MiR-187 overexpression inhibits cervical cancer progression by targeting HPV16 E6

Comparison of Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressors, and MicroRNAs Between Schizophrenia and Glioma: The Balance of Power

The risk of cancer in schizophrenia has been controversial. Confounders of the issue are cigarette smoking in schizophrenia, and antiproliferative effects of antipsychotic medications. The author has previously suggested comparison of a specific cancer like glioma to schizophrenia might help determine a more accurate relationship between cancer and schizophrenia. To accomplish this goal, the author performed three comparisons of data; the first a comparison of conventional tumor suppressors and oncogenes between schizophrenia and cancer including glioma. This comparison determined schizophrenia has both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting characteristics. A second, larger comparison between brain-expressed microRNAs in schizophrenia with their expression in glioma was then performed. This identified a core carcinogenic group of miRNAs in schizophrenia offset by a larger group of tumor-suppressive miRNAs. This proposed "balance of power" between oncogenes and tumor suppressors could cause neuroinflammation. This was assessed by a third comparison between schizophrenia, glioma and inflammation in asbestos-related lung cancer and mesothelioma (ALRCM). This revealed that schizophrenia shares more oncogenic similarity to ALRCM than glioma.

Identification of novel miRNAs potentially involved in the pathogenesis of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma using WGCNA followed by RT-qPCR test of hub genes

BACKGROUND

Adult T-cell Lymphoma/Leukemia (ATLL) is characterized by the malignant proliferation of T-cells in Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and a high mortality rate. Considering the emerging roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in various malignancies, the analysis of high-throughput miRNA data employing computational algorithms helps to identify potential biomarkers.

METHODS

Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was utilized to analyze miRNA microarray data from ATLL and healthy uninfected samples. To identify miRNAs involved in the progression of ATLL, module preservation analysis was used. Subsequently, based on the target genes of the identified miRNAs, the STRING database was employed to construct protein-protein interaction networks (PPIN). Real-time quantitative PCR was also performed to validate the expression of identified hub genes in the PPIN network.

RESULTS

After constructing co-expression modules and then performing module preservation analysis, four out of 15 modules were determined as ATLL-specific modules. Next, the hub miRNA including hsa-miR-18a-3p, has-miR-187-5p, hsa-miR-196a-3p, and hsa-miR-346 were found as hub miRNAs. The protein-protein interaction networks were constructed for the target genes of each hub miRNA and hub genes were identified. Among them, UBB, RPS15A, and KMT2D were validated by Reverse-transcriptase PCR in ATLL patients.

CONCLUSION

The results of the network analysis of miRNAs and their target genes revealed the major players in the pathogenesis of ATLL. Further studies are required to confirm the role of these molecular factors and to discover their potential benefits as treatment targets and diagnostic biomarkers.

Suppressive function of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal microRNA-187 in prostate cancer

Application of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-exos) in cancer treatment has been widely studied. Here, we elaborated the function of BMSC-exos containing microRNA-187 (miR-187) in prostate cancer. Differentially expressed miRs and genes were screened with microarray analysis. The relationship between CD276 and miR-187 in prostate cancer was evaluated. Following miR-187 mimic/inhibitor or CD276 overexpression transfection, their actions in prostate cancer cell biological processes were analyzed. Prostate cancer cells were then exposed to BMSC-exos that were treated with either miR-187 mimic/inhibitor or CD276 overexpression for pinpointing the in vitro and in vivo effects of exosomal miR-187. miR-187 was poorly expressed while CD276 was significantly upregulated in prostate cancer. Additionally, restoring miR-187 inhibited the prostate cancer cell malignant properties by targeting CD276. Upregulation of miR-187 led to declines in CD276 expression and the JAK3-STAT3-Slug signaling pathway. Next, BMSC-exos carrying miR-187 contributed to repressed cell malignant features as well as limited tumorigenicity and tumor metastasis. Collectively, this study demonstrated that BMSC-derived exosomal miR-187 restrained prostate cancer by reducing CD276/JAK3-STAT3-Slug axis.

High Levels of Tumor miR-187-3p—A Potential Tumor-Suppressor microRNA—Are Correlated with Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer

Background: The microRNA miR-187-3p plays antitumor roles in a variety of cancers. We and others have previously identified miR-187-3p as a potential tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer (CRC), but there are also reports revealing that high miR-187-3p levels are associated with poor prognosis among CRC patients. This study further investigated the clinicopathological significance of miR-187-3p in CRC. Methods: MiR-187-3p levels in paired polyp/CRC/normal specimens or primary CRC/liver metastasis specimens were determined by qPCR, and correlated with the patient’s clinicopathological and postoperative survival data. The clinical findings were validated using our validation cohort and data obtained from the TCGA or GEO databases. The functional effects of miR-187-3p were investigated through its overexpression in CRC cell lines. Results: MiR-187-3p was significantly repressed in colorectal polyps and CRC when compared to adjacent normal tissue. Overexpression of miR-187-3p in CRC cell lines impaired colony formation, cell migration, and invasion, and induced chemosensitivity. Clinical analysis revealed that despite miR-187-3p being repressed in CRC, high tumor miR-187-3p levels were positively correlated with tumor stage and disease recurrence. Further analysis showed that miR-187-3p levels were lower in metastatic specimens when compared to paired primary CRC, suggesting that high tumor miR-187-3p levels resulted from the dissemination of metastatic tumor cells. Tumor miR-187-3p levels were positively correlated with peripheral inflammation-related blood markers. Finally, SPRY1 was identified as a novel target gene of miR-187-3p, and was involved in miR-187-3p-impaired CRC metastasis. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that in spite of its repression and role as a tumor suppressor in CRC, high levels of miR-187-3p in tumors were correlated with poor prognosis and higher levels of peripheral inflammation-related blood markers.

miRNA-187-5p Regulates Osteoblastic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Mice by Targeting ICAM1

Osteoporosis (OP) is a common bone metabolic disease, the process of which is fundamentally irreversible. Therefore, the investigation into osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) will provide more clues for OP treatment. In the present study, we found that microRNA-187-5p (miR-187-5p) played a key role on osteoblastic differentiation, which was significantly upregulated during osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in mice. Moreover, overexpression of miR-187-5p suppressed osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs through increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP), matrix mineralization, and levels of Osterix (OSX), and osteopontin (OPN) as well as runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in vitro. The results in vivo indicated that the upregulation of miR-187-5p enhanced the efficacy of new bone formation in the heterotopic bone formation assay. Luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis revealed that miR-187-5p was involved in osteogenesis by targeting intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). Furthermore, ICAM-1 silence inhibited osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs. Taken together, our results suggested for the first time that miR-187-5p may promote osteogenesis by targeting ICAM-1, and provided a possible therapeutic target for bone metabolic diseases.

HPV16 E6 regulates the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of cervical cancer cells by downregulating miR-504

BACKGROUND

Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 infection is a necessary condition for the pathogenesis and development of cervical cancer. The E6 protein is expressed by the HPV16 E6 gene and promotes malignant phenotype transformation, which is an important mechanism for the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. MicroRNA-504 (miR-504) has been reported as an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene; the expression of miR-504 in cervical cancer has been found to be negatively correlated with HPV infection. However, the relationship between HPV16 E6 and miR-504 and the role of miR-504 in cervical cancer are not clear. In the current study, we observed the effect of HPV16 E6 on the expression of miR-504 in cervical cancer cells, and analyzed whether HPV16 E6 affects proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis in cervical cancer cells by regulating the expression of miR-504.

METHODS

Cervical cancer cells (SiHa) were divided into four groups: the empty vector group, E6 overexpression group, E6 overexpression + miR-NC group, and E6 overexpression+miR-504 group. The expressions levels of HPV16 E6 mRNA and miR-504 were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the expression level of HPV16 E6 protein was detected by Western blot. Cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Tastelessly, and flow cytometry, respectively.

RESULTS

The expression level of miR-504 was significantly decreased in E6 overexpression cells compared to the control cells (P<0.05); the overexpression of miR-504 with miR-504 mimic significantly reversed the downregulation of miR-504 in E6 overexpression SiHa cells (P<0.05). MTT and Transwell assays showed that the overexpression of E6 significantly increased proliferation and invasion of SiHa cells (P<0.05). The overexpression of miR-504 reversed the role of HPV16 E6 on the proliferation and invasion in E6 overexpression SiHa cells, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Further analysis showed that the overexpression of E6 significantly reduced apoptosis of SiHa cells (P<0.05). The overexpression of miR-504 reversed the role of HPV16 E6 on apoptosis in E6 overexpression SiHa cells, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

HPV16 E6 may promote the proliferation and invasion, and inhibit the apoptosis, of cervical cancer SiHa cells by downregulating miR-504 expression.

MiR-187 suppresses non-small-cell lung cancer cell proliferation by targeting FGF9

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the main pathological type of lung cancer and has a low overall five-year survival rate. miR-187 has been reported to play major roles in various tumor types. In this study, we explored the impact of miR-187 on NSCLC. qRT-PCR results demonstrated that miR-187 expression is lower in NSCLC and cancer cells than normal tissues and normal lung cells. miR-187 expression levels are associated with tumor size, TNM stage and overall survival rate. MTS and colony formation assays showed that high miR-187 expression inhibits NSCLC cell proliferation and colony formation ability, and flow cytometry showed that miR-187 overexpression induces cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. A luciferase reporter assay showed that FGF9 is a target of miR-187. miR-187 overexpression reduces the expression of FGF9, cyclin D1 CDK4 and CDK6. Therefore, miR-187 may present a new NSCLC treatment target by regulates cyclins-related protein expression.

Role and mechanism of miR-187 in human cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs, approximately 22 nucleotides in length, and involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. MiRNAs play fundamental roles in many biological processes such as the development and progression of tumors. In this review, we briefly describe the expression of miR-187 in various types of cancer and discuss the role of miR-187 in cancer development and drug resistance. It is also possible to take miR-187 as an important indicator of diagnosis and prognosis of tumors.

The roles of microRNA in human cervical cancer

Although a potentially preventable disease, cervical cancer (CC) is the second most commonly diagnosed gynaecological cancer with at least 530,000 new cases annually, and the prognosis with CC is still poor. Studies suggest that aberrant expression of microRNA (miRNA) contributes to the progression of CC. As a group of small non-coding RNA with 18-25 nucleotides, miRNA regulate about one-third of all human genes. They function by repressing translation or inducing mRNA cleavage or degradation, including genes involved in diverse and important cellular processes, including cell cycling, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Results showed that misexpression of miRNA is closely related to the onset and progression of CC. This review will provide an overview of the function of miRNA in CC and the mechanisms involved in cervical carcinogenesis.

microRNAs: New prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is as a kind of cancer beginning from the cervix. Given that cervical cancer could be observed in women who infected with papillomavirus, regular oral contraceptives, and multiple pregnancies. Early detection of cervical cancer is one of the most important aspects of the therapy of this malignancy. Despite several efforts, finding and developing new biomarkers for cervical cancer diagnosis are required. Among various prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers, miRNA have been emerged as powerful biomarkers for detection, treatment, and monitoring of response to therapy in cervical cancer. Here, we summarized various miRNAs as an employable platform for prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in the treatment of cervical cancer.

MicroRNA-411 Inhibits Cervical Cancer Progression by Directly Targeting STAT3

Cervical cancer is the third most common gynecological cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women around the world. Substantial evidence has demonstrated that microRNA (miRNA) expression is disordered in many malignant tumors. The dysregulation of miRNAs has been suggested to be involved in the tumorigenesis and tumor development of cervical cancer. Therefore, identification of miRNAs and their biological roles and targets involved in tumor pathology would provide valuable insight into the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cervical cancer. MicroRNA-411 (miR-411) has been reported to play an important role in several types of human cancer. However, the expression level, role, and underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-411 in cervical cancer remain unclear. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the expression pattern and clinical significance of miR-411 in cervical cancer and to evaluate its role and underlying mechanisms in this disease. In this study, we confirmed that the expression of miR-411 was significantly downregulated in both cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. Low expression of miR-411 was associated with tumor size, FIGO stage, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis. Additionally, miR-411 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in cervical cancer. Furthermore, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was identified as a direct target of miR-411 in this disease. In clinical samples, miR-411 expression levels were inversely correlated with STAT3, which was significantly upregulated in cervical cancer. Restored STAT3 expression abolished the tumor-suppressing effects of miR-411 overexpression on the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that miR-411 inhibited cervical cancer progression by directly targeting STAT3 and may represent a novel potential therapeutic target and prognostic marker for patients with this disease.

MicroRNA-143 regulates cell migration and invasion by targeting GOLM1 in cervical cancer

Accumulated research has revealed that the abnormal expression of microRNAs play a crucial role in tumorigenesis, potentially serving as therapeutic biomarkers in multiple tumors including cervical cancer. However, the expression level, biological role and the underlying mechanism of miRNA-143 in cervical cancer remain unclear. In the current study, we analyzed the miRNA-143 and golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1) expression in cervical cancer tissues and cells to explore their effects on cervical cancer occurrence and metastasis. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the miRNA-143 expression in cervical cancer tissues and cells. Following transfection, cell Transwell assays, western blot analysis and luciferase reporter assays were carried out in human cervical cancer cells. Results demonstrated that the miRNA-143 expression was dramatically decreased in both cervical cancer tissue samples and cells in contrast with the control group. We also found that the miRNA-143 expression negatively correlated with the GOLM1 expression in cervical cancer tissues and miRNA-143 inhibited cell invasion and migration via targeting GOLM1 in cervical cancer.

Oncogene miR-187-5p is associated with cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and an increased risk of recurrence in bladder cancer

BACKGROUND

Bladder cancer, the ninth-most-common malignancy worldwide with an estimated 356,000 new cases and 145,000 deaths annually, has a propensity to relapse, requiring lifelong monitoring after diagnosis. 75% patients diagnosed with BC are non-muscle invasive BC and over 50% of them experience recurrences within 6-12 years of initial diagnosis. miRNA are small, noncoding RNA and shown to be oncogenes or anti-oncogenes in bladder cancer, contributing to numerous BC cell processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis.

METHODS

RT-qPCR were performed to detect the expression of miR-187-5p in tissues and cell lines, After which, clinicopathological variables and the prognostic value of altered miR-187-5p expression in BC was analyzed with the 48 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded BC samples. Moreover, Cell functional assays (wound healing assay, CCK-8 assay, transwell assay and flow cytometry assay) were performed to explore the relationship between miR-187-5p expression and cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis in BC.

RESULTS

Up-regulation of miR-187-5p was observed in BC tissues and BC cell lines. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis demonstrated that the patients with low expression of miR-187-5p experience lower risks of recurrence in the univariate and multivariate analysis. The Kaplan-Meier recurrence-free curves suggested that the patients with low expression of miR-187-5p experience lower risks of recurrence. Up-regulation of miR-187-5p promotes cell proliferation and mobility and inhibits the apoptosis of 5637 and UM-UC-3 cell, while down-regulation of miR-187-5p reverses these effects.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of our study demonstrated that oncogene miR-187-5p is associated with cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and an increased risk of recurrence in bladder cancer.

Association of variants of miRNA processing genes with cervical precancerous lesion risk in a southern Chinese population

The miRNA processing genes play essential roles in the biosynthesis of mammalian miRNAs, and their genetic variants are involved in the development of various cancers. Our study aimed to determine the potential association between miRNA processing gene polymorphisms and cervical precancerous lesions. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including Ran-GTP (RAN) rs14035, exportin-5 (XPO5) rs11077, DICER1 rs3742330, DICER1 rs13078, and TARBP2 rs784567, were genotyped in a case-control study to estimate risk factors of cervical precancerous lesions. The gene-environment interactions and haplotype association were estimated. We identified a 27% decreased risk of cervical precancerous lesions for individuals with minor G allele in DICER1 rs3742330 (odds ratio (OR) = 0.73, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.58-0.92, P = 0.009). The AG and AG/GG genotypes in DICER1 rs3742330 were also found to decrease the risk of cervical precancerous lesions (AG compared with AA: OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.35-0.73, P <0.001; AG/GG compared with AA: OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.39-0.77, P = 0.001). The GT haplotype in DICER1 had a risk effect on cervical precancerous lesions compared with the AT haplotype (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.08-1.73, P = 0.010). A two-factor (DICER1 rs3742330 and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection) and two three-factor (model 1: rs3742330, passive smoking, and HPV infection; model 2: rs3742330, abortion history, and HPV infection) interaction models for cervical precancerous lesions were identified. In conclusion, the genetic variants in the miRNA processing genes and interactions with certain environmental factors might contribute to the risk of cervical precancerous lesions in southern Chinese women.

MicroRNA expression in cervical cancer: Novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers

Growing evidence has shown that a large number of miRNAs are abnormally expressed in cervical cancer (CC) tissues and play irreplaceable roles in tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis. This study aimed to identify new biomarkers and pivotal genes associated with CC prognosis through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. At first, the data of gene expression microarray (GSE30656) was downloaded from GEO database and differential miRNAs were obtained. Additionally, 4 miRNAs associated with the survival time of patients with CC were screened through TCGA differential data analysis, Kaplan-Meier, and Landmark analysis. Among them, the low expression of miR-188 and high expression of miR-223 correlated with the short survival of CC patients, while the down-regulation of miR-99a and miR-125b was closely related to the 5-year survival rate of patients. Then, based on the correspondence between the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CC from the TCGA data and the 4 miRNAs target genes, 58 target genes were screened to perform the analysis of function enrichment and the visualization of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. The seven pivotal genes of the PPI network as the target genes of four miRNAs related to prognosis, they were directly or indirectly involved in the development of CC. In this study, based on high-throughput data mining, differentially expressed miRNAs and related target genes were analyzed to provide an effective bioinformatics basis for further understanding of the pathogenesis and prognosis of CC. And the results may be a promising biomarker for the early screening of high-risk populations and early diagnosis of cervical cancer.

Human papilloma virus: global research architecture assessed by density-equalizing mapping

Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is linked to cervical cancer, which represents the world's fourth most common cancer in women. So far, no detailed map of the worldwide HPV research architecture has been constructed. Hence, this study focuses on the chronological development and geographical distribution of the global HPV-specific publications and evaluates citation-based parameters as well as socioeconomic features of the publishing countries. In total, 29,330 HPV-related publications were identified. The US was the leading country with 12,270 publications. Only high-income-countries were found in the ranking of the fifteen most active countries with Germany, France, and Japan among the top five. Analysis of HPV research activity in relation to the economic strength demonstrated a lead position of Finland and Sweden with an average of 2248.78 and 1924.67 HPV-related publications per GDP in 1000 bn US-$, respectively. The most active upper-middle-income country was Mexico (416.78 HPV-related publications per GDP in 1000 bn US-$). India as lower-middle-income country reached a value of 279.78 HPV-related publications per GDP in 1000 bn US-$. Collaboration analysis pointed to the US as the center of the 4517 international HPV collaborations. The worldwide HPV-research landscape is dominated by North American and Western European countries. By contrast, a high prevalence of HPV-related cervical cancer is documented for low-income countries. Hence, HPV-related public health interventions and prevention research specifically tailored to these countries needs to be fostered by monetary support and international collaborations.