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Jung M, Bui I, Bonavida B. Role of YY1 in the Regulation of Anti-Apoptotic Gene Products in Drug-Resistant Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4267. [PMID: 37686541 PMCID: PMC10486809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death among the various diseases encountered in humans. Cancer is not a single entity and consists of numerous different types and subtypes that require various treatment regimens. In the last decade, several milestones in cancer treatments were accomplished, such as specific targeting agents or revitalizing the dormant anti-tumor immune response. These milestones have resulted in significant positive clinical responses as well as tumor regression and the prolongation of survival in subsets of cancer patients. Hence, in non-responding patients and non-responding relapsed patients, cancers develop intrinsic mechanisms of resistance to cell death via the overexpression of anti-apoptotic gene products. In parallel, the majority of resistant cancers have been reported to overexpress a transcription factor, Yin Yang 1 (YY1), which regulates the chemo-immuno-resistance of cancer cells to therapeutic anticancer cytotoxic agents. The relationship between the overexpression of YY1 and several anti-apoptotic gene products, such as B-cell lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma extra-large (Bcl-xL), myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) and survivin, is investigated in this paper. The findings demonstrate that these anti-apoptotic gene products are regulated, in part, by YY1 at the transcriptional, epigenetic, post-transcriptional and translational levels. While targeting each of the anti-apoptotic gene products individually has been examined and clinically tested for some, this targeting strategy is not effective due to compensation by other overexpressed anti-apoptotic gene products. In contrast, targeting YY1 directly, through small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), gene editing or small molecule inhibitors, can be therapeutically more effective and generalized in YY1-overexpressed resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Rizor A, Pajarillo E, Son DS, Aschner M, Lee E. Manganese phosphorylates Yin Yang 1 at serine residues to repress EAAT2 in human H4 astrocytes. Toxicol Lett 2022; 355:41-46. [PMID: 34800614 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of the astrocytic glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) is associated with neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and manganism, a neurological disorder caused by overexposure to manganese (Mn) which shares the features of sporadic PD. Mechanisms of Mn-induced neurotoxicity include dysregulation of EAAT2 following activation of the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) by transcriptional upregulation, but the posttranslational mechanisms by which YY1 is activated to repress EAAT2 remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we tested if Mn activates YY1 through posttranslational phosphorylation in cultured H4 human astrocytes, leading to EAAT2 repression. The results demonstrate that Mn exposure induced phosphorylation of YY1 at serine residues via kinases Aurora B kinase (AurkB) and Casein kinase II (CK2), leading to YY1 nuclear translocation, YY1/HDAC interactions, binding to the EAAT2 promoter, and consequent decreases in EAAT2 promoter activity and mRNA/protein levels. Although further studies are warranted to fully elucidate the mechanisms of Mn-induced YY1 phosphorylation and resultant EAAT2 impairment, our findings indicate that serine phosphorylation of YY1 via AurkB and CK2 is critical, at least in part, to its activation and transcriptional repression of EAAT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Rizor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32301, USA
| | - Edward Pajarillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32301, USA
| | - Deok-Soo Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York, NY, 10461, USA; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32301, USA.
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Feng Z, Ye Z, Xie J, Chen W, Li W, Xing C. Study on the mechanism of LOXL1-AS1/miR-3614-5p/YY1 signal axis in the malignant phenotype regulation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biol Direct 2021; 16:24. [PMID: 34863279 PMCID: PMC8645132 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high mortality worldwide. Accumulating researches have indicated that long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in varies human cancers, including HCC. Nevertheless, the specific molecular mechanism of lncRNA lysyl oxidase like 1 antisense RNA 1 (LOXL1-AS1) in HCC is still unclear. Methods LOXL1-AS1 expression was tested via qRT-PCR in HCC cells. Functional and mechanism assays were respectively done to evaluate the biological functions of HCC cells and the potential interaction of LOXL1-AS1 and other factors. Results We discovered that LOXL1-AS1 was high expressed in HCC cells. Inhibition of LOXL1-AS1 repressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but enhanced cell apoptosis in HCC. Further, miR-3614-5p was proven to be sponged by LOXL1-AS1. Additionally, Yin Yang 1 (YY1) was proven as the target gene of miR-3614-5p, and YY1 depletion could repress HCC cell malignant behaviors. YY1 could also transcriptionally activate LOXL1-AS1 expression. In rescue assays, we confirmed that overexpression of YY1 or miR-3614-5p inhibition could reverse the suppressive effects of LOXL1-AS1 silence on the malignant behaviors of HCC cells. Conclusion In short, LOXL1-AS1/miR-3614-5p/YY1 forms a positive loop in modulating HCC cell malignant behaviors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13062-021-00312-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhenYu Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - ZhenYu Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - JiaMing Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - ChunGen Xing
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 Sanxiang Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China.
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Fang TJ, Lin CH, Lin YZ, Chiu MHS, Li RN, Chan HC, Yeh YT, Yen JH. Lower HDAC6 mRNA expression and promoter hypomethylation are associated with RA susceptibility. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 121:1431-1441. [PMID: 34732304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Recent studies showed that Histone deacetylases 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors could improve arthritis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rodent models, whereas lower HDAC6 expression was observed in RA patients' synovial fibroblasts, raising the concerns to use HDAC6 inhibitors to treat RA patients. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of HDAC6 mRNA expression and promoter methylation in RA. METHODS The DNA and RNAs were extracted from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 138 RA patients and 102 healthy controls. The pyrosequencing technique was used for promoter methylation analysis. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the HDAC6 mRNA expression. The patients' clinical characteristics and disease biomarkers were recorded when blood sampling. RESULTS The HDAC6 mRNA expression was lower in the RA patients than controls (p = 0.001). The RA patients had significant hypomethylation of the HDAC6 promoter (p < 0.001). The HDAC6 promoter was hypo-methylated in the -229, -225, -144, and -142 CpG sites in RA patients (p < 0.05). Unexpectedly, promoter methylation and mRNA expression of the HDAC6 gene were positively associated (p < 0.001). The HDAC6 mRNA expression and promoter methylation status were associated with the risk of RA (p = 0.006 and 0.002, respectively). The inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6, were significantly increased after HDAC6 knockdown in PMA-stimulated THP1 cells and SW982 cells (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The HDAC6 mRNA expression and promoter methylation were lower in RA patients. Both HDAC6 mRNA expression level and promoter hypomethylation were associated the susceptibility of RA. HDAC6 inhibitors seem not proper for RA patients' treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Jung Fang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Zhao Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Min-HSi Chiu
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Taiwan; Biomedical Analysis Center, Fooyin University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Nian Li
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Chen Chan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tsung Yeh
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Taiwan; Biomedical Analysis Center, Fooyin University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Hsien Yen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan; College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Hassan YA, Helmy MW, Ghoneim AI. Combinatorial antitumor effects of amino acids and epigenetic modulations in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:2245-2257. [PMID: 34415354 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly fatal form of liver cancer. Recently, the interest in using amino acids as therapeutic agents has noticeably grown. The present work aimed to evaluate the possible antiproliferative effects of selected amino acids supplementation or deprivation in human HCC cell lines and to investigate their effects on critical signaling molecules in HCC pathogenesis and the outcomes of their combination with the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat. HepG2 and Huh7 cells were treated with different concentrations of L-leucine, L-glutamine, or L-methionine and cell viability was determined using MTT assay. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70 S6K), p53, and cyclin D1 (CD1) protein levels were assayed using ELISA. Caspase-3 activity was assessed colorimetrically. L-leucine supplementation (0.8-102.4 mM) and L-glutamine supplementation (4-128 mM) showed dose-dependent antiproliferative effects in both cell lines but L-methionine supplementation (0.2-25.6 mM) only affected the viability of HepG2 cells. Glutamine or methionine deprivation suppressed the proliferation of HepG2 cells whereas leucine deprivation had no effect on cell viability in both cell lines. The combination between the effective antiproliferative changes in L-leucine, L-glutamine, and L-methionine concentrations greatly suppressed cell viability and increased the sensitivity to vorinostat in both cell lines. The growth inhibitory effects were paralleled with significant decreases in IGF-1, phospho p70 S6k, and CD1 levels and significant elevations in p53 and caspase-3 activity. Changes in amino acids concentrations could profoundly affect growth in HCC cell lines and their response to epigenetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine A Hassan
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22514, Egypt.
| | - Maged W Helmy
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22514, Egypt
| | - Asser I Ghoneim
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22514, Egypt
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence strongly indicates that the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) leads to the emergence of worse clinical scenarios, such as chemo- and radiotherapy resistance, metastasis, and cancer recurrence. CSCs are a highly tumorigenic population characterized by self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential. Thus, CSCs establish a hierarchical intratumor organization that enables tumor adaptation to evade the immune response and resist anticancer therapy. YY1 functions as a transcription factor, RNA-binding protein, and 3D chromatin regulator. Thus, YY1 has multiple effects and regulates several molecular processes. Emerging evidence indicates that the development of lethal YY1-mediated cancer phenotypes is associated with the presence of or enrichment in cancer stem-like cells. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate whether and to what extent YY1 regulates the CSC phenotype. Since CSCs mirror the phenotypic behavior of stem cells, we initially describe the roles played by YY1 in embryonic and adult stem cells. Next, we scrutinize evidence supporting the contributions of YY1 in CSCs from a number of various cancer types. Finally, we identify new areas for further investigation into the YY1-CSCs axis, including the participation of YY1 in the CSC niche.
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YY1 regulated transcription-based stratification of gastric tumors and identification of potential therapeutic candidates. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:251-267. [PMID: 33620645 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00608-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The transcription factor YY1 regulates diverse biological processes, including cell proliferation, development, DNA damage responses, and carcinogenesis. This study was designed to explore the role of YY1 regulated transcription in gastric cancer. YY1 silencing in gastric cancer cells has resulted in the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin, JNK/MAPK, ERK/MAPK, ER, and HIF-1α signaling pathways. Genome-wide mRNA profiling upon silencing the expression YY1 gene in gastric cancer cells and comparison with the previously identified YY1 regulated genes from other lineages revealed a moderate overlap among the YY1 regulated genes. Despite the differing genes, all the YY1 regulated gene sets were expressed in most of the intestinal subtype gastric tumors and a subset of diffuse subtype gastric tumors. Integrative functional genomic analysis of the YY1 gene sets revealed an association among the pathways Wnt/β-catenin, Rapamycin, Cyclin-D1, Myc, E2F, PDGF, and AKT. Further, the drugs capable of inhibiting YY1 mediated transcription were identified as suitable targeted therapeutic candidates for gastric tumors with activated YY1. The data emerging from the investigation would pave the way for the development of YY1-based targeted therapeutics for gastric cancer.
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Kim H, Bang S, Jee S, Park S, Kim Y, Park H, Jang K, Paik SS. Loss of YY1 expression predicts unfavorable prognosis in stage III colorectal cancer. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2021; 64:S78-S84. [PMID: 34135143 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_96_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yin Yang 1 (YY1), the multifunctional transcription factor, has recently been assigned biological properties related to human malignancies. YY1 can facilitate both tumor suppression and tumor growth. The conflicting role of YY1 in human malignancies is not yet fully explained. Objective In this study, we determined the clinicopathologic significance and prognostic role of YY1 in stage III colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials and Methods YY1 expression was evaluated immunohistochemically in tissue microarray from 345 CRCs. YY1 expression was scored by the proportion of tumor cells with nuclear staining into 4 scores (0, none; 1+, ≤10%; 2+, 10 to ≤25%; 3+, >25%). A score of 0 and 1 were considered as loss of expression. Results Loss of YY1 expression was observed in 49 (14.2%) out of 345 CRCs and was associated with larger tumor size (P = 0.004), tumor deposit (P = 0.008), and higher pathologic tumor (pT) stage (P = 0.004). In stage III group, loss of YY1 expression was associated with larger tumor size (P = 0.027) and tumor deposit (P = 0.011). Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed no significant difference between patients with YY1 loss and patients with intact YY1 in both cancer-specific survival and recurrence-free survival (P = 0.330 and P = 0.470, respectively). In American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage subgroup, loss of YY1 expression was associated with poor recurrence-free survival in AJCC stage III CRC (P = 0.038). Conclusion Loss of YY1 expression was significantly associated with aggressive phenotypes and poor patient outcome in AJCC stage III CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsung Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongsik Bang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungyun Jee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongeon Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hosub Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kiseok Jang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Sam Paik
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Huo X, Qi J, Huang K, Bu S, Yao W, Chen Y, Nie J. Identification of an autophagy-related gene signature that can improve prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:771. [PMID: 32807131 PMCID: PMC7433127 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy is a programmed cell degradation mechanism that has been associated with several physiological and pathophysiological processes, including malignancy. Improper induction of autophagy has been proposed to play a pivotal role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Univariate Cox regression analysis of overall survival (OS) was performed to identify risk-associated autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in HCC data set from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Multivariate cox regression was then performed to develop a risk prediction model for the prognosis of 370 HCC patients. The multi-target receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the model’s accuracy. Besides, the relationship between drug sensitivity and ARGs expression was also examined. Results A total of 62 differentially expressed ARGs were identified in HCC patients. Univariate and multivariate regression identified five risk-associated ARGs (HDAC1, RHEB, ATIC, SPNS1 and SQSTM1) that were correlated with OS in HCC patients. Of importance, the risk-associated ARGs were independent risk factors in the multivariate risk model including clinical parameters such as malignant stage (HR = 1.433, 95% CI = 1.293–1.589, P < 0.001). In addition, the area under curve for the prognostic risk model was 0.747, which indicates the high accuracy of the model in prediction of HCC outcomes. Interestingly, the risk-associated ARGs were also correlated with drug sensitivity in HCC cell lines. Conclusion We developed a novel prognostic risk model by integrating the molecular signature and clinical parameters of HCC, which can effectively predict the outcomes of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Huo
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Experimental Center of Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Qi
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Kaiquan Huang
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Su Bu
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jinfu Nie
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. .,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.
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Li Q, Chen W, Luo R, Zhang Z, Song M, Chen W, Yang Z, Yang Y, Guo Z, Yang A. Upregulation of OIP5-AS1 Predicts Poor Prognosis and Contributes to Thyroid Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 20:279-291. [PMID: 32193154 PMCID: PMC7078457 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As a common malignancy, thyroid cancer mainly occurs in the endocrine system. There have been accumulating studies on therapeutic methods of thyroid cancer, but its internal molecular mechanism is still not fully understood. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) OIP5-AS1 was confirmed as an oncogene and related to poor prognosis in various cancers. Nevertheless, its role and underlying mechanism remain unclear in thyroid cancer. Here, we observed a significant upregulation of OIP5-AS1 in thyroid cancer tissues and cells, and upregulated OIP5-AS1 was correlated with poor prognosis in thyroid cancer. Moreover, OIP5-AS1 knockdown resulted in the inhibited cell proliferation and migration, while overexpressed OIP5-AS1 exhibited the reverse function in thyroid cancer. Besides, OIP5-AS1 was found to positively regulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Through mechanism exploration, OIP5-AS1 was discovered to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via FXR1/YY1/CTNNB1 axis. Finally, rescue assays indicated that the inhibitive role of silenced OIP5-AS1 in thyroid cancer cell growth and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway could be rescued by overexpression of CTNNB1 or addition of lithium chloride (LiCl). In conclusion, upregulation of OIP5-AS1 predicted unfavorable prognosis and enhanced thyroid cancer cell growth by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Weichao Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Rongzhen Luo
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ming Song
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenkuan Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhongyuan Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yuanzhong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhuming Guo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ankui Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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Hong W, Hu Y, Fan Z, Gao R, Yang R, Bi J, Hou J. In silico identification of EP400 and TIA1 as critical transcription factors involved in human hepatocellular carcinoma relapse. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:952-964. [PMID: 31897208 PMCID: PMC6924164 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Transcription factors (TFs) are crucial proteins that regulate gene expression during cancer progression; however, the roles of TFs in HCC relapse remain unclear. To identify the TFs that drive HCC relapse, the present study constructed co-expression network and identified the Tan module the most relevant to HCC relapse. Numerous hub TFs (highly connected) were subsequently obtained from the Tan module according to the intra-module connectivity and the protein-protein interaction network connectivity. Next, E1A-binding protein p400 (EP400) and TIA1 cytotoxic granule associated RNA binding protein (TIA1) were identified as hub TFs differentially connected between the relapsed and non-relapsed subnetworks. In addition, zinc finger protein 143 (ZNF143) and Yin Yang 1 (YY1) were also identified by using the plugin iRegulon in Cytoscape as master upstream regulatory elements, which could potentially regulate expression of the genes and TFs of the Tan module, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves obtained from KMplot and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis tools confirmed that the high expression of EP400 and TIA1 were significantly associated with shorter relapse-free survival and disease-free survival of patients with HCC. Furthermore, the KM curves from the UALCAN database demonstrated that high EP400 expression significantly reduced the overall survival of patients with HCC. EP400 and TIA1 may therefore serve as potential prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Hong
- Clinical Research and Management Center, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hu
- Clinical Research and Management Center, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Zhenping Fan
- Liver Disease Center for Cadre Medical Care, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Rong Gao
- Clinical Research and Management Center, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Ruichuang Yang
- Clinical Research and Management Center, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Jingfeng Bi
- Clinical Research and Management Center, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hou
- Clinical Research and Management Center, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
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Sarvagalla S, Kolapalli SP, Vallabhapurapu S. The Two Sides of YY1 in Cancer: A Friend and a Foe. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1230. [PMID: 31824839 PMCID: PMC6879672 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Yin Yang 1 (YY1), a dual function transcription factor, is known to regulate transcriptional activation and repression of many genes associated with multiple cellular processes including cellular differentiation, DNA repair, autophagy, cell survival vs. apoptosis, and cell division. Owing to its role in processes that upon deregulation are linked to malignant transformation, YY1 has been implicated as a major driver of many cancers. While a large body of evidence supports the role of YY1 as a tumor promoter, recent reports indicated that YY1 also functions as a tumor suppressor. The mechanism by which YY1 brings out opposing outcome in tumor growth vs. suppression is not completely clear and some of the recent reports have provided significant insight into this. Likewise, the mechanism by which YY1 functions both as a transcriptional activator and repressor is not completely clear. It is likely that the proteins with which YY1 interacts might determine its function as an activator or repressor of transcription as well as its role as a tumor suppressor or promoter. Hence, a collection of YY1-protein interactions in the context of different cancers would help us gain an insight into how YY1 promotes or suppresses cancers. This review focuses on the YY1 interacting partners and its target genes in different cancer models. Finally, we discuss the possibility of therapeutically targeting the YY1 in cancers where it functions as a tumor promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailu Sarvagalla
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati, India
| | | | - Sivakumar Vallabhapurapu
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati, India
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13
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Hays E, Bonavida B. YY1 regulates cancer cell immune resistance by modulating PD-L1 expression. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 43:10-28. [PMID: 31005030 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the treatment of various cancers have resulted in the adaptation of several novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Notably, the recent intervention through immune checkpoint inhibitors has resulted in significant clinical responses and prolongation of survival in patients with several therapy-resistant cancers (melanoma, lung, bladder, etc.). This intervention was mediated by various antibodies directed against inhibitory receptors expressed on cytotoxic T-cells or against corresponding ligands expressed on tumor cells and other cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the clinical responses were only observed in a subset of the treated patients; it was not clear why the remaining patients did not respond to checkpoint inhibitor therapies. One hypothesis stated that the levels of PD-L1 expression correlated with poor clinical responses to cell-mediated anti-tumor immunotherapy. Hence, exploring the underlying mechanisms that regulate PD-L1 expression on tumor cells is one approach to target such mechanisms to reduce PD-L1 expression and, therefore, sensitize the resistant tumor cells to respond to PD-1/PD-L1 antibody treatments. Various investigations revealed that the overexpression of the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in most cancers is involved in the regulation of tumor cells' resistance to cell-mediated immunotherapies. We, therefore, hypothesized that the role of YY1 in cancer immune resistance may be correlated with PD-L1 overexpression on cancer cells. This hypothesis was investigated and analysis of the reported literature revealed that several signaling crosstalk pathways exist between the regulations of both YY1 and PD-L1 expressions. Such pathways include p53, miR34a, STAT3, NF-kB, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, c-Myc, and COX-2. Noteworthy, many clinical and pre-clinical drugs have been utilized to target these above pathways in various cancers independent of their roles in the regulation of PD-L1 expression. Therefore, the direct inhibition of YY1 and/or the use of the above targeted drugs in combination with checkpoint inhibitors should result in enhancing the cell-mediated anti-tumor cell response and also reverse the resistance observed with the use of checkpoint inhibitors alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hays
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States.
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Han J, Meng J, Chen S, Wang X, Yin S, Zhang Q, Liu H, Qin R, Li Z, Zhong W, Zhang C, Zhang H, Tang Y, Lin T, Gao W, Zhang X, Yang L, Liu Y, Zhou HG, Sun T, Yang C. YY1 Complex Promotes Quaking Expression via Super-Enhancer Binding during EMT of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1451-1464. [PMID: 30760518 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quaking (QKI) is an alternative splicing factor that can regulate circRNA formation in the progression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, but the mechanism remains unclear. High expression of QKI is correlated with short survival time, metastasis, and high clinical stage and pathology grade in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we report that transcription of the QKI gene was activated by the Yin-Yang 1 (YY1)/p65/p300 complex, in which YY1 bound to the super-enhancer and promoter of QKI, p65 combined with the promoter, and p300 served as a mediator to maintain the stability of the complex. This YY1/p65/p300 complex increased QKI expression to promote the malignancy of HCC as well as an increased circRNA formation in vitro and in vivo. Hyperoside is one of several plant-derived flavonol glycoside compounds. Through virtual screening and antitumor activity analysis, we found that hyperoside inhibited QKI expression by targeting the YY1/p65/p300 complex. Overall, our study suggests that the regulatory mechanism of QKI depends on the YY1/p65/p300 complex and that it may serve as a potential target for treatment of HCC. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings identify the YY1/p65/p300 complex as a regulator of QKI expression, identifying several potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Property, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Property, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Property, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Yin
- OBiO Technology (Shanghai) Corp., Ltd., China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Property, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Property, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.,College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Weilong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanhao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingting Lin
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, TMU, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanfeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Property, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanrong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Property, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Gang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Property, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
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Arribas Arranz J, Winter DN, Drexler HG, Eberth S. Suitability of Yin Yang 1 transcript and protein levels for biomarker studies in B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Biomark Res 2018; 6:11. [PMID: 29564133 PMCID: PMC5850914 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-018-0126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a transcription factor that plays an important role during all stages of B cell differentiation. Several studies reported upregulation of YY1 in B cell derived lymphoma, indicating that it might act as an oncogene. Furthermore, aberrant YY1 expression has been associated with survival in some entities of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), suggesting that YY1 could be a valuable biomarker in B-NHL. However, studies are controversial and methodologically disparate, partially because some studies are based on transcript levels while others rely on YY1 protein data. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the dependence of YY1 protein levels on YY1 transcription. Methods A panel of human cell lines representing different B-NHL subtypes was used to test for the correlation of YY1 mRNA and protein levels which were determined by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. To analyze YY1 mRNA and YY1 protein stability cells were treated with actinomycin-D and cycloheximide, respectively. siRNAs were transfected to knockdown YY1. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed with data from published patient cohorts. Pearson’s correlation analyses were assessed and statistical power was examined by Student’s t-test. Results In the analyzed panel of B-NHL cell lines YY1 transcript levels do not correlate with their cellular protein amounts. YY1 protein levels were unaffected by transient block of transcription or by targeting YY1 mRNA using siRNA. Additionally, global inhibition of translation up to 48 h did not alter protein levels of YY1, indicating that YY1 is a highly stable protein in B-NHL. Furthermore, in a retrospective analysis of two different B-NHL cohorts, YY1 transcript levels had no impact on patients’ survival probabilities. Conclusions Our results point out the necessity to focus on YY1 protein expression to understand the potential role of YY1 as an oncogene and to unravel its suitability as clinical biomarker in B-NHL. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40364-018-0126-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Arribas Arranz
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7 B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dalia Nilufar Winter
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7 B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans Günter Drexler
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7 B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sonja Eberth
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7 B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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