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Ni LL, Che YH, Sun HM, Wang B, Wang MY, Yang ZZ, Liu H, Xiao H, Yang DS, Zhu HL, Yang ZB. The therapeutic effect of wasp venom (Vespa magnifica, Smith) and its effective part on rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes through modulating inflammation, redox homeostasis and ferroptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116700. [PMID: 37315652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is related to the aberrant proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Wasp venom (WV, Vespa magnifica, Smith), an insect secretion, has been used to treat RA in Chinese Jingpo national minority's ancient prescription. However, the potential mechanisms haven't been clarified. AIM OF THE STUDY The purposes of this paper were two-fold. First, to investigate which was the best anti-RA effective part of WV-I (molecular weight less than 3 kDa), WV-II (molecular weight 3-10 kDa) and WV-III (molecular weight more than 10 kDa) that were separated from WV. Second, to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of WV and WV-II that was best effective part in RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS The wasps were electrically stimulated and the secretions were collected. WV-I, WV-II and WV-III were acquired by ultracentrifuge method according to molecular weight. Next, WV, WV-I, WV-II and WV-III were identified by HPLC. Functional annotation and pathway analysis of WV used to bioinformatics analysis. RNA-seq analyses were constructed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). GO and KEGG pathway analyses were performed by Metascape database. STRING was used to analyze the PPI network from DEGs. Next, PPI network was visualized using Cytoscape that based on MCODE. The pivotal genes of PPI network and MCODE analysis were verified by qRT-PCR. Subsequently, MH7A cells were performed by MTT assay to evaluate the ability of inhibiting cell proliferation. Luciferase activity assay was conducted in HepG2/STAT1 or HepG2/STAT3 cells to assess STAT1/3 sensitivity of WV, WV-I, WV-II and WV-III. Additionally, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression levels were detected by ELISA kits. Intracellular thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) enzyme was evaluated by TrxR activity assay kit. ROS levels, lipid ROS levels and Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were assessed by fluorescence probe. Cell apoptosis and MMP were measured by using flow cytometry. Furthermore, the key proteins of JAK/STAT signaling pathway, protein levels of TrxR and glutathione peroxidase 4 axis (GPX4) were examined by Western blotting assay. RESULTS RNA-sequencing analysis of WV displayed be related to oxidation-reduction, inflammation and apoptosis. The data displayed that WV, WV-II and WV-III inhibited significantly cells proliferation in human MH7A cell line compared to WV-I treatment group, but WV-III had no significant suppressive effect on luciferase activity of STAT3 compared with IL-6-induced group. Combined with earlier reports that WV-III contained major allergens, we selected WV and WV-II further to study the mechanism of anti-RA. In addition, WV and WV-II decreased the level of IL-1β and IL-6 in TNF-α-induced MH7A cells via inactivating of JAK/STAT signaling pathway. On the other hand, WV and WV-II down-regulated the TrxR activity to produce ROS and induce cell apoptosis. Furthermore, WV and WV-II could accumulate lipid ROS to induce GPX4-mediated ferroptosis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the experimental results revealed that WV and WV-II were potential therapeutic agents for RA through modulating JAK/STAT signaling pathways, redox homeostasis and ferroptosis in MH7A cells. Of note, WV-II was an effective part and the predominant active monomer in WV-II will be further explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Li Ni
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China; College of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Hao Che
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Mei Sun
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Clinical Pharmacy Office, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Mei-Yu Wang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi-Zhong Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Huai Xiao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Da-Song Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Hui-Lin Zhu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhi-Bin Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China; School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Association Between IL10 Polymorphisms and the Susceptibility to Sepsis: A Meta-Analysis. Biochem Genet 2022; 61:847-860. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Chithanathan K, Jürgenson M, Guha M, Yan L, Žarkovskaja T, Pook M, Magilnick N, Boldin MP, Rebane A, Tian L, Zharkovsky A. Paradoxical attenuation of neuroinflammatory response upon LPS challenge in miR-146b deficient mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:996415. [PMID: 36389659 PMCID: PMC9659615 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.996415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The miR-146 family consists of two microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-146a and miR-146b (miR-146a/b), both of which are known to suppress immune responses in a variety of conditions. Here, we studied how constitutive deficiency of miR-146b (Mir146b-/-) affects lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in mice. Our experiments demonstrated that miR-146b deficiency results in the attenuation of LPS-induced neuroinflammation, as it was evidenced by the reduction of sickness behavior, a decrease in the inflammatory status of microglia, and the loss of morphological signs of microglial activation in the hippocampus. Gene expression analysis revealed that LPS-induced upregulation of hippocampal pro-inflammatory cytokines is attenuated in Mir146b-/- mice, compared to wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, reduced expression of the NF-κB nuclear protein p65, reduced miR-146 family target TLR4 expression and relatively stronger upregulation of miR-146a was found in Mir146b-/- mice as compared to WT mice upon LPS challenge. Compensatory upregulation of miR-146a can explain the attenuation of the LPS-induced neuroinflammation. This was supported by experiments conducted with miR-146a/b deficient mice (Mir146a/b-/-), which demonstrated that additional deletion of the miR-146a led to the restoration of LPS-induced sickness behavior and proinflammatory cytokines. Our experiments also showed that the observed upregulation of miR-146a in Mir146b-/- mice is due to the overexpression of a miR-146a transcription inducer, interferon regulatory factor 7 (Irf7). Altogether, our results show the existence of crosstalk between miR-146a and mir-146b in the regulation of LPS-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthana Chithanathan
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Monika Jürgenson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mithu Guha
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ling Yan
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tamara Žarkovskaja
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Pook
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nathaniel Magilnick
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Mark P. Boldin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ana Rebane
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alexander Zharkovsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Lee G, Kang HR, Kim A, Park JH, Lee MJ, Kim SM. Antiviral effect of vesatolimod (GS-9620) against foot-and-mouth disease virus both in vitro and invivo. Antiviral Res 2022; 205:105384. [PMID: 35863499 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals such as cows, pigs, sheep, and deer. The current emergency FMD vaccines, to induce early protection, have limited use, as their protective effect in pigs does not begin until 7 days after vaccination. Therefore, the use of antiviral agents would be required for reducing the spread of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) during outbreaks. Vesatolimod (GS-9620), a toll-like receptor 7 agonist, is an antiviral agent against various human disease-causing viruses. However, its antiviral effect against FMDV has not been reported yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiviral effects of GS-9620 against FMDV both in vitro and in vivo. The inhibitory effect of GS-9620 on FMDV in swine cells involved the induction of porcine interferon (IFN)-α and upregulation of interferon-simulated genes. Protective effect in mice injected with GS-9620 against FMDV was maintained for 5 days after injection, and cytokines such as IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-12, IL-6, and IFN-γ inducible protein-10 could be detected following the treatment with GS-9620. Furthermore, the combination of GS-9620 with an FMD-inactivated vaccine was found to be highly effective for early protection in mice. Overall, we suggest GS-9620 as a novel and effective antiviral agent for controlling FMDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongmin Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Rin Kang
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Aro Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ja Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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Zhu H, Wang Z, Wang W, Lu Y, He YW, Tian J. Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Signal DSF Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammations by Suppressing Toll-like Receptor Signaling and Preventing Lysosome-Mediated Apoptosis in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137110. [PMID: 35806111 PMCID: PMC9266882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and their eukaryotic hosts have co-evolved for millions of years, and the former can intercept eukaryotic signaling systems for the successful colonization of the host. The diffusible signal factor (DSF) family represents a type of quorum-sensing signals found in diverse Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Recent evidence shows that the DSF is involved in interkingdom communications between the bacterial pathogen and the host plant. In this study, we explored the anti-inflammatory effect of the DSF and its underlying molecular mechanism in a zebrafish model. We found that the DSF treatment exhibited a strong protective effect on the inflammatory response of zebrafish induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the LPS-induced inflammation zebrafish model, the DSF could significantly ameliorate the intestinal pathological injury, reduce abnormal migration and the aggregation of inflammatory cells, inhibit the excessive production of inflammatory mediator reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and prevent apoptosis. Through an RNA-Seq analysis, a total of 938 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was screened between LPS and LPS + DSF treatment zebrafish embryos. A further bioinformatics analysis and validation revealed that the DSF might inhibit the LPS-induced zebrafish inflammatory response by preventing the activation of signaling in the Toll-like receptor pathway, attenuating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and regulating the activation of the caspase cascade through restoring the expression of lysosomal cathepsins and apoptosis signaling. This study, for the first time, demonstrates the anti-inflammatory role and a potential pharmaceutical application of the bacterial signal DSF. These findings also suggest that the interkingdom communication between DSF-producing bacteria and zebrafish might occur in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Zhu
- Zebrafish Model Research Center for Human Diseases and Drug Screening in Western China, School of Medicine, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (W.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Zebrafish Model Research Center for Human Diseases and Drug Screening in Western China, School of Medicine, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (W.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Zebrafish Model Research Center for Human Diseases and Drug Screening in Western China, School of Medicine, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (W.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongbo Lu
- Zebrafish Model Research Center for Human Diseases and Drug Screening in Western China, School of Medicine, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (W.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ya-Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Development Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-W.H.); (J.T.); Tel.: +86-135-6438-5795 (Y.-W.H.); +86-29-88302339 (J.T.)
| | - Jing Tian
- Zebrafish Model Research Center for Human Diseases and Drug Screening in Western China, School of Medicine, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (W.W.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-W.H.); (J.T.); Tel.: +86-135-6438-5795 (Y.-W.H.); +86-29-88302339 (J.T.)
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Investigation of Ifosfamide Toxicity Induces Common Upstream Regulator in Liver and Kidney. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212201. [PMID: 34830083 PMCID: PMC8617928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent, a synthetic analogue of cyclophosphamide, used to treat various solid cancers. In this study, the toxicity of ifosfamide was evaluated using single-and multiple-dose intraperitoneal administration in rats under Good Laboratory Practice guidelines, and an additional microarray experiment was followed to support toxicological findings. A single dose of ifosfamide (50 mg/kg) did not induce any pathological changes. Meanwhile, severe renal toxicity was observed in the 7 and 28 days consecutively administered groups, with significant increases in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. In the tox-list analysis, cholesterol synthesis-related genes were mostly affected in the liver and renal failure-related genes were affected in the kidney after ifosfamide administration. Moreover, interferon regulatory factor 7 was selected as the main upstream regulator that changed in both the liver and kidney, and was found to interact with other target genes, such as ubiquitin specific peptidase 18, radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2, and interferon-stimulated gene 15, which was further confirmed by real-time RT-PCR analysis. In conclusion, we confirmed kidney-biased ifosfamide organ toxicity and identified identically altered genes in both the liver and kidney. Further comprehensive toxicogenomic studies are required to reveal the exact relationship between ifosfamide-induced genes and organ toxicity.
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Han Q, Zhang W, Guo J, Zhu Q, Chen H, Xia Y, Zhu G. Mitochondrion: a sensitive target for Pb exposure. J Toxicol Sci 2021; 46:345-358. [PMID: 34334556 DOI: 10.2131/jts.46.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Pb exposure is a worldwide environmental contamination issue which has been of concern to more and more people. Exposure to environmental Pb and its compounds through food and respiratory routes causes toxic damage to the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular and nervous systems, etc. Children and pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to Pb. Pb exposure significantly destroys children's learning ability, intelligence and perception ability. Mitochondria are involved in various life processes of eukaryotes and are one of the most sensitive organelles to various injuries. There is no doubt that Pb-induced mitochondrial damage can widely affect various physiological processes and cause great harm. In this review, we summarized the toxic effects of Pb on mitochondria which led to various pathological processes. Pb induces mitochondrial dysfunction leading to the increased level of oxidative stress. In addition, Pb leads to cell apoptosis via mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening. Also, Pb can stimulate the development of mitochondria-mediated inflammatory responses. Furthermore, Pb triggers the germination of autophagy via the mitochondrial pathway and induces mitochondrial dysfunction, disturbing intracellular calcium homeostasis. In a word, we discussed the effects of Pb exposure on mitochondria, hoping to provide some references for further research and better therapeutic options for Pb exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Han
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, China
| | - JingChong Guo
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, China
| | - YongLi Xia
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, China
| | - Gaochun Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, China
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Deng Y, Guo SL, Li JQ, Xie SS, Zhou YC, Wei B, Wang Q, Wang F. Interferon regulatory factor 7 inhibits rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and inflammation in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Life Sci 2021; 264:118709. [PMID: 33152351 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) has known roles in regulating the inflammatory response, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and apoptosis, its role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is unclear. We hypothesized that IRF7 overexpression could inhibit pulmonary vascular remodeling and slow the progression of PH. MAIN METHODS IRF7 mRNA and protein levels in the lung samples and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) isolated from monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH rats were assessed. We evaluated the effects of IRF7 on inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis using an in vivo MCT-induced PH rat model and in vitro methods. KEY FINDINGS We noted decreased IRF7 mRNA and protein levels in the pulmonary vasculature of MCT-induced PH rats. IRF7 upregulation attenuated pulmonary vascular remodeling, decreased the pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and improved the right ventricular (RV) structure and function. Our findings suggest that nuclear factor kappa-Bp65 (NF-κBp65) deactivation could confer pulmonary vasculature protection, reduce proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6) release, and decrease PASMC proliferation and resistance to apoptosis via deactivating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) signaling. ATF3 deactivation induced the downregulation of the proliferation-dependent genes proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1, and survivin, coupled with increased levels of B cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein (Bax)/B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2) ratio, and cleaved caspase-3 in PASMCs. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings showed that IRF7 downregulation could initiate inflammation via NF-κBp65 signaling, causing PASMC proliferation via ATF3 signaling pathway activation. Therefore, IRF7 could be a potential molecular target for PH therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Activating Transcription Factor 3/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/metabolism
- Cyclin D1/metabolism
- Dependovirus/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/pathology
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Hemodynamics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/chemically induced
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Inflammation/complications
- Inflammation/pathology
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-7/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung/physiopathology
- Male
- Monocrotaline
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Survivin/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
- Vascular Remodeling
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Sheng-Lan Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jia-Quan Li
- The Experimental Center of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shan-Shan Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ying-Chuan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Zhang Y, Ouyang X, You S, Zou H, Shao X, Zhang G, Zhang C, Hu L. Effect of human amniotic epithelial cells on ovarian function, fertility and ovarian reserve in primary ovarian insufficiency rats and analysis of underlying mechanisms by mRNA sequencing. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:3234-3254. [PMID: 32774697 PMCID: PMC7407690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) show similar features to stem cells and have low immunogenicity. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of hAEC transplantation on cyclophosphamide-induced primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) rats and evaluate the underlying mechanisms by mRNA sequencing of ovarian samples. Notably, hAECs mainly located in the interstitial area of the ovaries rather than follicles. hAEC transplantation led to a slight increase in body and ovary weight, normalized irregular estrous cycles, decreased serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and increased anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) level and restored follicle pools in POI rats. Ovarian expression of AMH, follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and klotho in POI rats was also significantly upregulated following hAEC transplantation. Fetus number was higher in the hAEC transplantation group than the POI group. The mRNA sequencing results showed that hAEC transplantation led to the upregulation of several angiogenesis and inflammation molecules including interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), Mx dynamin-like GTPase 1 (Mx1), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)1 and VEGFR2. Moreover, hAEC therapy had an effect on ribosomes, protein digestion, protein absorption, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cAMP signaling pathway and steroid biosynthesis pathways. The expression of several steroid biosynthesis proteins was significantly upregulated as measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis. In summary, hAECs can significantly restore ovarian function, and improve both ovarian reserve and fertility. This may be due to the paracrine effect of hAECs in regulating steroid biosynthesis, modulating follicle development from initiation to ovulation, promoting angiogenesis and reducing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhang
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Xiaolan Ouyang
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Shuang You
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Heng Zou
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
- Reproduction and Stem Cell Therapy Research Center of ChongqingChina
- Joint International Research Lab for Reproduction and Development, Ministry of EducationChina
| | - Xiaoyan Shao
- Shanghai iCELL Biotechnology Co., Ltd.Shanghai 200333, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Neural RegenerationChongqing, China
- Chongqing Guolian Stem Cell Technology Co., Ltd.Chongqing, China
| | - Chanyu Zhang
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
- Reproduction and Stem Cell Therapy Research Center of ChongqingChina
- Joint International Research Lab for Reproduction and Development, Ministry of EducationChina
| | - Lina Hu
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
- Reproduction and Stem Cell Therapy Research Center of ChongqingChina
- Joint International Research Lab for Reproduction and Development, Ministry of EducationChina
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RP105 plays a cardioprotective role in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by regulating the Toll‑like receptor 2/4 signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1373-1381. [PMID: 32626996 PMCID: PMC7339787 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The revascularization of blood vessels after myocardial infarction can lead to serious myocardial damage. Previous studies showed that radioprotective 105 kDa protein (RP105) is a specific negative regulator of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI). RP105 can modulate the Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/TLR4 signaling pathways. However, the synergistic effect of TLR2/4 regulated by RP105 during MIRI requires further investigation. To determine this effect, a MIRI model was established in rats in the present study. The expression of RP105 was depleted by transfecting RP105-siRNA and then detected using western blotting. Furthermore, the myocardium tissue was stained with the hematoxylin and eosin staining. Knockdown of RP105 promoted the activity of serum myocardial enzymes during MIRI and increased myocardial infarction. The present results indicated that knockdown of RP105 activated the TLR2/4 signaling pathway by modulating the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, decreased expression of RP105 promoted myocardial cell apoptosis, which induced the damage of myocardial ischemic reperfusion. The present results suggested both TLR2 and TLR4 as key targets of RP105, thus RP105 may be a promising candidate to facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for MIRI.
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11
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Li Y, Mao Y, Yu N, Xu X, Li M, Jiang Z, Wu C, Xu K, Chang K, Wang S, Mao H, Hu C. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) TRAF6 up-regulates IFN1 expression by activating IRF5. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:103475. [PMID: 31437525 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) can be activated by tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). Upon activation, IRF5 translocates into the nucleus, where it binds to IFN promoter and up-regulates IFN expression. However, there are few reports on the molecular mechanism by which TRAF6 up-regulates IFN expression in fish. In this study, we explored how Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) TRAF6 initiated innate immunity by activating IRF5. We found that CiTRAF6, CiIRF5 and CiIFN1 were all significantly up-regulated in LPS-stimulated CIK cells and the expression of CiTRAF6 was earlier than the expressions of CiIRF5 and CiIFN1. These findings suggested that CiIFN1 expression might be induced by CiTRAF6 in fish. CiIFN1 expression, CiIFN1 promoter activity and CO cells viability were all significantly up-regulated in the overexpression experiments, but they were significantly down-regulated in the gene silencing experiments. This indicated that CiTRAF6, along with CiIRF5, regulated CiIFN1 expression. The localization analysis found that both CiTRAF6 and CiIRF5 located in the cytoplasm. Following LPS stimulation, CiIRF5 was observed to translocate to the nucleus. GST-pull down and co-IP experiments revealed that CiTRAF6 interacted with CiIRF5. The colocalization analysis also showed that CiTRAF6 bound with CiIRF5 in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of CiTRAF6 increased the endogenous CiIRF5, promoted its ubiquitination and nuclear translocation. In conclusion, CiTRAF6 bound to CiIRF5 in the cytoplasm, and then activated CiIRF5, resulting in up-regulating the expression of CiIFN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Li
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yuexin Mao
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Ningli Yu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Meifeng Li
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zeyin Jiang
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Chuxin Wu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Kang Xu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Kaile Chang
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Shanghong Wang
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Huiling Mao
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Chengyu Hu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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12
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Tong W, Chen X, Song X, Chen Y, Jia R, Zou Y, Li L, Yin L, He C, Liang X, Ye G, Lv C, Lin J, Yin Z. Resveratrol inhibits LPS-induced inflammation through suppressing the signaling cascades of TLR4-NF-κB/MAPKs/IRF3. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:1824-1834. [PMID: 32104238 PMCID: PMC7027153 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (Res) is a natural compound that possesses anti-inflammatory properties. However, the protective molecular mechanisms of Res against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation have not been fully studied. In the present study, RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with LPS in the presence or absence of Res, and the subsequent modifications to the LPS-induced signaling pathways caused by Res treatment were examined. It was identified that Res decreased the mRNA levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88, TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 2, which suggested that Res may inhibit the activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway. It suppressed the expression levels of total and phosphorylated TLR4, NF-κB inhibitor, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) proteins. Following treatment with Res or specific inhibitors, the production of pro-inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IFN-β were decreased and the expression of anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10 was increased. These results suggested that Res may inhibit the signaling cascades of NF-κB, MAPKs and IRF3, which modulate pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, Res exhibited a therapeutic effect on LPS-induced inflammation through suppression of the TLR4-NF-κB/MAPKs/IRF3 signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Tong
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xiangxiu Chen
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yaqin Chen
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Gang Ye
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Juchun Lin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
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13
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Yu N, Xu X, Qi G, Liu D, Chen X, Ran X, Jiang Z, Li Y, Mao H, Hu C. Ctenopharyngodon idella TBK1 activates innate immune response via IRF7. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:521-527. [PMID: 29960062 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 7 is a central regulator of IFN-α expression in response to variable pathogenic infections. There are several pathogenic sensors involved in monitoring pathogen intrusion in mammals. These sensors trigger IRF7-mediated responses through different pathways. TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is a critical mediator of IRF7 activation upon pathogen infection. In fish, there are many reports on TBK1, IRF3 and IRF7, especially on TBK1-IRF3 signaling pathway. However, it is not very clear how TBK1-IRF7 works in innate immune signaling pathway. In this study, we explored how TBK1 up-regulates IFN, ISG expression, and how TBK1 initiates innate immune response through IRF7 in fish under lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation. After stimulation with LPS, grass carp IRF3 and IRF7 transcriptions were up-regulated, indicating they participate in TLR-mediated antiviral signaling pathway. It is interesting that the response time of grass carp IRF3 to LPS was earlier than that of IRF7. In addition, IRF7 rather than IRF3 acted as a stronger positive regulator of IFN and ISG transcription in Ctenopharyngodon idella kidney cells (CIKs). It is suggested the potential function differentiation between IRF3 and IRF7 upon LPS infection in fish. Dual luciferase assays also showed that overexpression of grass carp IRF7 and TBK1 up-regulated the transcription level of IFN and PKR. However, knockdown of IRF7 inhibits ISG expression, suggesting that grass carp TBK1 regulates the transcription via IRF7. Co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays proved the binding of grass carp IRF7 to TBK1. Furthermore, grass carp TBK1 can promote the nuclear translocation of IRF7. The results indicated that grass carp TBK1 can bind directly to and activate IRF7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningli Yu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University; Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University; Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Guoqin Qi
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University; Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University; Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University; Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ran
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University; Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zeyin Jiang
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University; Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yinping Li
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University; Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Huiling Mao
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University; Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Chengyu Hu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University; Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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14
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Nunes KP, de Oliveira AA, Mowry FE, Biancardi VC. Targeting toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathways: can therapeutics pay the toll for hypertension? Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:1864-1879. [PMID: 29981161 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a prominent role in the initiation and maintenance of hypertension. The innate immune system, via toll-like receptors (TLRs), identifies distinct signatures of invading microbes and damage-associated molecular patterns and triggers a chain of downstream signalling cascades, leading to secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and shaping the adaptive immune response. Over the past decade, a dysfunctional TLR-mediated response, particularly via TLR4, has been suggested to support a chronic inflammatory state in hypertension, inducing deleterious local and systemic effects in host cells and tissues and contributing to disease progression. While the underlying mechanisms triggering TLR4 need further research, evidence suggests that sustained elevations in BP disrupt homeostasis, releasing endogenous TLR4 ligands in hypertension. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of TLR4 in the pathogenesis of hypertension and whether targeting this receptor and its signalling pathways could offer a therapeutic strategy for management of this multifaceted disease. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Immune Targets in Hypertension. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenia Pedrosa Nunes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
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15
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Xue Q, Liu H, Zhu Z, Yang F, Ma L, Cai X, Xue Q, Zheng H. Seneca Valley Virus 3C pro abrogates the IRF3- and IRF7-mediated innate immune response by degrading IRF3 and IRF7. Virology 2018; 518:1-7. [PMID: 29427864 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Seneca Valley Virus (SVV) is a newly emerged virus belonging to the family Picornaviridae. Basic knowledge of the immunological response to SVV is limited. To date, one study has demonstrated that SVV 3Cpro mediates the cleavage of host MAVS, TRIF, and TANK at specific sites and consequently escapes the host's antiviral innate immunity. In this study, we show that SVV 3Cpro reduces IRF3 and IRF7 protein expression level and phosphorylation. SVV infection also reduces expression of IRF3 and IRF7 protein. The degradation of IRF3 and IRF7 is dependent on the 3Cpro protease activity. We also identify interactions between 3Cpro and IRF3 and IRF7 in PK-15 cells. A detailed analysis revealed that the degradation of IRF3 and IRF7 blocks the transcription of IFN-β, IFN-α1, IFN-α4, and ISG54. Together, our results demonstrate a novel mechanism developed by SVV 3Cpro to allow the virus to escape the host's intrinsic innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Huisheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Linna Ma
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xuepeng Cai
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qinghong Xue
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
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