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Li Z, Yu H, Hussain SA, Yang R. Anticancer activity of Araguspongine C via inducing apoptosis, and inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and EGFR-TK in human lung cancer cells: An in vitro and in vivo study. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23763. [PMID: 38984790 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that harbors epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations has put a selective pressure on the discovery and development of newer EGFR inhibitors. Therefore, the present study intends to explore the pharmacological effect of Araguspongine C (Aragus-C) as anticancer agent against lung cancer. The effect of Aragus-C was evaluated on the viability of the A549 and H1975 cells. Further biochemical assays were performed to elaborate the effect of Aragus-C, on the apoptosis, cell-cycle analysis, and mitochondrial membrane potential in A549 cells. Western blot analysis was also conducted to determine the expression of EGFR in A549 cells. Tumor xenograft mice model from A549 cells was established to further elaborate the pharmacological activity of Aragus-C. Results suggest that Aragus C showed significant inhibitory activity against A549 cells as compared to H1975 cells. It has been found that Aragus-C causes the induction of apoptosis and promotes cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M phase of A549 cells. It also showed a reduction in the overexpression of EGFR in A549 cells. In tumor xenograft mice model, it showed a significant reduction of tumor volume in a dose-dependent manner, with maximum inhibitory activity was reported by the 8 mg/kg treated group. It also showed significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity by reducing the level of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MDA, with a simultaneous increase of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. We have demonstrated the potent anti-lung cancer activity of Aragus-C, and it may be considered as a potential therapeutic choice for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Yan'an People's Hospital, Yan'an, China
| | - Hongjiang Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongliao City Hospital, Tongliao, China
| | - Shaik Althaf Hussain
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yan'an People's Hospital, Yan'an, China
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2
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Salmani-Javan E, Farhoudi Sefidan Jadid M, Zarghami N. Recent advances in molecular targeted therapy of lung cancer: Possible application in translation medicine. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:122-133. [PMID: 38234663 PMCID: PMC10790298 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.72407.15749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death among all cancer deaths. This cancer is classified into two different histological subtypes: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is the most common subtype, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which is the most aggressive subtype. Understanding the molecular characteristics of lung cancer has expanded our knowledge of the cellular origins and molecular pathways affected by each of these subtypes and has contributed to the development of new therapies. Traditional treatments for lung cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Advances in understanding the nature and specificity of lung cancer have led to the development of immunotherapy, which is the newest and most specialized treatment in the treatment of lung cancer. Each of these treatments has advantages and disadvantages and causes side effects. Today, combination therapy for lung cancer reduces side effects and increases the speed of recovery. Despite the significant progress that has been made in the treatment of lung cancer in the last decade, further research into new drugs and combination therapies is needed to extend the clinical benefits and improve outcomes in lung cancer. In this review article, we discussed common lung cancer treatments and their combinations from the most advanced to the newest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Salmani-Javan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farhoudi Sefidan Jadid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Sentana-Lledo D, Academia E, Viray H, Rangachari D, Kobayashi SS, VanderLaan PA, Costa DB. EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations and ERBB2 mutations in lung cancer: a narrative review on approved targeted therapies from oral kinase inhibitors to antibody-drug conjugates. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:1590-1610. [PMID: 37577308 PMCID: PMC10413034 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective This review will provide an overview of EGFR and ERBB2 mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a focus on recent clinical approvals. Methods We obtained data from the literature in accordance with narrative review reporting guidelines. Key Content and Findings EGFR mutations are present in up to 15-20% of all NSCLCs; amongst these, 10% correspond to kinase domain insertions in exon 20. Structurally similar, ERBB2 (HER2) mutations occurs in 1-4% of NSCLCs, mostly consisting of insertions or point mutations. The majority of EGFR exon 20 insertions occur within the loop following the regulatory C-helix and activate the kinase domain of EGFR without generating a therapeutic window to gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, dacomitinib or osimertinib. Mobocertinib represents a novel class of covalent EGFR inhibitors with a modest therapeutic window to these mutants and induces anti-tumor responses in a portion of patients [at 160 mg/day: response rate of <30% with duration of response (DoR) >17 months and progression-free survival (PFS) of >7 months] albeit with mucocutaneous and gastrointestinal toxicities. The bi-specific EGFR-MET antibody amivantamab-vmjw has modest but broad preclinical activity in EGFR-driven cancers and specifically for EGFR exon 20 insertion-mutated NSCLC has response rates <40% and PFS of <8.5 months at the cost of both infusion-related plus on-target toxicities. Both drugs were approved in 2021. The clinical development of kinase inhibitors for ERBB2-mutated NSCLC has been thwarted by mucocutaneous/gastrointestinal toxicities that preclude a pathway for drug approval, as the case of poziotinib. However, the activation of ERBB2 has allowed for repurposing of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that target ERBB2 with cytotoxic payloads. The FDA approved fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki in 2022 for NSCLC based on response rate of >55%, DoR >9 months, PFS >8 months and manageable adverse events (including cytopenias, nausea and less commonly pneumonitis). Other therapies in clinical development include sunvozertinib and zipalertinib, among others. In addition, traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy has some activity in these tumors. Conclusions The approvals of mobocertinib, amivantamab, and trastuzumab deruxtecan represent the first examples of precision oncology for EGFR exon 20 insertion-mutated and ERBB2-mutated NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sentana-Lledo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emmeline Academia
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hollis Viray
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deepa Rangachari
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susumu S. Kobayashi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul A. VanderLaan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel B. Costa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Mendes C, Lemos I, Francisco I, Almodôvar T, Cunha F, Albuquerque C, Gonçalves LG, Serpa J. NSCLC presents metabolic heterogeneity, and there is still some leeway for EGF stimuli in EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Lung Cancer 2023; 182:107283. [PMID: 37379672 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic remodeling is crucial in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Oncogenic mutations may promote metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells to support their energy and biomass requirements. EGFR mutations are commonly found in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and may induce NSCLC metabolic rewiring. Whether EGFR-driven metabolic reprogramming triggers cell vulnerabilities with therapeutic potential remains unknown. METHODS The role of EGFR signaling activation by EGF was investigated using NSCLC cell lines with different EGFR and KRAS status: A549 (EGFR WT and KRAS c.34G > A), H292 (EGFR WT and KRAS WT) and PC-9 (EGFR exon 19 E746-A750 deletion and KRAS WT). The effect of EGF on NSCLC cell death and cell cycle was evaluated using flow cytometry, and cell migration was assessed through wound healing. EGFR, HER2, MCT1, and MCT4 expression was analyzed through immunofluorescence or western blotting. We explored the impact of glucose and lactate bioavailability on NSCLC cells' metabolic profile using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Moreover, the expression of several relevant metabolic genes in NSCLC cells or patient samples was determined by RT-qPCR. RESULTS We showed that cell lines presented different metabolic profiles, and PC-9 cells were the most responsive to EGF stimulus, as they showed higher rates of cell proliferation and migration, together with altered metabolic behavior. By inhibiting EGFR with gefitinib, a decrease in glucose consumption was observed, which may be related to the fact that despite PC-9 harbor EGFR mutation, they still express the EGFR WT allele. The analysis of NSCLC patients' RNA showed a correlation between MCT1/MCT4 and GLUT1 expression in most cases, indicating that the metabolic information can serve as a reference in patients' follow-up. CONCLUSION Together, this study shows that NSCLC cell lines have heterogeneous metabolic profiles, which may be underlaid by different genetic profiles, revealing an opportunity to identify and stratify patients who can benefit from metabolism-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Mendes
- NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Lemos
- NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Francisco
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Almodôvar
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernando Cunha
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Albuquerque
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís G Gonçalves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB Nova), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
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5
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Sagan OA, Rothstein A, Jambunathan B, Hadziahmetovic M, Antoniolli A, Rashid MH. Case report: Neuroendocrine breast carcinoma with a germline EGFR T790M mutation. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1176868. [PMID: 37265791 PMCID: PMC10230275 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1176868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) p.Thr790Met (T790M) mutation was discovered as a resistance mechanism in patients with lung cancer treated with first- and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Further studies revealed the EGFR T790M mutation in treatment-naive non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and as a rare germline mutation strongly associated with NSCLC. Somatic EGFR T790M mutations have been reported in a limited population of patients with triple-negative breast cancer. There are no previous reports of a germline EGFR T790M mutation found in a patient with breast cancer. Case presentation We present a rare case of a 42-year-old woman with a rapidly progressing 8 cm mass in the right lateral breast. An additional right breast mass with multiple lymph nodes characteristic or suspicious of metastasis was found. Ultrasound-guided biopsy showed high-grade, poorly differentiated invasive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the right breast and metastatic carcinoma of a right axillary lymph node. Genetic testing revealed a germline EGFR T790M mutation. The patient underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, right mastectomy with lymph node dissection, adjuvant radiation to the right chest wall and axilla, and adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusion This is the first reported case of a patient with high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma, triple-negative breast cancer and a germline EGFR T790M mutation. Further investigation is needed to find a possible correlation between the cancer in this patient and her mutation. Since there are no current guidelines, further research is also needed to define screening protocols for patients with germline EGFR T790M mutations. Additional treatment options and cancer risk could also be found with further research, which would benefit all patients with a germline EGFR T790M mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A. Sagan
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Anna Rothstein
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | | | - Mersiha Hadziahmetovic
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | | | - M. Hammad Rashid
- University of Toledo Medical Center – Dana Cancer Center, Toledo, OH, United States
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6
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Alam M, Hasan GM, Eldin SM, Adnan M, Riaz MB, Islam A, Khan I, Hassan MI. Investigating regulated signaling pathways in therapeutic targeting of non-small cell lung carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114452. [PMID: 36878052 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most common malignancy worldwide. The signaling cascades are stimulated via genetic modifications in upstream signaling molecules, which affect apoptotic, proliferative, and differentiation pathways. Dysregulation of these signaling cascades causes cancer-initiating cell proliferation, cancer development, and drug resistance. Numerous efforts in the treatment of NSCLC have been undertaken in the past few decades, enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms of cancer development and moving forward to develop effective therapeutic approaches. Modifications of transcription factors and connected pathways are utilized to develop new treatment options for NSCLC. Developing designed inhibitors targeting specific cellular signaling pathways in tumor progression has been recommended for the therapeutic management of NSCLC. This comprehensive review provided deeper mechanistic insights into the molecular mechanism of action of various signaling molecules and their targeting in the clinical management of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed M Eldin
- Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Bilal Riaz
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdnask, Poland; Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ilyas Khan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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7
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Integrated Tissue and Blood miRNA Expression Profiles Identify Novel Biomarkers for Accurate Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Breast Cancer: Preliminary Results and Future Clinical Implications. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13111931. [DOI: 10.3390/genes13111931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify miRNAs that were closely related to breast cancer (BRCA). By integrating several methods including significance analysis of microarrays, fold change, Pearson’s correlation analysis, t test, and receiver operating characteristic analysis, we developed a decision-tree-based scoring algorithm, called Optimized Scoring Mechanism for Primary Synergy MicroRNAs (O-PSM). Five synergy miRNAs (hsa-miR-139-5p, hsa-miR-331-3p, hsa-miR-342-5p, hsa-miR-486-5p, and hsa-miR-654-3p) were identified using O-PSM, which were used to distinguish normal samples from pathological ones, and showed good results in blood data and in multiple sets of tissue data. These five miRNAs showed accurate categorization efficiency in BRCA typing and staging and had better categorization efficiency than experimentally verified miRNAs. In the Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network, the target genes of hsa-miR-342-5p have the most regulatory relationships, which regulate carcinogenesis proliferation and metastasis by regulating Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis and the Rap1 signaling pathway. Moreover, hsa-miR-342-5p showed potential clinical application in survival analysis. We also used O-PSM to generate an R package uploaded on github (SuFei-lab/OPSM accessed on 22 October 2021). We believe that miRNAs included in O-PSM could have clinical implications for diagnosis, prognostic stratification and treatment of BRCA, proposing potential significant biomarkers that could be utilized to design personalized treatment plans in BRCA patients in the future.
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8
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Zhang L, Yang L, Sun B, Deng Y, Yang J, Wu D, Kong F. Case Report: Afatinib Sensitivity in Rare EGFR E746_L747delinsIP Mutated LUAD With Peritoneal Metastases. Front Oncol 2022; 12:861271. [PMID: 35712479 PMCID: PMC9194509 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.861271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with non-small cell lung cancer harboring the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-sensitive mutations are known to benefit significantly from EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as erlotinib, gefitinib, icotinib, or afatinib. However, the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs against rare mutations has not yet been well investigated. Here, we report a female patient with advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), carrying a rare mutation of EGFR Exon19 E746_L747delinsIP, who was administered first-generation EGFR-TKIs as the first-line treatment. The patient continued to progress slowly until peritoneal metastases have occurred. Subsequently, the patient was treated with anlotinib for 5 months until disease progression. Given the finding of the same EGFR rare mutation in peritoneal effusion without other EGFR-TKI resistance mutations, the patient received afatinib with a tremendous response. Our results may be of clinical relevance for patients with LUAD carrying this rare mutation, and these findings warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Yang
- The Genetic Analysis Department, YuceBio Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Binxu Sun
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yixiao Deng
- The Genetic Analysis Department, YuceBio Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Yang
- The Genetic Analysis Department, YuceBio Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongfang Wu
- The Genetic Analysis Department, YuceBio Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Fanming Kong
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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9
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Alam M, Alam S, Shamsi A, Adnan M, Elasbali AM, Al-Soud WA, Alreshidi M, Hawsawi YM, Tippana A, Pasupuleti VR, Hassan MI. Bax/Bcl-2 Cascade Is Regulated by the EGFR Pathway: Therapeutic Targeting of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:869672. [PMID: 35402265 PMCID: PMC8990771 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.869672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) comprises 80%-85% of lung cancer cases. EGFR is involved in several cancer developments, including NSCLC. The EGFR pathway regulates the Bax/Bcl-2 cascade in NSCLC. Increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of fundamental tumor progression has guided the development of numerous antitumor drugs. The development and improvement of rationally planned inhibitors and agents targeting particular cellular and biological pathways in cancer have been signified as a most important paradigm shift in the strategy to treat and manage lung cancer. Newer approaches and novel chemotherapeutic agents are required to accompany present cancer therapies for improving efficiency. Using natural products as a drug with an effective delivery system may benefit therapeutics. Naturally originated compounds such as phytochemicals provide crucial sources for novel agents/drugs and resources for tumor therapy. Applying the small-molecule inhibitors (SMIs)/phytochemicals has led to potent preclinical discoveries in various human tumor preclinical models, including lung cancer. In this review, we summarize recent information on the molecular mechanisms of the Bax/Bcl-2 cascade and EGFR pathway in NSCLC and target them for therapeutic implications. We further described the therapeutic potential of Bax/Bcl-2/EGFR SMIs, mainly those with more potent and selectivity, including gefitinib, EGCG, ABT-737, thymoquinone, quercetin, and venetoclax. In addition, we explained the targeting EGFR pathway and ongoing in vitro and in vivo and clinical investigations in NSCLC. Exploration of such inhibitors facilitates the future treatment and management of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, India
| | - Shoaib Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, India
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Sciences-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Abu Al-Soud
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.,Health Sciences Research Unit, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa Alreshidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.,Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anitha Tippana
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, India
| | - Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abdurrab University, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.,Centre for International Collaboration and Research, Reva University, Rukmini Knowledge Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, India
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10
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EGFR and COX-2 Dual Inhibitor: The Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Chalcones. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041158. [PMID: 35208952 PMCID: PMC8876975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For most researchers, discovering new anticancer drugs to avoid the adverse effects of current ones, to improve therapeutic benefits and to reduce resistance is essential. Because the COX-2 enzyme plays an important role in various types of cancer leading to malignancy enhancement, inhibition of apoptosis, and tumor-cell metastasis, an indispensable objective is to design new scaffolds or drugs that possess combined action or dual effect, such as kinase and COX-2 inhibition. The start compounds A1 to A6 were prepared through the diazo coupling of 3-aminoacetophenone with a corresponding phenol and then condensed with two new chalcone series, C7–18. The newly synthesized compounds were assessed against both COX-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) for their inhibitory effect. All novel compounds were screened for cytotoxicity against five cancer cell lines. Compounds C9 and G10 exhibited potent EGFR inhibition with IC50 values of 0.8 and 1.1 µM, respectively. Additionally, they also displayed great COX-2 inhibition with IC50 values of 1.27 and 1.88 µM, respectively. Furthermore, the target compounds were assessed for their cytotoxicity against pancreatic ductal cancer (Panc-1), lung cancer (H-460), human colon cancer (HT-29), human malignant melanoma (A375) and pancreatic cancer (PaCa-2) cell lines. Interestingly, compounds C10 and G12 exhibited the strongest cytotoxic effect against PaCa-2 with average IC50 values of 0.9 and 0.8 µM, respectively. To understand the possible binding modes of the compounds under investigation with the receptor cites of EGFR and COX-2, a virtual docking study was conducted.
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11
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Wang J, Zhou T, Liu Y, Chen S, Yu Z. Application of Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Lung Cancer With Emphasis on Receptors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:781425. [PMID: 35082668 PMCID: PMC8785094 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.781425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors that has seen the most rapid growth in terms of morbidity and mortality in recent years, posing the biggest threat to people’s health and lives. In recent years, the nano-drug loading system has made significant progress in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer. Nanomaterials are used to specifically target tumor tissue to minimize therapeutic adverse effects and increase bioavailability. It is achieved primarily through two mechanisms: passive targeting, which entails the use of enhanced penetration and retention (EPR) effect, and active targeting, which entails the loading recognition ligands for tumor marker molecules onto nanomaterials. However, it has been demonstrated that the EPR effect is effective in rodents but not in humans. Taking this into consideration, researchers paid significant attention to the active targeting nano-drug loading system. Additionally, it has been demonstrated to have a higher affinity and specificity for tumor cells. In this review, it describes the development of research into active targeted nano-drug delivery systems for lung cancer treatment from the receptors’ or targets’ perspective. We anticipate that this study will help biomedical researchers use nanoparticles (NPs) to treat lung cancer by providing more and novel drug delivery strategies or solid ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuangmin Chen
- Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenxiang Yu
- Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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12
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Cardona AF, Ordóñez-Reyes C, Ruiz-Patiño A, Garcia-Robledo JE, Barron LZ, Recondo G, Rojas L, Corrales L, Martín C, Barrón F, Sotelo C, Rodríguez J, Ricaurte L, Rolfo C, Ávila J, Mayorga D, Archila P, Otero J, Mas L, Bermudez M, Gamez T, Carranza H, Vargas C, Rosell R, Arrieta O. EGFR Inhibitors Plus Bevacizumab are Superior Than EGFR Inhibitors Alone as First-Line Setting in Advanced NSCLC With EGFR Mutations and BIM Deletion Polymorphisms (BIM-CLICaP). JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:839-848. [DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE BIM activation is essential for epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)–triggered apoptosis in EGFR-mutant non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A deletion in the intron two of the BIM gene results in generation of alternatively spliced isoforms that impairs their apoptotic response to TKIs, conferring the NSCLC cells intrinsic resistance to these medications. Patients with both alterations have poor clinical evolution. The current study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy and tolerability of EGFR-TKIs plus bevacizumab (Bev) versus EGFR-TKIs alone as first-line treatment in advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations and BIM deletions ( BIMdel). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted. BIMdel was detected using polymerase chain reaction analysis and direct sequencing of DNA. BIM protein expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry, and BIM mRNA levels by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Clinical characteristics, overall survival, progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), and treatment-related adverse events were compared between both groups. RESULTS Thirty-three patients were included; 15 received EGFR-TKIs, and 18 received EGFR-TKIs plus Bev. The median age was 63 years, with a majority of recruited female patients. All included individuals had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score of 2 or less. The addition of Bev resulted in a significantly higher ORR (94.4% v 40%, P > .001). Median PFS was longer with the use of the combination therapy (11.12 v 7.87 months; P = .001). Median overall survival tended to be longer in the EGFR-TKIs plus Bev (30.9 v 25.4 months; P = .06) but failed to reach statistical significance. Response in terms of both partial and complete as well as overall favorably affected PFS. CONCLUSION EGFR-TKIs plus Bev conferred a significantly higher ORR and PFS in advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation and BIMdel. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F. Cardona
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G/ONCOLGroup), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camila Ordóñez-Reyes
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G/ONCOLGroup), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Patiño
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G/ONCOLGroup), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Recondo
- Thoracic Oncology Section, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas—CEMIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Rojas
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G/ONCOLGroup), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
- Clinical Oncology Department, Clínica Colsanitas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Corrales
- Oncology Unit, Hospital San Juan de Dios/Centro de Investigación y Manejo del Cáncer (CIMCA), San José, Costa Rica
| | - Claudio Martín
- Medical Oncology Department, Thoracic Oncology Section, Instituto Fleming, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Feliciano Barrón
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City, México
| | - Carolina Sotelo
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G/ONCOLGroup), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - July Rodríguez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G/ONCOLGroup), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luisa Ricaurte
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G/ONCOLGroup), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
- Pathology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jenny Ávila
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana Mayorga
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pilar Archila
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G/ONCOLGroup), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Otero
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G/ONCOLGroup), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Mas
- Thoracic Oncology Department, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas—INEN, Lima, Perú
| | - Maritza Bermudez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G/ONCOLGroup), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Tatiana Gamez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G/ONCOLGroup), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hernán Carranza
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G/ONCOLGroup), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Vargas
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G/ONCOLGroup), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City, México
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Musashi-2 (MSI2) regulates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and response to EGFR inhibitors in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Oncogenesis 2021; 10:29. [PMID: 33723247 PMCID: PMC7961039 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has limited treatment options. Expression of the RNA-binding protein (RBP) Musashi-2 (MSI2) is elevated in a subset of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors upon progression, and drives NSCLC metastasis. We evaluated the mechanism of MSI2 action in NSCLC to gain therapeutically useful insights. Reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analysis of MSI2-depleted versus control KrasLA1/+; Trp53R172HΔG/+ NSCLC cell lines identified EGFR as a MSI2-regulated protein. MSI2 control of EGFR expression and activity in an NSCLC cell line panel was studied using RT-PCR, Western blots, and RNA immunoprecipitation. Functional consequences of MSI2 depletion were explored for cell growth and response to EGFR-targeting drugs, in vitro and in vivo. Expression relationships were validated using human tissue microarrays. MSI2 depletion significantly reduced EGFR protein expression, phosphorylation, or both. Comparison of protein and mRNA expression indicated a post-transcriptional activity of MSI2 in control of steady state levels of EGFR. RNA immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that MSI2 directly binds to EGFR mRNA, and sequence analysis predicted MSI2 binding sites in the murine and human EGFR mRNAs. MSI2 depletion selectively impaired cell proliferation in NSCLC cell lines with activating mutations of EGFR (EGFRmut). Further, depletion of MSI2 in combination with EGFR inhibitors such as erlotinib, afatinib, and osimertinib selectively reduced the growth of EGFRmut NSCLC cells and xenografts. EGFR and MSI2 were significantly co-expressed in EGFRmut human NSCLCs. These results define MSI2 as a direct regulator of EGFR protein expression, and suggest inhibition of MSI2 could be of clinical value in EGFRmut NSCLC.
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14
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Uncovering the Anti-Lung-Cancer Mechanisms of the Herbal Drug FDY2004 by Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6644018. [PMID: 33628308 PMCID: PMC7886515 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6644018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With growing evidence on the therapeutic efficacy and safety of herbal drugs, there has been a substantial increase in their application in the lung cancer treatment. Meanwhile, their action mechanisms at the system level have not been comprehensively uncovered. To this end, we employed a network pharmacology methodology to elucidate the systematic action mechanisms of FDY2004, an anticancer herbal drug composed of Moutan Radicis Cortex, Persicae Semen, and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, in lung cancer treatment. By evaluating the pharmacokinetic properties of the chemical compounds present in FDY2004 using herbal medicine-associated databases, we identified its 29 active chemical components interacting with 141 lung cancer-associated therapeutic targets in humans. The functional enrichment analysis of the lung cancer-related targets of FDY2004 revealed the enriched Gene Ontology terms, involving the regulation of cell proliferation and growth, cell survival and death, and oxidative stress responses. Moreover, we identified key FDY2004-targeted oncogenic and tumor-suppressive pathways associated with lung cancer, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, tumor necrosis factor, Ras, focal adhesion, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathways. Overall, our study provides novel evidence and basis for research on the comprehensive anticancer mechanisms of herbal medicines in lung cancer treatment.
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15
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Cholesterol-lowering drug pitavastatin targets lung cancer and angiogenesis via suppressing prenylation-dependent Ras/Raf/MEK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 31:377-384. [PMID: 32011362 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic agents that target both tumor cell and vascular endothelial cell may achieve additional anti-tumor efficacy, particularly in lung cancer due to the critical roles of angiogenesis during lung cancer progression and metastasis. In this work, we showed that pitavastatin, a novel cholesterol-lowering drug, potently inhibited lung cancer cells and angiogenesis. This was achieved by the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation of lung cancer cells and human lung tumor-associated endothelial cell. Pitavastatin was not only effective to chemo-sensitive but also chemo-resistant lung cancer cells. This was also consistent with the finding that pitavastatin significantly enhanced cisplatin's efficacy in lung cancer xenograft model without causing toxicity in mice. We further showed that pitavastatin inhibited lung tumor angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo through suppressing human lung tumor-associated endothelial cell migration and morphogenesis without affecting adhesion. Mechanistically, we showed that pitavastatin acted on lung cancer cells and human lung tumor-associated endothelial cell through suppressing prenylation-dependent Ras/Raf/MEK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Our work is the first to demonstrate the inhibitory effects of pitavastatin on Ras-mediated signaling. Our findings provide pre-clinical evidence to repurpose pitavastatin for the treatment of lung cancer.
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16
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Inhibition of eIF4E signaling by ribavirin selectively targets lung cancer and angiogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:519-525. [PMID: 32736668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the introduction of immune- and targeted-therapy has improved the clinical response and outcomes, lung cancer remains a therapeutic challenge. Developing new therapeutics is necessary to improve the treatment of lung cancer. Here, we show that ribavirin, a clinically available anti-viral drug, is an attractive candidate for lung cancer treatment. We show that ribavirin is active against a panel of lung cancer cell lines regardless of molecular and cellular heterogeneity. Notably, the effective concentrations of ribavirin are clinically achievable, display minimal toxicity to normal cells and synergistic effect with paclitaxel. Its potent efficacy and synergism with chemotherapy on cancer cell, and minimal toxicity on normal cells are observed in lung xenograft mouse model. Ribavirin is also an angiogenesis inhibitor as it inhibits capillary network formation, growth and survival of human lung tumor-associated endothelial cell (HLT-EC). The mechanism studies demonstrate that ribavirin acts on lung cancer cells via suppressing eIF4E and mTOR signaling, leading to the subsequent inhibition of eIF4E-mediated protein translation. Our work suggests that ribavirin has advantage than many anti-cancer agents by targeting both tumor cells and angiogenesis. Our work also highlights the therapeutic potential of ribavirin for the treatment of lung cancer.
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17
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Kang DH, Jung SS, Yeo MK, Lee DH, Yoo G, Cho SY, Oh IJ, Kim JO, Park HS, Chung C, Lee JE. Suppression of Mig-6 overcomes the acquired EGFR-TKI resistance of lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:571. [PMID: 32552717 PMCID: PMC7302243 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The resistance of lung cancer to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) is one of the unconquered frontiers in chemotherapy. Mitogen-inducible gene 6 (Mig-6) is known to inhibit the kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Similarly, numerous studies of mouse models suggested tumor suppressive function of Mig-6 in lung cancer. On the contrary, the results of clinical investigations revealed that lung cancer patients with elevated expression of Mig-6 are associated with a poor prognosis. More recent work showed that unlike wild type (WT) EGFR, mutant EGFR phosphorylates Mig-6 and phosphorylated Mig-6 negatively regulates the degradation of EGFR mutants in lung adenocarcinoma. Here, we tried to untangle the controversies surrounding Mig-6 function as a protagonist or an antagonist of EGFR-TKI resistant lung cancer. Methods We compared the expression and phosphorylation status of Mig-6 in the EGFR-TKI resistant lung adenocarcinoma (PC9/GR cells) to EGFR-TKI sensitive lung adenocarcinoma (PC9 cells). We investigated the function of Mig-6 by either depletion or overexpression of Mig-6 in those cells and evaluated the efficacy of combining of Mig-6 knock-down and EGFR-TKI treatment in PC9/GR. The correlation between Mig-6 expressions and the prognoses of lung adenocarcinoma was examined by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data and clinical samples. Results Our results indicated that the expression of Mig-6 was significantly increased in PC9/GR cells compared to that of PC9 cells. The significant portion of Mig-6 existed as a phosphorylated form in PC9 and PC9/GR cells. Moreover, overexpression of Mig-6 significantly increased the cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PC9 cells. Combination of Mig-6 knock-down and EGFR-TKI treatment significantly overcame the EGFR-TKI resistance of PC9/GR cells. In addition, our analyses of clinical samples confirmed that high Mig-6 expressions positively correlate with a poor prognosis and EGFR-TKI resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. Conclusion Our findings reinforce scientific notion of Mig-6 as an oncoprotein in the context of EGFR-TKI resistant lung adenocarcinoma. We propose that targeting Mig-6 may be a promising strategy to overcome the EGFR-TKI resistance in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hyun Kang
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Jung
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Yeo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye Lee
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Yoo
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeon Cho
- Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jae Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 322 Seoyangro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Ock Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sun Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeuk Chung
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Eun Lee
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
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Kim DM, Kim MJ, Moon JH, Lee EY, Hong JK, Lee S, Koh DI, Ryu YS, Kim SM, Jung SA, Shin JS, Kim J, Park YS, Hong SW, Lee SH, Jung J, Park SS, Kim DY, Kim EH, Jeong HR, Gong JH, Kim J, Chan Kim S, Yu HN, Ki SY, Kim TW, Jin DH. Inhibition of JAK1/2 can overcome EGFR-TKI resistance in human NSCLC. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:305-310. [PMID: 32446385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cancer in the world. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene is mutated in approximately 10% of lung cancer cases in the US and 50% of lung cancer in Asia. The representative target therapeutic agent, erlotinib (EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor; EGFR TKI), is effective in inactivating EGFR in lung cancer patients. However, approximately 50-60% of patients are resistant to EGFR TKI. These populations are associated with the EGFR mutation. To overcome resistance to EGFR TKI, we discovered a JAK1 inhibitor, CJ14939. We investigated the efficacy of CJ14939 in human NSCLC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that CJ14939 induced the inhibition of cell growth. Moreover, we demonstrated that combination treatment with erlotinib and CJ14939 induced cell death in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. In addition, we confirmed the suppression of phosphorylated EGFR, JAK1, and Stat3 expression in erlotinib and CJ14939-treated human NSCLC cell lines. Our results provide evidence that JAK inhibition overcomes resistance to EGFR TKI in human NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Min Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic Korea
| | - Mi Jin Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic Korea
| | - Jai-Hee Moon
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ki Hong
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-In Koh
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yae Seong Ryu
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Mi Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-A Jung
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sik Shin
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sun Park
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Hong
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonyee Jung
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Park
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ho Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Rae Jeong
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hee Gong
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Chan Kim
- CJ HealthCare R&D Center, Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Na Yu
- CJ HealthCare R&D Center, Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Ki
- CJ HealthCare R&D Center, Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Won Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic Korea.
| | - Dong-Hoon Jin
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic Korea.
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Bao SM, Hu QH, Yang WT, Wang Y, Tong YP, Bao WD. Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Non-Small-Cell-Lung Cancer: Current State and Future Perspective. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:984-991. [PMID: 30868964 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190313161009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, the most common histological type of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), whose occurrence and development is closely related to the mutation and amplification of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR). Currently , a series of targeted drugs were developed on the inhibition of EGFR such as epidermal growth factor receptortyrosine kinase inhibitor EGFR-TKI and monoclonal antibody (McAb). OBJECTIVE We sought to summarizes the current drugs targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in nonsmall- cell-lung. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive review of the development and application of EGFR-TKI and McAb which targeted EGFR in NSCLC and compared the mechanisms of PROTAC with the traditional inhibitors. RESULTS The drugs targeted EGFR in NSCLC have been widely used in clinic practices. Compared to traditional chemotherapy, these drugs excel with their clear and specific targeting, better curative effects, and less toxic and side effects. However, the mechanism comes with some insurmountable weaknesses like serious toxic and other side effects, as well as proneness to producing drug resistance. CONCLUSION The emerging PROTAC (Proteolysis Targeting Chimera) technology has been successfully applied to selective degradation of multiple protein targets, including EGFR. It also highlights the potential and challenges of PROTAC therapy regarding future combination therapeutic options in NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Ming Bao
- Department of biology, East China University of Technology, 418 Guanglan Road, Nan chang, Jiangxi province 330013, China
| | - Qing-Hui Hu
- Nanchang Five Elements Biology Technology Company Limited, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen-Ting Yang
- Nanchang Five Elements Biology Technology Company Limited, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Nanchang Five Elements Biology Technology Company Limited, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yin-Ping Tong
- Nanchang Five Elements Biology Technology Company Limited, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen-Dai Bao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Videira MA, Llop J, Sousa C, Kreutzer B, Cossío U, Forbes B, Vieira I, Gil N, Silva-Lima B. Pulmonary Administration: Strengthening the Value of Therapeutic Proximity. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:50. [PMID: 32181253 PMCID: PMC7058098 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years inhaled systems have shown momentum as patient-personalized therapies emerge. A significant improvement in terms of therapeutic efficacy and/or reduction adverse systemic effects is anticipated from their use owing these systems regional accumulation. Nevertheless, whatever safety and efficacy evidence required for inhaled formulations regulatory approval, it still poses an additional hurdle to gaining market access. In contrast with the formal intravenous medicines approval, the narrower adoption of pulmonary administration might rely on discrepancies in pre-clinical and clinical data provided by the marketing authorization holder to the regulatory authorities. Evidences of a diverse and inconsistent regulatory framework led to concerns over toxicity issues and respiratory safety. However, an overall trend to support general concepts of good practices exists. Current regulatory guidelines that supports PK/PD (pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamic) assessment seeks attention threatening those inhaled formulations set to be approved in the coming years. A more complex scenario arises from the attempt of implementing nanomedicines for pulmonary administration. Cutting-edge image techniques could play a key role in supporting diverse stages of clinical development facilitating this pharmaceutics take off and speed to patients. The ongoing challenge in adapting conventional regulatory frameworks has proven to be tremendously difficult in an environment where market entry relies on multiple collections of evidence. This paper intention is to remind us that an acceptable pre-clinical toxicological program could emerge from, but not only, an accurate and robust data imaging collection. It is our conviction that if implemented, inhaled nanomedicines might have impact in multiple severe conditions, such as lung cancer, by fulfilling the opportunity for developing tailored treatments while solving dose-related toxicity issues; the most limiting threat in conventional lung cancer clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda A Videira
- Departamento de Farmácia Galénica e de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, iMed.ULisboa-Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jordi Llop
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Carolina Sousa
- Departamento de Farmácia Galénica e de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, iMed.ULisboa-Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruna Kreutzer
- Departamento de Farmácia Galénica e de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, iMed.ULisboa-Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Unai Cossío
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ben Forbes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Vieira
- Departamento de Farmácia Galénica e de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, iMed.ULisboa-Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Gil
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Silva-Lima
- Departamento de Farmácia Galénica e de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, iMed.ULisboa-Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
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Wulandari L, Soegiarto G, Febriani A, Fatmawati F, Sahrun. Comparison of Detection of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EFGR) Gene Mutation in Peripheral Blood Plasma (Liquid Biopsy) with Cytological Specimens in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients. Indian J Surg Oncol 2020; 12:65-71. [PMID: 33994730 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-020-01046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ctDNA plasma testing is one of the methods to examine biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma in order to detect a mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. The advantages of ctDNA testing over tissue biopsy and lung tumor cytology include less invasive, faster result, cheaper, and minimum risk of complication for the patient. We analyzed and compare the detection of EFGR mutation in peripheral blood plasma (liquid biopsy) with cytological specimens of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. We conducted ctDNA plasma testing in 124 lung adenocarcinoma patients who visited our hospital from January to December 2018. The ctDNA testing results were compared with the results of EGFR detection from the previous cytological specimen examination. Most of the patients were males, aged 55-59 years, nonsmokers, and had stage IVA lung adenocarcinoma, with most metastasis found in the pleura. We found a correlation between EGFR prevalence with nonsmoking status and patient's age. The ctDNA plasma testing detected 27.4% common EGFR mutation and 72.6% wild-type EGFR. The figures of EGFR mutation detection from cytological specimens were 47.6% and 52.4%, respectively. Compared to cytological specimens, the EGFR mutation detection in ctDNA had a sensitivity of 48.3%, with a specificity of 90.9%, PPV of 82.35%, NPV of 66.7%, and 70.97% concordance rate. EGFR mutation with cytological specimen examination was more accurate than ctDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laksmi Wulandari
- Thoracic Oncology Division, Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Jl. Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo no. 6-8, Surabaya, 60286 Indonesia
| | - Gatot Soegiarto
- Clinical Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, 60286 Indonesia
| | - Anna Febriani
- Thoracic Oncology Division, Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Jl. Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo no. 6-8, Surabaya, 60286 Indonesia
| | - Farah Fatmawati
- Thoracic Oncology Division, Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Jl. Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo no. 6-8, Surabaya, 60286 Indonesia
| | - Sahrun
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, 60286 Indonesia
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22
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Cryobiopsy increases the EGFR detection rate in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2020; 141:56-63. [PMID: 31955001 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Detection of activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation is crucial for individualized treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However little is known about how biopsy technique affects the detection rate of EGFR mutations. This retrospective, single center study evaluated the detection rate of EGFR mutations in tissue obtained by bronchoscopic cryobiopsy and compared this to other standard tissue sampling techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 414 patients with histologically confirmed NSCLC and known EGFR mutation status between 3/2008-7/2014. Tumor specimens obtained by tissue preserving bronchoscopic cryobiopsy were compared to those obtained by other techniques. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Analysis of bronchoscopic cryobiopsy tissue detected 29 activating EGFR mutations in 27 (21.6 %) out of 125 patients, while analysis of tissue obtained by non-cryobiopsy techniques (bronchoscopic forceps biopsies, fine needle aspiration, imaging guided transthoracical and surgical procedures) detected 42 EGFR mutations in 40 (13.8 %) out of 298 patients (p < 0.05). Cryobiopsy increased detection rate of EGFR mutations in central tumors compared with forceps biopsy (19.6 % versus 6.5 %, p < 0.05), while an insignificant trend was detected also for peripheral tumors (33.3 % versus 26.9 %). Bronchosopic cryobiopsy increases the detection rate of activating EGFR mutations in NSCLC in comparison to other tissue sampling techniques. This will help to optimize individualized treatment of patients with advanced tumors. Because of the retrospective nature of this analysis, a prospective trial is mandatory for final assessment.
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23
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Hipólito A, Mendes C, Serpa J. The Metabolic Remodelling in Lung Cancer and Its Putative Consequence in Therapy Response. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1219:311-333. [PMID: 32130706 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide in both men and women. Conventional chemotherapy has failed to provide long-term benefits for many patients and in the past decade, important advances were made to understand the underlying molecular/genetic mechanisms of lung cancer, allowing the unfolding of several other pathological entities. Considering these molecular subtypes, and the appearance of promising targeted therapies, an effective personalized control of the disease has emerged, nonetheless benefiting a small proportion of patients. Although immunotherapy has also appeared as a new hope, it is still not accessible to the majority of patients with lung cancer.The metabolism of energy and biomass is the basis of cellular survival. This is true for normal cells under physiological conditions and it is also true for pathophysiologically altered cells, such as cancer cells. Thus, knowledge of the metabolic remodelling that occurs in cancer cells in the sense of, on one hand, surviving in the microenvironment of the organ in which the tumour develops and, on the other hand, escaping from drugs conditioned microenvironment, is essential to understand the disease and to develop new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Hipólito
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cindy Mendes
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisbon, Portugal.
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24
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Sergi CM. Lower Respiratory Tract. PATHOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE 2020:139-253. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-59169-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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25
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Baeissa HM, Pearl FMG. Identifying the Impact of Inframe Insertions and Deletions on Protein Function in Cancer. J Comput Biol 2019; 27:786-795. [PMID: 31460787 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2018.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inframe insertion and deletion mutations (indels) are commonly observed in cancer samples accounting for over 1% of all reported mutations. Few somatic inframe indels have been clinically documented as pathogenic and at present there are few tools to predict which indels drive cancer development. However, indels are a common feature of hereditary disease and several tools have been developed to predict the impact of inframe indels on protein function. In this study, we test whether six of the popular prediction tools can be adapted to test for cancer driver mutations and then develop a new algorithm (IndelRF) that discriminates between recurrent indels in known cancer genes and indels not associated with disease. IndelRF was developed to try and identify somatic, driver, and inframe indel mutations. Using a random forest classifier with 11 features, IndelRF achieved accuracies of 0.995 and 0.968 for insertion and deletion mutations, respectively. Finally, we use IndelRF to classify the inframe indel cancer mutations in the MOKCa database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanadi M Baeissa
- Bioinformatics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Frances M G Pearl
- Bioinformatics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
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26
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Yang Z, Chan KI, Kwok HF, Tam KY. Novel Therapeutic Anti-ADAM17 Antibody A9(B8) Enhances EGFR-TKI-Mediated Anticancer Activity in NSCLC. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:1516-1524. [PMID: 31450127 PMCID: PMC6717059 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations were found in 30%-40% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, who often responded well to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) as exemplified by erlotinib and gefitinib in the past decades. However, EGFR mutation-led drug resistance usually occurred upon prolonged treatment with EGFR-TKI. Herein, we study the anticancer effects of EGFR-TKI in combination with a newly developed antibody, A9(B8), to target a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17 that was overexpressed in NSCLC patients. NSCLC cell lines with different EGFR mutations were used to evaluate the drug combination. We have found that the EGFR-TKI-A9(B8) combination exhibited enhanced anticancer effects in NCI-H1975 cells harboring L858R and T790M mutations, which were due to simultaneous suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinases phosphorylation. Our results suggested that targeting ADAM17 could potentiate the anticancer effects of EGFR-TKI against NSCLC and overcome drug resistance due to EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, PR China
| | - Kin Iong Chan
- Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, PR China; Department of Pathology, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macau SAR, PR China
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, PR China; Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, PR China.
| | - Kin Yip Tam
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, PR China.
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Zebrafish Xenograft Model of Human Lung Cancer for Evaluating Osimertinib Resistance. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3129748. [PMID: 31346515 PMCID: PMC6620834 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3129748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
About half of NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation had secondary mutation T790M after treatment with a first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), Gefitinib. The third-generation of EGFR-TKI Osimertinib is suitable for patients with EGFR mutation and T790M mutation. However, drug screening for NSCLC patients after the emergence of acquired resistance has become a difficult problem for clinicians. In this study, we established drug-resistant cell lines of Gefitinib and Osimertinib to evaluate cell proliferation in vitro. And we investigated the inhibitory effect of different drug concentration gradients on cancer cells. Zebrafish with high homology to human genes were selected as xenotransplantation models to compare the effects of different concentrations of Osimertinib on the proliferation and angiogenesis of zebrafish tumors after transplantation of different lung cancer cell lines. It was confirmed that Osimertinib could inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells with EGFR mutation and T790M resistance mutation in zebrafish, which was consistent with the clinical research conclusion.
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28
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Moncho-Amor V, Pintado-Berninches L, Ibañez de Cáceres I, Martín-Villar E, Quintanilla M, Chakravarty P, Cortes-Sempere M, Fernández-Varas B, Rodriguez-Antolín C, de Castro J, Sastre L, Perona R. Role of Dusp6 Phosphatase as a Tumor Suppressor in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20082036. [PMID: 31027181 PMCID: PMC6514584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DUSP6/MKP3 is a dual-specific phosphatase that regulates extracellular regulated kinase ERK1/2 and ERK5 activity, with an increasingly recognized role as tumor suppressor. In silico studies from Gene expression Omnibus (GEO) and Cancer Genome atlas (TCGA) databases reveal poor prognosis in those Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with low expression levels of DUSP6. In agreement with these data, here we show that DUSP6 plays a major role in the regulation of cell migration, motility and tumor growth. We have found upregulation in the expression of several genes involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NSCLC-DUSP6 depleted cells. Data obtained in RNA-seq studies carried out in DUSP6 depleted cells identified EGFR, TGF-β and WNT signaling pathways and several genes such as VAV3, RUNXR2, LEF1, FGFR2 whose expression is upregulated in these cells and therefore affecting cellular functions such as integrin mediated cell adhesion, focal adhesion and motility. Furthermore, EGF signaling pathway is activated via ERK5 and not ERK1/2 and TGF-β via SMAD2/3 in DUSP6 depleted cells. In summary DUSP6 is a tumor suppressor in NSCLC and re-establishment of its expression may be a potential strategy to revert poor outcome in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Moncho-Amor
- Department of Experimental Models of Human Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas C.S.I.C./U.A.M, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1ST, UK.
| | - Laura Pintado-Berninches
- Department of Experimental Models of Human Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas C.S.I.C./U.A.M, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Ibañez de Cáceres
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ester Martín-Villar
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biosanitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Quintanilla
- Department of Experimental Models of Human Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas C.S.I.C./U.A.M, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Probir Chakravarty
- Bioinformatics, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - María Cortes-Sempere
- Department of Experimental Models of Human Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas C.S.I.C./U.A.M, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Varas
- Department of Experimental Models of Human Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas C.S.I.C./U.A.M, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Antolín
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier de Castro
- Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Leandro Sastre
- Department of Experimental Models of Human Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas C.S.I.C./U.A.M, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosario Perona
- Department of Experimental Models of Human Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas C.S.I.C./U.A.M, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Bordi P, Del Re M, Minari R, Rofi E, Buti S, Restante G, Squadrilli A, Crucitta S, Casartelli C, Gnetti L, Azzoni C, Bottarelli L, Petrini I, Cosenza A, Ferri L, Rapacchi E, Danesi R, Tiseo M. From the beginning to resistance: Study of plasma monitoring and resistance mechanisms in a cohort of patients treated with osimertinib for advanced T790M-positive NSCLC. Lung Cancer 2019; 131:78-85. [PMID: 31027702 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for the identification of T790M mutation in advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients can replace tissue re-biopsy for resistance characterization and, being non-invasive, may be applied for disease monitoring. We analysed ctDNA during osimertinib treatment to correlate mutational levels with clinical outcome and to predict pattern of resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty patients with advanced NSCLC receiving osimertinib for T790M + disease after previous EGFR-TKI were enrolled in a pilot study to collect plasma at baseline and every 12 weeks until progression. Molecular analysis of ctDNA was performed by ddPCR and Therascreen®. When feasible at progression, tissue re-biopsy and NGS analysis were performed. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients had baseline plasma samples suitable for molecular analysis. Patients with low levels of the EGFR activating mutation in ctDNA [< 2200 copies/mL or allele frequency (AF) < 6.1%] showed better progression-free survival (17.8 or 17.8 months vs. 4.3 or 2.7, p = 0.022 or p = 0.018, respectively) and overall survival (23.6 or 23.6 vs. 7.7 or 7.3, p = 0.016 or p = 0.013, respectively) than patients with high levels (≥ 2200 copies/mL or AF ≥ 6.1%). Patients with detectable EGFR mutations in plasma (shedders) presented worse outcome than negative subjects (non-shedders). Low levels of T790M, higher T790M/activating mutation ratio and complete clearance after 2 months were associated with a trend towards better outcome. Tissue re-biopsy at resistance showed 3 patients with EGFR C797S, 1 with MET amplification, 1 with MYC amplification, 1 with PTEN loss, 3 with SCLC transformation. CONCLUSIONS The mutational analysis performed on plasma plays a significant role in prognostic stratification, especially for the EGFR activating mutation, since patients with absence or low levels of mutations presented a better outcome to osimertinib. At progression, tissue re-biopsy remains a crucial issue for the identification of resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bordi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Minari
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Rofi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giuliana Restante
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Crucitta
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Letizia Gnetti
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cinzia Azzoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Lorena Bottarelli
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Iacopo Petrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and New Technologies, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Agnese Cosenza
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy
| | - Leonarda Ferri
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Rapacchi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy
| | - Romano Danesi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcello Tiseo
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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30
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Iyer S, Prajapati R, Ramesh A, Basavalingegowda M, Todur S, Kavishvar S, Vijaykumar R, Naik R, Kulkarni P, Bhatt AD, Maniar V, Maka V, Thungappa SC, Singhal M, Ranade A, Shafi G. The future of lung cancer therapy: Striding beyond conventional EGFR and ALK treatments. Mol Clin Oncol 2019; 10:469-475. [PMID: 30931120 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2019.1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide has long relied on testing for the molecular biomarkers EGFR/ALK. However, achieving superior clinical outcomes for patients with lung cancer requires developing comprehensive techniques beyond contemporary EGFR/ALK testing. Current technologies are on par with molecular testing for EGFR/ALK in terms of efficacy, most of them failing to offer improvements perhaps primarily due to skepticism among clinicians, despite being recommended in the NCCN guidelines. The present study endeavored to minimize chemotherapy-dependence in EGFR/ALK-negative patient cohorts, and use evidence-based methods to identify ways to improve clinical outcomes. In total, 137 lung cancer cases obtained from 'PositiveSelect NGS data', comprising 91 males and 46 females, were investigated. EGFR- and ALK-positivity was used for data dichotomization to understand the therapeutic utility of rare gene alterations beyond just EGFR/ALK. Statistics obtained from PositiveSelect were collated with data from international studies to construct a meta-analysis intended to achieve better clinical outcomes. Upon dichotomization, 23% of cases harbored EGFR variants indicating that treating with EGFR TKIs would be beneficial; the remaining 77% exhibited no EGFR variants that would indicate favorable results using specific currently available chemotherapy practices. Similarly, 28% of cases had EGFR+ALK variants favoring EGFR/ALK-based targeted therapeutics; the remaining 72% harbored no EGFR/ALK variants with known beneficial chemotherapy routes. The present study aimed to overcome current inadequacies of targeted therapies in patients with a conventional EGFR/ALK-positive diagnosis and those in EGFR+ALK-negative cohorts. Upon analysis of the negative cohorts, significant and clinically relevant single nucleotide variants were identified in KRAS, ERBB2, MET and RET, with frequencies of 7, 1, 2 and 3% in patients who were EGFR-negative and 6, 1, 1, and 3% in patients who were EGFR and ALK-negative, respectively, enabling the use of targeted therapeutics aside from EGFR/ALK TKIs. From the results of the current study only 35% of the two negative arms (EGFR negative and EGFR+ALK negative) would be recommended NCCN or off-label chemotherapy; prior to the current study, the entire cohorts would have been recommended this treatment. The present study emphasizes the potential of comprehensive genomics in identifying hallmarks of lung cancer beyond EGFR/ALK, using broad-spectrum genetic testing and data-sharing among medical professionals to circumvent ineffective chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Iyer
- Department of Clinical Genomics and Bioinformatics, Positive Bioscience, Mumbai 400002, India
| | - Rambaksh Prajapati
- Department of Clinical Genomics and Bioinformatics, Positive Bioscience, Mumbai 400002, India
| | - Aarthi Ramesh
- Department of Clinical Genomics and Bioinformatics, Positive Bioscience, Mumbai 400002, India
| | | | - Seema Todur
- Department of Clinical Genomics and Bioinformatics, Positive Bioscience, Mumbai 400002, India
| | - Shubham Kavishvar
- Department of Clinical Genomics and Bioinformatics, Positive Bioscience, Mumbai 400002, India
| | | | - Radhesyam Naik
- Department of Medical Oncology, HCG, Bangalore 560020, India
| | | | | | | | - Vinayak Maka
- Department of Medical Oncology, HCG, Bangalore 560020, India
| | | | | | | | - Gowhar Shafi
- Department of Clinical Genomics and Bioinformatics, Positive Bioscience, Mumbai 400002, India
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Yang Z, Zhang SL, Hu X, Tam KY. Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 enhances the anti-cancer effect of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 838:41-52. [PMID: 30213498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors have been used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for decades with great success in patients with EGFR mutations, acquired-resistance inevitably occurs after long-term exposure to the treatment of EGFR inhibitors. Glycolysis is a predominant process for most cancer cells to utilize glucose, which referred to as the Warburg Effect. Targeting critical enzymes, such as pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) that inversely regulating the process of glycolysis could be a promising approach to work alone or in combination with other treatments for cancer therapy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether PDK1 inhibition could enhance the anti-cancer effects of EGFR-TKi. Herein, we utilized a recently reported PDK1 inhibitor 2,2-Dichloro-1-(4-isopropoxy-3-nitrophenyl)ethan-1-one (Cpd64), which was more potent and selective than dichloroacetate (DCA) and/or dichloroacetophenone (DAP), to study the mechanism of PDK1 inhibition in TKi-mediated anti-cancer activity. We found that the introduction of Cpd64 in EGFR-TKi therapy enhanced the anti-proliferative effects in EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells under hypoxia. In particular, Cpd64 was shown to increase the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and improved XPHOS, such as elevated mitochondrial respiration, and increased ATP generation, which effectively modulated the upregulation of PDK1 by EGFR-TKi treatment. We have observed that Cpd64 effectively enhanced the tumor growth inhibition induced by erlotinib in a NCI-H1975 xenograft mouse model. Collectively, our results suggested that combined use of selective PDK inhibitor and EGFR-TKi could be a potential strategy for NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Shao-Lin Zhang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- Drug Development Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Kin Yip Tam
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
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32
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Hussein N, Ashby CR, Amawi H, Nyinawabera A, Vij A, Khare VM, Karthikeyan C, Tiwari AK. Cariprazine, A Dopamine D₂/D₃ Receptor Partial Agonist, Modulates ABCG2-Mediated Multidrug Resistance in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E308. [PMID: 30181510 PMCID: PMC6162716 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a continuing clinical problem that limits the efficacy of chemotherapy in cancer. The over expression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family G2 (ABCG2) transporter is one of the main mechanisms that mediates MDR in cancer. Molecular modeling data indicated that cariprazine, a dopamine D₂/D₃ receptor partial agonist, had a significant binding affinity for ABCG2 transporter with a Glide XP score of -6.515. Therefore, in this in vitro study, we determined the effect of cariprazine on MDR resulting from the overexpression of ABCG2 transporters. Alone, cariprazine, at concentrations up to 20 μM, did not significantly decrease cell viability. Cariprazine, at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 μM, did not significantly alter the cytotoxicity of mitoxantrone (MX) in the parental non-small cell cancer cell line, H460 and colon cancer cell S1. However, cariprazine (1⁻20 μM) significantly enhanced the efficacy of ABCG2 substrate antineoplastic drug MX in the ABCG2-overexpressing MDR cell line, H460-MX20 and S1M1-80, by reducing the resistance fold from 28 to 1 and from 93 to 1.33, respectively. Cariprazine, in a concentration-dependent (1⁻20 μM), significantly increased the intracellular accumulation of Rhodamine 123 in S1M1-80. Interestingly, 10 or 20 μM of cariprazine significantly decreased the expression levels of the ABCG2 protein in the colon and lung cancer cell lines, suggesting that cariprazine inhibits both the function and expression of ABCG2 transporters at nontoxic concentrations. Overall, our results suggest that cariprazine, via several distinct mechanisms, can resensitize resistant cancer cells to mitoxantrone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Haneen Amawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Angelique Nyinawabera
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Atul Vij
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Vishwa M Khare
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Chandrabose Karthikeyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Lalpur, Amarkantak, MP 484887, India.
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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Mehrabi M, Mahdiuni H, Rasouli H, Mansouri K, Shahlaei M, Khodarahmi R. Comparative experimental/theoretical studies on the EGFR dimerization under the effect of EGF/EGF analogues binding: Highlighting the importance of EGF/EGFR interactions at site III interface. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:401-417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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34
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Schrank Z, Chhabra G, Lin L, Iderzorig T, Osude C, Khan N, Kuckovic A, Singh S, Miller RJ, Puri N. Current Molecular-Targeted Therapies in NSCLC and Their Mechanism of Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E224. [PMID: 29973561 PMCID: PMC6071023 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is treated with many conventional therapies, such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. However, these therapies have multiple undesirable side effects. To bypass the side effects elicited by these conventional treatments, molecularly-targeted therapies are currently in use or under development. Current molecularly-targeted therapies effectively target specific biomarkers, which are commonly overexpressed in lung cancers and can cause increased tumorigenicity. Unfortunately, several molecularly-targeted therapies are associated with initial dramatic responses followed by acquired resistance due to spontaneous mutations or activation of signaling pathways. Acquired resistance to molecularly targeted therapies presents a major clinical challenge in the treatment of lung cancer. Therefore, to address this clinical challenge and to improve lung cancer patient prognosis, we need to understand the mechanism of acquired resistance to current therapies and develop additional novel therapies. This review concentrates on various lung cancer biomarkers, including EGFR, ALK, and BRAF, as well as their potential mechanisms of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Schrank
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Gagan Chhabra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Leo Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Tsatsral Iderzorig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Chike Osude
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Nabiha Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Adijan Kuckovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Sanjana Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Rachel J Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Neelu Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
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Rhee JK, Kim TM. Population-based statistical inference for temporal sequence of somatic mutations in cancer genomes. BMC Med Genomics 2018; 11:29. [PMID: 29697365 PMCID: PMC5918460 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well recognized that accumulation of somatic mutations in cancer genomes plays a role in carcinogenesis; however, the temporal sequence and evolutionary relationship of somatic mutations remain largely unknown. METHODS In this study, we built a population-based statistical framework to infer the temporal sequence of acquisition of somatic mutations. Using the model, we analyzed the mutation profiles of 1954 tumor specimens across eight tumor types. RESULTS As a result, we identified tumor type-specific directed networks composed of 2-15 cancer-related genes (nodes) and their mutational orders (edges). The most common ancestors identified in pairwise comparison of somatic mutations were TP53 mutations in breast, head/neck, and lung cancers. The known relationship of KRAS to TP53 mutations in colorectal cancers was identified, as well as potential ancestors of TP53 mutation such as NOTCH1, EGFR, and PTEN mutations in head/neck, lung and endometrial cancers, respectively. We also identified apoptosis-related genes enriched with ancestor mutations in lung cancers and a relationship between APC hotspot mutations and TP53 mutations in colorectal cancers. CONCLUSION While evolutionary analysis of cancers has focused on clonal versus subclonal mutations identified in individual genomes, our analysis aims to further discriminate ancestor versus descendant mutations in population-scale mutation profiles that may help select cancer drivers with clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Keun Rhee
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Min Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Quintanal-Villalonga Á, Mediano M, Ferrer I, Meléndez R, Carranza-Carranza A, Suárez R, Carnero A, Molina-Pinelo S, Paz-Ares L. Histology-dependent prognostic role of pERK and p53 protein levels in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:19945-19960. [PMID: 29731995 PMCID: PMC5929438 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung tumors represent a major health problem. In early stage NSCLC tumors, surgical resection is the preferred treatment, but 30-55% of patients will relapse within 5 years after surgery. Thus, the identification of prognostic biomarkers in early stage NSCLC patients, especially those which are therapeutically addressable, is crucial to enhance survival of these patients. We determined the immunohistochemistry expression of key proteins involved in tumorigenesis and oncogenic signaling, p53, EGFR, pAKT and pERK, and correlated their expression level to clinicopathological characteristics and patient outcome. We found EGFR expression is higher in the squamous cell carcinomas than in adenocarcinomas (p=0.043), and that nuclear p53 staining correlated with lower differentiated squamous tumors (p=0.034). Regarding the prognostic potential of the expression of these proteins, high pERK levels proved to be an independent prognostic factor for overall (p<0.001) and progression-free survival (p<0.001) in adenocarcinoma patients, but not in those from the squamous histology, and high p53 nuclear levels were identified as independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival (p=0.031) only in squamous cell carcinoma patients. We propose a role as early prognostic biomarkers for pERK protein levels in adenocarcinoma, and for nuclear p53 levels in squamous cell lung carcinoma. The determination of these potential biomarkers in the adequate histologic context may predict the outcome of early stage NSCLC patients, and may offer a therapeutic opportunity to enhance survival of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Quintanal-Villalonga
- H120-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación 12 de Octubre and CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariló Mediano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Sevilla, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Irene Ferrer
- H120-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación 12 de Octubre and CNIO, Madrid, Spain.,CiberOnc, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Meléndez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrés Carranza-Carranza
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Sevilla, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Suárez
- H120-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación 12 de Octubre and CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sonia Molina-Pinelo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Sevilla, Spain.,CiberOnc, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- H120-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación 12 de Octubre and CNIO, Madrid, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Medical School, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,CiberOnc, Madrid, Spain
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37
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Castellanos-Rizaldos E, Grimm DG, Tadigotla V, Hurley J, Healy J, Neal PL, Sher M, Venkatesan R, Karlovich C, Raponi M, Krug A, Noerholm M, Tannous J, Tannous BA, Raez LE, Skog JK. Exosome-Based Detection of EGFR T790M in Plasma from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2018. [PMID: 29535126 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: About 60% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients develop resistance to targeted epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor therapy through the EGFR T790M mutation. Patients with this mutation respond well to third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but obtaining a tissue biopsy to confirm the mutation poses risks and is often not feasible. Liquid biopsies using circulating free tumor DNA (cfDNA) have emerged as a noninvasive option to detect the mutation; however, sensitivity is low as many patients have too few detectable copies in circulation. Here, we have developed and validated a novel test that overcomes the limited abundance of the mutation by simultaneously capturing and interrogating exosomal RNA/DNA and cfDNA (exoNA) in a single step followed by a sensitive allele-specific qPCR.Experimental Design: ExoNA was extracted from the plasma of NSCLC patients with biopsy-confirmed T790M-positive (N = 102) and T790M-negative (N = 108) samples. The T790M mutation status was determined using an analytically validated allele-specific qPCR assay in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment laboratory.Results: Detection of the T790M mutation on exoNA achieved 92% sensitivity and 89% specificity using tumor biopsy results as gold standard. We also obtained high sensitivity (88%) in patients with intrathoracic disease (M0/M1a), for whom detection by liquid biopsy has been particularly challenging.Conclusions: The combination of exoRNA/DNA and cfDNA for T790M detection has higher sensitivity and specificity compared with historical cohorts using cfDNA alone. This could further help avoid unnecessary tumor biopsies for T790M mutation testing. Clin Cancer Res; 24(12); 2944-50. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James Hurley
- Exosome Diagnostics, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - John Healy
- Exosome Diagnostics, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | - Mia Sher
- Exosome Diagnostics, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Anne Krug
- Exosome Diagnostics, Inc., GmbH, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Jihane Tannous
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luis E Raez
- Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Health Care System, Florida International University, Florida
| | - Johan K Skog
- Exosome Diagnostics, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts.
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38
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Yang Z, Yang N, Ou Q, Xiang Y, Jiang T, Wu X, Bao H, Tong X, Wang X, Shao YW, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhou C. Investigating Novel Resistance Mechanisms to Third-Generation EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Osimertinib in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3097-3107. [PMID: 29506987 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yang
- Tumor Research and Therapy Centre, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Nong Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuxiang Ou
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, Canada
| | - Yi Xiang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Cancer Institute of Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, Canada
| | - Hua Bao
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, Canada
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, Canada
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Yang W Shao
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, Canada
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Cancer Institute of Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai, China.
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39
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Yang Z, Tam KY. Combination Strategies Using EGFR-TKi in NSCLC Therapy: Learning from the Gap between Pre-Clinical Results and Clinical Outcomes. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:204-216. [PMID: 29483838 PMCID: PMC5821041 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.22955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors have been used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for decades with great success in patients with EGFR mutations, acquired resistance inevitably occurs after long-term exposure. More recently, combination therapy has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome this issue. Several experiments have been carried out to evaluate the synergism of combination therapy both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, many clinical studies have been carried out to investigate the feasibility of treatment with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKi) combined with other NSCLC treatments, including radiotherapy, cytotoxic chemotherapies, targeted therapies, and emerging immunotherapies. However, a significant gap still exists when applying pre-clinical results to clinical scenarios, which hinders the development and use of these strategies. This article is a literature review analysing the rationalities and controversies in the transition from pre-clinical investigation to clinical practice associated with various combination strategies. It also highlights clues and challenges regarding future combination therapeutic options in NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kin Yip Tam
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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40
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Uncommon frame-shift exon 19 EGFR mutations are sensitive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Med Oncol 2018; 35:28. [PMID: 29387949 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Exons 19-21 EGFR activating mutations are predictive biomarkers of response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, uncommon exon 19 EGFR mutations, due to their low frequency, have an uncertain biological and clinical significance and very little is known about their TKI sensitivity. This study was designed to describe the TKI sensitivity of a small cohort of lung adenocarcinomas bearing uncommon exon 19 mutations and to evaluate in silico the correlation between frame-shift exon 19 mutations and EGFR sequence/structure modification. Among 1168 NSCLCs screened for EGFR mutational status in our Institutions between 2011 and 2016, seven uncommon exon 19 EGFR mutations were further evaluated: five complex mutations, characterized by a deletion followed by a single-nucleotide insertion, a macrodeletion of 25 bp, and a 19 bp duplication. Interestingly, three patients harboring frame-shift mutations (i.e., one complex mutation, the macrodeletion, and the duplication) showed disease stability and considerably long PFS and OS upon TKI therapy. By contrast, three patients with in-frame complex deletions, independently of the mutation starting point, showed poor/lack of response to TKI therapy. In silico structural analysis showed that sensitivity to TKIs correlates with structural changes in the length and conformation of EGFR C-helix in frame-shift mutations. These data suggest that not all uncommon exon 19 EGFR mutations have the same TKI sensitivity and that frame-shift mutations are responsive to TKIs therapy.
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41
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Anterior Gradient 2 is Correlated with EGFR Mutation in Lung Adenocarcinoma Tissues. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 30:e234-42. [PMID: 25634032 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) has demonstrated a promising therapeutic response in lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR gene mutations. However, the predictive factors for this therapy have not been established, except for the EGFR gene mutation status of carcinoma cells. Methods We first performed microarray analysis in EGFR-TKI–sensitive lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. The results indicated anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) as a potential surrogate marker of EGFR-TKI. Therefore, we then evaluated the correlation between the status of AGR2 immunoreactivity and clinicopathological factors including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and clinical response to EGFR-TKI, in 147 cases of surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma. The biological significance of AGR2 was further evaluated by transfecting small interfering RNA (siRNA) against AGR2 in these cells. Results The status of AGR2 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in lung adenocarcinoma cases with EGFR gene mutations than in those with the wild type (p<0.0001), but there were no significant differences in OS, PFS and response of EGFR-TKI between the AGR2 high and low carcinoma cases. Knockdown of AGR2 gene expression following siRNA transfection resulted in a significantly lower response to EGFR-TKI in EGFR-mutated PC-3. Conclusions AGR2 could serve as an adjunctive surrogate protein marker possibly reflecting EGFR gene mutations in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Results from in vitro analysis indicated that AGR2 could be a potential clinical biomarker of EGFR-TKI therapeutic sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma cells.
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42
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Min HY, Lee HY. Oncogene-Driven Metabolic Alterations in Cancer. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:45-56. [PMID: 29212306 PMCID: PMC5746037 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of human deaths worldwide. Understanding the biology underlying the evolution of cancer is important for reducing the economic and social burden of cancer. In addition to genetic aberrations, recent studies demonstrate metabolic rewiring, such as aerobic glycolysis, glutamine dependency, accumulation of intermediates of glycolysis, and upregulation of lipid and amino acid synthesis, in several types of cancer to support their high demands on nutrients for building blocks and energy production. Moreover, oncogenic mutations are known to be associated with metabolic reprogramming in cancer, and these overall changes collectively influence tumor-microenvironment interactions and cancer progression. Accordingly, several agents targeting metabolic alterations in cancer have been extensively evaluated in preclinical and clinical settings. Additionally, metabolic reprogramming is considered a novel target to control cancers harboring un-targetable oncogenic alterations such as KRAS. Focusing on lung cancer, here, we highlight recent findings regarding metabolic rewiring in cancer, its association with oncogenic alterations, and therapeutic strategies to control deregulated metabolism in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Min
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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43
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Kersh AE, Ng S, Chang YM, Sasaki M, Thomas SN, Kissick HT, Lesinski GB, Kudchadkar RR, Waller EK, Pollack BP. Targeted Therapies: Immunologic Effects and Potential Applications Outside of Cancer. J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 58:7-24. [PMID: 29136276 PMCID: PMC5972536 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Two pharmacologic approaches that are currently at the forefront of treating advanced cancer are those that center on disrupting critical growth/survival signaling pathways within tumor cells (commonly referred to as "targeted therapies") and those that center on enhancing the capacity of a patient's immune system to mount an antitumor response (immunotherapy). Maximizing responses to both of these approaches requires an understanding of the oncogenic events present in a given patient's tumor and the nature of the tumor-immune microenvironment. Although these 2 modalities were developed and initially used independently, combination regimens are now being tested in clinical trials, underscoring the need to understand how targeted therapies influence immunologic events. Translational studies and preclinical models have demonstrated that targeted therapies can influence immune cell trafficking, the production of and response to chemokines and cytokines, antigen presentation, and other processes relevant to antitumor immunity and immune homeostasis. Moreover, because these and other effects of targeted therapies occur in nonmalignant cells, targeted therapies are being evaluated for use in applications outside of oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Kersh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Spencer Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yun Min Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Susan N. Thomas
- Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haydn T. Kissick
- Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory B. Lesinski
- Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ragini R. Kudchadkar
- Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Edmund K. Waller
- Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian P. Pollack
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Hasenahuer MA, Barletta GP, Fernandez-Alberti S, Parisi G, Fornasari MS. Pockets as structural descriptors of EGFR kinase conformations. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189147. [PMID: 29228029 PMCID: PMC5724837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), a tyrosine kinase receptor, is one of the main tumor markers in different types of cancers. The kinase native state is mainly composed of two populations of conformers: active and inactive. Several sequence variations in EGFR kinase region promote the differential enrichment of conformers with higher activity. Some structural characteristics have been proposed to differentiate kinase conformations, but these considerations could lead to ambiguous classifications. We present a structural characterisation of EGFR kinase conformers, focused on active site pocket comparisons, and the mapping of known pathological sequence variations. A structural based clustering of this pocket accurately discriminates active from inactive, well-characterised conformations. Furthermore, this main pocket contains, or is in close contact with, ≈65% of cancer-related variation positions. Although the relevance of protein dynamics to explain biological function has been extensively recognised, the usage of the ensemble of conformations in dynamic equilibrium to represent the functional state of proteins and the importance of pockets, cavities and/or tunnels was often neglected in previous studies. These functional structures and the equilibrium between them could be structurally analysed in wild type as well as in sequence variants. Our results indicate that biologically important pockets, as well as their shape and dynamics, are central to understanding protein function in wild-type, polymorphic or disease-related variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Anahi Hasenahuer
- Departamento de Ciencia Y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - German Patricio Barletta
- Departamento de Ciencia Y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Gustavo Parisi
- Departamento de Ciencia Y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Silvina Fornasari
- Departamento de Ciencia Y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cheng F, Hong H, Yang S, Wei Y. Individualized network-based drug repositioning infrastructure for precision oncology in the panomics era. Brief Bioinform 2017; 18:682-697. [PMID: 27296652 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbw051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have generated the data supporting a large volume of somatic alterations in several national and international cancer genome projects, such as The Cancer Genome Atlas and the International Cancer Genome Consortium. These cancer genomics data have facilitated the revolution of a novel oncology drug discovery paradigm from candidate target or gene studies toward targeting clinically relevant driver mutations or molecular features for precision cancer therapy. This focuses on identifying the most appropriately targeted therapy to an individual patient harboring a particularly genetic profile or molecular feature. However, traditional experimental approaches that are used to develop new chemical entities for targeting the clinically relevant driver mutations are costly and high-risk. Drug repositioning, also known as drug repurposing, re-tasking or re-profiling, has been demonstrated as a promising strategy for drug discovery and development. Recently, computational techniques and methods have been proposed for oncology drug repositioning and identifying pharmacogenomics biomarkers, but overall progress remains to be seen. In this review, we focus on introducing new developments and advances of the individualized network-based drug repositioning approaches by targeting the clinically relevant driver events or molecular features derived from cancer panomics data for the development of precision oncology drug therapies (e.g. one-person trials) to fully realize the promise of precision medicine. We discuss several potential challenges (e.g. tumor heterogeneity and cancer subclones) for precision oncology. Finally, we highlight several new directions for the precision oncology drug discovery via biotherapies (e.g. gene therapy and immunotherapy) that target the 'undruggable' cancer genome in the functional genomics era.
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Yang L, Wen Y, Lv G, Lin Y, Tang J, Lu J, Zhang M, Liu W, Sun X. α-Lipoic acid inhibits human lung cancer cell proliferation through Grb2-mediated EGFR downregulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:325-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wu X, Li F, Wang X, Li C, Meng Q, Wang C, Huang J, Chen S, Zhu Z. Antibiotic bedaquiline effectively targets growth, survival and tumor angiogenesis of lung cancer through suppressing energy metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:267-272. [PMID: 29107691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis plays essential roles during lung cancer progression and metastasis. Therapeutic agent that targets both tumor cell and vascular endothelial cell may achieve additional anti-tumor efficacy. We demonstrate that bedaquiline, a FDA-approved antibiotic drug, effectively targets lung cancer cells and angiogenesis. Bedaquiline dose-dependently inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of a panel of lung cancer cell lines regardless of subtypes and molecular heterogeneity. Bedaquiline also inhibits capillary network formation of human lung tumor associated-endothelial cell (HLT-EC) on Matrigel and its multiple functions, such as spreading, proliferation and apoptosis, even in the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We further demonstrate that bedaquiline acts on lung cancer cells and HLT-EC via inhibiting mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, leading to ATP reduction and oxidative stress. Consistently, oxidative damage on DNA, protein and lipid were detected in cells exposed to bedaquiline. Importantly, the results obtained in in vitro cell culture are reproducible in in vivo xenograft lung cancer mouse model, confirming that bedaquiline suppresses lug tumor growth and angiogenesis, and increases oxidative stress. Our findings demonstrating that energy depletion is effectively against lung tumor cells and angiogenesis. Our work also provide pre-clinical evidence to repurpose antibiotic bedaquiline for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomu Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fajiu Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan No. 6 Hospital, Affiliated Hospital to Jianghan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojiang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan No. 6 Hospital, Affiliated Hospital to Jianghan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghong Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan No. 6 Hospital, Affiliated Hospital to Jianghan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Meng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan No. 6 Hospital, Affiliated Hospital to Jianghan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanhai Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan No. 6 Hospital, Affiliated Hospital to Jianghan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan No. 6 Hospital, Affiliated Hospital to Jianghan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan No. 6 Hospital, Affiliated Hospital to Jianghan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan No. 6 Hospital, Affiliated Hospital to Jianghan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Singh M, Jadhav HR. Targeting non-small cell lung cancer with small-molecule EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2017; 23:745-753. [PMID: 29031620 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as gefitinib and erlotinib, show excellent clinical efficacy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations, including Exon 19 deletion and single-point substitution, and L858R of exon 21. The reason for the reduction in effectiveness of these EGFR TKIs is the T790M gatekeeper mutation in the ATP-binding pocket of Exon 20, which increases the affinity of EGFR for ATP. Newer EGFR TKIs, such as afatinib, osimertinib, rociletinib, EGF816 and ASP8273, selectively target T790M mutants, sparing wild-type EGFR. EGFR TKIs have fewer adverse effects than chemotherapy and also improve progression-free survival. Combination therapy of EGFR TKIs with anti-EGFR antibodies is recommended for overcoming the problem of resistance to some extent. This review could help medicinal chemists to design novel EGFR TKIs against NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahaveer Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, 302017 Rajasthan, India.
| | - Hemant R Jadhav
- Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani-333031, Rajasthan, India.
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49
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Bommu UD, Konidala KK, Pabbaraju N, Yeguvapalli S. Ligand-based virtual screening, molecular docking, QSAR and pharmacophore analysis of quercetin-associated potential novel analogs against epidermal growth factor receptor. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2017; 37:600-610. [DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2017.1377237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Uma Devi Bommu
- Department of Zoology, Division of Cancer Informatics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Kranthi Kumar Konidala
- Department of Zoology, Division of Molecular Physiology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Neeraja Pabbaraju
- Department of Zoology, Division of Molecular Physiology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Suneetha Yeguvapalli
- Department of Zoology, Division of Cancer Informatics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
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50
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Yang Z, Hu X, Zhang S, Zhang W, Tam KY. Pharmacological synergism of 2,2-dichloroacetophenone and EGFR-TKi to overcome TKi-induced resistance in NSCLC cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 815:80-87. [PMID: 28870456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Combination treatment has been used as one of the therapeutic approaches for patients suffering from lung cancer, either to cope with the issue of acquired drug resistance due to prolong the use of a particular EGFR-TKi treatment, or to decrease the doses of each compound in order to reduce potential toxicity. 2,2-dichloroacetophenone (DAP) was reported as a PDK inhibitor recently, which is much more potent than dichloroacetate (DCA) in anti-cancer therapy. In this study, we applied DAP in combined with EGFR-TKis, erlotinib or gefitinib in NSCLC cell lines and NSCLC xenograft model. Synergistic anti-cancer effects in two NSCLC cell lines with EGFR mutation, NCI-H1975 and NCI-H1650, as well as in NCI-H1975 xenograft model were observed. In comparison with either DAP or EGFR-TKi applied alone, the combination treatment not only further suppressed the EGFR signaling in vitro and in vivo, but also significantly promoted cell apoptosis. Interestingly, this synergistic anti-cancer effect was also observed in NCI-H1975 gefitinib induced-resistant cell line. Taken together, our results suggested that the combined use of DAP and EGFR-TKi exhibited anti-cancer synergy which may offer an additional treatment option for patients with EGFR-TKi induced-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Shaolin Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Kin Yip Tam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
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