1
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Huang C, Qiu Z, Wang M, Ji J, Xiao X, Wang Y, Xu X, Gao Z, Gao C. N-glycan signatures identified in the serum from biliary tract cancer patients: Association with clinical diagnosis and prognosis. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2024. [PMID: 38824438 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in the expression of genes related to glycosyltransferases may lead to alterations in N-glycan structure abundance, potentially acting as markers for diagnosis and prognosis in biliary tract cancer (BTC). METHODS This study was divided into cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches. The cross-sectional study included 316 BTC and 301 non-BTC. Propensity score matching was applied to adjust for sex and age differences between BTC and non-BTC. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression identified independent risk factors for BTC and constructed the BTC-G model. The ROC curve was used to validate the diagnostic performance of BTC-G. Longitudinal follow-up studies included postoperative (N = 50) and immunotherapy (N = 43) follow-up cohorts. Cox regression analysis identified N-glycan structures impacting BTC prognosis postoperative and immunotherapy, with further confirmation through Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS Univariate and multivariate analyses identified Peak3 (OR: 0.790, 95% CI: 0.658-0.949), Peak9 (OR: 1.646, 95% CI: 1.409-1.922), and Peak9p (OR: 2.467, 95% CI: 1.267-4.804) as independent BTC risk factors, leading to the creation of the BTC-G. The ROC curve confirmed that BTC-G performed well in training (AUC: 0.753, 95% CI: 0.703-0.799), validation (AUC: 0.811, 95% CI: 0.740-0.870), and CA19-9 negative cohorts (AUC: 0.717, 95% CI: 0.664-0.767). Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves established that Peak12 (HR: 5.578, 95% CI: 1.145-27.170) and Peak11 (HR: 1.104, 95% CI: 0.611-1.994) are independent risk factors for BTC prognosis following surgery and immunotherapy, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our NGFP technology supplements BTC diagnostics, distinguishing survival and recurrence subtypes for postoperative and immunotherapy, thereby supporting the development of treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjun Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiquan Qiu
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery I, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunfang Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Guan X, Liang J, Xiang Y, Li T, Zhong X. BARX1 repressed FOXF1 expression and activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to drive lung adenocarcinoma. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129717. [PMID: 38290639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underlying molecular mechanisms of BARX homeobox 1 (BARX1) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain elusive. METHODS Abnormally expressed genes in LUAD tissues were analyzed by RNA-sequencing. CCK-8, colony formation, transwell, and wound healing assays examined proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and migration of LUAD cells, respectively. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay examined the interaction between BARX1 and Forkhead Box F1 (FOXF1). Xenograft mouse model of LUAD was constructed to monitor the growth and metastasis of tumor. RESULTS BARX1 was upregulated, FOXF1 was downregulated in LUAD tissues and cells. There was a negative correlation between BARX1 and FOXF1 expression. BARX1 deficiency limited malignant phenotypes of LUAD cells, including proliferation, invasion, migration and EMT. In vivo, BARX1 knockdown suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in A549-drove xenograft mouse model. BARX1 interacted with FOXF1 promoter and repressed FOXF1 expression. Upregulation of BARX1 promoted the expression of Wnt5a, β-catenin, and phosphorylated-glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (p-GSK3β), whereas inhibited FOXF1, p-β-catenin, and GSK3β in LUAD cells. BARX1 knockdown caused an opposite result. Rescue assays uncovered that FOXF1 reversed the impact of BARX1 on malignant phenotypes and Wnt/β-catenin of LUAD cells. CONCLUSION BARX1 repressed FOXF1 expression and activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to drive lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Guan
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yifan Xiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Xinwen Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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3
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Jiang Y, Miao X, Wu Z, Xie W, Wang L, Liu H, Gong W. Targeting SIRT1 synergistically improves the antitumor effect of JQ-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22093. [PMID: 38045194 PMCID: PMC10692793 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain and extraterminal domain protein inhibitors have shown therapeutic promise in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, resistance to bromodomain and extraterminal domain protein inhibitors has emerged in preclinical trials, presenting an immense clinical challenge, and the mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we found that overexpression of SIRT1 induced by JQ-1, a bromodomain and extraterminal domain protein inhibitor, may confer resistance to JQ-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. SIRT1 protein expression was higher in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues than in normal tissues, and this phenotype was correlated with a poor prognosis. Cotreatment with JQ-1 and the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 synergistically suppressed proliferation and blocked cell cycle progression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Combined administration of JQ-1 and EX527 successfully reduced the tumor burden in vivo. In addition, JQ-1 mediated AMPK/p-AMPK axis activation to upregulate SIRT1 protein expression and enhanced autophagy to inhibit cell apoptosis. Activation of AMPK could alleviate the antitumor effect of the combination of JQ-1 and EX527 on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Furthermore, inhibition of SIRT1 further enhanced the antitumor effect of JQ-1 by blocking protective autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Our study proposes a novel and efficacious therapeutic strategy of a BET inhibitor combined with a SIRT1 inhibitor for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuancong Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Xiaolong Miao
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Institute of Transplantation Science, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zelai Wu
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weixun Xie
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihua Gong
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Zhang T, Qiu L, Cao J, Li Q, Zhang L, An G, Ni J, Jia H, Li S, Li K. ZFP36 loss-mediated BARX1 stabilization promotes malignant phenotypes by transactivating master oncogenes in NSCLC. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:527. [PMID: 37587140 PMCID: PMC10432398 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the dysregulation of BARX1 expression has been shown to be associated with malignant cancers, including NSCLC, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we identified BARX1 as a common differentially expressed gene in lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Importantly, we uncovered a novel mechanism behind the regulation of BARX1, in which ZFP36 interacted with 3'UTR of BARX1 mRNA to mediate its destabilization. Loss of ZFP36 led to the upregulation of BARX1, which further promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. In addition, the knockdown of BARX1 inhibited tumorigenicity in mouse xenograft. We demonstrated that BARX1 promoted the malignant phenotypes by transactivating a set of master oncogenes involved in the cell cycle, DNA synthesis and metastasis. Overall, our study provides insights into the mechanism of BARX1 actions in NSCLC and aids a better understanding of NSCLC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjia Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhen Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, 102218, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Research, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, 102218, Beijing, China
| | - Lifan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Guoshun An
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Juhua Ni
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Hongti Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Kailong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China.
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5
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Huang X, Wang Z, Zhang J, Ni X, Bai G, Cao J, Zhang C, Han Z, Liu T. BARX1 promotes osteosarcoma cell proliferation and invasion by regulating HSPA6 expression. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:211. [PMID: 36927457 PMCID: PMC10018937 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a bone tumour affecting adolescents. Dysregulation of Barx homeobox 1 (BARX1) expression is involved in various cancers, but its function and mechanism in the process of OS are undefined. This study revealed that BARX1 expression is higher in OS tissue than in adjacent normal tissue. Downregulation of BARX1 in OS cells significantly suppressed their proliferation and migration, whereas enforced expression of exogenous BARX1 exerted the opposite effects on OS cells. Subsequently, heat shock 70-kDa protein 6 (HSPA6) expression was clearly increased after BARX1 overexpression in OS cells, as confirmed by RNA sequencing. The dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that HSPA6 expression is directly regulated by BARX1. The in vitro assay indicated that silencing HSPA6 expression attenuated OS proliferation and migration induced by BARX1. A dual immunofluorescence labelling assay provided further evidence that BARX1 was overexpressed and associated with HSPA6 overexpression in OS tumour tissue. In conclusion, BARX1 promotes OS cell proliferation and migration by inducing the expression of HSPA6, which plays an oncogenic role in OS. BARX1 and HSPA6 can potentially act as novel therapeutic targets for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xiangzhi Ni
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Guangjian Bai
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jiashi Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, No. 455 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, The Navy Medical University, No. 338 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai, 200052, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhitao Han
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Tielong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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6
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de-Souza-Ferreira M, Ferreira ÉE, de-Freitas-Junior JCM. Aberrant N-glycosylation in cancer: MGAT5 and β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycans as critical regulators of tumor development and progression. Cell Oncol 2023; 46:481-501. [PMID: 36689079 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in protein glycosylation are widely observed in tumor cells. N-glycan branching through adding β1,6-linked N-acetylglucosamine (β1,6-GlcNAc) to an α1,6-linked mannose, which is catalyzed by the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (MGAT5 or GnT-V), is one of the most frequently observed tumor-associated glycan structure formed. Increased levels of this branching structure play a pro-tumoral role in various ways, for example, through the stabilization of growth factor receptors, the destabilization of intercellular adhesion, or the acquisition of a migratory phenotype. CONCLUSION In this review, we provide an updated and comprehensive summary of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of MGAT5 and β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycans, including their regulatory mechanisms. Specific emphasis is given to the role of MGAT5 and β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycans in cellular mechanisms that contribute to the development and progression of solid tumors. We also provide insight into possible future clinical implications, such as the use of MGAT5 as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle de-Souza-Ferreira
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Cancer Glycobiology Group, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), 37 André Cavalcanti Street, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Érika Elias Ferreira
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Cancer Glycobiology Group, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), 37 André Cavalcanti Street, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Madureira de-Freitas-Junior
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Cancer Glycobiology Group, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), 37 André Cavalcanti Street, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil.
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7
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Aghayousefi R, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Zununi Vahed S, Bastami M, Pirmoradi S, Teshnehlab M. A diagnostic miRNA panel to detect recurrence of ovarian cancer through artificial intelligence approaches. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:325-341. [PMID: 36378340 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian Cancer (OC) is the deadliest gynecology malignancy, whose high recurrence rate in OC patients is a challenging object. Therefore, having deep insights into the genetic and molecular mechanisms of OC recurrence can improve the target therapeutic procedures. This study aimed to discover crucial miRNAs for the detection of tumor recurrence in OC by artificial intelligence approaches. METHOD Through the ANOVA feature selection method, we selected 100 candidate miRNAs among 588 miRNAs. For their classification, a deep-learning model was employed to validate the significance of the candidate miRNAs. The accuracy, F1-score (high-risk), and AUC-ROC of classification test data based on the 100 miRNAs were 73%, 0.81, and 0.65, respectively. Association rule mining was used to discover hidden relations among the selected miRNAs. RESULT Five miRNAs, including miR-1914, miR-203, miR-135a-2, miR-149, and miR-9-1, were identified as the most frequent items among high-risk association rules. The identified miRNAs may target genes/proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), resistance to therapy, and cancer stem cells; being responsible for the heterogeneity and plasticity of the tumor. Our conclusion presents mir-1914 as the significant candidate miRNA and the most frequent item. Current knowledge indicates that the dysregulated miR-1914 may function as a tumor suppressor or oncogene in the development of cancer. CONCLUSION These candidate miRNAs can be considered a powerful tool in the diagnosis of OC recurrence. We hypothesize that mir-1914 might open a new line of research in the realm of managing the recurrence of OC and could be a significant factor in triggering OC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Aghayousefi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hosseiniyan Khatibi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Rahat Breath and Sleep Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Milad Bastami
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Saeed Pirmoradi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Teshnehlab
- Department of Electrical Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Dong K, Gu D, Shi J, Bao Y, Fu Z, Fang Y, Qu L, Zhu W, Jiang A, Wang L. Identification and Verification of m 7G Modification Patterns and Characterization of Tumor Microenvironment Infiltration via Multi-Omics Analysis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:874792. [PMID: 35592316 PMCID: PMC9113293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.874792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic modification of tumorigenesis and progression in neoplasm has been demonstrated in recent studies. Nevertheless, the underlying association of N7-methylguanosine (m7G) regulation with molecular heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment (TME) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unknown. We explored the expression profiles and genetic variation features of m7G regulators and identified their correlations with patient outcomes in pan-cancer. Three distinct m7G modification patterns, including MGCS1, MGCS2, and MGCS3, were further determined and systematically characterized via multi-omics data in ccRCC. Compared with the other two subtypes, patients in MGCS3 exhibited a lower clinical stage/grade and better prognosis. MGCS1 showed the lowest enrichment of metabolic activities. MGCS2 was characterized by the suppression of immunity. We then established and validated a scoring tool named m7Sig, which could predict the prognosis of ccRCC patients. This study revealed that m7G modification played a vital role in the formation of the tumor microenvironment in ccRCC. Evaluating the m7G modification landscape helps us to raise awareness and strengthen the understanding of ccRCC’s characterization and, furthermore, to guide future clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dong
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Gu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiazi Shi
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yewei Bao
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibin Fu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Qu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wentong Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aimin Jiang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linhui Wang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Sun G, Ge Y, Zhang Y, Yan L, Wu X, Ouyang W, Wang Z, Ding B, Zhang Y, Long G, Liu M, Shi R, Zhou H, Chen Z, Ye Z. Transcription Factors BARX1 and DLX4 Contribute to Progression of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma via Promoting Proliferation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:626328. [PMID: 34124141 PMCID: PMC8188704 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.626328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of transcription factors contributes to the carcinogenesis and progression of cancers. However, their roles in clear cell renal cell carcinoma remain largely unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of TFs and investigate their potential molecular mechanisms in ccRCC. Data were accessed from the cancer genome atlas kidney clear cell carcinoma cohort. Bioinformatics algorithm was used in copy number alterations mutations, and differentially expressed TFs’ analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify clinically significant TFs and construct a six-TF prognostic panel. TFs’ expression was validated in human tissues. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was utilized to find enriched cancer hallmark pathways. Functional experiments were conducted to verify the cancer-promoting effect of BARX homeobox 1 (BARX1) and distal-less homeobox 4 (DLX4) in ccRCC, and Western blot was performed to explore their downstream pathways. As for results, many CNAs and mutations were identified in transcription factor genes. TFs were differentially expressed in ccRCC. An applicable predictive panel of six-TF genes was constructed to predict the overall survival for ccRCC patients, and its diagnostic efficiency was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC). BARX1 and DLX4 were associated with poor prognosis, and they could promote the proliferation and migration of ccRCC. In conclusion, the six-TF panel can be used as a prognostic biomarker for ccRCC patients. BARX1 and DLX4 play oncogenic roles in ccRCC via promoting proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. They have the potential to be novel therapeutic targets for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Sun
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Ge
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangjun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, China
| | - Libin Yan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhize Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beichen Ding
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yucong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gongwei Long
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, China
| | - Runlin Shi
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, China
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10
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Lu Y, Lu H, Yang X, Song W. BarH-like homeobox 1 induces the progression of cell malignant phenotype in endometrial carcinoma through the regulation of ERK/MEK signaling pathway. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100502. [PMID: 33784561 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this article was to assess whether and how BARX1 affects the progression of malignant phenotype of endometrial carcinoma (EC) cells. BARX1 levels and its prognostic value were evaluated using the EC-related RNA sequence dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Functional experiments were performed to evaluate the biological roles of BARX1 in EC HEC-1-A and KLE cells by silencing BARX1. BARX1 was upregulated in EC tissues according to the public database and in EC cells. High expression of BARX1 led to a poor prognosis and significantly related to clinical stage, pathological grade, death, histological subtypes, and menopause status in patients with EC. Silencing BARX1 notably suppressed the aggressive phenotypes of EC cells, as evidenced by inhibiting cells viability, growth, invasion and migration. Furthermore, depletion of BARX1 decreased the phosphorylation (p) levels of ERK and MEK, also reinforced the suppressive effects of ERK/MEK pathway blocker PD98059 on the p-ERK and p-MEK levels. Together, our results demonstrated that BARX1 functions as a carcinogen by regulating the cell viability, invasion, and migration at least partly through the ERK/MEK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Lu
- Reproductive Medicine Center of Zibo Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, 255000, PR China
| | - Hongyan Lu
- Reproductive Medicine Center of Zibo Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, 255000, PR China
| | - Xin Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center of Zibo Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, 255000, PR China
| | - Wenjun Song
- Reproductive Medicine Center of Zibo Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, 255000, PR China.
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11
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A dual immune signature of CD8+ T cells and MMP9 improves the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228011. [PMID: 33656546 PMCID: PMC7969702 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-year survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is difficult due to the high recurrence rate and metastasis. Tumor infiltrating immune cells (TICs) and immune-related genes (IRGs) bring hope to improve survival and treatment of HCC patients. However, there are problems in predicting immune signatures and identifying novel therapeutic targets. In the study, the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to evaluate 22 immune cell infiltration patterns in gene expression omnibus (GEO) and the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) data. Eight immune cells were found to have significant infiltration differences between the tumor and normal groups. The CD8+ T cells immune signature was constructed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm. The high infiltration level of CD8+ T cells could significantly improve survival of patients. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) algorithm identified MMP9 was closely related to the overall survival of HCC patients. K-M survival and tROC analysis confirmed that MMP9 had an excellent prognostic prediction. Cox regression showed that a dual immune signature of CD8+ T cells and MMP9 was independent survival factor in HCC. Therefore, a dual prognostic immune signature could improve the survival of patient and may provide a new strategy for the immunotherapy of HCC.
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12
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Tang N, Li H, Zhang L, Zhang X, Chen Y, Shou H, Feng S, Chen X, Luo Y, Tang R, Wang B. A Macromolecular Drug for Cancer Therapy via Extracellular Calcification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- Cancer Institute The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China
| | - Hanhui Li
- Cancer Institute The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Cancer Institute The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 China
- Department of Biochemistry Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Xueyun Zhang
- Cancer Institute The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 China
- Department of Biochemistry Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Yanni Chen
- Cancer Institute The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China
| | - Hao Shou
- Cancer Institute The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China
| | - Shuaishuai Feng
- Cancer Institute The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation Ministry of Public Health The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310003 China
| | - Yan Luo
- Cancer Institute The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 China
- Department of Biochemistry Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Ben Wang
- Cancer Institute The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China
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13
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Tang N, Li H, Zhang L, Zhang X, Chen Y, Shou H, Feng S, Chen X, Luo Y, Tang R, Wang B. A Macromolecular Drug for Cancer Therapy via Extracellular Calcification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6509-6517. [PMID: 33427367 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy typically relies on drug endocytosis and inhibits tumor cell proliferation via intracellular pathways; however, severe side effects may arise. In this study, we performed a first attempt to develop macromolecular-induced extracellular chemotherapy involving biomineralization by absorbing calcium from the blood through a new type of drug, polysialic acid conjugated with folate (folate-polySia), which selectively induces biogenic mineral formation on tumor cells and results in the pathological calcification of tumors. The macromolecule-initiated extracellular calcification causes cancer cell death mainly by intervening with the glycolysis process in cancer cells. Systemic administration of folate-polySia inhibited cervical and breast tumor growth and dramatically improved survival rates in mice. This study provides an extracellular therapeutic approach for malignant tumor diseases via calcification that is ready for clinical trials and offers new insights into macromolecular anticancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Hanhui Li
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xueyun Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanni Chen
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Hao Shou
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Shuaishuai Feng
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
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14
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Hemming ML, Coy S, Lin JR, Andersen JL, Przybyl J, Mazzola E, Abdelhamid Ahmed AH, van de Rijn M, Sorger PK, Armstrong SA, Demetri GD, Santagata S. HAND1 and BARX1 Act as Transcriptional and Anatomic Determinants of Malignancy in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:1706-1719. [PMID: 33451979 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) arises from interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) or their precursors, which are present throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Although gastric GIST is commonly indolent and small intestine GIST more aggressive, a molecular understanding of disease behavior would inform therapy decisions in GIST. Although a core transcription factor (TF) network is conserved across GIST, accessory TFs HAND1 and BARX1 are expressed in a disease state-specific pattern. Here, we characterize two divergent transcriptional programs maintained by HAND1 and BARX1, and evaluate their association with clinical outcomes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We evaluated RNA sequencing and TF chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing in GIST samples and cultured cells for transcriptional programs associated with HAND1 and BARX1. Multiplexed tissue-based cyclic immunofluorescence and IHC evaluated tissue- and cell-level expression of TFs and their association with clinical factors. RESULTS We show that HAND1 is expressed in aggressive GIST, modulating KIT and core TF expression and supporting proliferative cellular programs. In contrast, BARX1 is expressed in indolent and micro-GISTs. HAND1 and BARX1 expression were superior predictors of relapse-free survival, as compared with standard risk stratification, and they predict progression-free survival on imatinib. Reflecting the developmental origins of accessory TF programs, HAND1 was expressed solely in small intestine ICCs, whereas BARX1 expression was restricted to gastric ICCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results define anatomic and transcriptional determinants of GIST and molecular origins of clinical phenotypes. Assessment of HAND1 and BARX1 expression in GIST may provide prognostic information and improve clinical decisions on the administration of adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Hemming
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Sarcoma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shannon Coy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jia-Ren Lin
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica L Andersen
- Sarcoma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Emanuele Mazzola
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amr H Abdelhamid Ahmed
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Sarcoma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Peter K Sorger
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George D Demetri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Sarcoma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
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15
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Zheng Y, Zhu M, Li M. Effects of alpha-fetoprotein on the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:2439-2446. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Ma J, Xia LL, Yao XQ, Zheng SM, Li S, Xu LS, Sha WH, Li ZS. BARX2 expression is downregulated by CpG island hypermethylation and is associated with suppressed cell proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:1805-1818. [PMID: 32236603 PMCID: PMC7160541 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BarH-like homeobox 2 (BARX2), a homeobox gene, is associated with several types of cancers. The present study aimed to determine whether DNA methylation downregulates BARX2 expression and whether BARX2 is associated with suppression of gastric carcinogenesis. BARX2 protein expression in normal and cancerous gastric tissues and various gastric cancer (GC) cell lines was detected using immunohistochemical and western blot assays. BARX2 mRNA levels were detected using both reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Promoter hypermethylation in GC cells was detected using methylation-specific PCR or bisulfite DNA sequencing PCR. Effects of BARX2 expression on GC cell proliferation, clonal formation, and migration were evaluated after lentivirus-BARX2 transfection. The effect of stable BARX2 transfection on tumor formation was assessed in a nude xenograft mouse model. BARX2 was strongly expressed in the normal gastric mucosa, but weakly or not expressed in GC tissues and most GC cell lines. BARX2 expression was negatively correlated with DNMT (a marker for DNA methylation) expression in the gastric tissues. The BARX2 promoter fragment was hypermethylated in the GC cell lines. Overexpression of BARX2 significantly inhibited GC cell proliferation, clonal formation, and migration. Stable BARX2 transfection inhibited tumor formation in xenograft mice, which was correlated with decreased expression of E-cadherin, proliferation markers, and matrix metalloproteinases. In conclusion, BARX2 expression is aberrantly reduced in GC, which is associated with increased DNA methylation of its promoter. BARX2 inhibits GC cell proliferation, migration, and tumor formation, suggesting that BARX2 acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Xia
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Qing Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Min Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shi Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Shu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Hong Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Song Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
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17
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Homeobox Genes and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050621. [PMID: 31058850 PMCID: PMC6562709 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common type of cancer, and is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths each year. It involves a multi-step progression and is strongly associated with chronic inflammation induced by the intake of environmental toxins and/or viral infections (i.e., hepatitis B and C viruses). Although several genetic dysregulations are considered to be involved in disease progression, the detailed regulatory mechanisms are not well defined. Homeobox genes that encode transcription factors with homeodomains control cell growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis in embryonic development. Recently, more aberrant expressions of Homeobox genes were found in a wide variety of human cancer, including HCC. In this review, we summarize the currently available evidence related to the role of Homeobox genes in the development of HCC. The objective is to determine the roles of this conserved transcription factor family and its potential use as a therapeutic target in future investigations.
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18
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Yan G, Li Y, Zhan L, Sun S, Yuan J, Wang T, Yin Y, Dai Z, Zhu Y, Jiang Z, Liu L, Fan Y, Yang F, Hu W. Decreased miR-124-3p promoted breast cancer proliferation and metastasis by targeting MGAT5. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:585-596. [PMID: 30949412 PMCID: PMC6448066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to regulate gene expression involved in tumor progression of multiple malignancies. Numerous studies have indicated that N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (MGAT5), is an important tumorigenesis and metastasis-associated enzyme in breast cancer (BC). But, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which ncRNAs modulate MGAT5 expression in BC remain undetermined. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-124 expression at a low level in BC tissue was associated with poor prognosis of BC patients. Meanwhile, miR-124 reduced BC cell proliferation and metastasis. MGAT5 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-124. MGAT5 restoration attenuated the inhibitory effects of miR-124 on BC proliferation and metastasis in vitro and vivo. Overall, we provide new insight into the mechanisms by which miR-124 inhibits BC progression, suggesting the potential of miR-124 and MGAT5 as biomarkers for early diagnosis of breast cancer to provide innovative ideas and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Yan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Naval Hospital, Eastern Theater PLAZhoushan 316000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinhui Li
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Lu Zhan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuhan Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Naval Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Jihang Yuan
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Naval Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Naval Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Yupeng Yin
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Naval Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhihui Dai
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Naval Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Yiqing Zhu
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Naval Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhijing Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Naval Hospital, Eastern Theater PLAZhoushan 316000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Naval Hospital, Eastern Theater PLAZhoushan 316000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinxing Fan
- Department of Internal Medicine, 359th HospitalZhenjiang 212050, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fu Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Naval Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
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19
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Macrin D, Alghadeer A, Zhao YT, Miklas JW, Hussein AM, Detraux D, Robitaille AM, Madan A, Moon RT, Wang Y, Devi A, Mathieu J, Ruohola-Baker H. Metabolism as an early predictor of DPSCs aging. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2195. [PMID: 30778087 PMCID: PMC6379364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue resident adult stem cells are known to participate in tissue regeneration and repair that follows cell turnover, or injury. It has been well established that aging impedes the regeneration capabilities at the cellular level, but it is not clear if the different onset of stem cell aging between individuals can be predicted or prevented at an earlier stage. Here we studied the dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), a population of adult stem cells that is known to participate in the repair of an injured tooth, and its properties can be affected by aging. The dental pulp from third molars of a diverse patient group were surgically extracted, generating cells that had a high percentage of mesenchymal stem cell markers CD29, CD44, CD146 and Stro1 and had the ability to differentiate into osteo/odontogenic and adipogenic lineages. Through RNA seq and qPCR analysis we identified homeobox protein, Barx1, as a marker for DPSCs. Furthermore, using high throughput transcriptomic and proteomic analysis we identified markers for DPSC populations with accelerated replicative senescence. In particular, we show that the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway and the cytoskeletal proteins are upregulated in rapid aging DPSCs, indicating a loss of stem cell characteristics and spontaneous initiation of terminal differentiation. Importantly, using metabolic flux analysis, we identified a metabolic signature for the rapid aging DPSCs, prior to manifestation of senescence phenotypes. This metabolic signature therefore can be used to predict the onset of replicative senescence. Hence, the present study identifies Barx1 as a DPSCs marker and dissects the first predictive metabolic signature for DPSCs aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannie Macrin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603203, India
| | - Ammar Alghadeer
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, College of Dentistry, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan Ting Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jason W Miklas
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Abdiasis M Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Damien Detraux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Aaron M Robitaille
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Anup Madan
- Covance Genomics Laboratory, Redmond, WA, 98052, USA
| | - Randall T Moon
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Arikketh Devi
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603203, India
| | - Julie Mathieu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Hannele Ruohola-Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA. .,Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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20
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Gao XH, Zhang SS, Chen H, Wang K, Xie W, Wang FB. Lipoprotein (a): a promising prognostic biomarker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:5917-5924. [PMID: 30271176 PMCID: PMC6149830 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s164273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore serum lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) levels and investigate their prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after curative resection. Materials and methods One cohort of 102 healthy individuals, one cohort of 172 HCC patients, and one cohort of 171 HCC patients undergoing curative resection were studied to evaluate serum Lp(a) levels and their prognostic significance, using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. Results The Lp(a) levels in HCC patients were significantly lower than those in healthy individuals. Furthermore, the levels in HCC patients were significantly associated with recurrence. HCC patients were stratified into high Lp(a) (>20 mg/L) and low Lp(a) (≤20 mg/L) groups, using an optimal cutoff point for the Lp(a) of 20 mg/L. Low Lp(a) levels significantly correlated with tumor recurrence and survival time; HCC patients with low Lp(a) levels had higher recurrence rates and shorter survival time than those with high Lp(a) levels; Lp(a) was an independent prognostic factor for relapse-free survival and overall survival, and retained its prognostic value for α-fetoprotein ≤400 ng/mL and tumor size ≤5 cm subgroups in the training and validation cohorts. Conclusion Lp(a) was a promising and useful marker for assessing and monitoring recurrence and prognosis of patients with HCC, and improving Lp(a) levels may be a promising therapeutic strategy in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hui Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Shuang-Shuang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai 200443, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Fu-Bing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China, ;
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Min J, Feng Q, Liao W, Liang Y, Gong C, Li E, He W, Yuan R, Wu L. IFITM3 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma invasion and metastasis by regulating MMP9 through p38/MAPK signaling. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:1299-1311. [PMID: 30087833 PMCID: PMC6070650 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) has been shown to be overexpressed in multiple cancers. However, the role of IFITM3 in metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still poorly understood. In this study, we showed that IFITM3 was frequently overexpressed in HCC tissues compared with adjacent nontumor tissues. Overexpression of IFITM3 was significantly correlated with tumor metastasis and poor prognosis in HCC. Knockdown of IFITM3 dramatically decreased MMP9 expression and inhibited the invasion and metastasis of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the upregulation of MMP9 rescued the decreased migration and invasion induced by the knockdown of IFITM3, whereas the knockdown of MMP9 decreased IFITM3-enhanced HCC migration and invasion. Mechanistically, we found that IFITM3 regulates MMP9 expression through the p38/MAPK pathway. Taken together, we identified a novel IFITM3-p38/MAPK-MMP9 regulatory circuitry, the dysfunction of which drives invasive and metastatic character in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Min
- Department of General Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityChina
| | - Qian Feng
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicinethe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityChina
| | - Wenjun Liao
- Department of General Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityChina
| | - Yiming Liang
- Department of General Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityChina
| | - Chengwu Gong
- Department of General Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityChina
| | - Enliang Li
- Department of General Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityChina
| | - Wenfeng He
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Rongfa Yuan
- Department of General Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityChina
| | - Linquan Wu
- Department of General Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityChina
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22
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Gastrointestinal stromal tumor enhancers support a transcription factor network predictive of clinical outcome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E5746-E5755. [PMID: 29866822 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802079115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in the KIT or PDGFRA receptor tyrosine kinases are hallmarks of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). The biological underpinnings of recurrence following resection or disease progression beyond kinase mutation are poorly understood. Utilizing chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing of tumor samples and cell lines, we describe the enhancer landscape of GIST, highlighting genes that reinforce and extend our understanding of these neoplasms. A group of core transcription factors can be distinguished from others unique to localized and metastatic disease. The transcription factor HAND1 emerges in metastatic disease, binds to established GIST-associated enhancers, and facilitates GIST cell proliferation and KIT gene expression. The pattern of transcription factor expression in primary tumors is predictive of metastasis-free survival in GIST patients. These results provide insight into the enhancer landscape and transcription factor network underlying GIST, and define a unique strategy for predicting clinical behavior of this disease.
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23
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Lei Z, Chai N, Tian M, Zhang Y, Wang G, Liu J, Tian Z, Yi X, Chen D, Li X, Yu P, Hu H, Xu B, Jian C, Bian Z, Guo H, Wang J, Peng S, Nie Y, Huang N, Hu S, Wu K. Novel peptide GX1 inhibits angiogenesis by specifically binding to transglutaminase-2 in the tumorous endothelial cells of gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:579. [PMID: 29785022 PMCID: PMC5962530 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The clinical application of GX1, an optimal gastric cancer (GC) targeting peptide, is greatly limited because its receptor in the GC vasculature is unknown. In this study, we screened the candidate receptor of GX1, transglutaminase-2(TGM2), by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) combined with mass spectrometry. We found that TGM2 was up-regulated in GC vascular endothelial cells and that GX1 receptor expression was suppressed correspondingly after TGM2 downregulation. A highly consistent co-localization of GX1 receptor and TGM2 was detected at both the cellular and tissue levels. High TGM2 expression was evident in GC tissues from patients with poor prognosis. After TGM2 downregulation, the GX1-mediated inhibition of proliferation and migration and the induction of the apoptosis of GC vascular endothelial cells were weakened or even reversed. Finally, we observed that GX1 could inhibit the GTP-binding activity of TGM2 by reducing its intracellular distribution and downregulating its downstream molecular targets (nuclear factor-kappa B, NF-κB; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α, HIF1α) in GC vascular endothelial cells. Our study confirms that peptide GX1 can inhibit angiogenesis by directly binding to TGM2, subsequently reducing the GTP-binding activity of TGM2 and thereby suppressing its downstream pathway(NF-κB/HIF1α). Our conclusions suggest that GX1/TGM2 may provide a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Lei
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Chai
- Department of Radiology, Xjing Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Xjing Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuhong Tian
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Yi
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Chen
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Hu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Xu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Jian
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyuan Bian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xjing Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xjing Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiming Peng
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Niu Huang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sijun Hu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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