) are important treatments which inhibit androgen-induced prostate cancer (PCa) progression by either preventing androgen biosynthesis (e.g. abiraterone) or by antagonizing androgen receptor (AR) function (e.g. bicalutamide, enzalutamide, darolutamide). A major limitation of current ADTs is they often remain effective for limited durations after which patients commonly progress to a lethal and incurable form of PCa, called castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) where the AR continues to orchestrate pro-oncogenic signalling. Indeed, the increasing numbers of ADT-related treatment-emergent neuroendocrine-like prostate cancers (NePC), which lack AR and are thus insensitive to ADT, represents a major therapeutic challenge. There is therefore an urgent need to better understand the mechanisms of AR action in hormone dependent disease and the progression to CRPC, to enable the development of new approaches to prevent, reverse or delay ADT-resistance. Interestingly the AR regulates distinct transcriptional networks in hormone dependent and CRPC, and this appears to be related to the aberrant function of key AR-epigenetic coregulator enzymes including the lysine demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A). In this review we summarize the current best status of anti-androgen clinical trials, the potential for novel combination therapies and we explore recent advances in the development of novel epigenetic targeted therapies that may be relevant to prevent or reverse disease progression in patients with advanced CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Harris
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Veronika M. Metzler
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Lothion-Roy
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dhruvika Varun
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Corinne L. Woodcock
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daisy B. Haigh
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chantelle Endeley
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Haque
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S. Toss
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mansour Alsaleem
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Applied Medical Science, Applied College, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jenny L. Persson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Malmö Universitet, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lorraine J. Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emad Rakha
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Brian D. Robinson
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Francesca Khani
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Laura M. Martin
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jenna E. Moyer
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Juliette Brownlie
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Allegrucci
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria H. James
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catrin S. Rutland
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rupert G. Fray
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Atara Ntekim
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: Jennie N. Jeyapalan, ; Nigel P. Mongan, ; ; Atara Ntekim,
| | - Simone de Brot
- Comparative Pathology Platform (COMPATH), Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nigel P. Mongan
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Jennie N. Jeyapalan, ; Nigel P. Mongan, ; ; Atara Ntekim,
| | - Jennie N. Jeyapalan
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Jennie N. Jeyapalan, ; Nigel P. Mongan, ; ; Atara Ntekim,
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25
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Epigenetic Coregulation of Androgen Receptor Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:277-293. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Baker M, Petasny M, Taqatqa N, Bentata M, Kay G, Engal E, Nevo Y, Siam A, Dahan S, Salton M. KDM3A regulates alternative splicing of cell-cycle genes following DNA damage. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 27:1353-1362. [PMID: 34321328 PMCID: PMC8522690 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078796.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the cellular environment result in chromatin structure alteration, which in turn regulates gene expression. To learn about the effect of the cellular environment on the transcriptome, we studied the H3K9 demethylase KDM3A. Using RNA-seq, we found that KDM3A regulates the transcription and alternative splicing of genes associated with cell cycle and DNA damage. We showed that KDM3A undergoes phosphorylation by PKA at serine 265 following DNA damage, and that the phosphorylation is important for proper cell-cycle regulation. We demonstrated that SAT1 alternative splicing, regulated by KDM3A, plays a role in cell-cycle regulation. Furthermore we found that KDM3A's demethylase activity is not needed for SAT1 alternative splicing regulation. In addition, we identified KDM3A's protein partner ARID1A, the SWI/SNF subunit, and SRSF3 as regulators of SAT1 alternative splicing and showed that KDM3A is essential for SRSF3 binding to SAT1 pre-mRNA. These results suggest that KDM3A serves as a sensor of the environment and an adaptor for splicing factor binding. Our work reveals chromatin sensing of the environment in the regulation of alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Mayra Petasny
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Nadeen Taqatqa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Mercedes Bentata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Gillian Kay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Eden Engal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Yuval Nevo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Ahmad Siam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Sara Dahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Maayan Salton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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27
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AR-negative prostate cancer is vulnerable to loss of JMJD1C demethylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2026324118. [PMID: 34475205 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026324118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men. The widespread use of androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors has generated an increased incidence of AR-negative prostate cancer, triggering the need for effective therapies for such patients. Here, analysis of public genome-wide CRISPR screens in human prostate cancer cell lines identified histone demethylase JMJD1C (KDM3C) as an AR-negative context-specific vulnerability. Secondary validation studies in multiple cell lines and organoids, including isogenic models, confirmed that small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated depletion of JMJD1C potently inhibited growth specifically in AR-negative prostate cancer cells. To explore the cooperative interactions of AR and JMJD1C, we performed comparative transcriptomics of 1) isogenic AR-positive versus AR-negative prostate cancer cells, 2) AR-positive versus AR-negative prostate cancer tumors, and 3) isogenic JMJD1C-expressing versus JMJD1C-depleted AR-negative prostate cancer cells. Loss of AR or JMJD1C generates a modest tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) signature, whereas combined loss of AR and JMJD1C strongly up-regulates the TNFα signature in human prostate cancer, suggesting TNFα signaling as a point of convergence for the combined actions of AR and JMJD1C. Correspondingly, AR-negative prostate cancer cells showed exquisite sensitivity to TNFα treatment and, conversely, TNFα pathway inhibition via inhibition of its downstream effector MAP4K4 partially reversed the growth defect of JMJD1C-depleted AR-negative prostate cancer cells. Given the deleterious systemic side effects of TNFα therapy in humans and the viability of JMJD1C-knockout mice, the identification of JMJD1C inhibition as a specific vulnerability in AR-negative prostate cancer may provide an alternative drug target for prostate cancer patients progressing on AR inhibitor therapy.
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28
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Xu Q, Song Y, Lu L. Overexpression of let-7d explains down-regulated KDM3A and ENO2 in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8127-8139. [PMID: 34350711 PMCID: PMC8419194 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre‐eclampsia (PE) is the leading cause of maternal death; however, the causative molecular basis remains largely unknown. Recent studies have revealed the important role microRNAs (miRNAs) play in PE. We aimed to explore the effects of let‐7d on trophoblast proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis in PE and its underlying mechanism. Placental tissues were collected from PE patients and healthy pregnant women, and it was found that let‐7d expression was increased, while KDM3A and ENO2 expression was decreased in PE tissues and cells. Bioinformatics analysis indicated the interaction among let‐7d, KDM3A and ENO2, confirmed by dual luciferase reporter gene assay; ChIP experiment identified methylated modification to ENO2 by KDM3A. With gain‐ and loss‐function method, silencing of let‐7d increased KDM3A expression and enhanced the binding between KDM3A and ENO2. Furthermore, overexpression of let‐7d suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion of trophoblasts, and induced apoptosis of trophoblasts, while these capacities were restored upon additional treatment of overexpressed ENO2. PE rat models were established to explore the effects of let‐7d and ENO2 on PE in vivo. The results established that the silencing of let‐7d alleviated the tissue injury and PE‐related symptoms when reducing urine protein, TUNEL‐positive cells and increasing ENO2, and KDM3A expression in rats. Cumulatively, let‐7d suppressed cell progression of trophoblasts, and induced apoptosis through the down‐regulation of KDM3A to promote ENO2 methylation, thereby promoting progression of PE. Such an epigenetic network of let‐7d, KDM3A and ENO2 in the pathogenesis of PE might provide novel insight into targeted therapy against this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Yonghui Song
- Department of Obstetrics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Lili Lu
- Department of Obstetrics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
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29
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Quan J, Bode AM, Luo X. ACSL family: The regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic implications in cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 909:174397. [PMID: 34332918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that deregulation of fatty acid (FA) metabolism is associated with the development of cancer. Long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthases (ACSLs) are responsible for activating long-chain FAs and are frequently deregulated in cancers. Among the five mammalian ACSL family members, ACSL1 is involved in the TNFα-mediated pro-inflammatory phenotype and mainly facilitates cancer progression. ACSL3 is an androgen-responsive gene. High ACSL3 expression has been detected in a variety of cancers, including melanoma, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and high-grade non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), and correlates with worse prognosis of patients with these diseases. ACSL4 can exert opposing roles acting as a tumor suppressor or as an oncogene depending on the specific cancer type and tissue environment. Moreover, ACSL4 behaves as a crucial regulator in ferroptosis that is defined as a cell death process caused by iron-dependent peroxidation of lipids. ACSL5 is nuclear-coded and expressed in the mitochondria and physiologically participates in the pro-apoptotic sensing of cells. ACSL5 mainly acts as a tumor suppressor in cancers. ACSL6 downregulation has been observed in many forms of cancers, except in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we address the differential regulatory mechanisms of the ACSL family members as well as their functions in carcinogenesis. Moreover, we enumerate the clinical therapeutic implications of ACSLs, which might serve as valuable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for precision cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Quan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
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30
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Venit T, El Said NH, Mahmood SR, Percipalle P. A dynamic actin-dependent nucleoskeleton and cell identity. J Biochem 2021; 169:243-257. [PMID: 33351909 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin is an essential regulator of cellular functions. In the eukaryotic cell nucleus, actin regulates chromatin as a bona fide component of chromatin remodelling complexes, it associates with nuclear RNA polymerases to regulate transcription and is involved in co-transcriptional assembly of nascent RNAs into ribonucleoprotein complexes. Actin dynamics are, therefore, emerging as a major regulatory factor affecting diverse cellular processes. Importantly, the involvement of actin dynamics in nuclear functions is redefining the concept of nucleoskeleton from a rigid scaffold to a dynamic entity that is likely linked to the three-dimensional organization of the nuclear genome. In this review, we discuss how nuclear actin, by regulating chromatin structure through phase separation may contribute to the architecture of the nuclear genome during cell differentiation and facilitate the expression of specific gene programs. We focus specifically on mitochondrial genes and how their dysregulation in the absence of actin raises important questions about the role of cytoskeletal proteins in regulating chromatin structure. The discovery of a novel pool of mitochondrial actin that serves as 'mitoskeleton' to facilitate organization of mtDNA supports a general role for actin in genome architecture and a possible function of distinct actin pools in the communication between nucleus and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Venit
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadine Hosny El Said
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Raza Mahmood
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biology, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, 1009 Silver Center, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Down-regulated microRNA-199a-3p enhances osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by targeting Kdm3a in ovariectomized rats. Biochem J 2021; 478:721-734. [PMID: 33410908 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a prevalent systemic skeletal disorder entailing bone fragility and increased fracture risk, often emerging in post-menopausal life. Emerging evidence implicates the dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) in the progression of osteoporosis. This study investigated the effect of miR-199a-3p on osteoporosis and its underlying mechanism. We first examplished an ovariectomized (OVX)-induced rat osteoporosis model, and then isolated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow of the model rats. The overexpression and knock down of miR-199a-3p were conducted in OVX rats and MSCs to verify the role of miR-199a-3p on MSC differentiation. Calcium nodules were measured using alizarin red S (ARS) staining. RT-qPCR and Western blot assay were performed to measure the expression of miR-199a-3p, Kdm3a and osteogenic differentiation-related markers in rat tissues and cells. The correlation between miR-199a-3p and Kdm3a was confirmed using dual-luciferase reporter assay. The enrichment of Kdm3a at the Erk2 and Klf2 promoter was assessed using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Isolated MSCs were positive for CD29, CD44, CD90, and CD45, suggesting successful isolation of MSCs. There was increased expression of miR-199a-3p and inhibited osteogenic differentiation in OVX rats. Kdm3a was negatively targeted by miR-199a-3p. Our results also demonstrated that Kdm3a elevated the expression of Erk2 and Erk2 by promoting Erk2 and Klf2 demethylation, which further contributed to osteogenic differentiation. Overall, our results revealed a regulatory network of miR-199a-3p in osteogenic differentiation, highlighting miR-199a-3p as a potential target for therapeutic interventions in osteoporosis.
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32
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Punnia-Moorthy G, Hersey P, Emran AA, Tiffen J. Lysine Demethylases: Promising Drug Targets in Melanoma and Other Cancers. Front Genet 2021; 12:680633. [PMID: 34220955 PMCID: PMC8242339 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.680633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation has been implicated in a variety of pathological processes including carcinogenesis. A major group of enzymes that influence epigenetic modifications are lysine demethylases (KDMs) also known as "erasers" which remove methyl groups on lysine (K) amino acids of histones. Numerous studies have implicated aberrant lysine demethylase activity in a variety of cancers, including melanoma. This review will focus on the structure, classification and functions of KDMs in normal biology and the current knowledge of how KDMs are deregulated in cancer pathogenesis, emphasizing our interest in melanoma. We highlight the current knowledge gaps of KDMs in melanoma pathobiology and describe opportunities to increases our understanding of their importance in this disease. We summarize the progress of several pre-clinical compounds that inhibit KDMs and represent promising candidates for further investigation in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaya Punnia-Moorthy
- Melanoma Oncology and Immunology Group, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Melanoma Epigenetics Laboratory, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Hersey
- Melanoma Oncology and Immunology Group, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Abdullah Al Emran
- Melanoma Oncology and Immunology Group, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessamy Tiffen
- Melanoma Oncology and Immunology Group, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Melanoma Epigenetics Laboratory, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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33
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Pacheco MB, Camilo V, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Epigenetic Editing in Prostate Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities. Epigenetics 2021; 17:564-588. [PMID: 34130596 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1939477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenome editing consists of fusing a predesigned DNA recognition unit to the catalytic domain of a chromatin modifying enzyme leading to the introduction or removal of an epigenetic mark at a specific locus. These platforms enabled the study of the mechanisms and roles of epigenetic changes in several research domains such as those addressing pathogenesis and progression of cancer. Despite the continued efforts required to overcome some limitations, which include specificity, off-target effects, efficacy, and longevity, these tools have been rapidly progressing and improving.Since prostate cancer is characterized by multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations that affect different signalling pathways, epigenetic editing constitutes a promising strategy to hamper cancer progression. Therefore, by modulating chromatin structure through epigenome editing, its conformation might be better understood and events that drive prostate carcinogenesis might be further unveiled.This review describes the different epigenome engineering tools, their mechanisms concerning gene's expression and regulation, highlighting the challenges and opportunities concerning prostate cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Brütt Pacheco
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vânia Camilo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. DR. António Bernardino De Almeida, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, Portugal
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Davis K, Azarcon P, Hickenlooper S, Bia R, Horiuchi E, Szulik MW, Franklin S. The role of demethylases in cardiac development and disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 158:89-100. [PMID: 34081951 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a worldwide health condition that currently has limited noninvasive treatments. Heart disease includes both structural and molecular remodeling of the heart which is driven by alterations in gene expression in the cardiomyocyte. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanisms which instigate these changes in gene expression and constitute the foundation for pathological remodeling may be beneficial for developing new treatments for heart disease. These gene expression changes are largely preceded by epigenetic alterations to chromatin, including the post-translational modification of histones such as methylation, which alters chromatin to be more or less accessible for transcription factors or regulatory proteins to bind and modify gene expression. Methylation was once thought to be a permanent mark placed on histone or non-histone targets by methyltransferases, but is now understood to be a reversible process after the discovery of the first demethylase, KDM1A/LSD1. Since this time, it has been shown that demethylases play key roles in embryonic development, in maintaining cellular homeostasis and disease progression. However, the role of demethylases in the fetal and adult heart remains largely unknown. In this review, we have compiled data on the 33 mammalian demethylases that have been identified to date and evaluate their expression in the embryonic and adult heart as well as changes in expression in the failing myocardium using publicly available RNA-sequencing and proteomic datasets. Our analysis detected expression of 14 demethylases in the normal fetal heart, and 5 demethylases in the normal adult heart. Moreover, 8 demethylases displayed differential expression in the diseased human heart compared to healthy hearts. We then examined the literature regarding these demethylases and provide phenotypic information of 13 demethylases that have been functionally interrogated in some way in the heart. Lastly, we describe the 6 arginine and lysine residues on histones which have been shown to be methylated but have no corresponding demethylase identified which removes these methyl marks. Overall, this review highlights our current knowledge on the role of demethylases, their importance in cardiac development and pathophysiology and provides evidence for the use of pharmacological inhibitors to combat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Davis
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America.
| | - Presley Azarcon
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Samuel Hickenlooper
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Ryan Bia
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Emilee Horiuchi
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Marta W Szulik
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Sarah Franklin
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America.
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35
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Menyhárt O, Győrffy B. Multi-omics approaches in cancer research with applications in tumor subtyping, prognosis, and diagnosis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:949-960. [PMID: 33613862 PMCID: PMC7868685 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While cost-effective high-throughput technologies provide an increasing amount of data, the analyses of single layers of data seldom provide causal relations. Multi-omics data integration strategies across different cellular function levels, including genomes, epigenomes, transcriptomes, proteomes, metabolomes, and microbiomes offer unparalleled opportunities to understand the underlying biology of complex diseases, such as cancer. We review some of the most frequently used data integration methods and outline research areas where multi-omics significantly benefit our understanding of the process and outcome of the malignant transformation. We discuss algorithmic frameworks developed to reveal cancer subtypes, disease mechanisms, and methods for identifying driver genomic alterations and consider the significance of multi-omics in tumor classifications, diagnostics, and prognostications. We provide a comprehensive summary of each omics strategy's most recent advances within the clinical context and discuss the main challenges facing their clinical implementations. Despite its unparalleled advantages, multi-omics data integration is slow to enter everyday clinics. One major obstacle is the uneven maturity of different omics approaches and the growing gap between generating large volumes of data compared to data processing capacity. Progressive initiatives to enforce the standardization of sample processing and analytical pipelines, multidisciplinary training of experts for data analysis and interpretation are vital to facilitate the translatability of theoretical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otília Menyhárt
- Semmelweis University, Department of Bioinformatics and 2 Department of Pediatrics, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Semmelweis University, Department of Bioinformatics and 2 Department of Pediatrics, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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36
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Jones K, Zhang Y, Kong Y, Farah E, Wang R, Li C, Wang X, Zhang Z, Wang J, Mao F, Liu X, Liu J. Epigenetics in prostate cancer treatment. JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL GENETICS AND GENOMICS 2021; 5:341-356. [PMID: 35372800 PMCID: PMC8974353 DOI: 10.20517/jtgg.2021.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among men, and the progression of this disease results in fewer treatment options available to clinical patients. It highlights the vital necessity for discovering novel therapeutic approaches and expanding the current understanding of molecular mechanisms. Epigenetic alternations such as DNA methylation models and histone modifications have been associated as key drivers in the development and advancement of PCa. Several studies have been conducted and demonstrated that targeting these epigenetic enzymes or regulatory proteins has been strongly associated with the regulation of cancer cell growth. Due to the success rate of these therapeutic routes in pre-clinical settings, many drugs have now advanced to clinical testing, where efficacy will be measured. This review will discuss the role of epigenetic modifications in PCa development and its function in the progression of the disease to resistant forms and introduce therapeutic strategies that have demonstrated successful results as PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Jones
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yanquan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yifan Kong
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Elia Farah
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ruixin Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Chaohao Li
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - ZhuangZhuang Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jianlin Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Fengyi Mao
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jinghui Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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37
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Leng X, Liu M, Tao D, Yang B, Zhang Y, He T, Xie S, Wang Z, Liu Y, Yang Y. Epigenetic modification-dependent androgen receptor occupancy facilitates the ectopic TSPY1 expression in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:691-702. [PMID: 33185915 PMCID: PMC7894013 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Testis‐specific protein Y‐encoded 1 (TSPY1), a Y chromosome‐linked oncogene, is frequently activated in prostate cancers (PCa) and its expression is correlated with the poor prognosis of PCa. However, the cause of the ectopic transcription of TSPY1 in PCa remains unclear. Here, we observed that the methylation status in the CpG islands (CGI) of the TSPY1 promoter was negatively correlated with its expression level in different human samples. The acetyl‐histone H4 and trimethylated histone H3‐lysine 4, two post–translational modifications of histones occupying the TSPY1 promoter, facilitated the TSPY1 expression in PCa cells. In addition, we found that androgen accelerated the TSPY1 transcription on the condition of hypomethylated of TSPY1‐CGI and promoted PCa cell proliferation. Moreover, the binding of androgen receptor (AR) to the TSPY1 promoter, enhancing TSPY1 transcription, was detected in PCa cells. Taken together, our findings identified the regulation of DNA methylation, acting as a primary mechanism, on TSPY1 expression in PCa, and revealed that TSPY1 is an androgen‐AR axis‐regulated oncogene, suggesting a novel and potential target for PCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyou Leng
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mohan Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dachang Tao
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangwei Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianrong He
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyu Xie
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaokun Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunqiang Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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38
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Ragia G, Manolopoulos VG. Assessing COVID-19 susceptibility through analysis of the genetic and epigenetic diversity of ACE2-mediated SARS-CoV-2 entry. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 21:1311-1329. [PMID: 33243086 PMCID: PMC7694444 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is considerable variation in disease course among individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Many of them do not exhibit any symptoms, while some others proceed to develop COVID-19; however, severity of COVID-19 symptoms greatly differs among individuals. Focusing on the early events related to SARS-CoV-2 entry to cells through the ACE2 pathway, we describe how variability in (epi)genetic factors can conceivably explain variability in disease course. We specifically focus on variations in ACE2, TMPRSS2 and FURIN genes, as central components for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and on other molecules that modulate their expression such as CALM, ADAM-17, AR and ESRs. We propose a genetic classifier for predicting SARS-CoV-2 infectivity potential as a preliminary tool for identifying the at-risk-population. This tool can serve as a dynamic scaffold being updated and adapted to validated (epi)genetic data. Overall, the proposed approach holds potential for better personalization of COVID-19 handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Ragia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Vangelis G Manolopoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece.,Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics Unit, Academic General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
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39
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Li J, Yuan S, Norgard RJ, Yan F, Sun YH, Kim IK, Merrell AJ, Sela Y, Jiang Y, Bhanu NV, Garcia BA, Vonderheide RH, Blanco A, Stanger BZ. Epigenetic and Transcriptional Control of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Regulates the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Discov 2020; 11:736-753. [PMID: 33158848 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer care, patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) rarely respond to these treatments, a failure that is attributed to poor infiltration and activation of T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We performed an in vivo CRISPR screen and identified lysine demethylase 3A (KDM3A) as a potent epigenetic regulator of immunotherapy response in PDA. Mechanistically, KDM3A acts through Krueppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) and SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4) to regulate the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Ablation of KDM3A, KLF5, SMAD4, or EGFR in tumor cells altered the immune TME and sensitized tumors to combination immunotherapy, whereas treatment of established tumors with an EGFR inhibitor, erlotinib, prompted a dose-dependent increase in intratumoral T cells. This study defines an epigenetic-transcriptional mechanism by which tumor cells modulate their immune microenvironment and highlights the potential of EGFR inhibitors as immunotherapy sensitizers in PDA. SIGNIFICANCE: PDA remains refractory to immunotherapies. Here, we performed an in vivo CRISPR screen and identified an epigenetic-transcriptional network that regulates antitumor immunity by converging on EGFR. Pharmacologic inhibition of EGFR is sufficient to rewire the immune microenvironment. These results offer a readily accessible immunotherapy-sensitizing strategy for PDA.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 521.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Salina Yuan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert J Norgard
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fangxue Yan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yu H Sun
- Center for RNA Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Il-Kyu Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Allyson J Merrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yogev Sela
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yanqing Jiang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Natarajan V Bhanu
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert H Vonderheide
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrés Blanco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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40
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Han C, Yu G, Mao Y, Song S, Li L, Zhou L, Wang Z, Liu Y, Li M, Xu B. LPCAT1 enhances castration resistant prostate cancer progression via increased mRNA synthesis and PAF production. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240801. [PMID: 33137125 PMCID: PMC7605678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previously study shown that Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase1 (LPCAT1) is overexpressed in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) relative to primary prostate cancer (PCa), and androgen controls its expression via the Wnt signaling pathway. While highly expressed in CRPC, the role of LPCAT1 remains unclear. In vitro cell experiments referred to cell transfection, mutagenesis, proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle progression and apoptosis, Western blotting, Pulse-chase RNA labeling. BALB/c nude mice were used for in vivo experiments. We found that LPCAT1 overexpression enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRPC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Silencing of LPCAT1 reduced the proliferation and the invasive capabilities of CRPC cells. Providing exogenous PAF to LPCAT1 knockdown cells increased their invasive capabilities; however platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) and the PAFR antagonist ABT-491 both reversed this phenotype; proliferation of CRPC cells was not affected in either model. LPCAT1 was found to mediate CRPC growth via nuclear re-localization and Histone H4 palmitoylation in an androgen-dependent fashion, increasing mRNA synthesis rates. We also found that LPCAT1 overexpression led to CRPC cell resistance to treatment with paclitaxel. LPCAT1 overexpression in CRPC cells drives tumor progression via increased mRNA synthesis and PAF production. Our results highlight LPCAT1 as a viable therapeutic target in the context of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guopeng Yu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanshen Mao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangqing Song
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushan Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (BX); (YL); (ML)
| | - Minglun Li
- Urologic and Hematologic Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail: (BX); (YL); (ML)
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (BX); (YL); (ML)
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Oh S, Song H, Freeman WM, Shin S, Janknecht R. Cooperation between ETS transcription factor ETV1 and histone demethylase JMJD1A in colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:1319-1332. [PMID: 33174020 PMCID: PMC7646594 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ETS variant 1 (ETV1) is an oncogenic transcription factor. However, its role in colorectal cancer has remained understudied. The present study demonstrated that ETV1 downregulation led to reduced HCT116 colorectal cancer cell growth and clonogenic activity. Furthermore, the ETV1 mRNA levels were enhanced in colorectal tumors and were associated with disease severity. In addition, ETV1 directly bound to Jumonji C domain-containing (JMJD) 1A, a histone demethylase known to promote colon cancer. ETV1 and JMJD1A, but not a catalytically inactive mutant thereof, cooperated in inducing the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1 gene promoter that was similar to the cooperation between ETV1 and another histone demethylase, JMJD2A. RNA-sequencing revealed multiple potential ETV1 target genes in HCT116 cells, including the FOXQ1 and TBX6 transcription factor genes. Moreover, JMJD1A co-regulated FOXQ1 and other ETV1 target genes, but not TBX6, whereas JMJD2A downregulation had no impact on FOXQ1 as well as TBX6 transcription. Accordingly, the FOXQ1 gene promoter was stimulated by ETV1 and JMJD1A in a cooperative manner, and both ETV1 and JMJD1A bound to the FOXQ1 promoter. Notably, the overexpression of FOXQ1 partially reversed the growth inhibitory effects of ETV1 ablation on HCT116 cells, whereas TBX6 impaired HCT116 cell growth and may thereby dampen the oncogenic activity of ETV1. The latter also revealed for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a potential tumor suppressive function of TBX6. Taken together, the present study uncovered a ETV1/JMJD1A-FOXQ1 axis that may drive colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangphil Oh
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hoogeun Song
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | | | - Sook Shin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ralf Janknecht
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Zhang AL, Tang SF, Yang Y, Li CZ, Ding XJ, Zhao H, Wang JH, Yang GH, Li J. Histone demethylase JHDM2A regulates H3K9 dimethylation in response to arsenic-induced DNA damage and repair in normal human liver cells. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1661-1672. [PMID: 32608101 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Long-term arsenic exposure is a worldwide public health problem that causes serious harm to human health. The liver is the main target organ of arsenic toxicity; arsenic induces disruption of the DNA damage repair pathway, but its mechanisms remain unclear. In recent years, studies have found that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in arsenic-induced lesions. In this study, we conducted experiments in vitro using normal human liver cells (L-02) to explore the mechanism by which the histone demethylase JHDM2A regulates H3K9 dimethylation (me2) in response to arsenic-induced DNA damage. Our results indicated that arsenic exposure upregulated the expression of JHDM2A, downregulated global H3K9me2 modification levels, increased the H3K9me2 levels at the promoters of base excision repair (BER) genes (N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase [MPG], XRCC1 and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1) and inhibited their expression levels, causing DNA damage in cells. In addition, we studied the effects of overexpression and inhibition of JHDM2A and found that JHDM2A can participate in the molecular mechanism of arsenic-induced DNA damage via the BER pathway, which may not be involved in the BER process because H3K9me2 levels at the promoter region of the BER genes were unchanged following JHDM2A interference. These results suggest a potential mechanism by which JHDM2A can regulate the MPG and XRCC1 genes in the process of responding to DNA damage induced by arsenic exposure and can participate in the process of DNA damage repair, which provides a scientific basis for understanding the epigenetic mechanisms and treatments for endemic arsenic poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Liu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shun-Fang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chang-Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Ding
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi Medical College, Shangrao, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jun-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guang-Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Arifuzzaman S, Khatun MR, Khatun R. Emerging of lysine demethylases (KDMs): From pathophysiological insights to novel therapeutic opportunities. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110392. [PMID: 32574968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there have been remarkable scientific advancements in the understanding of lysine demethylases (KDMs) because of their demethylation of diverse substrates, including nucleic acids and proteins. Novel structural architectures, physiological roles in the gene expression regulation, and ability to modify protein functions made KDMs the topic of interest in biomedical research. These structural diversities allow them to exert their function either alone or in complex with numerous other bio-macromolecules. Impressive number of studies have demonstrated that KDMs are localized dynamically across the cellular and tissue microenvironment. Their dysregulation is often associated with human diseases, such as cancer, immune disorders, neurological disorders, and developmental abnormalities. Advancements in the knowledge of the underlying biochemistry and disease associations have led to the development of a series of modulators and technical compounds. Given the distinct biophysical and biochemical properties of KDMs, in this review we have focused on advances related to the structure, function, disease association, and therapeutic targeting of KDMs highlighting improvements in both the specificity and efficacy of KDM modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarder Arifuzzaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh; Everest Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Dhaka-1208, Bangladesh.
| | - Mst Reshma Khatun
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
| | - Rabeya Khatun
- Department of Pediatrics, TMSS Medical College and Rafatullah Community Hospital, Gokul, Bogura, 5800, Bangladesh
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44
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Jeon HY, Hussain A, Qi J. Role of H3K9 demethylases in DNA double-strand break repair. JOURNAL OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2020; 1:10-15. [PMID: 32696030 DOI: 10.46439/cancerbiology.1.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
H3K9 demethylases can remove the repressive H3K9 methylation marks on histones to alter chromatin structure, gene transcription and epigenetic state of cells. By counteracting the function of H3K9 methyltransferases, H3K9 demethylases have been shown to play an important role in numerous biological processes, including diseases such as cancer. Recent evidence points to a key role for some H3K9 demethylases in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) via homologous recombination (HR) and/or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways. Mechanistically, H3K9 demethylases can upregulate the expression of DNA repair factors. They can also be recruited to the DNA damage sites and regulate the recruitment or function of DNA repair factors. Here, we will discuss the role and mechanisms of H3K9 demethylases in the regulation of DSB repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Young Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arif Hussain
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jianfei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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45
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Xu S, Fan L, Jeon HY, Zhang F, Cui X, Mickle MB, Peng G, Hussain A, Fazli L, Gleave ME, Dong X, Qi J. p300-Mediated Acetylation of Histone Demethylase JMJD1A Prevents Its Degradation by Ubiquitin Ligase STUB1 and Enhances Its Activity in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3074-3087. [PMID: 32522824 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) pathway plays a central role in the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The histone demethylase JMJD1A has been shown to regulate activities of AR and c-Myc transcription factors and promote prostate cancer progression. Here, we report that JMJD1A protein stability is controlled by the ubiquitin ligase STUB1. High levels of JMJD1A were strongly correlated with low STUB1 levels in human CRPC specimens. STUB1 inhibited AR activity, AR-V7 levels, and prostate cancer cell growth partly through degradation of JMJD1A. Furthermore, the acetyltransferase p300 acetylated JMJD1A at lysine (K) 421, a modification that recruits the BET family member BRD4 to block JMJD1A degradation and promote JMJD1A recruitment to AR targets. Increased levels of both total and K421-acetylated JMJD1A were observed in prostate cancer cells as they developed resistance to the AR antagonist enzalutamide. Treatment of prostate cancer cells with either p300 or BET inhibitors destabilized JMJD1A, and enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells were more sensitive than parental cells to these inhibitors. Together, our findings identify a critical role for acetylation of JMJD1A in regulating JMJD1A stability and AR activity in CRPC. These newly identified mechanisms controlling JMJD1A protein stability provide potential druggable targets to encourage the development of additional therapies for advanced prostate cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: Identification of mechanisms regulating JMJD1A protein stability reveals new strategies to destabilize JMJD1A and concomitantly inhibit AR activities as potential prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhui Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lingling Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hee-Young Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fengbo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - McKayla B Mickle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Guihong Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Arif Hussain
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland.,Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xuesen Dong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jianfei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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46
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JMJD1A Represses the Development of Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy by Regulating the Expression of Catalase. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5081323. [PMID: 32461996 PMCID: PMC7243027 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5081323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The histone demethylase JMJD family is involved in various physiological and pathological functions. However, the roles of JMJD1A in the cardiovascular system remain unknown. Here, we studied the function of JMJD1A in cardiac hypertrophy. The mRNA and protein levels of JMJD1A were significantly downregulated in the hearts of human patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the hearts of C57BL/6 mice underwent cardiac hypertrophy induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery or isoproterenol (ISO) infusion. In neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs), siRNA-mediated JMJD1A knockdown facilitated ISO or angiotensin II-induced increase in cardiomyocyte size, protein synthesis, and expression of hypertrophic fetal genes, including atrial natriuretic peptide (Anp), brain natriuretic peptide (Bnp), and Myh7. By contrast, overexpression of JMJD1A with adenovirus repressed the development of ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. We observed that JMJD1A reduced the production of total cellular and mitochondrial levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was critically involved in the effects of JMJD1A because either N-acetylcysteine or MitoTEMPO treatment blocked the effects of JMJD1A deficiency on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Mechanism study demonstrated that JMJD1A promoted the expression and activity of Catalase under basal condition or oxidative stress. siRNA-mediated loss of Catalase blocked the protection of JMJD1A overexpression against ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. These findings demonstrated that JMJD1A loss promoted cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in a Catalase and ROS-dependent manner.
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47
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Lysine-specific demethylase 3A is important for autophagic occurrence. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:176-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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48
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Yoo J, Jeon YH, Cho HY, Lee SW, Kim GW, Lee DH, Kwon SH. Advances in Histone Demethylase KDM3A as a Cancer Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051098. [PMID: 32354028 PMCID: PMC7280979 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific histone demethylase 3 (KDM3) subfamily proteins are H3K9me2/me1 histone demethylases that promote gene expression. The KDM3 subfamily primarily consists of four proteins (KDM3A−D). All four proteins contain the catalytic Jumonji C domain (JmjC) at their C-termini, but whether KDM3C has demethylase activity is under debate. In addition, KDM3 proteins contain a zinc-finger domain for DNA binding and an LXXLL motif for interacting with nuclear receptors. Of the KDM3 proteins, KDM3A is especially deregulated or overexpressed in multiple cancers, making it a potential cancer therapeutic target. However, no KDM3A-selective inhibitors have been identified to date because of the lack of structural information. Uncovering the distinct physiological and pathological functions of KDM3A and their structure will give insight into the development of novel selective inhibitors. In this review, we focus on recent studies highlighting the oncogenic functions of KDM3A in cancer. We also discuss existing KDM3A-related inhibitors and review their potential as therapeutic agents for overcoming cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (J.Y.); (Y.H.J.); (H.Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (G.W.K.); (D.H.L.)
| | - Yu Hyun Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (J.Y.); (Y.H.J.); (H.Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (G.W.K.); (D.H.L.)
| | - Ha Young Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (J.Y.); (Y.H.J.); (H.Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (G.W.K.); (D.H.L.)
| | - Sang Wu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (J.Y.); (Y.H.J.); (H.Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (G.W.K.); (D.H.L.)
| | - Go Woon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (J.Y.); (Y.H.J.); (H.Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (G.W.K.); (D.H.L.)
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (J.Y.); (Y.H.J.); (H.Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (G.W.K.); (D.H.L.)
| | - So Hee Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (J.Y.); (Y.H.J.); (H.Y.C.); (S.W.L.); (G.W.K.); (D.H.L.)
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-749-4513
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49
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Fan L, Xu S, Zhang F, Cui X, Fazli L, Gleave M, Clark DJ, Yang A, Hussain A, Rassool F, Qi J. Histone demethylase JMJD1A promotes expression of DNA repair factors and radio-resistance of prostate cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:214. [PMID: 32238799 PMCID: PMC7113292 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) pathway is a promising target for anticancer therapies. The androgen receptor and myeloblastosis transcription factors have been reported to regulate expression of an overlapping set of DDR genes in prostate cancer cells. Here, we found that histone demethylase JMJD1A regulates expression of a different set of DDR genes largely through c-Myc. Inhibition of JMJD1A delayed the resolution of γ-H2AX foci, reduced the formation of foci containing ubiquitin, 53BP1, BRCA1 or Rad51, and inhibited the reporter activity of double-strand break (DSB) repair. Mechanistically, JMJD1A regulated expression of DDR genes by increasing not only the level but also the chromatin recruitment of c-Myc through H3K9 demethylation. Further, we found that ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 induced the K27-/K29-linked noncanonical ubiquitination of JMJD1A at lysine-918. Ablation of the JMJD1A noncanonical ubiquitination lowered DDR gene expression, impaired DSB repair, and sensitized response of prostate cells to irradiation, topoisomerase inhibitors or PARP inhibitors. Thus, development of agents that target JMJD1A or its noncanonical ubiquitination may sensitize the response of prostate cancer to radiotherapy and possibly also genotoxic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Songhui Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fengbo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 110001, Shenyang, China
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David J Clark
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Austin Yang
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arif Hussain
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Feyruz Rassool
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jianfei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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50
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Lu C, Brown LC, Antonarakis ES, Armstrong AJ, Luo J. Androgen receptor variant-driven prostate cancer II: advances in laboratory investigations. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2020; 23:381-397. [PMID: 32139878 PMCID: PMC7725416 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-020-0217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: The androgen receptor (AR) is a key prostate cancer drug target.
Suppression of AR signaling mediated by the full-length AR (AR-FL) is the
therapeutic goal of all existing AR-directed therapies. AR-targeting agents
impart therapeutic benefit, but lead to AR aberrations that underlie disease
progression and therapeutic resistance. Among the AR aberrations specific to
castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), AR variants (AR-Vs) have
emerged as important indicators of disease progression and therapeutic
resistance. Methods: We conducted a systemic review of the literature focusing on recent
laboratory studies on AR-Vs following our last review article published in
2016. Topics ranged from measurement and detection, molecular origin,
regulation, genomic function, and preclinical therapeutic targeting of
AR-Vs. We provide expert opinions and perspectives on these topics. Results: Transcript sequences for 22 AR-Vs have been reported in the
literature. Different AR-Vs may arise through different mechanisms, and can
be regulated by splicing factors and dictated by genomic rearrangements, but
a low-androgen environment is a prerequisite for generation of AR-Vs. The
unique transcript structures allowed development of in-situ and in-solution
measurement and detection methods, including mRNA and protein detection, in
both tissue and blood specimens. AR variant-7 (AR-V7) remains the main
measurement target and the most extensively characterized AR-V. Although
AR-V7 co-exists with AR-FL, genomic functions mediated by AR-V7 do not
require the presence of AR-FL. The distinct cistromes and transcriptional
programs directed by AR-V7 and their co-regulators are consistent with
genomic features of progressive disease in a low-androgen environment.
Preclinical development of AR-V-directed agents currently focuses on
suppression of mRNA expression and protein degradation as well as targeting
of the amino-terminal domain. Conclusions: Current literature continues to support AR-Vs as biomarkers and
therapeutic targets in prostate cancer. Laboratory investigations reveal
both challenges and opportunities in targeting AR-Vs to overcome resistance
to current AR-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxue Lu
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Landon C Brown
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Divisions of Medical Oncology and Urology, Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Armstrong
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Divisions of Medical Oncology and Urology, Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Departments of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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