The impact of interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene 4 polymorphisms on peripheral blood IL-10 variation and prostate cancer risk based on published studies

Investigating the Relationship of G-137C, C-607A, and A-1447G Polymorphisms in the Promoter of IL-18 and CXCL10 Inflammatory Genes with Prostate Cancer in an Iranian Population

Introduction

Genetic and environmental factors are involved in prostate cancer. The current study was conducted to study the relationship between G-137C, C-607A, and A-1447G polymorphisms in the promoter of IL-18 and CXCL10 inflammatory genes with prostate cancer.

Methods

As a genetic association study with a case-control design, the genomes of people living in Khorasan, Iran, were compared in two groups of cases and controls. The genotype of the A-1447G polymorphism present in the CXCL10 gene promoter was investigated by the PCR-RFLP method. PCR-SSP was used to study the genotype of G-137C and C-607A polymorphisms present in the IL-18 gene promoter. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported.

Results

One mutant allele in CXCL10 A-1447G polymorphism (AG) increased the chance of cancer (OR = 4.902, 95% CI = 2.70-8.87) and two mutant alleles (GG) increased more (OR = 7.174, 95% CI = 2.48-20.68). One mutant allele in IL-18 G-137C polymorphism (CG) increased the chance of cancer (OR = 5.583, 95% CI = 3.04-10.22) and two mutant alleles (CC) increased more (OR = 9.571, 95% CI = 3.10-29.46). One mutant allele in IL-18 C607A polymorphism (CA) increased the chance of cancer (OR = 5.359, 95% CI = 2.95-9.70) and two mutant alleles (AA) increased more (OR = 7.083, 95% CI = 2.61-19.15) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

According to the results, the mutant alleles in polymorphisms CXCL10 A-1447G, IL-18 G-137C, and IL-18 C-607A alleles were associated with an increased chance of prostate cancer in this population.

Impacts of Interleukin-10 Promoter Genotypes on Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a multifactorial disease influenced by genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Genetic polymorphisms in the interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene have been implicated in PCa susceptibility, development, and progression. This study aims to assess the contributions of three IL-10 promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), A-1082G (rs1800896), T-819C (rs3021097), and A-592C (rs1800872), to the risk of PCa in Taiwan. The three IL-10 genotypes were determined using PCR-RFLP methodology and were evaluated for their contributions to PCa risk among 218 PCa patients and 436 non-PCa controls. None of the three IL-10 SNPs were significantly associated with the risks of PCa (p all > 0.05) in the overall analyses. However, the GG at rs1800896 combined with smoking behavior was found to significantly increase the risk of PCa by 3.90-fold (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.28-11.89, p = 0.0231). In addition, the rs1800896 AG and GGs were found to be correlated with the late stages of PCa (odds ratio [OR] = 1.90 and 6.42, 95% CI = 1.05-3.45 and 2.30-17.89, p = 0.0452 and 0.0003, respectively). The IL-10 promoter SNP, A-1082G (rs1800896), might be a risk factor for PCa development among smokers and those at late stages of the disease. These findings should be validated in larger and more diverse populations.

Genetic variations in immune mediators and prostate cancer risk: A field synopsis with Bayesian calculations

OBJECTIVE

Our study aimed to revaluate the significant data from meta-analyses on genetic variations in immune mediators and the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) by Bayesian approaches.

METHODS

We performed a search on the literature before September 5th, 2023, for meta-analytic studies on polymorphisms in immune mediator genes and the risk of PCa. Two Bayesian approaches were used to assess the level of noteworthiness in the meta-analytic data: the False-Positive Rate Probability (FPRP) and the Bayesian False Discovery Probability (BFDP) with a statistical power of 1.2 and 1.5 of Odds Ratio at a prior probability of 10-3 and 10-6. The quality evaluation of studies was performed with the Venice criteria. Gene-gene and protein-protein networks were designed for the genes and products enrolled in the results.

RESULTS

As results, 18 meta-analyses on 17 polymorphisms in several immune mediator genes were included (IL1B rs16944/rs1143627, IL4 rs2243250/rs2227284/rs2070874, IL6 1800795/rs1800796/rs1800797, IL8 rs4073, IL10 rs1800896/rs1800871/rs1800872, IL18 rs1946518, COX2 rs2745557, TNFA rs361525 and PTGS2 rs20417/689470). The Bayesian calculations showed the rs1143627 and the rs1946518 polymorphisms in IL1B and IL18 genes, respectively, were noteworthy. The Venice criteria showed that only four studies received the highest level of evidence. The gene-gene and protein-protein networks reinforced the findings on IL1B and IL18 genes.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, this current Bayesian revaluation showed that the rs1143627 and the rs1946518 polymorphisms in the IL1B and IL18 genes, respectively, were noteworthy biomarker candidates for PCa risk.

The single nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukin-10 are associated with the risk of leukaemia: Evidence from 18 case-control studies

Interleukin-10(IL-10) is an immunosuppressive cytokine and plays an important role in inflammation and cancers. Numerous studies have explored the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL-10 and leukemia, but their results were conflicting, so we performed this meta-analysis to elucidate the association between 3 common single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL-10 (rs1800896, rs1800871 and rs1800872) and risk of leukemia.We conducted a comprehensive research in Pubmed, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database disc and Embase using related terms. After strict selection, 18 studies with 2264 cases and 3846 controls were included into this meta-analysis. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used to evaluate the strength of the association.We found that polymorphism of IL-10 -1082A/G was associated with decreased risk of leukemia both in overall analysis and in stratified analysis according to ethnicity and cancer type. A strong relationship was also uncovered between polymorphism of IL-10 -592C/A and increased risk of leukemia in non-Chinese.GG genotype of IL-10 -1082A/G is associated with decreased risk of leukemia, especially chronic lymphocytic leukemia. CC genotype of -592C/A is associated with decreased risk of leukemia in non-Chinese.

Circulating inflammation markers and prostate cancer

BACKGROUND

Chronic inflammation is thought to influence the risk of prostate cancer. The purpose of this population-based case-control study was to evaluate the association of 48 circulating inflammation markers with prostate cancer, to identify candidate markers for further investigation.

METHODS

Serum samples collected from 235 prostate cancer patients and 198 population-based controls recruited in Örebro County, Sweden, in 1989-1991, were assessed using a multiplex bead-based immunoassay to determine concentrations of 48 circulating inflammation markers. Logistic regression was first used to evaluate the association between individual markers (highest vs lowest concentration quartile) and prostate cancer in unadjusted and mutually adjusted models. Second, patients with inflammatory conditions, metastatic or advanced prostate cancer, were excluded to address the possible influence of systemic disease on inflammation markers.

RESULTS

Individual analyses first identified 21 markers associated with prostate cancer (P < .05), which after mutual adjustment were reduced to seven markers. After the exclusion of men with conditions linked with systemic inflammation, associations between prostate cancer and deviant levels of C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1, platelet-derived growth factor subunit B homodimer, interleukin 10, C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 21, and CCL11 remained statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS

In this explorative study, we identified candidate inflammation markers of possible importance for prostate cancer pathophysiology, for further evaluation in prospective studies.

Immunogenetics of prostate cancer: a still unexplored field of study

The immune system is a double-edged sword with regard to the prostate cancer (PCa) battle. Immunogenetics, the study of the potential role of immune-related polymorphisms, is taking its first steps in the treatment of this malignancy. This review summarizes the most recent papers addressing the potential of immunogenetics in PCa, reporting immune-related polymorphisms associated with tumor aggressiveness, treatment toxicity and patients' prognosis. With some peculiarities, RNASEL, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β and MMP7 have arisen as the most significant biomarkers in PCa treatment and management, having a potential clinical role. Validation prospective clinical studies are required to translate immunogenetics into precision treatment of PCa.