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Han H, Zhang Y, Tang H, Zhou T, Khan A. A Review of the Use of Native and Engineered Probiotics for Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3896. [PMID: 38612706 PMCID: PMC11011422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious global health concern, and researchers have been investigating different strategies to prevent, treat, or support conventional therapies for CRC. This review article comprehensively covers CRC therapy involving wild-type bacteria, including probiotics and oncolytic bacteria as well as genetically modified bacteria. Given the close relationship between CRC and the gut microbiota, it is crucial to compile and present a comprehensive overview of bacterial therapies used in the context of colorectal cancer. It is evident that the use of native and engineered probiotics for colorectal cancer therapy necessitates research focused on enhancing the therapeutic properties of probiotic strains.. Genetically engineered probiotics might be designed to produce particular molecules or to target cancer cells more effectively and cure CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
| | - Haibo Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (H.T.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tuoyu Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (H.T.); (T.Z.)
| | - Aman Khan
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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2
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Zhou T, Wu J, Tang H, Liu D, Jeon BH, Jin W, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Khan A, Han H, Li X. Enhancing tumor-specific recognition of programmable synthetic bacterial consortium for precision therapy of colorectal cancer. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:6. [PMID: 38245564 PMCID: PMC10799920 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics hold promise as a potential therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC), but encounter obstacles related to tumor specificity, drug penetration, and dosage adjustability. In this study, genetic circuits based on the E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) chassis were developed to sense indicators of tumor microenvironment and control the expression of therapeutic payloads. Integration of XOR gate amplify gene switch into EcN biosensors resulted in a 1.8-2.3-fold increase in signal output, as confirmed by mathematical model fitting. Co-culturing programmable EcNs with CRC cells demonstrated a significant reduction in cellular viability ranging from 30% to 50%. This approach was further validated in a mouse subcutaneous tumor model, revealing 47%-52% inhibition of tumor growth upon administration of therapeutic strains. Additionally, in a mouse tumorigenesis model induced by AOM and DSS, the use of synthetic bacterial consortium (SynCon) equipped with multiple sensing modules led to approximately 1.2-fold increased colon length and 2.4-fold decreased polyp count. Gut microbiota analysis suggested that SynCon maintained the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria Lactobacillaceae NK4A136, whereas reducing the level of gut inflammation-related bacteria Bacteroides. Taken together, engineered EcNs confer the advantage of specific recognition of CRC, while SynCon serves to augment the synergistic effect of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuoyu Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingyuan Wu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haibo Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dali Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Weilin Jin
- Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Aman Khan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huawen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Xiangkai Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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3
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Sharma S, Sharma H, Gogoi H. Bacterial immunotherapy: is it a weapon in our arsenal in the fight against cancer? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1277677. [PMID: 38090593 PMCID: PMC10711065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in understanding the genetic basis of cancer have driven alternative treatment approaches. Recent findings have demonstrated the potential of bacteria and it's components to serve as robust theranostic agents for cancer eradication. Compared to traditional cancer therapies like surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, bacteria mediated tumor therapy has exhibited superior cancer suppressing property which is attributed a lot to it's tumor proliferating and accumulating characteristics. Genetically modified bacteria has reduced inherent toxicity and enhanced specificity towards tumor microenvironment. This anti- tumor activity of bacteria is attributed to its toxins and other active components from the cell membrane, cell wall and spores. Furthermore, bacterial genes can be regulated to express and deliver cytokines, antibodies and cancer therapeutics. Although there is less clinical data available, the pre- clinical research clearly indicates the feasibility and potential of bacteria- mediated cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Sharma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Himani Sharma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Himanshu Gogoi
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
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4
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Zahedipour F, Jamialahmadi K, Zamani P, Reza Jaafari M. Improving the efficacy of peptide vaccines in cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110721. [PMID: 37543011 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Peptide vaccines have shown great potential in cancer immunotherapy by targeting tumor antigens and activating the patient's immune system to mount a specific response against cancer cells. However, the efficacy of peptide vaccines in inducing a sustained immune response and achieving clinical benefit remains a major challenge. In this review, we discuss the current status of peptide vaccines in cancer immunotherapy and strategies to improve their efficacy. We summarize the recent advancements in the development of peptide vaccines in pre-clinical and clinical settings, including the use of novel adjuvants, neoantigens, nano-delivery systems, and combination therapies. We also highlight the importance of personalized cancer vaccines, which consider the unique genetic and immunological profiles of individual patients. We also discuss the strategies to enhance the immunogenicity of peptide vaccines such as multivalent peptides, conjugated peptides, fusion proteins, and self-assembled peptides. Although, peptide vaccines alone are weak immunogens, combining peptide vaccines with other immunotherapeutic approaches and developing novel approaches such as personalized vaccines can be promising methods to significantly enhance their efficacy and improve the clinical outcomes for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zahedipour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Jamialahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parvin Zamani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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5
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Lu H, Niu L, Yu L, Jin K, Zhang J, Liu J, Zhu X, Wu Y, Zhang Y. Cancer phototherapy with nano-bacteria biohybrids. J Control Release 2023; 360:133-148. [PMID: 37315693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of light for therapeutic interventions, also known as phototherapy, has been extensively employed in the treatment of a wide range of illnesses, including cancer. Despite the benefits of its non-invasive nature, phototherapy still faces challenges pertaining to the delivery of phototherapeutic agents, phototoxicity, and light delivery. The incorporation of nanomaterials and bacteria in phototherapy has emerged as a promising approach that leverages the unique properties of each component. The resulting nano-bacteria biohybrids exhibit enhanced therapeutic efficacy when compared to either component individually. In this review, we summarize and discuss the various strategies for assembling nano-bacteria biohybrids and their applications in phototherapy. We provide a comprehensive overview of the properties and functionalities of nanomaterials and cells in the biohybrids. Notably, we highlight the roles of bacteria beyond their function as drug vehicles, particularly their capacity to produce bioactive molecules. Despite being in its early stage, the integration of photoelectric nanomaterials and genetically engineered bacteria holds promise as an effective biosystem for antitumor phototherapy. The utilization of nano-bacteria biohybrids in phototherapy is a promising avenue for future investigation, with the potential to enhance treatment outcomes for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Lu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Luqi Niu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lin Yu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kai Jin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore; National University of Singapore Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Wang J, Ghosh D, Maniruzzaman M. Using bugs as drugs: administration of bacteria-related microbes to fight cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114825. [PMID: 37075953 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Driven by the advancement of microbiology and cancer biology, bioengineering of bacteria-related microbes has demonstrated great potential in targeted cancer therapy. Presently, the major administration routes of bacteria-related microbes for cancer treatment include intravenous injection, intratumoral injection, intraperitoneal injection, and oral delivery. Administration routes of bacteria play a key role in anticancer therapeutic efficacy since different delivery approaches might exert an anticancer effect through diverse mechanisms. Herein, we provide an overview of the primary routes of bacteria administration as well as their advantages and limitations. Furthermore, we discuss that microencapsulation can overcome the current challenges of direct administration of free bacteria. We also review the latest advancements in combining functional particles with engineered bacteria to fight against cancer, which can be further coupled with conventional anticancer therapies to improve the therapeutic effect. Eventually, we highlight the application prospect of bioprinting in cancer bacteriotherapy, which enables the long-term sustained delivery and individualized dose regimen, representing a new paradigm for personalized cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Debadyuti Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Mohammed Maniruzzaman
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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7
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Constitutive Expression of a Cytotoxic Anticancer Protein in Tumor-Colonizing Bacteria. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051486. [PMID: 36900277 PMCID: PMC10000871 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cancer therapy is a promising next-generation modality to treat cancer that often uses tumor-colonizing bacteria to deliver cytotoxic anticancer proteins. However, the expression of cytotoxic anticancer proteins in bacteria that accumulate in the nontumoral reticuloendothelial system (RES), mainly the liver and spleen, is considered detrimental. This study examined the fate of the Escherichia coli strain MG1655 and an attenuated strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum) with defective ppGpp synthesis after intravenous injection into tumor-bearing mice (~108 colony forming units/animal). Approximately 10% of the injected bacteria were detected initially in the RES, whereas approximately 0.01% were in tumor tissues. The bacteria in the tumor tissue proliferated vigorously to up to 109 colony forming units/g tissue, whereas those in the RES died off. RNA analysis revealed that tumor-associated E. coli activated rrnB operon genes encoding the rRNA building block of ribosome needed most during the exponential stage of growth, whereas those in the RES expressed substantially decreased levels of this gene and were cleared soon presumably by innate immune systems. Based on this finding, we engineered ΔppGpp S. Gallinarum to express constitutively a recombinant immunotoxin comprising TGFα and the Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE38) using a constitutive exponential phase promoter, the ribosomal RNA promoter rrnB P1. The construct exerted anticancer effects on mice grafted with mouse colon (CT26) or breast (4T1) tumor cells without any notable adverse effects, suggesting that constitutive expression of cytotoxic anticancer protein from rrnB P1 occurred only in tumor tissue.
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8
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Ghadaksaz A, Imani Fooladi AA, Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini H, Nejad Satari T, Amin M. Targeting the EGFR in cancer cells by fusion protein consisting of arazyme and third loop of TGF-alpha: an in silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:11744-11757. [PMID: 34379041 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1963318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer effects of arazyme, a bacterial metalloprotease, have been revealed in previous studies. Because of the overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in tumor cells, targeting this receptor is one of the approaches to cancer therapy. In the present study, we designed fusion protein by using a non-mitogenic binding sequence of TGFα, arazyme, and a suitable linker. The I-TASSER and Robetta web servers were employed to predict the territory structures of the Arazyme-linker-TGFαL3, and TGFαL3-linker-Arazyme. Then, models were validated by using PROCHECK, ERRAT, ProSA, and MolProbity web servers. After docking to EGFR, Arazyme-linker-TGFαL3 showed a higher binding affinity and was selected to be optimized through 100 ns Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. Next, the stability of ligand-bound receptor was examined utilizing MD simulation for 100 ns. Furthermore, the binding free energy calculation and free energy decomposition were carried out employing MM-PBSA and MM-GBSA methods, respectively. The root mean square deviation and fluctuation (RMSD, RMSF), the radius of gyration, H-bond, and binding free energy analysis revealed the stability of the complex during simulation time. Finally, linear and conformational epitopes of B cells, as well as MHC class I and MHC class II were predicted by using different web servers. Meanwhile, the potential B cell and T cell epitopes were identified throughout arazyme protein sequence. Collectively, this study suggests a novel chimera protein candidate prevent cancer cells potentially by inducing an immune response and inhibiting cell proliferation. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolamir Ghadaksaz
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taher Nejad Satari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amin
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, and The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Recent advances in microbial toxin-related strategies to combat cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:753-768. [PMID: 34271147 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It is a major concern to treat cancer successfully, due to the distinctive pathophysiology of cancer cells and the gradual manifestation of resistance. Specific action, adverse effects and development of resistance has prompted the urgent requirement of exploring alternative anti-tumour treatment therapies. The naturally derived microbial toxins as a therapy against cancer cells are a promisingly new dimension. Various important microbial toxins such as Diphtheria toxin, Vibrio cholera toxin, Aflatoxin, Patulin, Cryptophycin-55, Chlorella are derived from several bacterial, fungal and algal species. These agents act on different biotargets such as inhibition of protein synthesis, reduction in cell growth, regulation of cell cycle and many cellular processes. Bacterial toxins produce actions primarily by targeting protein moieties and some immunomodulation and few acts through DNA. Fungal toxins appear to have more DNA damaging activity and affect the cell cycle. Algal toxins produce alteration in mitochondrial phosphorylation. In conclusion, microbial toxins and their metabolites appear to have a great potential to provide a promising option for the treatment and management to combat cancer.
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Diwan D, Cheng L, Usmani Z, Sharma M, Holden N, Willoughby N, Sangwan N, Baadhe RR, Liu C, Gupta VK. Microbial cancer therapeutics: A promising approach. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:931-950. [PMID: 33979677 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The success of conventional cancer therapeutics is hindered by associated dreadful side-effects of antibiotic resistance and the dearth of antitumor drugs' selectivity and specificity. Hence, the conceptual evolution of anti-cancerous therapeutic agents that selectively target cancer cells without impacting the healthy cells or tissues, has led to a new wave of scientific interest in microbial-derived bioactive molecules. Such strategic solutions may pave the way to surmount the shortcomings of conventional therapies and raise the potential and hope for the cure of wide range of cancer in a selective manner. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of anti-carcinogenic properties and underlying mechanisms of bioactive molecules of microbial origin, and discuss the current challenges and effective therapeutic application of combinatorial strategies to attain minimal systemic side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Diwan
- Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 230032, China
| | - Zeba Usmani
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Food Technology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, 173101, India
| | - Nicola Holden
- Centre for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Nicholas Willoughby
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Neelam Sangwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Rama Raju Baadhe
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Chenchen Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK; Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
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11
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Liu Y, Feng J, Pan H, Zhang X, Zhang Y. Genetically engineered bacterium: Principles, practices, and prospects. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:997587. [PMID: 36312915 PMCID: PMC9606703 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.997587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in synthetic biology and the clinical application of bacteriotherapy enable the use of genetically engineered bacteria (GEB) to combat various diseases. GEB act as a small ‘machine factory’ in the intestine or other tissues to continuously produce heterologous proteins or molecular compounds and, thus, diagnose or cure disease or work as an adjuvant reagent for disease treatment by regulating the immune system. Although the achievements of GEBs in the treatment or adjuvant therapy of diseases are promising, the practical implementation of this new therapeutic modality remains a grand challenge, especially at the initial stage. In this review, we introduce the development of GEBs and their advantages in disease management, summarize the latest research advances in microbial genetic techniques, and discuss their administration routes, performance indicators and the limitations of GEBs used as platforms for disease management. We also present several examples of GEB applications in the treatment of cancers and metabolic diseases and further highlight their great potential for clinical application in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hangcheng Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuwei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuwei Zhang,
| | - Yunlei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Yunlei Zhang,
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12
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Salmonella as a Promising Curative Tool against Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102100. [PMID: 36297535 PMCID: PMC9609134 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria-mediated cancer therapy has become a topic of interest under the broad umbrella of oncotherapy. Among many bacterial species, Salmonella remains at the forefront due to its ability to localize and proliferate inside tumor microenvironments and often suppress tumor growth. Salmonella Typhimurium is one of the most promising mediators, with engineering plasticity and cancer specificity. It can be used to deliver toxins that induce cell death in cancer cells specifically, and also as a cancer-specific instrument for immunotherapy by delivering tumor antigens and exposing the tumor environment to the host immune system. Salmonella can be used to deliver prodrug converting enzymes unambiguously against cancer. Though positive responses in Salmonella-mediated cancer treatments are still at a preliminary level, they have paved the way for developing combinatorial therapy with conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, and can be used synergistically to combat multi-drug resistant and higher-stage cancers. With this background, Salmonella-mediated cancer therapy was approved for clinical trials by U.S. Food and Drug Administration, but the results were not satisfactory and more pre-clinical investigation is needed. This review summarizes the recent advancements in Salmonella-mediated oncotherapy in the fight against cancer. The present article emphasizes the demand for Salmonella mutants with high stringency toward cancer and with amenable elements of safety by virulence deletions.
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Becerra-Báez EI, Meza-Toledo SE, Muñoz-López P, Flores-Martínez LF, Fraga-Pérez K, Magaño-Bocanegra KJ, Juárez-Hernández U, Mateos-Chávez AA, Luria-Pérez R. Recombinant Attenuated Salmonella enterica as a Delivery System of Heterologous Molecules in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174224. [PMID: 36077761 PMCID: PMC9454573 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is among the main causes of death of millions of individuals worldwide. Although survival has improved with conventional treatments, the appearance of resistant cancer cells leads to patient relapses. It is, therefore, necessary to find new antitumor therapies that can completely eradicate transformed cells. Bacteria-based tumor therapy represents a promising alternative treatment, particularly the use of live-attenuated Salmonella enterica, with its potential use as a delivery system of antitumor heterologous molecules such as tumor-associated antigens, cytotoxic molecules, immunomodulatory molecules, pro-apoptotic proteins, nucleic acids, and nanoparticles. In this review, we present the state of the art of current preclinical and clinical research on the use of Salmonella enterica as a potential therapeutic ally in the war against cancer. Abstract Over a century ago, bacterial extracts were found to be useful in cancer therapy, but this treatment modality was obviated for decades. Currently, in spite of the development and advances in chemotherapies and radiotherapy, failure of these conventional treatments still represents a major issue in the complete eradication of tumor cells and has led to renewed approaches with bacteria-based tumor therapy as an alternative treatment. In this context, live-attenuated bacteria, particularly Salmonella enterica, have demonstrated tumor selectivity, intrinsic oncolytic activity, and the ability to induce innate or specific antitumor immune responses. Moreover, Salmonella enterica also has strong potential as a delivery system of tumor-associated antigens, cytotoxic molecules, immunomodulatory molecules, pro-apoptotic proteins, and nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells, in a process known as bactofection and antitumor nanoparticles. In this review, we present the state of the art of current preclinical and clinical research on the use of Salmonella enterica as a potential therapeutic ally in the war against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elayne Irene Becerra-Báez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Sergio Enrique Meza-Toledo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Paola Muñoz-López
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Luis Fernando Flores-Martínez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Karla Fraga-Pérez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Kevin Jorge Magaño-Bocanegra
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Uriel Juárez-Hernández
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Armando Alfredo Mateos-Chávez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Rosendo Luria-Pérez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-52289917 (ext. 4401)
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14
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Engineered microbial systems for advanced drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114364. [PMID: 35654214 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human body is a natural habitat for a multitude of microorganisms, with bacteria being the major constituent of the microbiota. These bacteria colonize discrete anatomical locations that provide suitable conditions for their survival. Many bacterial species, both symbiotic and pathogenic, interact with the host via biochemical signaling. Based on these attributes, commensal and attenuated pathogenic bacteria have been engineered to deliver therapeutic molecules to target specific diseases. Recent advances in synthetic biology have enabled us to perform complex genetic modifications in live bacteria and bacteria-derived particles, which simulate micron or submicron lipid-based vectors, for the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. In this review, we highlight various examples of engineered bacteria or bacteria-derived particles that encapsulate, secrete, or surface-display therapeutic molecules for the treatment or prevention of various diseases. The review highlights recent studies on (i) the production of therapeutics by microbial cell factories, (ii) disease-triggered release of therapeutics by sense and respond systems, (iii) bacteria targeting tumor hypoxia, and (iv) bacteria-derived particles as chassis for drug delivery. In addition, we discuss the potential of such drug delivery systems to be translated into clinical therapies.
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15
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Wu L, Bao F, Li L, Yin X, Hua Z. Bacterially mediated drug delivery and therapeutics: Strategies and advancements. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114363. [PMID: 35649449 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It was already clinically apparent 150 years ago that bacterial therapy could alleviate diseases. Recently, a burgeoning number of researchers have been using bacterial regimens filled with microbial therapeutic leads to diagnose and treat a wide range of disorders and diseases, including cancers, inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders and viral infections. Some bacteria that were designed to have low toxicity and high efficiency in drug delivery have been used to treat diseases successfully, especially in tumor therapy in animal models or clinical trials, thanks to the progress of genetic engineering and synthetic bioengineering. Therefore, genetically engineered bacteria can serve as efficient drug delivery vehicles, carrying nucleic acids or genetic circuits that encode and regulate therapeutic payloads. In this review, we summarize the development and applications of this approach. Strategies for genetically modifying strains are described in detail, along with their objectives. We also describe some controlled strategies for drug delivery and release using these modified strains as carriers. Furthermore, we discuss treatment methods for various types of diseases using engineered bacteria. Tumors are discussed as the most representative example, and other diseases are also briefly described. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of drug delivery systems based on these bacteria.
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16
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Pang Z, Gu MD, Tang T. Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cancer Therapy: Current Knowledge, Challenges and Future Perspectives. Front Oncol 2022; 12:891187. [PMID: 35574361 PMCID: PMC9095937 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance, undesirable toxicity and lack of selectivity are the major challenges of conventional cancer therapies, which cause poor clinical outcomes and high mortality in many cancer patients. Development of alternative cancer therapeutics are highly required for the patients who are resistant to the conventional cancer therapies, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The success of a new cancer therapy depends on its high specificity to cancer cells and low toxicity to normal cells. Utilization of bacteria has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Attenuated or genetically modified bacteria were used to inhibit tumor growth, modulate host immunity, or deliver anti-tumor agents. The bacteria-derived immunotoxins were capable of destructing tumors with high specificity. These bacteria-based strategies for cancer treatment have shown potent anti-tumor effects both in vivo and in vitro, and some of them have proceeded to clinical trials. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen, is one of the common bacteria used in development of bacteria-based cancer therapy, particularly known for the Pseudomonas exotoxin A-based immunotoxins, which have shown remarkable anti-tumor efficacy and specificity. This review concisely summarizes the current knowledge regarding the utilization of P. aeruginosa in cancer treatment, and discusses the challenges and future perspectives of the P. aeruginosa-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Pang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Meng-Di Gu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Tang
- School of Art & Design, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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17
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Pandey M, Choudhury H, Vijayagomaran PA, Lian PNP, Ning TJ, Wai NZ, Xian-Zhuang N, Le Er C, Rahmah NSN, Kamaruzzaman NDB, Mayuren J, Candasamy M, Gorain B, Chawla PA, Amin MCIM. Recent Update on Bacteria as a Delivery Carrier in Cancer Therapy: From Evil to Allies. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1115-1134. [PMID: 35386012 PMCID: PMC8985562 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is associated with a comprehensive burden that significantly affects patient’s quality of life. Even though patients’ disease condition is improving following conventional therapies, researchers are studying alternative tools that can penetrate solid tumours to deliver the therapeutics due to issues of developing resistance by the cancer cells. Treating cancer is not the only the goal in cancer therapy; it also includes protecting non-cancerous cells from the toxic effects of anti-cancer agents. Thus, various advanced techniques, such as cell-based drug delivery, bacteria-mediated therapy, and nanoparticles, are devised for site-specific delivery of drugs. One of the novel methods that can be targeted to deliver anti-cancer agents is by utilising genetically modified non-pathogenic bacterial species. This is due to the ability of bacterial species to multiply selectively or non-selectively on tumour cells, resulting in biofilms that leads to disruption of metastasis process. In preclinical studies, this technology has shown significant results in terms of efficacy, and some are currently under investigation. Therefore, researchers have conducted studies on bacteria transporting the anti-cancer drug to targeted tumours. Alternatively, bacterial ghosts and bacterial spores are utilised to deliver anti-cancer drugs. Although in vivo studies of bacteria-mediated cancer therapy have shown successful outcome, further research on bacteria, specifically their targeting mechanism, is required to establish a complete clinical approach in cancer treatment. This review has focused on the up-to-date understanding of bacteria as a therapeutic carrier in the treatment of cancer as an emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Pauline Ng Poh Lian
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tan Jing Ning
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ng Zing Wai
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ng Xian-Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chong Le Er
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Jayashree Mayuren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy Moga, Ghall Kalan, Punjab, India
| | - Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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18
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Bacteria and bacterial derivatives as delivery carriers for immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114085. [PMID: 34933064 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the role of microorganisms in human health and disease, with evidence showing that new types of biotherapy using engineered bacterial therapeutics, including bacterial derivatives, can address specific mechanisms of disease. The complex interactions between microorganisms and metabolic/immunologic pathways underlie many diseases with unmet medical needs, suggesting that targeting these interactions may improve patient treatment. Using tools from synthetic biology and chemical engineering, non-pathogenic bacteria or bacterial products can be programmed and designed to sense and respond to environmental signals to deliver therapeutic effectors. This review describes current progress in biotherapy using live bacteria and their derivatives to achieve therapeutic benefits against various diseases.
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19
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Gupta KH, Nowicki C, Giurini EF, Marzo AL, Zloza A. Bacterial-Based Cancer Therapy (BBCT): Recent Advances, Current Challenges, and Future Prospects for Cancer Immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121497. [PMID: 34960243 PMCID: PMC8707929 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently approximately 10 million people die each year due to cancer, and cancer is the cause of every sixth death worldwide. Tremendous efforts and progress have been made towards finding a cure for cancer. However, numerous challenges have been faced due to adverse effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and alternative cancer therapies, including toxicity to non-cancerous cells, the inability of drugs to reach deep tumor tissue, and the persistent problem of increasing drug resistance in tumor cells. These challenges have increased the demand for the development of alternative approaches with greater selectivity and effectiveness against tumor cells. Cancer immunotherapy has made significant advancements towards eliminating cancer. Our understanding of cancer-directed immune responses and the mechanisms through which immune cells invade tumors have extensively helped us in the development of new therapies. Among immunotherapies, the application of bacteria and bacterial-based products has promising potential to be used as treatments that combat cancer. Bacterial targeting of tumors has been developed as a unique therapeutic option that meets the ongoing challenges of cancer treatment. In comparison with other cancer therapeutics, bacterial-based therapies have capabilities for suppressing cancer. Bacteria are known to accumulate and proliferate in the tumor microenvironment and initiate antitumor immune responses. We are currently well-informed regarding various methods by which bacteria can be manipulated by simple genetic engineering or synthetic bioengineering to induce the production of anti-cancer drugs. Further, bacterial-based cancer therapy (BBCT) can be either used as a monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer therapies for better clinical outcomes. Here, we review recent advances, current challenges, and prospects of bacteria and bacterial products in the development of BBCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal H. Gupta
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Cell Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.H.G.); (C.N.); (E.F.G.); (A.L.M.)
- Division of Translational and Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Christina Nowicki
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Cell Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.H.G.); (C.N.); (E.F.G.); (A.L.M.)
- Division of Translational and Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Eileena F. Giurini
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Cell Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.H.G.); (C.N.); (E.F.G.); (A.L.M.)
- Division of Translational and Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Amanda L. Marzo
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Cell Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.H.G.); (C.N.); (E.F.G.); (A.L.M.)
- Division of Translational and Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Andrew Zloza
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Cell Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.H.G.); (C.N.); (E.F.G.); (A.L.M.)
- Division of Translational and Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence:
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20
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Allemailem KS. Innovative Approaches of Engineering Tumor-Targeting Bacteria with Different Therapeutic Payloads to Fight Cancer: A Smart Strategy of Disease Management. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:8159-8184. [PMID: 34938075 PMCID: PMC8687692 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s338272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional therapies for cancer eradication like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, even though most widely used, still suffer from some disappointing outcomes. The limitations of these therapies during cancer recurrence and metastasis demonstrate the need for better alternatives. Some bacteria preferentially colonize and proliferate inside tumor mass; thus these bacteria can be used as ideal candidates to deliver antitumor therapeutic agents. The bacteria like Bacillus spp., Clostridium spp., E. coli, Listeria spp., and Salmonella spp. can be reprogrammed to produce, transport, and deliver anticancer agents, eg, cytotoxic agents, prodrug converting enzymes, immunomodulators, tumor stroma targeting agents, siRNA, and drug-loaded nanoformulations based on clinical requirements. In addition, these bacteria can be genetically modified to express various functional proteins and targeting ligands that can enhance the targeting approach and controlled drug-delivery. Low tumor-targeting and weak penetration power deep inside the tumor mass limits the use of anticancer drug-nanoformulations. By using anticancer drug nanoformulations and other therapeutic payloads in combination with antitumor bacteria, it makes a synergistic effect against cancer by overcoming the individual limitations. The tumor-targeting bacteria can be either used as a monotherapy or in addition with other anticancer therapies like photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and magnetic field therapy to accomplish better clinical outcomes. The toxicity issues on normal tissues is the main concern regarding the use of engineered antitumor bacteria, which requires deeper research. In this article, the mechanism by which bacteria sense tumor microenvironment, role of some anticancer agents, and the recent advancement of engineering bacteria with different therapeutic payloads to combat cancers has been reviewed. In addition, future prospective and some clinical trials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Stott K, Phillips B, Parry L, May S. Recent advancements in the exploitation of the gut microbiome in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20204113. [PMID: 34236075 PMCID: PMC8314433 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades it has been established that the complex interaction between the host and the multitude of organisms that compose the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in human metabolic health and disease. Whilst there is no defined consensus on the composition of a healthy microbiome due to confounding factors such as ethnicity, geographical locations, age and sex, there are undoubtably populations of microbes that are consistently dysregulated in gut diseases including colorectal cancer (CRC). In this review, we discuss the most recent advances in the application of the gut microbiota, not just bacteria, and derived microbial compounds in the diagnosis of CRC and the potential to exploit microbes as novel agents in the management and treatment of CRC. We highlight examples of the microbiota, and their derivatives, that have the potential to become standalone diagnostic tools or be used in combination with current screening techniques to improve sensitivity and specificity for earlier CRC diagnoses and provide a perspective on their potential as biotherapeutics with translatability to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J. Stott
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, U.K
| | - Bethan Phillips
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, U.K
| | - Lee Parry
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, U.K
| | - Stephanie May
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, U.K
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22
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Yang M, Yang F, Chen W, Liu S, Qiu L, Chen J. Bacteria-mediated cancer therapies: opportunities and challenges. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5732-5744. [PMID: 34313267 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00634g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, cancer therapy strategies utilizing live tumor-targeting bacteria have presented unique advantages. Engineered bacteria have the particular ability to distinguish tumors from normal tissues with less toxicity. Live bacteria are naturally capable of homing to tumors, resulting in high levels of local colonization because of insufficient oxygen and low pH in the tumor microenvironment. Bacteria initiate their antitumor effects by directly killing the tumor or by activating innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses. The bacterial vectors can be reprogrammed following advanced DNA synthesis, sophisticated genetic bioengineering, and biosensors to engineer microorganisms with complex functions, and then produce and deliver anticancer agents based on clinical needs. However, because of the lack of knowledge on the mechanisms and side effects of microbial cancer therapy, developing such smart microorganisms to treat or prevent cancer remains a significant challenge. In this review, we summarized the potential, status, opportunities and challenges of this growing field. We illustrated the mechanism of tumor regression induced by engineered bacteria and discussed the recent advances in the application of bacteria-mediated cancer therapy to improve efficacy, safety and drug delivery. Finally, we shared our insights into the future directions of tumor-targeting bacteria in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyang Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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23
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Wu T, Zhu J. Recent development and optimization of pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin immunotoxins in cancer therapeutic applications. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107759. [PMID: 34162138 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant immunotoxins are fusion proteins composed of a peptide toxin and a specific targeting domain through genetic recombination. They are engineered to recognize disease-specific target receptors and kill the cell upon internalization. Full-sized monoclonal antibodies, smaller antibody fragments and ligands, such as a cytokine or a growth factor, have been commonly used as the targeting domain, while bacterial Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin (PE) is the usual toxin fusion partner, due to its natural cytotoxicity and other unique advantages. PE-based recombinant immunotoxins have shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of tumors and autoimmune diseases. At the same time, efforts are underway to address major challenges, including immunogenicity, nonspecific cytotoxicity and poor penetration, which limit their clinical applications. Recent strategies for structural optimization of PE-based immunotoxins, combined with mutagenesis approaches, have reduced the immunogenicity and non-specific cytotoxicity, thus increasing both their safety and efficacy. This review highlights novel insights and design concepts that were used to advance immunotoxins for the treatment of hematological and solid tumors and also presents future development prospect of PE-based recombinant immunotoxins that are expected to play an important role in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, MOE, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, MOE, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Jecho Laboratories, Inc., Frederick, MD 21704, USA.
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24
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Badie F, Ghandali M, Tabatabaei SA, Safari M, Khorshidi A, Shayestehpour M, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Morshedi K, Jalili A, Tajiknia V, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Use of Salmonella Bacteria in Cancer Therapy: Direct, Drug Delivery and Combination Approaches. Front Oncol 2021; 11:624759. [PMID: 33738260 PMCID: PMC7960920 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.624759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, conventional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy with only a limited specificity for tumors, have undergone significant improvement. Moreover, newer therapies such as immunotherapy have undergone a revolution to stimulate the innate as well as adaptive immune responses against the tumor. However, it has been found that tumors can be selectively colonized by certain bacteria, where they can proliferate, and exert direct oncolytic effects as well as stimulating the immune system. Bacterial-mediated cancer therapy (BMCT) is now one example of a hot topic in the antitumor field. Salmonella typhimurium is a Gram-negative species that generally causes self-limiting gastroenteritis in humans. This species has been designed and engineered in order to be used in cancer-targeted therapeutics. S. typhimurium can be used in combination with other treatments such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy for synergistic modification of the tumor microenvironment. Considerable benefits have been shown by using engineered attenuated strains for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Some of these treatment approaches have received FDA approval for early-phase clinical trials. This review summarizes the use of Salmonella bacteria for cancer therapy, which could pave the way towards routine clinical application. The benefits of this therapy include an automatic self-targeting ability, and the possibility of genetic manipulation to produce newly engineered attenuated strains. Nevertheless, Salmonella-mediated anticancer therapy has not yet been clinically established, and requires more research before its use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Badie
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghandali
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Tabatabaei
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Safari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Khorshidi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shayestehpour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Korosh Morshedi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amin Jalili
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vida Tajiknia
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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25
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Abstract
Bacteria possess many unique properties in treating cancer that are unachievable with standard methods, including specific tumor targeting, deep tissue penetration, and programmable therapeutic efficacy. Bacteria species such as Salmonella, Escherichia, Clostridium, and Listeria have been demonstrated to restrict tumor growth with improved prognosis in mice models. Moreover, some bacterial strains were advanced to clinical trials. This Spotlight on Applications summarizes general strategies for engineering living bacteria to fight cancer and provides examples to illustrate different approaches to engineer bacteria for safety and therapeutic index improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Rong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.,School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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26
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Sieow BFL, Wun KS, Yong WP, Hwang IY, Chang MW. Tweak to Treat: Reprograming Bacteria for Cancer Treatment. Trends Cancer 2020; 7:447-464. [PMID: 33303401 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in cancer biology, microbiology, and bioengineering have spurred the development of engineered live biotherapeutics for targeted cancer therapy. In particular, natural tumor-targeting and probiotic bacteria have been engineered for controlled and sustained delivery of anticancer agents into the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we review the latest advancements in the development of engineered bacteria for cancer therapy and additional engineering strategies to potentiate the delivery of therapeutic payloads. We also explore the use of combination therapies comprising both engineered bacteria and conventional anticancer therapies for addressing intratumor heterogeneity. Finally, we discuss prospects for the development and clinical translation of engineered bacteria for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Fu-Long Sieow
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwok Soon Wun
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Peng Yong
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - In Young Hwang
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Matthew Wook Chang
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Sawant SS, Patil SM, Gupta V, Kunda NK. Microbes as Medicines: Harnessing the Power of Bacteria in Advancing Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207575. [PMID: 33066447 PMCID: PMC7589870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional anti-cancer therapy involves the use of chemical chemotherapeutics and radiation and are often non-specific in action. The development of drug resistance and the inability of the drug to penetrate the tumor cells has been a major pitfall in current treatment. This has led to the investigation of alternative anti-tumor therapeutics possessing greater specificity and efficacy. There is a significant interest in exploring the use of microbes as potential anti-cancer medicines. The inherent tropism of the bacteria for hypoxic tumor environment and its ability to be genetically engineered as a vector for gene and drug therapy has led to the development of bacteria as a potential weapon against cancer. In this review, we will introduce bacterial anti-cancer therapy with an emphasis on the various mechanisms involved in tumor targeting and tumor suppression. The bacteriotherapy approaches in conjunction with the conventional cancer therapy can be effective in designing novel cancer therapies. We focus on the current progress achieved in bacterial cancer therapies that show potential in advancing existing cancer treatment options and help attain positive clinical outcomes with minimal systemic side-effects.
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28
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Lim D, Jung WC, Jeong JH, Song M. Targeted Delivery of the Mitochondrial Target Domain of Noxa to Tumor Tissue via Synthetic Secretion System in E. coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:840. [PMID: 32766235 PMCID: PMC7379172 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery of drugs is a key aspect of the successful treatment of serious conditions such as tumors. In the pursuit of accurate delivery with high specificity and low size limit for peptide drugs, a synthetic type 3 secretion system (T3SS) has been repurposed from a native genetic system encoded in Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 (SPI-1) with no virulence effectors. Here, we tested the potential of synthetic T3SS as drug delivery machinery for peptide-based drugs owing to its modular nature. First, the genetic system for synthetic T3SS was introduced into non-native host E. coli, which was chosen for its lack of Salmonella-driven virulence factors. Next, the mitochondrial targeting domain (MTD) of Noxa was tested as a cargo protein with anti-tumor activity. To this end, the gene encoding MTD was engineered for secretion through synthetic T3SS, thereby resulting in the tagged MTD at the N-terminus. When E. coli carrying synthetic T3SS and MTD on plasmids was administered into tumor-bearing mice, MTD with a secretion tag at the N-terminus was clearly detected in the tumor tissue after induction. Also, the tumor growth and mortality of tumor-bearing animals were mitigated by the cytotoxic activity of the delivered. Thus, this work potentiates the use of biotherapeutic bacteria for the treatment of tumors by implanting a dedicated delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daejin Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Woong Chae Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Miryoung Song
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, South Korea
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29
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Lu JQ, Zhu ZN, Zheng YT, Shaw PC. Engineering of Ribosome-inactivating Proteins for Improving Pharmacological Properties. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12030167. [PMID: 32182799 PMCID: PMC7150887 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are N-glycosidases, which depurinate a specific adenine residue in the conserved α-sarcin/ricin loop (α-SRL) of rRNA. This loop is important for anchoring elongation factor (EF-G for prokaryote or eEF2 for eukaryote) in mRNA translocation. Translation is inhibited after the attack. RIPs therefore may have been applied for anti-cancer, and anti-virus and other therapeutic applications. The main obstacles of treatment with RIPs include short plasma half-life, non-selective cytotoxicity and antigenicity. This review focuses on the strategies used to improve the pharmacological properties of RIPs on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cancers. Coupling with polyethylene glycol (PEG) increases plasma time and reduces antigenicity. RIPs conjugated with antibodies to form immunotoxins increase the selective toxicity to target cells. The prospects for future development on the engineering of RIPs for improving their pharmacological properties are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Lu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 99077, China; (J.-Q.L.); (Z.-N.Z.)
| | - Zhen-Ning Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 99077, China; (J.-Q.L.); (Z.-N.Z.)
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, National Kunming High level Biosafety Research Center for Non-human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China;
| | - Pang-Chui Shaw
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 99077, China; (J.-Q.L.); (Z.-N.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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30
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Zhang M, Li M, Du L, Zeng J, Yao T, Jin Y. Paclitaxel-in-liposome-in-bacteria for inhalation treatment of primary lung cancer. Int J Pharm 2020; 578:119177. [PMID: 32105724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial therapy is emerging for the treatment of cancers though some scientific and clinical problems have not been addressed. Here, a live drug-loaded carrier, paclitaxel-in-liposome-in-bacteria (LPB), was prepared for inhalation treatment of primary lung cancer, where liposomal paclitaxel (LP) was highly effectively internalized into bacteria (E. coli or L. casei) to get LP-in-E. coli (LPE) or LP-in-L. casei (LPL) by electroporation that had no influence on the growth of these bacteria. Bacteria, LP, the simple mixture of LP and bacteria, and LPB remarkably inhibited the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells, where LPE was the strongest one. Drug-loaded bacteria delivered the cargos into the cells more quickly than the mixture of drugs and bacteria and the cargos alone. LPE also showed the highest anticancer effect on the rat primary lung cancer among them with the downregulation of VEGF and HIF-1α and the improvement of cancer cell apoptosis after intratracheal administration. Moreover, the bacterial formulations significantly enhanced the expressions of immune markers (TNF-α, IL-4, and IFN-γ) and immune cells (leukocytes and neutrophils). LPB showed much higher bacterial distribution in the lung than other organs after intratracheal administration. LPB is a promising medicine for inhalation treatment of primary lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lina Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ji Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Tianbing Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yiguang Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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31
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Guo Y, Chen Y, Liu X, Min JJ, Tan W, Zheng JH. Targeted cancer immunotherapy with genetically engineered oncolytic Salmonella typhimurium. Cancer Lett 2020; 469:102-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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32
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Broadway KM, Scharf BE. Salmonella Typhimurium as an Anticancer Therapy: Recent Advances and Perspectives. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-019-00132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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33
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Development of bacteria as diagnostics and therapeutics by genetic engineering. J Microbiol 2019; 57:637-643. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-9105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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34
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Wei Q, Ramsey SA, Larson MK, Berlow NE, Ochola D, Shiprack C, Kashyap A, Séguin B, Keller C, Löhr CV. Elucidating the transcriptional program of feline injection-site sarcoma using a cross-species mRNA-sequencing approach. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:311. [PMID: 30947707 PMCID: PMC6449919 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline injection-site sarcoma (FISS), an aggressive iatrogenic subcutaneous malignancy, is challenging to manage clinically and little is known about the molecular basis of its pathogenesis. Tumor transcriptome profiling has proved valuable for gaining insights into the molecular basis of cancers and for identifying new therapeutic targets. Here, we report the first study of the FISS transcriptome and the first cross-species comparison of the FISS transcriptome with those of anatomically similar soft-tissue sarcomas in dogs and humans. METHODS Using high-throughput short-read paired-end sequencing, we comparatively profiled FISS tumors vs. normal tissue samples as well as cultured FISS-derived cell lines vs. skin-derived fibroblasts. We analyzed the mRNA-seq data to compare cancer/normal gene expression level, identify biological processes and molecular pathways that are associated with the pathogenesis of FISS, and identify multimegabase genomic regions of potential somatic copy number alteration (SCNA) in FISS. We additionally conducted cross-species analyses to compare the transcriptome of FISS to those of soft-tissue sarcomas in dogs and humans, at the level of cancer/normal gene expression ratios. RESULTS We found: (1) substantial differential expression biases in feline orthologs of human oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes suggesting conserved functions in FISS; (2) a genomic region with recurrent SCNA in human sarcomas that is syntenic to a feline genomic region of probable SCNA in FISS; and (3) significant overlap of the pattern of transcriptional alterations in FISS with the patterns of transcriptional alterations in soft-tissue sarcomas in humans and in dogs. We demonstrated that a protein, BarH-like homeobox 1 (BARX1), has increased expression in FISS cells at the protein level. We identified 11 drugs and four target proteins as potential new therapies for FISS, and validated that one of them (GSK-1059615) inhibits growth of FISS-derived cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS (1) Window-based analysis of mRNA-seq data can uncover SCNAs. (2) The transcriptome of FISS-derived cells is highly consistent with that of FISS tumors. (3) FISS is highly similar to soft-tissue sarcomas in dogs and humans, at the level of gene expression. This work underscores the potential utility of comparative oncology in improving understanding and treatment of FISS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Stephen A Ramsey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| | - Maureen K Larson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Noah E Berlow
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Donasian Ochola
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Amita Kashyap
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Bernard Séguin
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Charles Keller
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Christiane V Löhr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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Liang K, Liu Q, Li P, Luo H, Wang H, Kong Q. Genetically engineered Salmonella Typhimurium: Recent advances in cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2019; 448:168-181. [PMID: 30753837 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria have been investigated as anti-tumor therapeutic agents for more than a century, since Coley first observed successful curing of a patient with inoperable cancer by injection of streptococcal organisms. Previous studies have demonstrated that some obligate or facultative anaerobes can selectively accumulate and proliferate within tumors and suppress their growth. Developments in molecular biology as well as the complete genome sequencing of many bacterial species have increased the applicability of bacterial organisms for cancer treatment. In particular, the facultative anaerobe Salmonella Typhimurium has been widely studied and genetically engineered to improve its tumor-targeting ability as well as to reduce bacterial virulence. Moreover, the effectiveness of engineered attenuated S. Typhimurium strains employed as live delivery vectors of various anti-tumor therapeutic agents or combined with other therapies has been evaluated in a large number of animal experiments. The well-known S. Typhimurium mutant VNP20009 and its derivative strain TAPET-CD have even been applied in human clinical trials. However, Salmonella-mediated cancer therapies have not achieved the expected success, except in animal experiments. Many problems remain to be solved to exploit more promising strategies for combatting cancer with Salmonella bacteria. Here, we summarize the promising studies regarding cancer therapy mediated by Salmonella bacteria and highlight the main mechanisms of Salmonella anti-tumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Pei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongyan Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Haoju Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qingke Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
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36
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Quintero D, Carrafa J, Vincent L, Kim HJ, Wohlschlegel J, Bermudes D. Co-Expression of a Chimeric Protease Inhibitor Secreted by a Tumor-Targeted Salmonella Protects Therapeutic Proteins from Proteolytic Degradation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 28:2079-2094. [PMID: 30661346 PMCID: PMC6883771 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1807.08036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Sunflower trypsin inhibitor (SFTI) is a 14-amino-acid bicyclic peptide that contains a single internal disulfide bond. We initially constructed chimeras of SFTI with N-terminal secretion signals from the Escherichia coli OmpA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ToxA, but only detected small amounts of protease inhibition resulting from these constructs. A substantially higher degree of protease inhibition was detected from a C-terminal SFTI fusion with E. coli YebF, which radiated more than a centimeter from an individual colony of E. coli using a culture-based inhibitor assay. Inhibitory activity was further improved in YebF-SFTI fusions by the addition of a trypsin cleavage signal immediately upstream of SFTI, and resulted in production of a 14-amino-acid, disulfide-bonded SFTI free in the culture supernatant. To assess the potential of the secreted SFTI to protect the ability of a cytotoxic protein to kill tumor cells, we utilized a tumor-selective form of the Pseudomonas ToxA (OTG-PE38K) alone and expressed as a polycistronic construct with YebF-SFTI in the tumor-targeted Salmonella VNP20009. When we assessed the ability of toxin-containing culture supernatants to kill MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells, the untreated OTG-PE38K was able to eliminate all detectable tumor cells, while pretreatment with trypsin resulted in the complete loss of anticancer cytotoxicity. However, when OTG-PE38K was co-expressed with YebF-SFTI, cytotoxicity was completely retained in the presence of trypsin. These data demonstrate SFTI chimeras are secreted in a functional form and that co-expression of protease inhibitors with therapeutic proteins by tumor-targeted bacteria has the potential to enhance the activity of therapeutic proteins by suppressing their degradation within a proteolytic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Quintero
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute for the Sciences (IRIS), California State University, College of Science and Math, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8303
| | - Jamie Carrafa
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA
| | - Lena Vincent
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA
- Current Address, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hee Jong Kim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - James Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David Bermudes
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute for the Sciences (IRIS), California State University, College of Science and Math, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8303
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Abstract
Recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy have once again raised the hope that a cure might be within reach for many cancer types. Yet, most late-stage cancers are either insensitive to the therapies to begin with or develop resistance later. Therapy with live tumour-targeting bacteria provides a unique option to meet these challenges. Compared with most other therapeutics, the effectiveness of tumour-targeting bacteria is not directly affected by the 'genetic makeup' of a tumour. Bacteria initiate their direct antitumour effects from deep within the tumour, followed by innate and adaptive antitumour immune responses. As microscopic 'robotic factories', bacterial vectors can be reprogrammed following simple genetic rules or sophisticated synthetic bioengineering principles to produce and deliver anticancer agents on the basis of clinical needs. Therapeutic approaches using live tumour-targeting bacteria can either be applied as a monotherapy or complement other anticancer therapies to achieve better clinical outcomes. In this Review, we summarize the potential benefits and challenges of this approach. We discuss how live bacteria selectively induce tumour regression and provide examples to illustrate different ways to engineer bacteria for improved safety and efficacy. Finally, we share our experience and insights on oncology clinical trials with tumour-targeting bacteria, including a discussion of the regulatory issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Zhou
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Claudia Gravekamp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David Bermudes
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Ke Liu
- Oncology Branch, Division of Clinical Evaluation, Pharmacology and Toxicology; Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Kefayat A, Ghahremani F, Motaghi H, Rostami S, Mehrgardi MA. Alive attenuated Salmonella as a cargo shuttle for smart carrying of gold nanoparticles to tumour hypoxic regions. J Drug Target 2018; 27:315-324. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1523417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Kefayat
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Oncology, Seyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghahremani
- Department of Medical Physics & Radiotherapy, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Hasan Motaghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Rostami
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Enhanced anticancer effect of MAP30–S3 by cyclosproin A through endosomal escape. Anticancer Drugs 2018; 29:736-747. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Miyake K, Kawaguchi K, Miyake M, Zhao M, Kiyuna T, Igarashi K, Zhang Z, Murakami T, Li Y, Nelson SD, Bouvet M, Elliott I, Russell TA, Singh AS, Hiroshima Y, Momiyama M, Matsuyama R, Chishima T, Singh SR, Endo I, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R suppressed an imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor with c-kit exon 11 and 17 mutations. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00643. [PMID: 30003151 PMCID: PMC6040627 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a refractory disease in need of novel efficacious therapy. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) using on a patient derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of imatinib-resistant GIST. The GIST was obtained from a patient with regional recurrence, and implanted in the anterior gastric wall of nude mice. The GIST PDOX mice were randomized into 3 groups of 6 mice each when the tumor volume reached 60 mm3: G1, control group; G2, imatinib group (oral administration [p.o.], daily, for 3 weeks); G3, S. typhimurium A1-R group (intravenous [i.v.] injection, weekly, for 3 weeks). All mice from each group were sacrificed on day 22. Relative tumor volume was estimated by laparotomy on day 0 and day 22. Body weight of the mouse was evaluated 2 times per week. We found that S. typhimurium A1-R significantly reduced tumor growth in contrast to the untreated group (P = 0.001). In addition, we found that S. typhimurium A1-R was more effective compared to imatinib (P = 0.013). Furthermore, Imatinib was not significantly effective compared to the control group (P = 0.462). These results indicate that S. typhimurium A1-R may be new effective therapy for imatinib-resistant GIST and therefore a good candidate for clinical development of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Deptartment of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D. Nelson
- Deptartment of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Irmina Elliott
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A. Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun S. Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masashi Momiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fritz C. Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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41
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Han S, Gao J, Zhou Q, Liu S, Wen C, Yang X. Role of intestinal flora in colorectal cancer from the metabolite perspective: a systematic review. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:199-206. [PMID: 29440929 PMCID: PMC5798565 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s153482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common human malignant tumors. Recent research has shown that colorectal cancer is a dysbacteriosis-induced disease; however, the role of intestinal bacteria in colorectal cancer is unclear. This review explores the role of intestinal flora in colorectal cancer. In total, 57 articles were included after identification and screening. The pertinent literature on floral metabolites in colorectal cancer from three metabolic perspectives - including carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism - was analyzed. An association network regarding the role of intestinal flora from a metabolic perspective was constructed by analyzing the previous literature to provide direction and insight for further research on intestinal flora in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital
| | - Jianlan Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital
| | | | - Caixia Wen
- Medical College of Nursing, Huzhou University
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Intervention and Radiotherapy, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
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42
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Xu J, Li X, Jiang B, Feng X, Wu J, Cai Y, Zhang X, Huang X, Sealy JE, Iqbal M, Li Y. Antiviral Immunotoxin Against Bovine herpesvirus-1: Targeted Inhibition of Viral Replication and Apoptosis of Infected Cell. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:653. [PMID: 29670605 PMCID: PMC5893756 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is a highly contagious viral pathogen which causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle worldwide. Currently, there is no antiviral prophylactic treatment available capable of mitigating the disease impact and facilitating recovery from latent infection. In this study, we have engineered a novel recombinant anti-BoHV-1 immunotoxin construct termed "BoScFv-PE38" that consists of a single-chain monoclonal antibody fragment (scFv) fused with an active domain of Pseudomonas exotoxin A as a toxic effector (PE38). The recombinant BoScFv-PE38 immunotoxin expressed in a prokaryotic expression system has specific binding affinity for BoHV-1 glycoprotein D (gD) with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 12.81 nM and for BoHV-1 virus particles with a Kd value of 97.63 nM. We demonstrate that the recombinant BoScFv-PE38 is internalized into MDBK cell compartments that inhibit BoHV-1 replication with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 4.95 ± 0.33 nM and a selective index (SI) of 456 ± 31. Furthermore, the BoScFv-PE38 exerted a cytotoxic effect through the induction of ATP and ammonia, leading to apoptosis of BoHV-1-infected cells and the inhibition of BoHV-1 replication in MDBK cells. Collectively, we show that BoScFv-PE38 can potentially be employed as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of BoHV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Beijing, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Beijing, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Beijing, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Feng
- Beijing Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Beijing, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunhong Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Beijing, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xixi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Beijing, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiufen Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Beijing, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Munir Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Yongqing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Beijing, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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