1
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Luo H, Jing H, Chen W. An extensive overview of the role of lncRNAs generated from immune cells in the etiology of cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112063. [PMID: 38677091 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the control of critical tumor-suppressor and oncogenic pathways in cancer. These types of non-coding RNAs could affect both immune and cancer cells. The thorough analysis of lncRNAs derived from immune cells and the incorporation of new findings significantly advance our understanding of the complex role of lncRNAs in the context of cancer. This work highlights the promise of lncRNAs for translational therapeutic approaches while also establishing a solid foundation for comprehending the complex link between lncRNAs and cancer through a coherent narrative. The main findings of this article are that types of lncRNAs derived from immune cells, such as MM2P and MALAT1, can affect the behaviors of cancer cells, like invasion, angiogenesis, and proliferation. As research in this area grows, the therapeutic potential of targeting these lncRNAs offers promising opportunities for expanding our understanding of cancer biology and developing cutting-edge, precision-based therapies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Department of Oncology, Yancheng Branch of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Hailiang Jing
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Yancheng Branch of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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2
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Zabeti Touchaei A, Vahidi S. MicroRNAs as regulators of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy: targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:102. [PMID: 38462628 PMCID: PMC10926683 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the power of the immune system to eliminate tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) block negative regulatory signals that prevent T cells from attacking cancer cells. Two key ICIs target the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, which includes programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1). Another ICI targets cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). While ICIs have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in various malignancies, only a subset of patients respond favorably. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, play a crucial role in modulating immune checkpoints, including PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. This review summarizes the latest advancements in immunotherapy, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoints and the regulatory role of miRNAs in modulating these pathways. Consequently, understanding the complex interplay between miRNAs and immune checkpoints is essential for developing more effective and personalized immunotherapy strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sogand Vahidi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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3
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Hong Q, Ding S, Xing C, Mu Z. Advances in tumor immune microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A review of literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37387. [PMID: 38428879 PMCID: PMC10906580 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma is seen as principal malignancy of head and neck. Tumor immune microenvironment plays a vital role in the occurrence, development and treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The effect of immunotherapy, in particular, is closely related to tumor immune microenvironment. This review searched for high-quality literature included within PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus using the keywords "head and neck cancers," "tumor microenvironment" and "immunotherapy," with the view to summarizing the characteristics of HNSCC immune microenvironment and how various subsets of immune cells promote tumorigenesis. At the same time, based on the favorable prospects of immunotherapy having been shown currently, the study is committed to pinpointing the latest progress of HNSCC immunotherapy, which is of great significance in not only further guiding the diagnosis and treatment of HNSCC, but also conducting its prognostic judgement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Shun Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Chengliang Xing
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhonglin Mu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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4
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Liu H, Tang L, Li Y, Xie W, Zhang L, Tang H, Xiao T, Yang H, Gu W, Wang H, Chen P. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: current views on the tumor microenvironment's impact on drug resistance and clinical outcomes. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:20. [PMID: 38254110 PMCID: PMC10802008 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) exhibits significant variations across different ethnic groups and geographical regions, with Southeast Asia and North Africa being endemic areas. Of note, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is closely associated with almost all of the undifferentiated NPC cases. Over the past three decades, radiation therapy and chemotherapy have formed the cornerstone of NPC treatment. However, recent advancements in immunotherapy have introduced a range of promising approaches for managing NPC. In light of these developments, it has become evident that a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial. The TME serves a dual function, acting as a promoter of tumorigenesis while also orchestrating immunosuppression, thereby facilitating cancer progression and enabling immune evasion. Consequently, a comprehensive comprehension of the TME and its intricate involvement in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of NPC is imperative for the development of effective anticancer drugs. Moreover, given the complexity of TME and the inter-patient heterogeneity, personalized treatment should be designed to maximize therapeutic efficacy and circumvent drug resistance. This review aims to provide an in-depth exploration of the TME within the context of EBV-induced NPC, with a particular emphasis on its pivotal role in regulating intercellular communication and shaping treatment responses. Additionally, the review offers a concise summary of drug resistance mechanisms and potential strategies for their reversal, specifically in relation to chemoradiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Furthermore, recent advances in clinical trials pertaining to NPC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Liu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yanxian Li
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wenji Xie
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Xiao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hongmin Yang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wangning Gu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Pan Chen
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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5
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Siak PY, Heng WS, Teoh SSH, Lwin YY, Cheah SC. Precision medicine in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: comprehensive review of past, present, and future prospect. J Transl Med 2023; 21:786. [PMID: 37932756 PMCID: PMC10629096 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive malignancy with high propensity for lymphatic spread and distant metastasis. It is prominent as an endemic malignancy in Southern China and Southeast Asia regions. Studies on NPC pathogenesis mechanism in the past decades such as through Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection and oncogenic molecular aberrations have explored several potential targets for therapy and diagnosis. The EBV infection introduces oncoviral proteins that consequently hyperactivate many promitotic pathways and block cell-death inducers. EBV infection is so prevalent in NPC patients such that EBV serological tests were used to diagnose and screen NPC patients. On the other hand, as the downstream effectors of oncogenic mechanisms, the promitotic pathways can potentially be exploited therapeutically. With the apparent heterogeneity and distinct molecular aberrations of NPC tumor, the focus has turned into a more personalized treatment in NPC. Herein in this comprehensive review, we depict the current status of screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in NPC. Subsequently, based on the limitations on those aspects, we look at their potential improvements in moving towards the path of precision medicine. The importance of recent advances on the key molecular aberration involved in pathogenesis of NPC for precision medicine progression has also been reported in the present review. Besides, the challenge and future outlook of NPC management will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yan Siak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Win Sen Heng
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Sharon Siew Hoon Teoh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Yu Yu Lwin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Medicine, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Shiau-Chuen Cheah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
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6
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Abbaszadeh M, Karimi M, Rajaei S. The landscape of non-coding RNAs in the immunopathogenesis of Endometriosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1223828. [PMID: 37675122 PMCID: PMC10477370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a complex disorder that is characterized by the abnormal growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. It is associated with chronic inflammation, severe pelvic pain, infertility, and significantly reduced quality of life. Although the exact mechanism of endometriosis remains unknown, inflammation and altered immunity are considered key factors in the immunopathogenesis of the disorder. Disturbances of immune responses result in reduced clearance of regurgitated endometrial cells, which elicits oxidative stress and progression of inflammation. Proinflammatory mediators could affect immune cells' recruitment, fate, and function. Reciprocally, the activation of immune cells can promote inflammation. Aberrant expression of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in patient and animal lesions could be suggestive of their role in endometriosis establishment. The engagement of these RNAs in regulating diverse biological processes, including inflammatory responses and activation of inflammasomes, altered immunity, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis are widespread and far-reaching. Therefore, ncRNAs can be identified as a determining candidate regulating the inflammatory responses and immune system. This review aims in addition to predict the role of ncRNAs in the immunopathogenesis of endometriosis through regulating inflammation and altered immunity based on previous studies, it presents a comprehensive view of inflammation role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samira Rajaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Pan X, Li C, Feng J. The role of LncRNAs in tumor immunotherapy. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:30. [PMID: 36810034 PMCID: PMC9942365 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a major breakthrough in the history of tumor therapy in the last decade. Immune checkpoint inhibitors blocking CTLA-4/B7 or PD-1/PD-L1 pathways have greatly prolonged the survival of patients with different cancers. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abnormally expressed in tumors and play an important role in tumor immunotherapy through immune regulation and immunotherapy resistance. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms of lncRNAs in regulating gene expression and well-studied immune checkpoint pathways. The crucial regulatory function of immune-related lncRNAs in cancer immunotherapy was also described. Further understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these lncRNAs is of great importance to the development of taking lncRNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenchen Li
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Saadi W, Fatmi A, Pallardó FV, García-Giménez JL, Mena-Molla S. Long Non-Coding RNAs as Epigenetic Regulators of Immune Checkpoints in Cancer Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010184. [PMID: 36612180 PMCID: PMC9819025 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cancer treatment has undergone significant changes, predominantly in the shift towards immunotherapeutic strategies using immune checkpoint inhibitors. Despite the clinical efficacy of many of these inhibitors, the overall response rate remains modest, and immunotherapies for many cancers have proved ineffective, highlighting the importance of knowing the tumor microenvironment and heterogeneity of each malignancy in patients. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have attracted increasing attention for their ability to control various biological processes by targeting different molecular pathways. Some lncRNAs have a regulatory role in immune checkpoints, suggesting they might be utilized as a target for immune checkpoint treatment. The focus of this review is to describe relevant lncRNAs and their targets and functions to understand key regulatory mechanisms that may contribute in regulating immune checkpoints. We also provide the state of the art on super-enhancers lncRNAs (selncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), which have recently been reported as modulators of immune checkpoint molecules within the framework of human cancer. Other feasible mechanisms of interaction between lncRNAs and immune checkpoints are also reported, along with the use of miRNAs and circRNAs, in generating new tumor immune microenvironments, which can further help avoid tumor evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiam Saadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature, Life and Earth Sciences, University of Djillali Bounaama, Khemis Miliana 44225, Algeria
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (S.M.-M.)
| | - Ahlam Fatmi
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Federico V. Pallardó
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis García-Giménez
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Mena-Molla
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (S.M.-M.)
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9
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Chow CY, Lie EF, Wu CH, Chow LW. Clinical implication of genetic composition and molecular mechanism on treatment strategies of HER2-positive breast cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:964824. [PMID: 36387174 PMCID: PMC9659858 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.964824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The current clinical management model of HER2-positive breast cancers is commonly based on guidelines, which in turn are based on the design and outcome of clinical trials. While this model is useful to most practicing clinicians, the treatment outcome of individual patient is not certain at the start of treatment. As the understanding of the translational research of carcinogenesis and the related changes in cancer genetics and tumor microenvironment during treatment is critical in the selection of right choice of treatment to maximize the successful clinical outcome for the patient, this review article intends to discuss the latest developments in the genetic and molecular mechanisms of cancer progression and treatment resistance, and how they influence the planning of the treatment strategies of HER2-positive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Y.C. Chow
- UNIMED Medical Institute, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Cheng-Hsun Wu
- Department of Anatomy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Louis W.C. Chow
- UNIMED Medical Institute, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Organisation for Oncology and Translational Research, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Louis W.C. Chow,
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10
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Fan C, Xiong F, Tang Y, Li P, Zhu K, Mo Y, Wang Y, Zhang S, Gong Z, Liao Q, Li G, Zeng Z, Guo C, Xiong W, Huang H. Construction of a lncRNA–mRNA Co-Expression Network for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:809760. [PMID: 35875165 PMCID: PMC9302896 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.809760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) widely regulate gene expression and play important roles in the pathogenesis of human diseases, including malignant tumors. However, the functions of most lncRNAs remain to be elucidated. In order to study and screen novel lncRNAs with important functions in the carcinogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), we constructed a lncRNA expression profile of 10 NPC tissues and 6 controls through a gene microarray. We identified 1,276 lncRNAs, of which most are unknown, with different expression levels in the healthy and NPC tissues. In order to shed light on the functions of these unknown lncRNAs, we first constructed a co-expression network of lncRNAs and mRNAs using bioinformatics and systematic biological approach. Moreover, mRNAs were clustered and enriched by their biological functions, and those lncRNAs have similar expression trends with mRNAs were defined as functional molecules with potential biological significance. The module may help identify key lncRNAs in the carcinogenesis of NPC and provide clues for in-depth study of their functions and associated signaling pathways. We suggest the newly identified lncRNAs may have clinic value as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NPC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Panchun Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kunjie Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongzhen Mo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaojiang Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Xiong, ; He Huang,
| | - He Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Xiong, ; He Huang,
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11
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Jia H, Xie X, Wang L, Wang L, Che F. IFN- γ induces PD-L1 through p38/JNK/ERK signaling pathways and counteracts the tumor promoting effect mediated by PD-L1 in Glioblastoma. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:5492602. [PMID: 35814563 PMCID: PMC9259257 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5492602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most malignant primary glioma. Conventional treatment methods that include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have a limited curative effect on the tumor. With the deepening of molecular biology research, molecular targeted therapy has opened a new era of tumor therapy. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been proved to play a pivotal role in the tumor immune evasion process. Previous studies have confirmed the specific expression of PD-L1 in glioblastoma tissues and cells, but there are few studies on inflammation regulating PD-L1 in glioblastoma. In this study, real-time PCR, flow cytometry, and western blot were applied to detect PD-L1 in glioblastoma cells. Short hairpin RNA was used to knock down PD-L1 in glioblastoma cells. Cell counting kit-8 experiment and wound-healing assay were used to detect the proliferation and migration of glioblastoma cells. Here we demonstrated that PD-L1 was overexpressed in glioblastoma cells, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) induces PD-L1 in glioblastoma cells via activating p38/JNK/ERK signaling pathways. To summarize, PD-L1 promotes the occurrence and development of glioblastoma. IFN-γ counteracts the tumor-promoting effects mediated by PD-L1 in glioblastoma. IFN-γ regulates PD-L1 through multiple signaling pathways, but the total effect of IFN-γ-mediated inflammatory signals still need to be further explored in glioblastoma. PD-L1 enhances the proliferation and migration of glioblastoma cells by regulating CDK4, CDK6, MMP-2, and vimentin molecules. Most importantly, targeting PD-L1 can be applied in the treatment of glioblastoma. We speculate that IFN-γ may affect glioblastoma through other pathways, and we will continue to further explore the mechanisms in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafang Jia
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Long Wang
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Fengyuan Che
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
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12
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Chen ML, Fan L, Huang GR, Sun ZF. lncRNA EGFR-AS1 facilitates leiomyosarcoma progression and immune escape via the EGFR-MYC-PD-L1 axis. Int Immunol 2022; 34:365-377. [PMID: 35485964 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM this study was aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA EGFR-AS1, an antisense transcript of EGFR, in leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and the underling mechanisms. METHODS levels of EGFR-AS1 and PD-L1 were measured in LMS tissues and cell lines using qRT-PCR, as well as western blotting and/or immunohistochemical staining; flow cytometry was employed to validate the role of EGFR-AS1 on altering the activity of CD8 + T cells; interaction of EGFR-AS1 and EGFR was determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and RNA pull-down; regulation of MYC on PD-L1 promoter was assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP); a xenograft in vivo tumor growth assay was applied to verify the EGFR-AS1/EGFR/MYC/PD-L1 axis in vivo. RESULTS up-regulation of EGFR-AS1 and PD-L1 in LMS tissues was negatively correlated with CD8 + T cell infiltration; EGFR-AS1 positively regulated PD-L1, thereby strengthening interaction of LMS cells and CD8 + T cells and triggering CD8 + T cells apoptosis via the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint; EGFR-AS1 co-localized and interacted with EGFR to promote MYC activity; MYC was identified as a transcriptional activator of PD-L1. CONCLUSION lncRNA EGFR-AS1 was demonstrated to increase PD-L1 expression through the EGFR/MYC pathway in LMS cells, thereby repressing T cell infiltration and contributing to immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Chen
- Biomedical Engineering College, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, P.R. China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, P.R. China.,Gynecology department, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518100, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Li Fan
- Gynecology department, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Rong Huang
- Gynecology department, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518100, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Feng Sun
- Biomedical Engineering College, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, P.R. China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, P.R. China.,Hubei clinical research center for reproductive medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, P.R.China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, P.R.China
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13
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Jiang Y, Zhao L, Wu Y, Deng S, Cao P, Lei X, Yang X. The Role of NcRNAs to Regulate Immune Checkpoints in Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:853480. [PMID: 35464451 PMCID: PMC9019622 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.853480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, the incidence of cancer is becoming more and more common, but its treatment has always been a problem. Although a small number of cancers can be treated, the recurrence rates are generally high and cannot be completely cured. At present, conventional cancer therapies mainly include chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which are the first-line therapies for most cancer patients, but there are palliatives. Approaches to cancer treatment are not as fast as cancer development. The current cancer treatments have not been effective in stopping the development of cancer, and cancer treatment needs to be imported into new strategies. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is a hot research topic at present. NcRNAs, which include microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), participate in all aspects of cancer biology. They are involved in the progression of tumors into a new form, including B-cell lymphoma, glioma, or the parenchymal tumors such as gastric cancer and colon cancer, among others. NcRNAs target various immune checkpoints to affect tumor proliferation, differentiation, and development. This might represent a new strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicun Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Leilei Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yiwen Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Sijun Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Pu Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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14
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García-Padilla C, Muñoz-Gallardo MDM, Lozano-Velasco E, Castillo-Casas JM, Caño-Carrillo S, García-López V, Aránega A, Franco D, García-Martínez V, López-Sánchez C. New Insights into the Roles of lncRNAs as Modulators of Cytoskeleton Architecture and Their Implications in Cellular Homeostasis and in Tumorigenesis. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8020028. [PMID: 35447891 PMCID: PMC9033079 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the cytoskeleton not only in cell architecture but also as a pivotal element in the transduction of signals that mediate multiple biological processes has recently been highlighted. Broadly, the cytoskeleton consists of three types of structural proteins: (1) actin filaments, involved in establishing and maintaining cell shape and movement; (2) microtubules, necessary to support the different organelles and distribution of chromosomes during cell cycle; and (3) intermediate filaments, which have a mainly structural function showing specificity for the cell type where they are expressed. Interaction between these protein structures is essential for the cytoskeletal mesh to be functional. Furthermore, the cytoskeleton is subject to intense spatio-temporal regulation mediated by the assembly and disassembly of its components. Loss of cytoskeleton homeostasis and integrity of cell focal adhesion are hallmarks of several cancer types. Recently, many reports have pointed out that lncRNAs could be critical mediators in cellular homeostasis controlling dynamic structure and stability of the network formed by cytoskeletal structures, specifically in different types of carcinomas. In this review, we summarize current information available about the roles of lncRNAs as modulators of actin dependent cytoskeleton and their impact on cancer pathogenesis. Finally, we explore other examples of cytoskeletal lncRNAs currently unrelated to tumorigenesis, to illustrate knowledge about them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos García-Padilla
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (M.d.M.M.-G.); (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.-P.); (C.L.-S.)
| | - María del Mar Muñoz-Gallardo
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (M.d.M.M.-G.); (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Velasco
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (M.d.M.M.-G.); (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Fundación Medina, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Castillo-Casas
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (M.d.M.M.-G.); (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
| | - Sheila Caño-Carrillo
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (M.d.M.M.-G.); (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
| | - Virginio García-López
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
| | - Amelia Aránega
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (M.d.M.M.-G.); (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Fundación Medina, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (M.d.M.M.-G.); (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Fundación Medina, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Virginio García-Martínez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
| | - Carmen López-Sánchez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.-P.); (C.L.-S.)
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15
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Effects of Cisplatin Combined with Metformin on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2056247. [PMID: 35422875 PMCID: PMC9005312 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2056247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an invasive squamous cell carcinoma located in the nasopharynx. NPC has a high recurrence risk after initial treatment due to its high metastatic and immune escape potential. One study has found that metformin can improve cancer outcomes and reduce cancer incidence. Objective With antitumor activity, metformin can have low toxicity when used in combination with some common chemotherapy drugs. This study was designed to explore the effects of cisplatin combined with metformin on the proliferation and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. Methods An appropriate cisplatin concentration was selected for NPC cells, and the cells were treated with metformin at a gradient concentration, and then, some of them were treated with cisplatin. Subsequently, the biological effects (activity, migration, invasion, and apoptosis) of metformin alone and metformin combined with cisplatin on NPC cells were evaluated. Results Metformin alone inhibited cell activity, migration, and invasion and promoted cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner, while compared with cisplatin alone, cisplatin combined with metformin had stronger inhibition on cell activity, migration, and invasion and stronger induction to cell apoptosis, and a higher concentration of them demonstrated stronger effects. Conclusion Cisplatin combined with metformin can strongly inhibit the activity of NPC cells and promote their apoptosis.
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16
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Prognostic Value of Programmed Death Ligand-1 Expression in Solid Tumors Irrespective of Immunotherapy Exposure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:153-168. [PMID: 35106739 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) pathway, which plays a crucial role in cancer immune surveillance, is the target of several approved immunotherapeutic agents and is used as a predictive biomarker in some solid tumors. However, its use as a prognostic marker (i.e., regardless of therapy used) is not established clearly with available data demonstrating inconsistent prognostic impact of PD-L1 expression in solid tumors. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search of electronic databases and identified publications exploring the effect of PD-L1 expression on overall survival and/or disease-free survival. Hazard ratios were pooled in a meta-analysis using generic inverse-variance and random-effects modeling. We used the Deeks method to explore subgroup differences based on disease site, stage of disease, and method of PD-L1 quantification. RESULTS One hundred and eighty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Programmed cell death ligand-1 expression was associated with worse overall survival (hazard ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.26-1.39; p < 0.001). There was significant heterogeneity between disease sites (subgroup p = 0.002) with pancreatic, hepatocellular, and genitourinary cancers associated with the highest magnitude of adverse outcomes. Programmed cell death ligand-1 was also associated with worse overall disease-free survival (hazard ratio 1.19, 95% confidence interval 1.09-1.30; p < 0.001). Stage of disease did not significantly affect the results (subgroup p = 0.52), nor did the method of quantification via immunohistochemistry or messenger RNA (subgroup p = 0.70). CONCLUSIONS High expression of PD-L1 is associated with worse survival in solid tumors albeit with significant heterogeneity among tumor types. The effect is consistent in early-stage and metastatic disease and is not sensitive to method of PD-L1 quantification. These data can provide additional information for the counseling of patients with cancer about prognosis.
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17
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Huang S, Zhang J, Lai X, Zhuang L, Wu J. Identification of Novel Tumor Microenvironment-Related Long Noncoding RNAs to Determine the Prognosis and Response to Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:781307. [PMID: 35004851 PMCID: PMC8739902 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.781307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with poor prognosis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a vital role in HCC progression. Thus, this research was designed to analyze the correlation between the TME and the prognosis of HCC patients and to construct a TME-related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) signature to determine HCC patients’ prognosis and response to immunotherapy. Methods: We assessed the stromal–immune–estimate scores within the HCC microenvironment using the ESTIMATE (Estimation of Stromal and Immune Cells in Malignant Tumor Tissues Using Expression Data) algorithm based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and their associations with survival and clinicopathological parameters were also analyzed. Thereafter, differentially expressed lncRNAs were filtered out according to the immune and stromal scores. Cox regression analysis was performed to build a TME-related lncRNA risk signature. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to explore the prognostic value of the risk signature. Furthermore, we explored the biological functions and immune microenvironment features in the high- and low-risk groups. Lastly, we probed the association of the risk model with treatment responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in HCC. Results: The stromal, immune, and estimate scores were obtained utilizing the ESTIMATE algorithm for patients with HCC. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that high scores were significantly correlated with better prognosis in HCC patients. Six TME-related lncRNAs were screened to construct the prognostic model. The Kaplan–Meier curves suggested that HCC patients with low risk had better prognosis than those with high risk. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Cox regression analyses indicated that the risk model could predict HCC survival exactly and independently. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that some tumor- and immune-related pathways were activated in the high-risk group. We also revealed that some immune cells, which were important in enhancing immune responses toward cancer, were significantly increased in the low-risk group. In addition, there was a close correlation between ICIs and the risk signature, which can be used to predict the treatment responses of HCC patients. Conclusion: We analyzed the influence of the stromal, immune, and estimate scores on the prognosis of HCC patients. A novel TME-related lncRNA risk model was established, which could be effectively applied as an independent prognostic biomarker and predictor of ICIs for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaolan Lai
- Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Ningde Normal University, Ningde, China
| | - Lingling Zhuang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianbing Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Nanchang, China
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18
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Khoshbakht T, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Mokhtari M. A Review on the Role of AFAP1-AS1 in the Pathoetiology of Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:777849. [PMID: 34912717 PMCID: PMC8666534 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.777849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AFAP1-AS1 is a long non-coding RNA which partakes in the pathoetiology of several cancers. The sense protein coding gene from this locus partakes in the regulation of cytophagy, cell motility, invasive characteristics of cells and metastatic ability. In addition to acting in concert with AFAP1, AFAP1-AS1 can sequester a number of cancer-related miRNAs, thus affecting activity of signaling pathways involved in cancer progression. Most of animal studies have confirmed that AFAP1-AS1 silencing can reduce tumor volume and invasive behavior of tumor cells in the xenograft models. Moreover, statistical analyses in the human subjects have shown strong correlation between expression levels of this lncRNA and clinical outcomes. In the present work, we review the impact of AFAP1-AS1 in the carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayybeh Khoshbakht
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Majid Mokhtari
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Wang E, Li Y, Ming R, Wei J, Du P, Zhou P, Zong S, Xiao H. The Prognostic Value and Immune Landscapes of a m 6A/m 5C/m 1A-Related LncRNAs Signature in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:718974. [PMID: 34917609 PMCID: PMC8670092 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.718974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C) and N1-methyladenosine (m1A) are the main RNA methylation modifications involved in the progression of cancer. However, it is still unclear whether m6A/m5C/m1A-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) affect the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods: We summarized 52 m6A/m5C/m1A-related genes, downloaded 44 normal samples and 501 HNSCC tumor samples with RNA-seq data and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and then searched for m6A/m5C/m1A-related genes co-expressed lncRNAs. We adopt the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression to obtain m6A/m5C/m1A-related lncRNAs to construct a prognostic signature of HNSCC. Results: This prognostic signature is based on six m6A/m5C/m1A-related lncRNAs (AL035587.1, AC009121.3, AF131215.5, FMR1-IT1, AC106820.5, PTOV1-AS2). It was found that the high-risk subgroup has worse overall survival (OS) than the low-risk subgroup. Moreover, the results showed that most immune checkpoint genes were significantly different between the two risk groups (p < 0.05). Immunity microenvironment analysis showed that the contents of NK cell resting, macrophages M2, and neutrophils in samples of low-risk group were significantly lower than those of high-risk group (p < 0.05), while the contents of B cells navie, plasma cells, and T cells regulatory (Tregs) were on the contrary (p < 0.05). In addition, patients with high tumor mutational burden (TMB) had the worse overall survival than those with low tumor mutational burden. Conclusion: Our study elucidated how m6A/m5C/m1A-related lncRNAs are related to the prognosis, immune microenvironment, and TMB of HNSCC. In the future, these m6A/m5C/m1A-related lncRNAs may become a new choice for immunotherapy of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhao Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruijie Ming
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiyu Du
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shimin Zong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjun Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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20
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Eptaminitaki GC, Wolff N, Stellas D, Sifakis K, Baritaki S. Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Response and Resistance to Cancer Immunosurveillance and Immunotherapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123313. [PMID: 34943820 PMCID: PMC8699382 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulatory elements in cellular functions in states of both normalcy and disease, including cancer. LncRNAs can influence not only tumorigenesis but also cancer features such as metastasis, angiogenesis and resistance to chemo-and immune-mediated apoptotic signals. Several lncRNAs have been demonstrated to control directly or indirectly the number, type and activities of distinct immune cell populations of adaptive and innate immunities within and without the tumor microenvironment. The disruption of lncRNA expression in both cancer and immune cells may reflect alterations in tumor responses to cancer immunosurveillance and immunotherapy, thus providing new insights into lncRNA biomarker-based prognostic and therapeutic cancer assessment. Here we present an overview on lncRNAs’ functions and underlying molecular mechanisms related to cancer immunity and conventional immunotherapy, with the expectation that any elucidations may lead to a better understanding and management of cancer immune escape and response to current and future immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giasemi C. Eptaminitaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, GR-71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.C.E.); (N.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Nora Wolff
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, GR-71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.C.E.); (N.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Dimitris Stellas
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., GR-11635 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Sifakis
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, GR-71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.C.E.); (N.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Stavroula Baritaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, GR-71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.C.E.); (N.W.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810-39-4727
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21
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Bahreini F, Jabbari P, Gossing W, Aziziyan F, Frohme M, Rezaei N. The role of noncoding RNAs in pituitary adenoma. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1421-1437. [PMID: 34558980 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are common cranial tumors that affect the quality of life in patients. Early detection of PA is beneficial for avoiding clinical complications of this disease and increasing the quality of life. Noncoding RNAs, including long noncoding RNA, miRNA and circRNA, regulate protein expression, mostly by inhibiting the translation process. Studies have shown that dysregulation of noncoding RNAs is associated with PA. Hence understanding the expression pattern of noncoding RNAs can be considered a promising method for developing biomarkers. This article reviews data on the expression pattern of dysregulated noncoding RNAs involved in PA. Possible molecular mechanisms by which the dysregulated noncoding RNA could possibly induce PA are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farbod Bahreini
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Jabbari
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Genomics & Bioinformatics, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Wilhelm Gossing
- Division Molecular Biotechnology & Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745, Wildau, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Aziziyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marcus Frohme
- Division Molecular Biotechnology & Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745, Wildau, Germany
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang Y, Chen X, Zheng H, Zhan Y, Luo J, Yang Y, Ning Y, Wang H, Wang W, Fan S. Expression of cancer cell-intrinsic PD-1 associates with PD-L1 and p-S6 and predicts a good prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Cancer 2021; 12:6118-6125. [PMID: 34539884 PMCID: PMC8425204 DOI: 10.7150/jca.60739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is the ligand of programmed death 1 (PD-1), which is a host immunity inhibitory receptor. Expression of PD-L1 in diverse tumor types has been widely discussed, while there is little research about tumor intrinsic-PD-1. Phospho-S6 (p-S6) is an important downstream effector in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Our study was focused on investigating expression of cancer cell-intrinsic PD-1, PD-L1 and p-S6 proteins and aimed to illustrate their relationship and clinical significances in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: The expression of PD-1, PD-L1 and p-S6 proteins in tissues of NPC, non-cancerous nasopharyngeal epithelia, primary cancer and matching metastatic lesion was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: Expression of PD-1, PD-L1 and p-S6 proteins and co-expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 were significantly higher in NPC (all P<0.05). The expression of PD-1 and co-expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in paired metastatic NPC were significantly increased (all P<0.01). NPC patients with positive expression of PD-L1 showed significantly higher overall survival rate (P =0.035). However, NPC patients with positive expression PD-1 and p-S6 showed significantly lower overall survival rate (P =0.031, P=0.044, respectively). Interestingly, NPC patients with co-expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 had lower overall survival rate (P=0.042). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis confirmed that positive expression of PD-L1 and p-S6 were independent prognostic factors for NPC patients. Conclusions: Expression of cancer cell-intrinsic PD-1 associates with PD-L1 and p-S6 proteins, PD-L1 might serve as a good prognostic biomarker, while p-S6 could be an independent poor prognostic biomarker for NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xianyong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou City, Hunan, 423000, China
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yuting Zhan
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jiadi Luo
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yue Ning
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Haihua Wang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Weiyuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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Jiang W, Pan S, Chen X, Wang ZW, Zhu X. The role of lncRNAs and circRNAs in the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:116. [PMID: 34496886 PMCID: PMC8424797 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has recently shown promising antitumor effects in various types of tumors. Among all immune checkpoints, the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway plays an important role in the immune evasion of tumor cells, making it a potent target in antitumor immunity. Accordingly, antibodies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have been developed to attack tumor cells; however, resistance to immune therapy remains to be solved. Hence, identification of the underlying modulators of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is of significant importance to understand the mechanisms of antitumor immunotherapy. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified to regulate the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, leading to participation in the immune response and immunotherapy. Therefore, this review focuses on the functions of lncRNAs and circRNAs in regulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. We hope this review will stimulate research to supply more precise and effective cancer immune checkpoint therapies for a large number of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Jiang
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang China
| | - Shuya Pan
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang China
| | - Xin Chen
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang China
| | - Zhi-wei Wang
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang China
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Long non-coding RNA AFAP1-AS1 accelerates lung cancer cells migration and invasion by interacting with SNIP1 to upregulate c-Myc. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:240. [PMID: 34168109 PMCID: PMC8225811 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin filament associated protein 1 antisense RNA 1 (named AFAP1-AS1) is a long non-coding RNA and overexpressed in many cancers. This study aimed to identify the role and mechanism of AFAP1-AS1 in lung cancer. The AFAP1-AS1 expression was firstly assessed in 187 paraffin-embedded lung cancer and 36 normal lung epithelial tissues by in situ hybridization. The migration and invasion abilities of AFAP1-AS1 were investigated in lung cancer cells. To uncover the molecular mechanism about AFAP1-AS1 function in lung cancer, we screened proteins that interact with AFAP1-AS1 by RNA pull down and the mass spectrometry analyses. AFAP1-AS1 was highly expressed in lung cancer clinical tissues and its expression was positively correlated with lung cancer patients’ poor prognosis. In vivo experiments confirmed that AFAP1-AS1 could promote lung cancer metastasis. AFAP1-AS1 promoted lung cancer cells migration and invasion through interacting with Smad nuclear interacting protein 1 (named SNIP1), which inhibited ubiquitination and degradation of c-Myc protein. Upregulation of c-Myc molecule in turn promoted the expression of ZEB1, ZEB2, and SNAIL gene, which ultimately enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lung cancer metastasis. Understanding the molecular mechanism by which AFAP1-AS1 promotes lung cancer’s migration and invasion may provide novel therapeutic targets for lung cancer patients’ early diagnosis and therapy.
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Zheng H, Ning Y, Zhan Y, Liu S, Wen Q, Fan S. New insights into the important roles of tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2537-2547. [PMID: 34326692 PMCID: PMC8315021 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.60114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PD-1 (Programmed cell death protein-1) is mainly expressed in various immune cells, while its ligands PD-L1/PD-L2 (Programmed death ligand-1/Programmed death ligand-2) are mostly expressed in tumor cells. Generally, the binding of PD-L1/PD-L2 and PD-1 could lead to the tumor immune evasion. However, some recent studies showed that PD-1 could also be expressed in tumor cells and could activate mTOR (Mammalian Target of Rapamycin) or Hippo signaling pathway, therefore facilitating tumor proliferation independent of the immune system. While there was evidence that tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 inhibited the activation of AKT and ERK1/2 pathways, thereby inhibiting tumor cell growth. Based on TCGA and CCLE database, we found that PD-1 was expressed in a variety of tumors and was associated with patient's prognosis. Besides, we found that PD-1 may be involved in many carcinogenic signaling pathway on the basis of PD-1 gene enrichment analysis of cancer tissues and cancer cells. Our understanding of the tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 function is still limited. This review is aimed at elaborating the potential effects of tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 on carcinogenesis, providing a novel insight into the effects of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, and helping to open a major epoch of combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yue Ning
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yuting Zhan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Sile Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Qiuyuan Wen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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Chen W, Liu S, Wang F. Potential impact and mechanism of Long Non-coding RNAs on cancer and associated T cells. J Cancer 2021; 12:4873-4882. [PMID: 34234857 PMCID: PMC8247393 DOI: 10.7150/jca.58859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of many aberrant expressions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in various cancers has focused attention on the effects of lncRNA on cancer cells themselves, including cell proliferation, growth inhibition, cell migration, cell immortality, vascular regeneration and cell viability. But with the increasing role of immunotherapy in cancer therapy, a large number of studies have revealed that the regulatory role of lncRNAs in immunity such as differentiation of immune cells can also influence the development and progression of cancer. In particular, recent publications have suggested that lncRNAs play critical roles in T-lymphocyte activation, proliferation, differentiation, function, apoptosis and metabolism. To elucidate the actual functions of lncRNAs at the molecular level of cancer pathogenesis, we summarize some of the current lncRNA regulatory mechanisms associated with T cell to discuss their effects in cancer in the hope of providing potential cancer therapeutic targets or cancer biomarkers. However, we all know that the differentiation and function of T cells is an extremely complex process that involves the expression and regulation of multiple lncRNAs. As a result, more regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China, 210029.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China, 210029
| | - Shuna Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China, 210029.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China, 210029
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China, 210029.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China, 210029
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Schwerdtfeger M, Desiderio V, Kobold S, Regad T, Zappavigna S, Caraglia M. Long non-coding RNAs in cancer stem cells. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101134. [PMID: 34051619 PMCID: PMC8176362 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non coding RNAs are involved in the regulation of multiple cellular processes. Cancer stemness and escape from immunological anti-cancer mechanisms are important mechanisms of resistance to anti-cancer agents and are pivotal in controlling cancer development and metastases. Long non coding RNAs have deep effects on the immune-modulation and on the control of cancer stem cells. Several pathways involved in immunological escape and cancer stemness are modulated by long non coding RNAs. Targeting long non coding RNAs is a potential new strategy to control tumor development and metastases.
In recent years, it has been evidenced that the human transcriptome includes several types of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are mainly involved in the regulation of different cellular processes. Among ncRNAs, long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as longer than 200 nucleotides and have been shown to be involved in several physiological and pathological events, including immune system regulation and cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a population of cancer cells that possess characteristics, such as resistance to standard treatments, cancer initiation, ability to undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and the ability to invade, spread, and generate metastases. The cancer microenvironment, together with genetic and epigenetic factors, is fundamental for CSC maintenance and tumor growth and progression. Unsurprisingly, lncRNAs have been involved in both CSC biology and cancer progression, prognosis and recurrence. Here we review the most recent literature on IncRNAs involvement in CSC biology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schwerdtfeger
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tarik Regad
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
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Xiong F, Zhu K, Deng S, Huang H, Yang L, Gong Z, Shi L, He Y, Tang Y, Liao Q, Yu J, Li X, Li Y, Li G, Zeng Z, Xiong W, Zhang S, Guo C. AFAP1-AS1: a rising star among oncogenic long non-coding RNAs. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1602-1611. [PMID: 33999309 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have become a hotspot in biomedical research. This interest reflects their extensive involvement in the regulation of the expression of other genes, and their influence on the occurrence and development of a variety of human diseases. Actin filament associated protein 1-Antisense RNA 1(AFAP1-AS1) is a recently discovered oncogenic lncRNA. It is highly expressed in a variety of solid tumors, and regulates the expression of downstream genes and signaling pathways through adsorption and competing microRNAs, or by the direct binding to other proteins. Ultimately, AFAP1-AS1 promotes proliferation, chemotherapy resistance, and resistance to apoptosis, maintains stemness, and enhances invasion and migration of tumor cells. This paper summarizes the research concerning AFAP1-AS1 in malignant tumors, including the clinical application prospects of AFAP1-AS1 as a potential molecular marker and therapeutic target of malignant tumors. We also discuss the limitations in the knowledge of AFAP1-AS1 and directions of further research. AFAP1-AS1 is expected to provide an example for studies of other lncRNA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xiong
- Science and Technology on Information System Engineering Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, China
- Department of Periodontology, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education of China, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Kunjie Zhu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Su Deng
- Science and Technology on Information System Engineering Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Hongbin Huang
- Science and Technology on Information System Engineering Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Liting Yang
- Department of Periodontology, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Zhaojian Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yi He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jianjun Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education of China, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education of China, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education of China, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education of China, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
| | - Can Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education of China, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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Yang FL, Wei YX, Liao BY, Wei GJ, Qin HM, Pang XX, Wang JL. LncRNA HOTAIR regulates the expression of E-cadherin to affect nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by recruiting histone methylase EZH2 to mediate H3K27 trimethylation. Genomics 2021; 113:2276-2289. [PMID: 33965547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM There has been increasing evidence for the function of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We aim to delve into the position of lncRNA HOX antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), together with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), E-cadherin and trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3) in NPC. METHODS HOTAIR, EZH2, and E-cadherin expression in NPC tissues and cells were tested. NPC cell biological functions were examined through gain-of and loss-of function assays. The mechanism of lncRNA HOTAIR/E-cadherin/EZH2/H3K27 axis in NPC was decoded. RESULTS LncRNA HOTAIR and EZH2 were highly expressed in NPC, and E-cadherin was lowly expressed. Down-regulation of HOTAIR or EZH2 inhibited NPC cell progression and tumor growth. HOTAIR recruited histone methylase EZH2 to mediate trimethylation of H3K27 and regulated E-cadherin expression. CONCLUSION HOTAIR inhibits E-cadherin by stimulating the trimethylation of H3K27 to promote NPC cell progression through recruiting histone methylase EZH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Lian Yang
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu-Xia Wei
- Center of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Bi-Yun Liao
- Center of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Gui-Jiang Wei
- Center of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Hai-Mei Qin
- Center of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Pang
- Center of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun-Li Wang
- Center of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China.
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Atezolizumab and blockade of LncRNA PVT1 attenuate cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer cells progression synergistically via JAK2/STAT3/PD-L1 pathway. Clin Immunol 2021; 227:108728. [PMID: 33878452 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between lncRNA PVT1(PVT1) level and PD-L1 expression and their functions in cisplatin resistant epithelial ovarian cancer (CREOC). METHODS PVT1 and PD-L1 in ovarian cancer tissues were detected and analyzed. The cells proliferation, apoptosis, invasion abilities and potential mechanism were detected by cell functional experiments and western-blot assay, respectively. RESULTS The average expressions of PVT1 and PD-L1 in CREOC tissues were significantly higher. The expression of PVT1 is positively associated with PD-L1 in CREOC. Higher expressions of PVT1 and PD-L1 indicated more malignant clinical behavior and shorter PFS and OS. Knockdown of PVT1 inhibited the proliferation and invasion and promote apoptosis for A2780cis cells, which may be related to decrease the expression of PD-L1 via repressing JAK2/STAT3 pathway. CONCLUSIONS The synergistic therapeutic strategy using LncRNA PVT1-targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade of PD-L1 warrant study further for ovarian cancer patients with cisplatin resistant recurrence.
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miRNAs and lncRNAs as Novel Therapeutic Targets to Improve Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071587. [PMID: 33808190 PMCID: PMC8036682 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer onset and progression are promoted by high deregulation of the immune system. Recently, major advances in molecular and clinical cancer immunology have been achieved, offering new agents for the treatment of common tumors, often with astonishing benefits in terms of prolonged survival and even cure. Unfortunately, most tumors are still resistant to current immune therapy approaches, and basic knowledge of the resistance mechanisms is eagerly awaited. We focused our attention on noncoding RNAs, a class of RNA that regulates many biological processes by targeting selectively crucial molecular pathways and that, recently, had their role in cancer cell immune escape and modulation of the tumor microenvironment identified, suggesting their function as promising immunotherapeutic targets. In this scenario, we point out that noncoding RNAs are progressively emerging as immunoregulators, and we depict the current information on the complex network involving the immune system and noncoding RNAs and the promising therapeutic options under investigation. Novel opportunities are emerging from noncoding-RNAs for the treatment of immune-refractory tumors. Abstract Immunotherapy is presently one of the most promising areas of investigation and development for the treatment of cancer. While immune checkpoint-blocking monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell-based therapy have recently provided in some cases valuable therapeutic options, the goal of cure has not yet been achieved for most malignancies and more efforts are urgently needed. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNA), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), regulate several biological processes via selective targeting of crucial molecular signaling pathways. Recently, the key roles of miRNA and lncRNAs as regulators of the immune-response in cancer have progressively emerged, since they may act (i) by shaping the intrinsic tumor cell and microenvironment (TME) properties; (ii) by regulating angiogenesis, immune-escape, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and drug resistance; and (iii) by acting as potential biomarkers for prognostic assessment and prediction of response to immunotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview on the role of ncRNAs in modulating the immune response and the TME. We discuss the potential use of ncRNAs as potential biomarkers or as targets for development or clinical translation of new therapeutics. Finally, we discuss the potential combinatory approaches based on ncRNA targeting agents and tumor immune-checkpoint inhibitor antibodies or CAR-T for the experimental treatment of human cancer.
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Ghosh C, Luong G, Sun Y. A snapshot of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. J Cancer 2021; 12:2735-2746. [PMID: 33854633 PMCID: PMC8040720 DOI: 10.7150/jca.57334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can evade the attack from host immune systems via hijacking the regulatory circuits mediated by immune checkpoints. Therefore, reactivating the antitumor immunity by blockade of immune checkpoints is considered as a promising strategy to treat cancer. Programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are critical immune checkpoint proteins that responsible for negative regulation of the stability and the integrity of T-cell immune function. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs have been developed for immune checkpoint blockade and can induce clinical responses across different types of cancers, which provides a new hope to cure cancer. However, the patients' response rates to current anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapies are still low and many initial responders finally develop resistance to these therapies. In this review, we provides a snapshot of the PD-1/PD-L1 molecular structure, mechanisms controlling their expression, signaling modulated by PD-1/PD-L1, current anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies, and the future perspectives to overcome the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmoy Ghosh
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Gary Luong
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Yue Sun
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Shen C, Yang C, Xia B, You M. Long non-coding RNAs: Emerging regulators for chemo/immunotherapy resistance in cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 500:244-252. [PMID: 33242560 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of tumor cells critical for tumor development. Their unique abilities, such as self-renewal, have resulted in tumor resistance to various cancer treatments, including traditional chemotherapy and latest immunotherapy. CSCs-targeting therapy is a promising treatment to overcome the therapeutic resistances to different tumors. However, despite their significance, the regulatory mechanism generating therapy-resistant CSCs is still obscure. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Recent studies have revealed that lncRNAs play an important role in the therapeutic resistance of CSCs. Here we summarize the latest studies on the regulatory role of lncRNAs in sustaining the stemness of CSCs, and discuss the associated mechanisms behind these behavior changes in CSCs-related chemo- and immune-resistance. Future research implications are also discussed, shedding light on the potential CSCs-targeted strategies to break through the resistance of current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Shen
- Basic Medicine School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310002, China
| | - Mingliang You
- Hangzhou Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310002, China.
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34
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Fang M, Zhang M, Wang Y, Wei F, Wu J, Mou X, Zhang Y, Liang X, Tang J. Long Noncoding RNA AFAP1-AS1 Is a Critical Regulator of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Tumorigenicity. Front Oncol 2020; 10:601055. [PMID: 33330099 PMCID: PMC7719841 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.601055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The long noncoding RNA actin filament associated protein 1 antisense RNA1 (AFAP1-AS1) is a critical player in various cancers. However, the clinical value and functional mechanisms of AFAP1-AS1 during the tumorigenicity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain unclear. Here, we investigated the clinical application and potential molecular mechanisms of AFAP1-AS1 in NPC tumorigenesis and progression. Methods The expression level of AFAP1-AS1 was determined by qRT-PCR in 10 paired fresh human NPC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. RNAscope was performed on 100 paired paraffin-embedded NPC and adjacent nontumor specimens. The biological functions of AFAP1-AS1 were assessed by in vitro and in vivo functional experiments. RNA-protein pull-down assays were performed to detect and identify the AFAP1-AS1-interacting protein KAT2B. Protein-RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were conducted to examine the interaction of AFAP1-AS1 and KAT2B. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase analyses were utilized to identify the binding site of transcription intermediary factor 1 alpha (TIF1α) and H3K14ac on the RBM3 promoter. Results AFAP1-AS1 is upregulated in NPC and is a poor prognostic indicator for survival in NPC patients. AFAP1-AS1 was required for NPC proliferation in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Mechanistic investigations suggested that AFAP1-AS1 binds to KAT2B and promotes acetyltransferase activation at two residues (E570/D610). KAT2B further promotes H3K14 acetylation and protein binding to the bromo domain of TIF1α. Consequently, TIF1α acts as a nuclear transcriptional coactivator of RBM3 transcription, leading to YAP mRNA stabilization and enhanced NPC tumorigenicity. Conclusions Our findings suggest that AFAP1-AS1 functions as an oncogenic biomarker and promotes NPC tumorigenicity through enhanced KAT2B acetyltransferase activation and YAP mRNA stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjun Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- The Reproductive Medicine Special Hospital of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fangqiang Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Department of the Otolaryngology, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yan-sen University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Xiaozhou Mou
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yigan Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jianming Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Wu M, Fu P, Qu L, Liu J, Lin A. Long Noncoding RNAs, New Critical Regulators in Cancer Immunity. Front Oncol 2020; 10:550987. [PMID: 33194608 PMCID: PMC7662117 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.550987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in various aspects of cellular functions. Recent studies have revealed that lncRNAs are critical players in the immune system by modulating immune cell differentiation and functions, particularly in cancer immunity. Here we systematically summarize how lncRNAs are involved in different processes of the cancer immunity cycle, including immune cell differentiation, proliferation, trafficking, and infiltration. Moreover, the limitations of the current understanding of lncRNA’s functions in cancer immunity are described, such as the complexity of the cancer immunity system, the inclusive functions of lncRNAs in this system, and the associated immune response. In sum, the comprehensive investigation of the roles of lncRNAs in cancer immunity aids in cancer diagnosis and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Wu
- Breast Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peifen Fu
- Breast Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Qu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Aifu Lin
- Breast Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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36
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Zhong Q, Wang Z, Liao X, Wu R, Guo X. LncRNA GAS5/miR‑4465 axis regulates the malignant potential of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by targeting COX2. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:3004-3017. [PMID: 33092435 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1816280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a malignant tumor that not only negatively affects the physical and mental health but also the quality of life of the patients. Growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) is a common long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that has been reported to participate in the development of various cancers. However, the biological functions of lncRNA GAS5 in the occurrence and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma are elusive. The expression of lncRNA GAS5 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and normal samples were analyzed. Bioinformatic tool was utilized to predict the potential function of lncRNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Transplanted mice were used for in vivo experiments. We observed that the expression of lncRNA GAS5 was upregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and cells. Down-regulation of lncRNA GAS5 inhibited the proliferation and promoted apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. The expression of miR-4465 was down regulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and cells. LncRNA GAS5 could directly bind to miR-4465 and regulated the expression of miR-4465. It was further confirmed that miR-4465 could directly bind with COX2 and inhibit the expression of COX2. Down-regulation of lncRNA GAS5 suppressed tumor growth, promoted the expression levels of miR-18a-5p and suppressed the expression of COX2 in vivo. LncRNA GAS5 regulated nasopharyngeal carcinoma malignancy through targeting miR-4465 and modulating COX2. The GAS5/miR-4465/COX2 axis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma pathogenesis was confirmed, which would provide a new therapeutic target for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhong
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Ganzhou , Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, PR. China
| | - Zongqi Wang
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Ganzhou , Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, PR. China
| | - Xiaohong Liao
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Ganzhou , Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, PR. China
| | - Renrui Wu
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Ganzhou , Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, PR. China
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Ganzhou , Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, PR. China
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37
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Kang Y, He W, Ren C, Qiao J, Guo Q, Hu J, Xu H, Jiang X, Wang L. Advances in targeted therapy mainly based on signal pathways for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:245. [PMID: 33093441 PMCID: PMC7582884 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial carcinoma of the head and neck region which mainly distributes in southern China and Southeast Asia and has a crucial association with the Epstein-Barr virus. Based on epidemiological data, both incidence and mortality of NPC have significantly declined in recent decades grounded on the improvement of living standard and medical level in an endemic region, in particular, with the clinical use of individualized chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) which profoundly contributes to the cure rate of NPC patients. To tackle the challenges including local recurrence and distant metastasis in the current NPC treatment, we discussed the implication of using targeted therapy against critical molecules in various signal pathways, and how they synergize with chemoradiotherapy in the NPC treatment. Combination treatment including targeted therapy and IMRT or concurrent chemoradiotherapy is presumably to be future options, which may reduce radiation or chemotherapy toxicities and open new avenues for the improvement of the expected functional outcome for patients with advanced NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weihan He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jincheng Qiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuyong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingyu Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongjuan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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38
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Li P, Zhang S, Mo Y, Zhang L, Wang Y, Xiong F, Zhang S, Liu J, Xu Y, Zeng Z, Xiong W, Li Y, Gong Z. Long non-coding RNA expression profiles and related regulatory networks in areca nut chewing-induced tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:302. [PMID: 33093911 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Areca nut chewing is an important risk factor for developing tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), although the underlying molecular mechanism is unknown. To determine the potential molecular mechanisms of areca nut chewing-induced TSCC, the present study performed whole-genome detection with five pairs of TSCC and adjacent normal tissues, via mRNA- and long non-coding (lnc)RNA-gene chip analysis. A total of 3,860 differentially expressed genes were identified, including 2,193 lncRNAs and 1,667 mRNAs. Gene set-enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed mRNAs were enriched in chromosome 22q13, 8p21 and 3p21 regions, and were regulated by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs). The results of ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that these mRNAs were significantly enriched for inflammatory immune-related signaling pathways. A co-expression network of mRNAs and lncRNAs was constructed by performing weighted gene co-expression network analysis. The present study focused on NF-κB-, IRF- and Th cell-signaling pathway-related lncRNAs and the corresponding mRNA-lncRNA regulatory networks. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to investigate differential mRNA- and lncRNA-expression profiles in TSCCs induced by areca nut chewing. Inflammation-related mRNA-lncRNA regulatory networks driven by IRFs and NF-κB were identified, as well as the Th cell-related signaling pathways that play important carcinogenic roles in areca nut chewing-induced TSCC. These differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs, and their regulatory networks provide insight for further analysis on the molecular mechanism of areca nut chewing-induced TSCC, candidate molecular markers and targets for further clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchun Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yongzhen Mo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Lishen Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Yumin Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Fang Xiong
- Department of Stomatology, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zhaojian Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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39
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Natural antisense transcripts in the biological hallmarks of cancer: powerful regulators hidden in the dark. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:187. [PMID: 32928281 PMCID: PMC7490906 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural antisense transcripts (NATs), which are transcribed from opposite strands of DNA with partial or complete overlap, affect multiple stages of gene expression, from epigenetic to post-translational modifications. NATs are dysregulated in various types of cancer, and an increasing number of studies focusing on NATs as pivotal regulators of the hallmarks of cancer and as promising candidates for cancer therapy are just beginning to unravel the mystery. Here, we summarize the existing knowledge on NATs to highlight their underlying mechanisms of functions in cancer biology, discuss their potential roles in therapeutic application, and explore future research directions.
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40
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Liu L, Wang Q, Qiu Z, Kang Y, Liu J, Ning S, Yin Y, Pang D, Xu S. Noncoding RNAs: the shot callers in tumor immune escape. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:102. [PMID: 32561709 PMCID: PMC7305134 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, designed to exploit the functions of the host immune system against tumors, has shown considerable potential against several malignancies. However, the utility of immunotherapy is heavily limited due to the low response rate and various side effects in the clinical setting. Immune escape of tumor cells may be a critical reason for such low response rates. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been identified as key regulatory factors in tumors and the immune system. Consequently, ncRNAs show promise as targets to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in tumors. However, the relationship between ncRNAs and tumor immune escape (TIE) has not yet been comprehensively summarized. In this review, we provide a detailed account of the current knowledge on ncRNAs associated with TIE and their potential roles in tumor growth and survival mechanisms. This review bridges the gap between ncRNAs and TIE and broadens our understanding of their relationship, providing new insights and strategies to improve immunotherapy response rates by specifically targeting the ncRNAs involved in TIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhilin Qiu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yujuan Kang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jiena Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shipeng Ning
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yanling Yin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China. .,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Shouping Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
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41
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Shek D, Read SA, Akhuba L, Qiao L, Gao B, Nagrial A, Carlino MS, Ahlenstiel G. Non-coding RNA and immune-checkpoint inhibitors: friends or foes? Immunotherapy 2020; 12:513-529. [DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are an abundant component of the human transcriptome. Their biological role, however, remains incompletely understood. Nevertheless, ncRNAs are highly associated with cancer development and progression due to their ability to modulate gene expression, protein translation and growth pathways. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are considered one of the most promising and highly effective therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. ICIs are monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints such as CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 signalling pathways that stimulate T cell cytotoxicity and can result in tumor growth suppression. This Review will summarize existing knowledge regarding ncRNAs and their role in cancer and ICI therapy. In addition, we will discuss potential mechanisms by which ncRNAs may influence ICI treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Shek
- Blacktown Clinical School & Research Centre, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Accreditation Centre, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Scott A Read
- Blacktown Clinical School & Research Centre, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Liia Akhuba
- Accreditation Centre, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liang Qiao
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Hospital & Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bo Gao
- Westmead Hospital & Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adnan Nagrial
- Westmead Hospital & Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matteo S Carlino
- Westmead Hospital & Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Golo Ahlenstiel
- Blacktown Clinical School & Research Centre, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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42
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Zhang L, Xu X, Su X. Noncoding RNAs in cancer immunity: functions, regulatory mechanisms, and clinical application. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:48. [PMID: 32122338 PMCID: PMC7050126 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well acknowledged that immune system is deeply involved in cancer initiation and progression, and can exert both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic effects, depending on specific microenvironment. With the better understanding of cancer-associated immune cells, especially T cells, immunotherapy was developed and applied in multiple cancers and exhibits remarkable efficacy. However, currently only a subset of patients have responses to immunotherapy, suggesting that a boarder view of cancer immunity is required. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are identified as critical regulators in both cancer cells and immune cells, thus show great potential to serve as new therapeutic targets to improve the response of immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the functions and regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs in cancer immunity, and highlight the potential of ncRNAs as novel targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, 1 Tong Dao Street, Huimin District, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaonan Xu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, FL, 33612-9497, USA
| | - Xiulan Su
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, 1 Tong Dao Street, Huimin District, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China.
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43
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Han Y, Liu D, Li L. PD-1/PD-L1 pathway: current researches in cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:727-742. [PMID: 32266087 PMCID: PMC7136921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has been accompanied by promising results over the past few years. Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) plays a vital role in inhibiting immune responses and promoting self-tolerance through modulating the activity of T-cells, activating apoptosis of antigen-specific T cells and inhibiting apoptosis of regulatory T cells. Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a trans-membrane protein that is considered to be a co-inhibitory factor of the immune response, it can combine with PD-1 to reduce the proliferation of PD-1 positive cells, inhibit their cytokine secretion and induce apoptosis. PD-L1 also plays an important role in various malignancies where it can attenuate the host immune response to tumor cells. Based on these perspectives, PD-1/PD-L1 axis is responsible for cancer immune escape and makes a huge effect on cancer therapy. This review is aimed to summarize the role of PD-1 and PD-L1 in cancer, looking forward to improve the therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Han
- Pathology Department of Dalian Medical UniversityLiaoning 116044, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- The Fourth Medical Center of The General Hospital of The Chinese People’s Liberation ArmyBeijing 100048, China
| | - Lianhong Li
- Pathology Department of Dalian Medical UniversityLiaoning 116044, China
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44
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Luo Y, Yang J, Yu J, Liu X, Yu C, Hu J, Shi H, Ma X. Long Non-coding RNAs: Emerging Roles in the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:48. [PMID: 32083005 PMCID: PMC7005925 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunosuppression may assist the immune escape of cancer cells, which promotes tumor metastasis and resistance to chemo-radiotherapy. The therapeutic strategies against tumor immunosuppression mainly focus on blocking immune checkpoint receptors, enhancing T-cell recognition and neutralizing inhibitory molecules. Although immunotherapies based on these strategies have improved the clinical outcomes, immunological nonresponse and resistance are two barriers to tumor eradication. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new biomarkers for patient selection and therapeutic targets for the development of combination regimen with immunotherapy. Recent studies have reported that non-protein-coding modulators exhibit important functions in post-transcriptional gene regulation, which subsequently modulates multiple pathophysiological processes, including neoplastic transformation. Differentiated from microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are reported to be involved in various processes of the immune response in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to promote tumor immunosuppression. Currently, studies on tumor immunity regulated by lncRNAs are mainly confined to certain types of cancer cells or stromal cells. Additionally, the majority of studies are focused on the events involved in T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Although the reported studies have indicated the significance of lncRNAs in immunotherapy, the lack of comprehensive studies prevents us from exploring useful lncRNAs. In the current review, we have summarized the roles of lncRNAs in tumor immune response, and highlighted major lncRNAs as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for clinical application of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Luo
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted and Immune Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiqiao Yang
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted and Immune Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted and Immune Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted and Immune Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Chune Yu
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted and Immune Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hubing Shi
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted and Immune Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted and Immune Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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45
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Ren D, Hua Y, Yu B, Ye X, He Z, Li C, Wang J, Mo Y, Wei X, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Liao Q, Wang H, Xiang B, Zhou M, Li X, Li G, Li Y, Zeng Z, Xiong W. Predictive biomarkers and mechanisms underlying resistance to PD1/PD-L1 blockade cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:19. [PMID: 32000802 PMCID: PMC6993488 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-1144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade targeting PD-1/PD-L1 has promising therapeutic efficacy in a variety of tumors, but resistance during treatment is a major issue. In this review, we describe the utility of PD-L1 expression levels, mutation burden, immune cell infiltration, and immune cell function for predicting the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy. Furthermore, we explore the mechanisms underlying immunotherapy resistance caused by PD-L1 expression on tumor cells, T cell dysfunction, and T cell exhaustion. Based on these mechanisms, we propose combination therapeutic strategies. We emphasize the importance of patient-specific treatment plans to reduce the economic burden and prolong the life of patients. The predictive indicators, resistance mechanisms, and combination therapies described in this review provide a basis for improved precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daixi Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuze Hua
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Boyao Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ziheng He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongzhen Mo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yunhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Fan C, Tang Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Xiong F, Zhang S, Li X, Xiang B, Wu X, Guo C, Ma J, Zhou M, Li X, Xiong W, Li Y, Li G, Zeng Z. Long non-coding RNA LOC284454 promotes migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma via modulating the Rho/Rac signaling pathway. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:380-391. [PMID: 30380023 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a unique malignant cancer with high metastasis. Because the early symptoms of NPC patients are not obvious, most patients have distant metastases when diagnosed, which makes treatment difficult. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulators in human carcinogenesis. LncRNAs have been increasingly identified but remain largely unknown in NPC. Therefore, we performed gene expression profiling to screen for altered expression of lncRNAs in NPC tissues and adjacent samples. One lncRNA, LOC284454, was upregulated and associated with poor prognosis in NPC. In in vivo and in vitro assays, LOC284454 promoted the migration and invasion capacity of NPC cells. Mass spectrometry combined with bioinformatics suggested that LOC284454 affected the cytoskeletal and adhesion-related Rho/Rac signaling pathways. LOC284454 may be a potential novel treatment target and is expected to be a new diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine
| | - Yanyan Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science
| | - Yian Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science
| | - Fang Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital
| | - Xiayu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine
| | - Xu Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science.,Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Can Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science
| | - Jian Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine
| | - Ming Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine
| | - Xiaoling Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine
| | - Wei Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine
| | - Yong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science.,Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Guiyuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine
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Highly expressed CCR7 predicts poor prognosis in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Ir J Med Sci 2019; 189:669-676. [PMID: 31758524 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-019-02141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NC) is a malignant human tumor with a high incidence that occurs on the top and lateral wall of the nasopharynx. AIMS To investigate the clinical value of chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) in locally advanced NC. METHODS We enrolled 114 patients with locally advanced NC admitted to our hospital in the observation group (OBG) and 100 normal healthy subjects who underwent physical examination in the control group (COG). The serum CCR7 expression levels in each group were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and were compared between the groups. RESULTS None of the 114 patients or their family members were lost during follow-up. Thirty-five patients died within 3 years and 79 survived (survival rate: 69.29%). The serum CCR7 level was higher in the OBG than in the COG (P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.837 for diagnostic value for locally advanced NC and the AUC was 0.759 for predictive value for 3-year mortality. The CCR7 AUC for diagnosis of locally advanced NC was 0.837 and for prediction of mortality was 0.759. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in smoking history, long-term consumption of pickled food, family history of NC, primary lesion staging, lymph node staging, distant metastasis, clinical pathological staging, and CCR7 between the two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CCR7 was valuable in the diagnosis of locally advanced NC, and highly expressed CCR7 was predictive of poor prognosis.
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48
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Regulation of PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway in Cancer by Noncoding RNAs. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:651-663. [PMID: 31748880 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade has demonstrated significant anti-tumor immunity in an array of cancer types, yet the underlying regulatory mechanism of it is still obscure, and many problems remain to be solved. As an inhibitory costimulatory signal of T-cells, the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway can paralyze T-cells at the tumor site, enabling the immune escape of tumor cells. Although many antibodies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 have been developed to block their interaction for the treatment of cancer, the reduced response rate and resistance to the therapies call for further comprehension of this pathway in the tumor microenvironment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are two main types of noncoding RNAs that play critical parts in the regulation of immune response in tumorigenesis, including the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Here we summarize the most recent studies on the control of this pathway by noncoding RNAs in cancer and hopefully will offer new insights into immune checkpoint blockade therapies.
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49
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Tang R, Chen J, Tang M, Liao Z, Zhou L, Jiang J, Hu Y, Liao Q, Xiong W, Tang Y, Nie S. LncRNA SLCO4A1-AS1 predicts poor prognosis and promotes proliferation and metastasis via the EGFR/MAPK pathway in colorectal cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2885-2896. [PMID: 31853225 PMCID: PMC6909968 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.38041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is universally acknowledged that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in tumorigenesis in human cancers. However, the function and mechanism of many lncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. By analyzing the two sets of CRC-related gene microarrays data, downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the lncRNA expression in a set of RNA sequencing data, we found that lncRNA SLCO4A1-AS1 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues. We then collected CRC tissue samples and verified that SLCO4A1-AS1 is highly expressed in CRC tissues. Furthermore, SLCO4A1-AS1 was also upregulated in the CRC cell line. In situ hybridization results showed that high expression of SLCO4A1-AS1 was associated with poor prognosis in patients with CRC. Next, we found that SLCO4A1-AS1 promoted CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Results of western blotting assays show that its mechanism may relate to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Therefore, SLCO4A1-AS1 may be a potential biomarker for CRC prognosis and a new target for colorectal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junhong Chen
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengtian Tang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lianqing Zhou
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiarui Jiang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingbin Hu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - QianJin Liao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaolin Nie
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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50
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Huang N, Guo W, Ren K, Li W, Jiang Y, Sun J, Dai W, Zhao W. LncRNA AFAP1-AS1 Supresses miR-139-5p and Promotes Cell Proliferation and Chemotherapy Resistance of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer by Competitively Upregulating RRM2. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1103. [PMID: 31696057 PMCID: PMC6817562 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. This study aims to understand the underlying mechanism of lncRNA, actin filament-associated protein 1 antisense RNA 1(AFAP1-AS1) in mediating chemotherapeutic resistance in NSCLC. The levels of AFAP1-AS1 in NSCLC tissues and cells were determined using RT-PCR. The protein levels of RRM2, EGFR, and p-AKT were analyzed using Western blotting. Binding between AFAP1-AS1 and miR-139-5p was confirmed using dual luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays, and binding between miR-139-5p and RRM2 was confirmed by a dual luciferase reporter assay. NSCLC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and colony formation were examined using MTT, flow cytometry, and colony formation assays, respectively. It was found that AFAP1-AS1 expression was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells. In addition, AFAP1-AS1 bound to and downregulated the expression of miR-139-5p, which was reduced in NSCLC tissues. Knockdown of AFAP1-AS1 and overexpression of miR-139-5p inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, colony formation and chemotherapy resistance and increased cell apoptosis. Additionally, AFAP1-AS1 upregulates RRM2 expression via sponging miR-139-5p. Furthermore, AFAP1-AS1 enhanced NSCLC cell proliferation and chemotherapy resistance through upregulation of RRM2 by inhibiting miR-139-5p expression. Moreover, RRM2 promoted cellular chemotherapy resistance by activating EGFR/AKT. Finally, knockdown of AFAP1-AS1 significantly suppressed tumor growth and chemoresistance in nude mice. In conclusion, AFAP1-AS1 promoted chemotherapy resistance by supressing miR-139-5p expression and promoting RRM2/EGFR/AKT signaling pathway in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Laboratory Medicine/Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Ren
- School of Laboratory Medicine/Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wancheng Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Dai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine/Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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