1
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Adamopoulos C, Cave DD, Papavassiliou AG. Inhibition of the RAF/MEK/ERK Signaling Cascade in Pancreatic Cancer: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1631. [PMID: 38338909 PMCID: PMC10855714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer represents a formidable challenge in oncology, primarily due to its aggressive nature and limited therapeutic options. The prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the main form of pancreatic cancer, remains disappointingly poor with a 5-year overall survival of only 5%. Almost 95% of PDAC patients harbor Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) oncogenic mutations. KRAS activates downstream intracellular pathways, most notably the rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF)/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling axis. Dysregulation of the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway is a crucial feature of pancreatic cancer and therefore its main components, RAF, MEK and ERK kinases, have been targeted pharmacologically, largely by small-molecule inhibitors. The recent advances in the development of inhibitors not only directly targeting the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway but also indirectly through inhibition of its regulators, such as Src homology-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) and Son of sevenless homolog 1 (SOS1), provide new therapeutic opportunities. Moreover, the discovery of allele-specific small-molecule inhibitors against mutant KRAS variants has brought excitement for successful innovations in the battle against pancreatic cancer. Herein, we review the recent advances in targeted therapy and combinatorial strategies with focus on the current preclinical and clinical approaches, providing critical insight, underscoring the potential of these efforts and supporting their promise to improve the lives of patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Adamopoulos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Donatella Delle Cave
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ‘Adriano Buzzati-Traverso’, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
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2
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Hung YH, Hou YC, Hsu SH, Wang LY, Tsai YL, Shan YS, Su YY, Hung WC, Chen LT. Pancreatic cancer cell-derived semaphorin 3A promotes neuron recruitment to accelerate tumor growth and dissemination. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:3417-3432. [PMID: 37693128 PMCID: PMC10492129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Perineural invasion and neurogenesis are frequently observed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and they are associated with a poor prognosis. Axon guidance factor semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) is upregulated in PDAC. However, it remains unclear whether cancer-derived SEMA3A influences nerve innervation and pancreatic tumorigenesis. In silico analyses were performed using PROGgene and NetworkAnalyst to clarify the importance of SEMA3A and its receptors, plexin A1 (PLXNA1) and neuropilin 2 (NRP2), in pancreatic cancer. In vitro assays, including migration, neurite outgrowth, and 3D recruitment, were performed to study the effects of SEMA3A on neuronal behaviors. Additionally, an orthotopic animal study using C57BL/6 mice was performed to validate the in vitro findings. Expression of SEMA3A and its receptors predicted worse prognosis for PDAC. Cancer-derived SEMA3A promoted neural migration, neurite outgrowth, and neural recruitment. Furthermore, SEMA3A-induced effects depended on PLXNA1, NRP2, and MAPK activation. Trametinib, an approved MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibitor, counteracted SEMA3A-enhanced neuronal activity in vitro. Inhibition of SEMA3A by shRNA in pancreatic cancer cells resulted in decreased neural recruitment, tumor growth, and dissemination in vivo. Our results suggested that cancer-secreted SEMA3A plays an important role in promoting neo-neurogenesis and progression of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research InstitutesTainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chin Hou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Hsu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research InstitutesTainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yun Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Li Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research InstitutesTainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 704, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University HospitalTainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yeh Su
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research InstitutesTainan 704, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University HospitalTainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research InstitutesTainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research InstitutesTainan 704, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University HospitalTainan 704, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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3
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The Application of [68Ga]-Labeled FAPI-04 PET/CT for Targeting and Early Detection of Pancreatic Carcinoma in Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft Models. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:6596702. [PMID: 36051919 PMCID: PMC9410842 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6596702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
[18F]FDG as a probe of PET/CT is a radiolabeled glucose analogue taken up by most cells, but its batch activity is limited. [68Ga]FAPI-04 is a promising alternative based on a fibroblast activation protein-specific inhibitor (FAPI) labeled with radiotracer FAP. Here, a series of databases suggested that FAP expression was significantly different in pancreatic cancer compared to normal tissue. The FAP-positive fibroblasts were evaluated around the tumor cells and the stroma. A patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exhibits significantly higher quantitative uptake of [68Ga]FAPI-04 (P < 0.05) than [18F]FDG PET/CT in various organs. Because of relatively high (T/M) ratios, the [68Ga]FAPI-04 is excellent for B-mode ultrasound, NIRF, and PET/CT. Thus, [68Ga]FAPI-04 PET displayed a better tumor specificity and can be a potential application for the early detection of pancreatic cancer.
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4
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Nishimoto A. Effective combinations of anti-cancer and targeted drugs for pancreatic cancer treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3637-3643. [PMID: 36161054 PMCID: PMC9372808 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i28.3637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is highly aggressive and lethal. Due to the lack of effective methods for detecting the disease at an early stage, pancreatic cancer is frequently diagnosed late. Gemcitabine has been the standard chemotherapy drug for patients with pancreatic cancer for over 20 years, but its anti-tumor effect is limited. Therefore, FOLFIRINOX (leucovorin, fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin) as well as combination therapies using gemcitabine and conventional agents, such as cisplatin and capecitabine, has also been administered; however, these have not resulted in complete remission. Therefore, there is a need to develop novel and effective therapies for pancreatic cancer. Recently, some studies have reported that combinations of gemcitabine and targeted drugs have had significant anti-tumor effects on pancreatic cancer cells. As gemcitabine induced DNA damage response, the proteins related to DNA damage response can be suitable additional targets for novel gemcitabine-based combination therapy. Furthermore, KRAS/ RAF/MEK/ERK signaling triggered by oncogenic mutated KRAS and autophagy are frequently activated in pancreatic cancer. Therefore, these characteristics of pancreatic cancer are potential targets for developing effective novel therapies.
In this minireview, combinations of gemcitabine and targeted drugs to these characteristics, combinations of targeted drugs, combinations of natural products and anti-cancer agents, including gemcitabine, and combinations among natural products are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Nishimoto
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo-Onoda City 756-0884, Yamaguchi, Japan
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5
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Hosein AN, Dougan SK, Aguirre AJ, Maitra A. Translational advances in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma therapy. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:272-286. [PMID: 35352061 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer that is most frequently detected at advanced stages, limiting treatment options to systemic chemotherapy with modest clinical responses. Here, we review recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy for treating subtypes of PDAC with diverse molecular alterations. We focus on the current preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the potential of these approaches and the promise of combinatorial regimens to improve the lives of patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Nasser Hosein
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Sheikh Ahmed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Advocate Aurora Health, Vince Lombardi Cancer Clinic, Sheboygan, WI, USA.
| | - Stephanie K Dougan
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Andrew J Aguirre
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Sheikh Ahmed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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6
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Cheng WT, Ho HO, Lin SY, Liu DZ, Chen LC, Sheu MT. Carfilzomib and Paclitaxel Co-Loaded Protein Nanoparticles an Effective Therapy Against Pancreatic Adenocarcinomas. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6825-6841. [PMID: 34675510 PMCID: PMC8502542 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s331210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Therapeutic efficacy of pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PACs) with combined therapy of carfilzomib (CFZ) and paclitaxel (PTX) co-loaded in human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles (NPs) was examined. Methods CFZ and PTX were encapsulated individually or combined into HSA NPs by a simple reverse self-assembly method developed to achieve an optimal combination ratio for synergistic therapy. CFZ or/and PTX loaded HSA nanoparticles were physically characterized and the evaluation of combination index, drug release, pharmacokinetic, anti-tumor, and biodistribution studies were conducted. Results All resultant drug-loaded HSA NPs were spherical with a particle size of <150 nm and a zeta potential of −21.1~−23.0 mV. Drug loading rates and entrapment efficiencies were 9.1%~10.1% and 90.7%~97.1%, respectively. CFZ and PTX demonstrated synergistic effects in an MIA PaCa-2 cytotoxicity at a 1:2 ratio (CI50 were 0.01~0.25). In vitro dissolution revealed that the CFZ/PTX ratio released from the co-loaded HSA NPs (CFZ/PTX/HSA NPs) was about 1.77~2.08, which conformed to the designated loaded ratio. In vivo evaluation showed that the combined therapy of CFZ and PTX at a 1:2 ratio co-loaded in HSA NPs (CFZ/PTX/HSA NPs) demonstrated optimal synergistic improvement of the growth inhibition of MIA PaCa-2 cells with less systematic toxicity, even though the pharmacokinetic profiles observed did not show obvious beneficial and their biodistributions in tumors were found to be smaller. Conclusion The one-pot reverse assembly method developed was environmentally friendly and capable of co-loading an optimal combination ratio of two chemodrugs into HSA NPs for synergistic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsiu-O Ho
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shyr-Yi Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Der-Zen Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ling-Chun Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Thau Sheu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Ahmad RS, Eubank TD, Lukomski S, Boone BA. Immune Cell Modulation of the Extracellular Matrix Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060901. [PMID: 34204306 PMCID: PMC8234537 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy with a five-year survival rate of only 9%. PDAC is characterized by a dense, fibrotic stroma composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. This desmoplastic stroma is a hallmark of PDAC, representing a significant physical barrier that is immunosuppressive and obstructs penetration of cytotoxic chemotherapy agents into the tumor microenvironment (TME). Additionally, dense ECM promotes hypoxia, making tumor cells refractive to radiation therapy and alters their metabolism, thereby supporting proliferation and survival. In this review, we outline the significant contribution of fibrosis to the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer, with a focus on the cross talk between immune cells and pancreatic stellate cells that contribute to ECM deposition. We emphasize the cellular mechanisms by which neutrophils and macrophages, specifically, modulate the ECM in favor of PDAC-progression. Furthermore, we investigate how activated stellate cells and ECM influence immune cells and promote immunosuppression in PDAC. Finally, we summarize therapeutic strategies that target the stroma and hinder immune cell promotion of fibrogenesis, which have unfortunately led to mixed results. An enhanced understanding of the complex interactions between the pancreatic tumor ECM and immune cells may uncover novel treatment strategies that are desperately needed for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiz S. Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Timothy D. Eubank
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (T.D.E.); (S.L.)
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Slawomir Lukomski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (T.D.E.); (S.L.)
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Brian A. Boone
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (T.D.E.); (S.L.)
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Correspondence:
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8
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Zhang L, Xie D, Lei Y, Na A, Zhu L. Preclinical activity of cobimetinib alone or in combination with chemotherapy and targeted therapies in renal cell carcinoma. Future Oncol 2021; 17:3051-3060. [PMID: 33906367 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The poor outcome of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) necessitates new treatments. Cobimetinib is a MEK inhibitor and approved for the treatment of melanoma. This work investigated the efficacy of cobimetinib alone and in combination with anti-RCC drugs. Methods: Proliferation and apoptosis assays were performed, and combination index was analyzed on RCC cell lines (CaKi-2, 786-O, A-704, ACHN and A489) and xenograft models. Immunoblotting analysis was conducted to investigate the MAPK pathway. Results: Cobimetinib was active against RCC cells, with IC50 at 0.006-0.8μM, and acted synergistically with standard-of-care therapy. Cobimetinib at nontoxic doses prevented tumor formation, inhibited tumor growth and enhanced efficacy of 5-fluorouracil, sorafenib and sunitinib via suppressing Raf/MEK/ERK, leading to MAPK pathway inhibition. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the potent anti-RCC activity of cobimetinib and its synergism with RCC standard-of-care drugs, and confirm the underlying mechanism of the action of cobimetinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, PR China
| | - Deqiong Xie
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, PR China
| | - Yonghua Lei
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710038, PR China
| | - Aoli Na
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, PR China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, PR China
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9
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Cui H, Wang Q, Miller DD, Li W. The Tubulin Inhibitor VERU-111 in Combination With Vemurafenib Provides an Effective Treatment of Vemurafenib-Resistant A375 Melanoma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:637098. [PMID: 33841154 PMCID: PMC8027488 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.637098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the deadliest skin cancers having a five-year survival rate around 15–20%. An overactivated MAPK/AKT pathway is well-established in BRAF mutant melanoma. Vemurafenib (Vem) was the first FDA-approved BRAF inhibitor and gained great clinical success in treating late-stage melanoma. However, most patients develop acquired resistance to Vem within 6–9 months. Therefore, developing a new treatment strategy to overcome Vem-resistance is highly significant. Our previous study reported that the combination of a tubulin inhibitor ABI-274 with Vem showed a significant synergistic effect to sensitize Vem-resistant melanoma both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we unveiled that VERU-111, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of α and β tubulin that is under clinical development, is highly potent against Vem-resistant melanoma cells. The combination of Vem and VERU-111 resulted in a dramatically enhanced inhibitory effect on cancer cells in vitro and Vem-resistant melanoma tumor growth in vivo compared with single-agent treatment. Further molecular signaling analyses demonstrated that in addition to ERK/AKT pathway, Skp2 E3 ligase also plays a critical role in Vem-resistant mechanisms. Knockout of Skp2 diminished oncogene AKT expression and contributed to the synergistic inhibitory effect of Vem and VERU-111. Our results indicate a treatment combination of VERU-111 and Vem holds a great promise to overcome Vem-resistance for melanoma patients harboring BRAF (V600E) mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qinghui Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Duane D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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10
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Liu X, Li Z, Wang Y. Advances in Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e1900236. [PMID: 33729700 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with an overall 5-year survival rate of <6% due to therapeutic resistance and late-stage diagnosis. These statistics have not changed despite 50 years of research and therapeutic development. Pancreatic cancer is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer mortality by the year 2030. Currently, the treatment options for pancreatic cancer are limited. This disease is usually diagnosed at a late stage, which prevents curative surgical resection. Chemotherapy is the most frequently used approach for pancreatic cancer treatment and has limited effects. In many other cancer types, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have made great progress and have been shown to be very promising prospects; these treatments also provide hope for pancreatic cancer. The need for research on targeted therapy and immunotherapy is pressing due to the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer, and in recent years, there have been some breakthroughs for targeted therapy and immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer. This review summarizes the current preclinical and clinical studies of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer and ends by describing the challenges and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, SINH - Changzheng Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Institutes for Translational Medicine (CAS-SMMU), Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, SINH - Changzheng Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Institutes for Translational Medicine (CAS-SMMU), Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuexiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, SINH - Changzheng Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Institutes for Translational Medicine (CAS-SMMU), Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
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11
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Lankes K, Hassan Z, Doffo MJ, Schneeweis C, Lier S, Öllinger R, Rad R, Krämer OH, Keller U, Saur D, Reichert M, Schneider G, Wirth M. Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system in a pancreatic cancer subtype with hyperactive MYC. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:3048-3064. [PMID: 33099868 PMCID: PMC7718946 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The myelocytomatosis oncogene (MYC) is an important driver in a subtype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, MYC remains a challenging therapeutic target; therefore, identifying druggable synthetic lethal interactions in MYC‐active PDAC may lead to novel precise therapies. First, to identify networks with hyperactive MYC, we profiled transcriptomes of established human cell lines, murine primary PDAC cell lines, and accessed publicly available repositories to analyze transcriptomes of primary human PDAC. Networks active in MYC‐hyperactive subtypes were analyzed by gene set enrichment analysis. Next, we performed an unbiased pharmacological screen to define MYC‐associated vulnerabilities. Hits were validated by analysis of drug response repositories and genetic gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments. In these experiments, we discovered that the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib triggers a MYC‐associated vulnerability. In addition, by integrating publicly available data, we found the unfolded protein response as a signature connected to MYC. Furthermore, increased sensitivity of MYC‐hyperactive PDACs to bortezomib was validated in genetically modified PDAC cells. In sum, we provide evidence that perturbing the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) might be an option to target MYC‐hyperactive PDAC cells. Our data provide the rationale to further develop precise targeting of the UPS as a subtype‐specific therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lankes
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zonera Hassan
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - María Josefina Doffo
- Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Schneeweis
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Svenja Lier
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keller
- Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Translational Cancer Research and Experimental Cancer Therapy, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wirth
- Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Uprety D, Adjei AA. KRAS: From undruggable to a druggable Cancer Target. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 89:102070. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Miller AL, Garcia PL, Yoon KJ. Developing effective combination therapy for pancreatic cancer: An overview. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104740. [PMID: 32135247 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a fatal disease. The five-year survival for patients with all stages of this tumor type is less than 10%, with a majority of patients dying from drug resistant, metastatic disease. Gemcitabine has been a standard of care for the treatment of pancreatic cancer for over 20 years, but as a single agent gemcitabine is not curative. Since the only therapeutic option for the over 80 percent of pancreatic cancer patients ineligible for surgical resection is chemotherapy with or without radiation, the last few decades have seen a significant effort to develop effective therapy for this disease. This review addresses preclinical and clinical efforts to identify agents that target molecular characteristics common to pancreatic tumors and to develop mechanism-based combination approaches to therapy. Some of the most promising combinations include agents that inhibit transcription dependent on BET proteins (BET bromodomain inhibitors) or that inhibit DNA repair mediated by PARP (PARP inhibitors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey L Miller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, 35294 USA
| | - Patrick L Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, 35294 USA
| | - Karina J Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, 35294 USA.
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14
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Sun J, Russell CC, Scarlett CJ, McCluskey A. Small molecule inhibitors in pancreatic cancer. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:164-183. [PMID: 33479626 PMCID: PMC7433757 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00447e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC), with a 5 year survival of <7%, is one of the most fatal of all human cancers. The highly aggressive and metastatic character of this disease poses a challenge that current therapies are failing, despite significant efforts, to meet. This review examines the current status of the 35 small molecule inhibitors targeting pancreatic cancer in clinical trials and the >50 currently under investigation. These compounds inhibit biological targets spanning protein kinases, STAT3, BET, HDACs and Bcl-2 family proteins. Unsurprisingly, protein kinase inhibitors are overrepresented. Some trials show promise; a phase I combination trial of vorinostat 11 and capecitabine 17 gave a median overall survival (MoS) of 13 months and a phase II study of pazopanib 15 showed a MoS of 25 months. The current standard of care for metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, fluorouracil/folic acid (5-FU, Adrucil®), and gemcitabine (GEMZAR®) afforded a MoS of 23 and 23.6 months (EPAC-3 study), respectively. In patients who can tolerate the FOLFIRINOX regime, this is becoming the standard of treatment with a MoS of 11.1 months. Clinical study progress has been slow with limited improvement in patient survival relative to gemcitabine 1 monotherapy. A major cause of low PC survival is the late stage of diagnosis, occurring in patients who consider typical early stage warning signs of aches and pains normal. The selection of patients with specific disease phenotypes, the use of improved efficient drug combinations, the identification of biomarkers to specific cancer subtypes and more effective designs of investigation have improved outcomes. To move beyond the current dire condition and paucity of PC treatment options, determination of the best regimes and new treatment options is a challenge that must be met. The reasons for poor PC prognosis have remained largely unchanged for 20 years. This is arguably a consequence of significant changes in the drug discovery landscape, and the increasing pressure on academia to deliver short term 'media' friendly short-term news 'bites'. PC research sits at a pivotal point. Perhaps the greatest challenge is enacting a culture change that recognises that major breakthroughs are a result of blue sky, truly innovative and curiosity driven research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jufeng Sun
- Chemistry , School of Environmental & Life Sciences , The University of Newcastle , Newcastle , Callaghan , NSW 2308 , Australia . ; ; Tel: +61 249216486
- Medicinal Chemistry , School of Pharmacy , Binzhou Medical University , Yantai , 264003 , China
| | - Cecilia C Russell
- Chemistry , School of Environmental & Life Sciences , The University of Newcastle , Newcastle , Callaghan , NSW 2308 , Australia . ; ; Tel: +61 249216486
| | - Christopher J Scarlett
- Applied Sciences , School of Environmental & Life Sciences , The University of Newcastle , Ourimbah NSW 2258 , Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry , School of Environmental & Life Sciences , The University of Newcastle , Newcastle , Callaghan , NSW 2308 , Australia . ; ; Tel: +61 249216486
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15
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Xie Y, Ding J, Cui X, Wu M, Huang C, Zhang R, Wang J, Li X, Cen S, Zhou J. Screening of kinase inhibitors downregulating PD-L1 expression via on/in cell quantitative immunoblots. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 142:105088. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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16
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Lakkakula BVKS, Farran B, Lakkakula S, Peela S, Yarla NS, Bramhachari PV, Kamal MA, Saddala MS, Nagaraju GP. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and pancreatic cancer—Trials and troubles. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 56:149-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Efficacy of Recombinant Methioninase (rMETase) on Recalcitrant Cancer Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Mouse Models: A Review. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050410. [PMID: 31052611 PMCID: PMC6562625 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An excessive requirement for methionine (MET), termed MET dependence, appears to be a general metabolic defect in cancer and has been shown to be a very effective therapeutic target. MET restriction (MR) has inhibited the growth of all major cancer types by selectively arresting cancer cells in the late-S/G2 phase, when they also become highly sensitive to cytotoxic agents. Recombinant methioninase (rMETase) has been developed to effect MR. The present review describes the efficacy of rMETase on patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models of recalcitrant cancer, including the surprising result that rMETase administrated orally can be highly effective.
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18
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Miyake K, Kiyuna T, Miyake M, Zhao M, Wangsiricharoen S, Kawaguchi K, Zhang Z, Higuchi T, Razmjooei S, Li Y, Nelson SD, Russell T, Singh A, Murakami T, Hiroshima Y, Momiyama M, Matsuyama R, Chishima T, Singh SR, Chawla SP, Eilber FC, Endo I, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R overcomes partial carboplatinum-resistance of a cancer of unknown primary (CUP). Tissue Cell 2018; 54:144-149. [PMID: 30309504 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is metastatic disease without a known primary and therefore very difficult to identify effective therapy. Previously, we demonstrated partial efficacy of Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) alone and carboplatinum alone (CAR) on a CUP patient tumor in the patient-derived xenograft (PDOX) model. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of S. typhimurium A1-R combined with CAR on the CUP PDOX model. The CUP tumors were implanted orthotopically into the left supraclavicular fossa of nude mice to match the site from which they were resected from the patient. CUP PDOX models were divided randomly into the following 4 groups after the tumor volume reached 100 mm3: G1: untreated group; G2: CAR (30 mg/kg, i.p., weekly, 2 weeks); G3: S. typhimurium A1-R (5x107 CFU/body, i.v., weekly, 2 weeks).; G4: S. typhimurium A1-R combined with CAR (S. typhimurium A1-R; 5x107 CFU/body, i.v., weekly, 2 weeks; CAR, 30 mg/kg, i.p., weekly, 2 weeks). Each group comprised 7 mice. All mice were sacrificed on day 15. Tumor volume and body weight were measured twice a week. S. typhimurium A1-R and CAR moderately inhibited tumor growth compared to the untreated group on day 15 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). S. typhimurium A1-R combined with CAR inhibited the tumor growth significantly more compared to S. typhimurium A1-R monotherapy or CAR monotherapy on day 15 (P = 0.004 and P = 0.001, respectively). The present report demonstrates that S. typhimurium A1-R can increase the efficacy of a standard drug used for CUP in a PDOX model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masashi Momiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Sant P Chawla
- Sarcoma Oncology Center, 2811 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 414, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA.
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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19
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Kiyuna T, Tome Y, Murakami T, Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Miyake K, Miyake M, Li Y, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Singh AS, Russell TA, Elliott I, Singh SR, Kanaya F, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Trabectedin arrests a doxorubicin-resistant PDGFRA-activated liposarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:840. [PMID: 30126369 PMCID: PMC6102848 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS) is a rare, heterogeneous and an aggressive variant of liposarcoma. Therefore, individualized therapy is urgently needed. Our recent reports suggest that trabectedin (TRAB) is effective against several patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse models. Here, we compared the efficacy of first-line therapy, doxorubicin (DOX), and TRAB in a platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRA)-amplified PLPS. METHODS We used a fresh sample of PLPS tumor derived from a 68-year-old male patient diagnosed with a recurrent PLPS. Subcutaneous implantation of tumor tissue was performed in a nude mouse. After three weeks of implantation, tumor tissues were isolated and cut into small pieces. To match the patient a PDGFRA-amplified PLPS PDOX was created in the biceps femoris of nude mice. Mice were randomized into three groups: Group 1 (G1), control (untreated); Group 2 (G2), DOX-treated; Group 3 (G3), TRAB-treated. Measurement was done twice a week for tumor width, length, and mouse body weight. RESULTS The PLPS PDOX showed resistance towards DOX. However, TRAB could arrest the PLPS (p < 0.05 compared to control; p < 0.05 compared to DOX) without any significant changes in body-weight. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here suggest that for the individual patient the PLPS PDOX model could specifically distinguish both effective and ineffective drugs. This is especially crucial for PLPS because effective first-line therapy is harder to establish if it is not individualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Irmina Elliott
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Fuminori Kanaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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20
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Thompson EM, Landi D, Ashley D, Keir ST, Bigner D. Bevacizumab, irinotecan, temozolomide, tyrosine kinase inhibition, and MEK inhibition are effective against pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma regardless of V600E status. J Neurooncol 2018; 140:261-268. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2975-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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21
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Kiyuna T, Tome Y, Murakami T, Zhao M, Miyake K, Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Miyake M, Oshiro H, Higuchi T, Li Y, Dry SM, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Eckardt MA, Singh AS, Kanaya F, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R arrests a doxorubicin-resistant PDGFRA-amplified patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model of pleomorphic liposarcoma. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7827-7833. [PMID: 29932244 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS) is a recalcitrant soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) subtype in need of transformative therapy. We have previously established a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model, of PLPS with PDGFRA amplification, using surgical orthotopic implantation. In the current study, the PLPS PDOX model was randomized into 3 groups of 7 mice each: untreated control; doxorubicin (DOX)-treated; and treated with Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Tumor volume and body weight were monitored during the treatment period. The PLPS PDOX was resistant to DOX. In contrast, the PLPS PDOX was highly sensitive to S. typhimurium A1-R. There was no significant body-weight loss among these 3 groups. Fluorescence imaging demonstrated that S. typhimurium A1-R-GFP was very effective to target the PLPS PDOX tumor. The current study demonstrates that a PLPS PDOX, resistant to first-line therapy DOX, was highly sensitive to tumor targeting S. typhimurium A1-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fuminori Kanaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
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22
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MEK inhibitor trametinib in combination with gemcitabine regresses a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) pancreatic cancer nude mouse model. Tissue Cell 2018; 52:124-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Kiyuna T, Murakami T, Tome Y, Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Miyake K, Miyake M, Li Y, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Singh AS, Russell TA, Singh SR, Kanaya F, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Doxorubicin-resistant pleomorphic liposarcoma with PDGFRA gene amplification is targeted and regressed by pazopanib in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Tissue Cell 2018; 53:30-36. [PMID: 30060824 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS) is a heterogeneous resistant group of tumors. Complete surgical resection is the only known way to treat PLPS. PLPS is reristant to both radiation and chemotherapy. Therefore, precise individualized therapy is needed to improve outcome of advanced PLPS patients. In this study, a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of a PDGFRA-amplified PLPS was established in the biceps femoris of nude mice by surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI) in order to match the patient. The PLPS PDOX was treated with pazopanib (PAZ) which targets PDGFRA, as well as with temozolomide (TEM) and first-line therapy doxorubicin (DOX). The PLPS PDOX was resistant to DOX and responded very well to PAZ as well as TEM. The tumor volume on treatment day-14 relative to day-1 was as follows: DOX (4.50 ± 2.6, p = 0.8087); PAZ (1.29 ± 0.9, p = 0.0008 compared to the control, p = 0.0167 compared to DOX); TEM (1.07 ± 0.8, p = 0.0079 compared to the control, p = 0.0079 compared to DOX). There was no significant difference in body weight between any treated group or control. The PAZ- and TEM-treated tumors showed extensive necrosis compared to the DOX-treated and untreated PDOX tumors. The present study showed that PDGFRA amplification could be effectively targeted by PAZ. The PLPS PDOX model also identified the efficacy of TEM which does not target PDGFRA, indicating that the PDOX model can identify effective targeted therapy as well as standard therapy and at the same time, identify ineffective drugs, even if they are first-line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Fuminori Kanaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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24
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Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Miyake M, Li S, Han Q, Tan Y, Zhao M, Li Y, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Singh AS, Elliott IA, Russell TA, Eckardt MA, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Tsuchiya H, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R combined with recombinant methioninase and cisplatinum eradicates an osteosarcoma cisplatinum-resistant lung metastasis in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model: decoy, trap and kill chemotherapy moves toward the clinic. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:801-809. [PMID: 29374999 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1431596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of recurrent cisplatinum (CDDP)-resistant metastatic osteosarcoma was treated with Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R), which decoys chemoresistant quiescent cancer cells to cycle, and recombinant methioninase (rMETase), which selectively traps cancer cells in late S/G2, and chemotherapy. The PDOX models were randomized into the following groups 14 days after implantation: G1, control without treatment; G2, CDDP (6 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, weekly, for 2 weeks); G3, rMETase (100 unit/mouse, i.p., daily, for 2 weeks). G4, S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., weekly, for 2 weeks); G5, S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., weekly, for 2 weeks) combined with rMETase (100 unit/mouse, i.p., daily, for 2 weeks); G6, S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., weekly, for 2 weeks) combined with rMETase (100 unit/mouse, i.p., daily, for 2 weeks) and CDDP (6 mg/kg, i.p. injection, weekly, for 2 weeks). On day 14 after initiation, all treatments except CDDP alone, significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to untreated control: (CDDP: p = 0.586; rMETase: p = 0.002; S. typhimurium A1-R: p = 0.002; S. typhimurium A1-R combined with rMETase: p = 0.0004; rMETase combined with both S. typhimurium A1-R and CDDP: p = 0.0001). The decoy, trap and kill combination of S. typhimurium A1-R, rMETase and CDDP was the most effective of all therapies and was able to eradicate the metastatic osteosarcoma PDOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA.,c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Shukuan Li
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA
| | | | - Yuying Tan
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- d Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- d Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- d Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- e Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Irmina A Elliott
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- g Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , CT, USA
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
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25
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Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Miyake M, Murakami T, Chmielowski B, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Singh AS, Unno M, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Individualized doxorubicin sensitivity testing of undifferentiated soft tissue sarcoma (USTS) in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model demonstrates large differences between patients. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:627-633. [PMID: 29384032 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1421876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is often first-line treatment of undifferentiated/unclassified soft tissue sarcoma (USTS). However, the DOX response rate for USTS patients is low. Individualized precision-medicine technology that could identify DOX responders as well as non-responders would be of high value to cancer patients. In the present study, we established 5 patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse models from 5 USTS patients and evaluated the efficacy of DOX in each PDOX model. USTS's were grown orthotopically in the right thigh of nude mice to establish the PDOX models. Two weeks after implantation, the mouse models were randomized into two groups of 8 mice each: untreated control; and DOX (3 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 2 weeks). DOX showed significant growth inhibition in only 2 USTS PDOX models out of 5 (p = 0.0054, p = 0.0055, respectively) on day 14 after initiation. DOX was ineffective in the other 3 PDOX models. However, even in the DOX-sensitive cases, DOX could not regress the PDOX tumors responding to treatment. The present study has important implications since this is the first in vivo study to compare the DOX sensitivity for USTS on multiple patient tumors. We showed that only two of five USTS were responsive to DOX, despite DOX being first line chemotherapy for USTS. The 3 resistant cases should not be treated with DOX clinically, in order to spare the patients' unnecessary toxicity. This PDOX model is useful for precise individualized drug sensitivity testing, especially for rare heterogeneous recalcitrant sarcomas such as USTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- d Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- e Dep artmen t of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- e Dep artmen t of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- e Dep artmen t of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- d Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- c Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
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26
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Sereti E, Karagianellou T, Kotsoni I, Magouliotis D, Kamposioras K, Ulukaya E, Sakellaridis N, Zacharoulis D, Dimas K. Patient Derived Xenografts (PDX) for personalized treatment of pancreatic cancer: emerging allies in the war on a devastating cancer? J Proteomics 2018; 188:107-118. [PMID: 29398619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the eighth most lethal cancer for men and ninth for women worldwide, remains dismal. The increasing rates of deaths by PDAC indicate that the overall management of the disease in 21st century is still insufficient. Thus it is obvious that there is an unmet need to improve management of PDAC by finding new biomarkers to screen high risk patients, confirm diagnosis, and predict response to treatment as well more efficacious and safer treatments. Patient Derived Xenografts (PDX) have been developed as a new promising tool in an effort to mirror genetics, tumor heterogeneity and cancer microenvironment of the primary tumor. Herein we aim to give an updated overview of the current status and the perspectives of PDX in the search for the identification of novel biomarkers and improved therapeutic outcomes for PDAC but also their use as a valuable tool towards individualized treatments to improve the outcome of the disease. Furthermore, we critically review the applications, advantages, limitations, and perspectives of PDX in the research towards an improved management of PDAC. SIGNIFICANCE This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current status and the potential role as well as the challenges of PDX in the road to fight one of the most lethal cancers in the developed countries, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Sereti
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Ioanna Kotsoni
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Magouliotis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kamposioras
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield, United Kingdom
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nikos Sakellaridis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Dimas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
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27
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Tesfaye AA, Kamgar M, Azmi A, Philip PA. The evolution into personalized therapies in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: challenges and opportunities. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 18:131-148. [PMID: 29254387 PMCID: PMC6121777 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1417844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is projected to be the second leading cause of cancer related mortality in the United States in 2030, with a 5-year overall survival of less than 10% despite decades of extensive research. Pancreatic cancer is marked by the accumulation of complex molecular changes, complex tumor-stroma interaction, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. PDAC has proven to be resistant to many cytotoxic, targeted and immunologic treatment approaches. Areas covered: In this paper, we review the major areas of research in PDAC, with highlights on the challenges and areas of opportunity for personalized treatment approaches. Expert commentary: The focus of research in pancreatic cancer has moved away from developing conventional cytotoxic combinations. The marked advances in understanding the molecular biology of this disease especially in the areas of the microenvironment, metabolism, and DNA repair have opened new opportunities for developing novel treatment strategies. Improved understanding of molecular abnormalities allows the development of personalized treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anteneh A Tesfaye
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
| | - Mandana Kamgar
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
| | - Asfar Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
| | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
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28
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Igarashi K, Li S, Han Q, Tan Y, Kawaguchi K, Murakami T, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Li Y, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Singh AS, Elliott IA, Russell TA, Eckardt MA, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Tsuchiya H, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Growth of doxorubicin-resistant undifferentiated spindle-cell sarcoma PDOX is arrested by metabolic targeting with recombinant methioninase. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3537-3544. [PMID: 29143983 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated spindle-cell sarcoma (USCS) is a recalcitrant -cancer in need of individualized therapy. A high-grade USCS from a striated muscle of a patient was grown orthotopically in the right biceps femoris muscle of nude mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. In a previous study, we evaluated the efficacy of standard first-line chemotherapy of doxorubicin (DOX), gemcitabine (GEM) combined with docetaxel (DOC), compared to pazopanib (PAZ), a multi-targeting tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, in an USCS PDOX model. In the present study, mice-bearing the USCS PDOX tumors were randomized into the following groups when tumor volume reached 100 mm3 : G1, untreated control without treatment; G2, DOX (3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, weekly, for 2 weeks); G3, L-methionine α-deamino-γ-mercaptomethane lyase (recombinant methioninase [rMETase]) (100 U/mouse, i.p., daily, for 2 weeks). Tumor size and body weight were measured with calipers and a digital balance twice a week. The methionine level of supernatants derived from sonicated tumors was also measured. rMETase inhibited tumor growth, measured by tumor volume, compared to untreated controls and the DOX-treated group on day 14 after initiation of treatment: control (G1): 347.6 ± 88 mm3 ; DOX (G2): 329.5 ± 79 mm3 , P = 0.670; rMETase (G3): 162.6 ± 51 mm3 , P = 0.0003. The mouse body weight of the treated mice was not significantly different from the untreated controls. Tumor L-methionine levels were reduced after the rMETase-treatment compared to untreated control and pre-rMETase treatment. We previously reported efficacy of rMETase against Ewing's sarcoma and melanoma in a PDOX models. These studies suggest clinical development of rMETase, especially in recalcitrant cancers such as sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Irmina A Elliott
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
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29
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Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Li S, Han Q, Tan Y, Miyake K, Kiyuna T, Miyake M, Murakami T, Chmielowski B, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Unno M, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Recombinant methioninase (rMETase) is an effective therapeutic for BRAF-V600E-negative as well as -positive melanoma in patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse models. Oncotarget 2018; 9:915-923. [PMID: 29416666 PMCID: PMC5787523 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a recalcitrant disease. Melanoma patients with the BRAF-V600E mutation have been treated with the drug vemurafenib (VEM) which targets this mutation. However, we previously showed that VEM is not very effective against a BRAF-V600E melanoma mutant in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. In contrast, we demonstrated that recombinant methioninase (rMETase) which targets the general metabolic defect in cancer of methionine dependence, was effective against the BRAF-V600E mutant melanoma PDOX model. In the present study, we demonstrate that rMETase is effective against a BRAF-V600E-negative melanoma PDOX which we established. Forty BRAF-V600E-negative melanoma PDOX mouse models were randomized into four groups of 10 mice each: untreated control (n = 10); temozolomide (TEM) (25 mg/kg, p.o., 14 consecutive days, n = 10); rMETase (100 units, i.p., 14 consecutive days, n = 10); TEM + rMETase (TEM: 25 mg/kg, p.o., rMETase: 100 units, i.p., 14 consecutive days, n = 10). All treatments inhibited tumor growth compared to untreated control (TEM: p = 0.0003, rMETase: p = 0.0006, TEM/rMETase: p = 0.0002) on day 14 after initiation. Combination therapy of TEM and rMETase was significantly more effective than either mono-therapy (TEM: p = 0.0113, rMETase: p = 0.0173). The present study shows that TEM combined with rMETase is effective for BRAF-V600E-negative melanoma PDOX similar to the BRAF-V600E-positive mutation melanoma. These results suggest rMETase in combination with first-line chemotherapy can be highly effective in both BRAF-V600E-negative as well as BRAF-V600E-positive melanoma and has clinical potential for this recalcitrant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D. Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A. Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M. Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fritz C. Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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30
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McCubrey JA, Abrams SL, Lertpiriyapong K, Cocco L, Ratti S, Martelli AM, Candido S, Libra M, Murata RM, Rosalen PL, Lombardi P, Montalto G, Cervello M, Gizak A, Rakus D, Steelman LS. Effects of berberine, curcumin, resveratrol alone and in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs and signal transduction inhibitors on cancer cells-Power of nutraceuticals. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 67:190-211. [PMID: 28988970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past fifty years, society has become aware of the importance of a healthy diet in terms of human fitness and longevity. More recently, the concept of the beneficial effects of certain components of our diet and other compounds, that are consumed often by different cultures in various parts of the world, has become apparent. These "healthy" components of our diet are often referred to as nutraceuticals and they can prevent/suppress: aging, bacterial, fungal and viral infections, diabetes, inflammation, metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases and have other health-enhancing effects. Moreover, they are now often being investigated because of their anti-cancer properties/potentials. Understanding the effects of various natural products on cancer cells may enhance their usage as anti-proliferative agents which may be beneficial for many health problems. In this manuscript, we discuss and demonstrate how certain nutraceuticals may enhance other anti-cancer drugs to suppress proliferation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | - Stephen L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Kvin Lertpiriyapong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, USA; Center of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and the Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences - Oncological, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences - Oncological, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ramiro M Murata
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, USA
| | - Pedro L Rosalen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Paolo Lombardi
- Naxospharma, Via Giuseppe Di Vittorio 70, Novate Milanese 20026, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Linda S Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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31
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Jun E, Hong SM, Yoo HJ, Kim MB, Won JS, An S, Shim IK, Chang S, Hoffman RM, Kim SC. Genetic and metabolic comparison of orthotopic and heterotopic patient-derived pancreatic-cancer xenografts to the original patient tumors. Oncotarget 2017; 9:7867-7881. [PMID: 29487698 PMCID: PMC5814265 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors from 25 patients with pancreatic cancer were used to establish two patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models: orthotopic PDX (PDOX) and heterotopic (subcutaneous) PDX (PDHX). We compared gene expression by immunohistochemistry, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), DNA methylation, and metabolite levels. The 4 cases, of the total of 13 in which simultaneous PDHX & PDOX models were established, were randomly selected. The molecular-genetic characteristics of the patient's tumor were well maintained in the two PDX models. SNP analysis demonstrated that both groups were more than 90% identical to the original patient's tumor, and there was little difference between the two models. DNA methylation of most genes was similar among the two models and the original patients tumor, but some gene sets were hypermethylated the in PDOX model and hypomethylated in the PDHX model. Most of the metabolites had a similar pattern to those of the original patient tumor in both PDX tumor models, but some metabolites were more prominent in the PDOX and PDHX models. This is the first simultaneous molecular-genetic and metabolite comparison of patient tumors and their tumors established in PDOX and PDHX models. The results indicate high fidelity of these critical properties of the patient tumors in the two models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsung Jun
- Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moon-Bo Kim
- MetaBio Inc., Gangdong-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Sun Won
- Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soyeon An
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Kyong Shim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suhwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Song Cheol Kim
- Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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32
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Miyake K, Murakami T, Kiyuna T, Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Li Y, Singh AS, Dry SM, Eckardt MA, Hiroshima Y, Momiyama M, Matsuyama R, Chishima T, Endo I, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Eribulin regresses a doxorubicin‐resistant Ewing's sarcoma with a
FUS‐ERG
fusion and
CDKN2A‐
deletion in a patient‐derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:967-972. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc.San DiegoCalifornia
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer Inc.San DiegoCalifornia
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc.San DiegoCalifornia
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc.San DiegoCalifornia
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc.San DiegoCalifornia
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Arun S. Singh
- Division of Hematology‐OncologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Sarah M. Dry
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Mark A. Eckardt
- Department of SurgeryYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Masashi Momiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Fritz C. Eilber
- Division of Surgical OncologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc.San DiegoCalifornia
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
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33
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The combination of temozolomide-irinotecan regresses a doxorubicin-resistant patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model of recurrent Ewing's sarcoma with a FUS-ERG fusion and CDKN2A deletion: Direction for third-line patient therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103129-103136. [PMID: 29262551 PMCID: PMC5732717 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the usefulness of a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model of a doxorubicin-resistant metastatic Ewing’s sarcoma, with a unique combination of a FUS-ERG fusion and CDKN2A deletion, to identify effective drugs for third-line chemotherapy of the patient. Our previous study showed that cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitors were effective on the Ewing’s sarcoma PDOX, but not doxorubicin, similar to the patient’s resistance to doxorubicin. The results of the previous PDOX study were successfully used for second-line therapy of the patiend. In the present study, the PDOX mice established with the Ewing’s sarcoma in the right chest wall were randomized into 5 groups when the tumor volume reached 60 mm3: untreated control; gemcitabine combined with docetaxel (intraperitoneal [i.p.] injection, weekly, for 2 weeks); irinotecan combined with temozolomide (irinotecan: i.p. injection; temozolomide: oral administration, daily, for 2 weeks); pazopanib (oral administration, daily, for 2 weeks); yondelis (intravenous injection, weekly, for 2 weeks). All mice were sacrificed on day 15. Body weight and tumor volume were assessed 2 times per week. Tumor weight was measured after sacrifice. Irinotecan combined with temozolomide was the most effective regimen compared to the untreated control group (p=0.022). Gemcitabine combined with docetaxel was also effective (p=0.026). Pazopanib and yondelis did not have significant efficacy compared to the untreated control (p=0.130, p=0.818). These results could be obtained within two months after the physician’s request and were used for third-line therapy of the patient.
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34
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Igarashi K, Murakami T, Kawaguchi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Zhang Y, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Li Y, Yanagawa J, Russell TA, Singh AS, Tsuchiya H, Elliott I, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. A patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model of a cisplatinum-resistant osteosarcoma lung metastasis that was sensitive to temozolomide and trabectedin: implications for precision oncology. Oncotarget 2017; 8:62111-62119. [PMID: 28977930 PMCID: PMC5617490 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of trabectedin (TRAB) and temozolomide (TEM) compared to cisplatinum (CDDP) on a patient-derived orthotopic xenogrraft (PDOX) of a lung-metastasis from an osteosarcoma of a patient who failed CDDP therapy. Osteosarcoma resected from the patient was implanted orthotopically in the distal femur of mice to establish PDOX models which were randomized into the following groups when tumor volume reached approximately 100 mm3: G1, control without treatment; G2, CDDP (6 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection, weekly, for 2 weeks); G3, TRAB (0.15 mg/kg, intravenous injection, weekly, for 2 weeks); G4, TEM (25 mg/kg, oral, daily, for 14 days). Tumor size and body weight were measured with calipers and a digital balance, respectively, twice a week. On day 14 after initiation of treatment, TEM and TRAB, but not CDDP, significantly inhibited tumor volume compared to untreated control: control (G1): 814.5±258.8 mm3; CDDP (G2): 608.6±126.9 mm3; TRAB (G3): 286.6±133.0 mm3; TEM (G4): 182.9±69.1 mm3. CDDP vs. control, p=0.07; TRAB vs. control, p=0.0004; TEM vs. control p =0.0002; TRAB vs. CDDP, p =0.0002; TEM vs. CDDP, p =0.00003. The results of the present study show that a PDOX model of an osteosarcoma lung-metastasis that recurred after adjuvant CDDP-treatment has identified potentially, highly-effective drugs for this recalcitrant disease, while accurately maintaining the CDDP resistance of the tumor in the patient, thereby demonstrating the potential of the osteosarcoma PDOX model for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jane Yanagawa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Irmina Elliott
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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