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Aliyu M, Zohora FT, Ceylan A, Hossain F, Yazdani R, Azizi G. Immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: molecular and cellular mechanisms and new immunotherapeutic approaches. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024; 46:355-377. [PMID: 38634438 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2024.2330642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating autoimmune disease with increasing global prevalence. It predominantly affects females, especially those of European descent. The interplay between environmental factors and genetic predisposition plays a crucial role in MS etiopathogenesis. METHODS We searched recent relevant literature on reputable databases, which include, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect using the following keywords: multiple sclerosis, pathogenesis, autoimmunity, demyelination, therapy, and immunotherapy. RESULTS Various animal models have been employed to investigate the MS etiopathogenesis and therapeutics. Autoreactive T cells within the CNS recruit myeloid cells through chemokine expression, leading to the secretion of inflammatory cytokines driving the MS pathogenesis, resulting in demyelination, gliosis, and axonal loss. Key players include T cell lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+), B cells, and neutrophils. Signaling dysregulation in inflammatory pathways and the immunogenetic basis of MS are essential considerations for any successful therapy to MS. Data indicates that B cells and neutrophils also have significant roles in MS, despite the common belief that T cells are essential. High neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios correlate with MS severity, indicating their contribution to disease progression. Dysregulated signaling pathways further exacerbate MS progression. CONCLUSION MS remains incurable, but disease-modifying therapies, monoclonal antibodies, and immunomodulatory drugs offer hope for patients. Research on the immunogenetics and immunoregulatory functions of gut microbiota is continuing to provide light on possible treatment avenues. Understanding the complex interplay between genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and immune dysregulation is critical for developing effective treatments for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansur Aliyu
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, TUMS-IC, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Clinical Science, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Fatema Tuz Zohora
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Ayca Ceylan
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fariha Hossain
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Wagle SR, Kovacevic B, Ionescu CM, Foster T, Jones M, Mikov M, Wise A, Mooranian A, Al-Salami H. Probucol-bile acid based nanoparticles protect auditory cells from oxidative stress: an in vitro study. Ther Deliv 2024; 15:237-252. [PMID: 38469721 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Excessive free radicals contribute to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The antioxidant probucol holds promise, but its limited bioavailability and inner ear barriers hinder effective SNHL treatment. Methodology: We addressed this by developing probucol-loaded nanoparticles with polymers and lithocholic acid and tested them on House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti cells. Results: Probucol-based nanoparticles effectively reduced oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, enhanced cellular viability, improved probucol uptake and promoted mitochondrial function. Additionally, they demonstrated the capacity to reduce reactive oxygen species through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway. Conclusion: This innovative nanoparticle system holds the potential to prevent oxidative stress-related hearing impairment, providing an effective solution for SNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susbin Raj Wagle
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bozica Kovacevic
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Corina Mihaela Ionescu
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas Foster
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melissa Jones
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad (Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21101), Serbia
| | | | - Armin Mooranian
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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3
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Sharif A, Mamo J, Lam V, Al-Salami H, Mooranian A, Watts GF, Clarnette R, Luna G, Takechi R. The therapeutic potential of probucol and probucol analogues in neurodegenerative diseases. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:6. [PMID: 38247000 PMCID: PMC10802046 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders present complex pathologies characterized by various interconnected factors, including the aggregation of misfolded proteins, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Addressing such multifaceted pathways necessitates the development of multi-target therapeutic strategies. Emerging research indicates that probucol, a historic lipid-lowering medication, offers substantial potential in the realm of neurodegenerative disease prevention and treatment. Preclinical investigations have unveiled multifaceted cellular effects of probucol, showcasing its remarkable antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, its ability to fortify the BBB and its direct influence on neural preservation and adaptability. These diverse effects collectively translate into enhancements in both motor and cognitive functions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent findings highlighting the efficacy of probucol and probucol-related compounds in the context of various neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and cognitive impairment associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arazu Sharif
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - John Mamo
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Research, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Virginie Lam
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Armin Mooranian
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gerald F Watts
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Roger Clarnette
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Luna
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ryu Takechi
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
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4
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Takeo T, Miyake M, Mizuno H. Neuroprotective Effects of Probucol against Rotenone-Induced Toxicity via Suppression of Reactive Oxygen Species Production in SH-SY5Y Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:1154-1162. [PMID: 38880623 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b24-00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Probucol is a hyperlipidemic drug with antioxidant properties. It has been reported to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction, reduce oxidative stress, and suppress neurotoxicity in neurodegenerative disease models, including Parkinson's disease models. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of probucol have been not examined yet. Thus, in this study, we investigated whether probucol can alleviate the effects of a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, rotenone, on a human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y). We evaluated the cell viability and cytotoxicity and apoptosis rates of SH-SY5Y cells treated with rotenone and probucol or edaravone, a known free-radical scavenger. Subsequently, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the cells were evaluated to determine the effects of probucol on mitochondrial function. We found that rotenone caused cytotoxicity, cell apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced ROS generation, and impaired MMP. However, probucol could inhibit this rotenone-induced decrease in cell viability, MMP loss, intracellular ROS generation, and apoptosis. These results suggest that probucol exerts neuroprotective effects via MMP stabilization and the inhibition of ROS generation. Additionally, this effect of probucol was equal to or greater than and more persistent than that of edaravone. Thus, we believe probucol may be a promising drug for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsugumi Takeo
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | | | - Hideya Mizuno
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
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Chen CM, Gung PY, Ho YC, Hamdin CD, Yet SF. Probucol treatment after traumatic brain injury activates BDNF/TrkB pathway, promotes neuroregeneration and ameliorates functional deficits in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2605-2622. [PMID: 37263748 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, yet pharmacotherapies for TBI are currently lacking. Neuroregeneration is important in brain repair and functional recovery. In this study, probucol, a cholesterol-lowering drug with established safety profiles, was examined for its therapeutic effects and neuroregenerative actions in TBI. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male mice were subjected to the controlled cortical impact model of TBI, followed by daily administration of probucol. Neurological and cognitive functions were evaluated. Histological analyses of the neocortex and hippocampus were performed to detect the lesion, dendritic degeneration (microtubule-associated protein 2), synaptic density (synaptophysin), neurogenesis (doublecortin), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) activation. Involvement of BDNF/TrkB pathway in probucol-mediated effects was examined in primary cultures of cortical neurons. KEY RESULTS Probucol reduced brain lesion volume, enhanced the recovery of body symmetry, improved motor function and attenuated memory dysfunction after TBI. Meanwhile, probucol promoted post-injury dendritic growth and synaptogenesis and increased hippocampal proliferating neuronal progenitor cells, along with the formation as well as the survival of newborn neurons. Moreover, probucol enhances BDNF expression and TrkB activation. In vitro, probucol promoted neurite outgrowth, which was inhibited by a selective TrkB antagonist ANA-12. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Probucol enhanced functional restoration and ameliorated cognitive impairment after TBI by promoting post-injury neuronal remodelling and neurogenesis. Increased activation of BDNF/TrkB pathway by probucol, at least in part, contributed to the neuroregenerative effects of probucol. Together, it may be promising to repurpose probucol for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Mei Chen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Gung
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Ho
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Candra D Hamdin
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- National Health Research Institutes & Department of Life Sciences, National Central University Joint Ph.D. Program in Biomedicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Shaw-Fang Yet
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Khan FI, Ahmed Z. Experimental Treatments for Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cells 2022; 11:3409. [PMID: 36359804 PMCID: PMC9653737 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by a complex and prolonged injury process that exacerbates the damage induced by the primary injury and inhibits the potential for regeneration. SCI frequently results in the devastating loss of neurological functions and thus has serious consequences on patient quality of life. Current treatments are limited and focus on early interventions for the acute management of complications. Therefore, the development of novel treatments targeting ongoing injury processes is required to improve SCI outcomes. We aimed to systematically review studies published in the last 10 years that examined experimental treatments with neuroregenerative and neuroprotective capabilities for the improvement of SCI. We analyzed treatments from 44 studies that were identified through a systematic literature search using three databases: PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE (searched through Ovid). We performed a meta-analysis for Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotion test data and collected immunohistochemistry results to demonstrate neuroregenerative and neuroprotective properties of the treatments, respectively. The two treatments that illustrated the most significant improvements in functional recovery using the BBB test were the combined use of tetrahedral framework nucleic acid (tFNA) with neural stem cells (NSCs) and Fortasyn® Connect (FC) supplementation. Both treatments also attenuated secondary injury processes as demonstrated through immunohistochemistry. Combined tFNA with NSCs and FC supplementation are promising treatments for the improvement of SCI as they both demonstrate neuroregenerative and neuroprotective properties. Further pre-clinical testing is required to validate and determine the long-term efficacies of these treatments for the improvement of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farihah Iqbal Khan
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Trauma Sciences Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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7
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Beura SK, Dhapola R, Panigrahi AR, Yadav P, Reddy DH, Singh SK. Redefining oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease: Targeting platelet reactive oxygen species for novel therapeutic options. Life Sci 2022; 306:120855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Jiang T, He Y. Recent Advances in the Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid-2-Related Factor 2 in Spinal Cord Injury: Regulatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Options. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:851257. [PMID: 35754957 PMCID: PMC9226435 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.851257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a pleiotropic transcription factor, and it has been documented that it can induce defense mechanisms both oxidative stress and inflammatory injury. At present, more and more evidences show that the Nrf2 signaling pathway is a key pharmacological target for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI), and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway can effectively treat the inflammatory injury and oxidative stress after SCI. This article firstly introduces the biological studies of the Nrf2 pathway. Meanwhile, it is more powerful to explain that activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway can effectively treat SCI by deeply exploring the relationship between Nrf2 and oxidative stress, inflammatory injury, and SCI. In addition, several potential drugs for the treatment of SCI by promoting Nrf2 activation and Nrf2-dependent gene expression are reviewed. And some other treatment strategies of SCI by modulating the Nrf2 pathway are also summarized. It will provide new ideas and directions for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Jiang
- Graduate School of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China,Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongxiong He
- Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China,*Correspondence: Yongxiong He,
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El-Maadawy WH, Hassan M, Abdou RM, El-Dine RS, Aboushousha T, El-Tanbouly ND, El-Sayed AM. 6-Paradol alleviates Diclofenac-induced acute kidney injury via autophagy enhancement-mediated by AMPK/AKT/mTOR and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 91:103817. [PMID: 35091105 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DIC)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) causes high morbidity and mortality. With the absence of satisfactory treatment, we investigated the protective effects of 6-Paradol (PDL) against DIC-induced AKI, with focus on renal autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways . PDL has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and AMPK-activation properties. PDL was administered to DIC-challenged rats. Nephrotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammatory, and autophagy markers and histopathological examinations were evaluated. Compared to DIC, PDL restored serum nephrotoxicity, renal oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory markers. PDL almost restored renal architecture, upregulated renal Nrf2 pathway via enhancing Nrf2 mRNA expression and HO-1 levels. PDL suppressed renal NF-κB mRNA expression, and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway expression. Moreover, PDL enhanced renal autophagy through upregulating LC3B, AMPK and SIRT-1, and suppressed mTOR, p-AKT mRNA expressions and phosphorylated-p62 levels. Our study confirmed that autophagy suppression mediates DIC-induced AKI via AMPK/mTOR/AKT and NLRP3-inflammasome pathways. Also, PDL's nephroprotective effects could provide a promising therapeutic approach against DIC-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa H El-Maadawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza 12411, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Hassan
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Rabab M Abdou
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Riham S El-Dine
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Tarek Aboushousha
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Nebal D El-Tanbouly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Aly M El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Li R, Han J, Chen B, Shang J. Homeodomain Interacting Protein Kinase 2-Modified Rat Spinal Astrocytes Affect Neurofunctional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury. Curr Neurovasc Res 2022; 19:171-180. [PMID: 35652392 DOI: 10.2174/1567202619666220601111715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is regarded as an acute neurological disorder, and astrocytes play a role in the progression of SCI. OBJECTIVE Herein, we investigated the roles of homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2)- modified rat spinal astrocytes in neurofunctional recovery after SCI. METHODS Rat spinal astrocytes were cultured, isolated, and then identified through microscopic observation and immunofluorescence staining. Astrocytes were infected with the adenovirus vector overexpressing HIPK2 for modification, and proliferation and apoptosis of astrocytes were examined using Cell Counting Kit-8 method and flow cytometry. SCI rat models were established and treated with astrocytes or HIPK2-modified astrocytes. Subsequently, rat motor ability was analyzed via the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scoring and inclined-plane test, and the damage to spinal cord tissues and neuronal survival were observed via Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Nissl staining. The levels of HIPK2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and nuclear factor erythroid 2- related transcription factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway-related proteins were detected. RESULTS Rat spinal astrocytes were harvested successfully. HIPK2 overexpression accelerated the proliferation and repressed the apoptosis of rat spinal astrocytes. Rat spinal astrocytes treatment increased BBB points and the maximum angle at which SCI rats remained stable, ameliorated damage to spinal cord tissues, increased the number of neurons, and attenuated neural damage and inflammation, while the treatment of HIPK2-modified rat spinal astrocytes imparted more pronounced effects to the neurofunctional recovery of SCI rats. Meanwhile, HIPK2-modified rat spinal astrocytes further activated the Nrf2/ARE pathway. CONCLUSION HIPK2-modified rat spinal astrocytes facilitated neurofunctional recovery and activated the Nrf2/ARE pathway after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renbo Li
- Spinal and Trauma's Ward, The 3rd People Hospital of Dalian, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jian Han
- Spinal and Trauma's Ward, The 3rd People Hospital of Dalian, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Spinal and Trauma's Ward, The 3rd People Hospital of Dalian, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jingbo Shang
- Spinal and Trauma's Ward, The 3rd People Hospital of Dalian, Dalian 116000, China
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Glial Purinergic Signaling-Mediated Oxidative Stress (GPOS) in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1075440. [PMID: 35281471 PMCID: PMC8916856 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1075440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated in the progression of multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, and autism. However, whether glial purinergic signaling interaction with oxidative/antioxidative system displays an important role in neuropsychiatric disorders is still unclear. In this review, we firstly summarize the oxidative/antioxidative pathways shared in different glial cells and highlight the cell type-specific difference in response to OS. Then, we collect the evidence showing the regulation of purinergic signaling in OS with an emphasis on adenosine and its receptors, P2Y1 receptor in the P2Y family and P2X7receptor in the P2X family. Available data shows that the activation of P1 receptors and P2X accelerates the OS; reversely, the activation of the P2Y family (P2Y1) causes protective effect against OS. Finally, we discuss current findings demonstrating the contribution of the purinergic signaling system to neuropsychiatric disorders and point out the potential role of OS in this process to propose a “glial purinergic-oxidative stress” (“GPOS”) hypothesis for future development of therapeutic strategies against a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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12
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Lau M, Sealy B, Combes V, Morsch M, Garcia-Bennett AE. Enhanced Antioxidant Effects of the Anti-Inflammatory Compound Probucol when Released from Mesoporous Silica Particles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030502. [PMID: 35335878 PMCID: PMC8953917 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain endothelial cells mediate the function and integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB) by restricting its permeability and exposure to potential toxins. However, these cells are highly susceptible to cellular damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammation. Consequent disruption to the integrity of the BBB can lead to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Drug compounds with antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory properties therefore have the potential to preserve the structure and function of the BBB. In this work, we demonstrate the enhanced antioxidative effects of the compound probucol when loaded within mesoporous silica particles (MSP) in vitro and in vivo zebrafish models. The dissolution kinetics were significantly enhanced when released from MSPs. An increased reduction in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme activity and prostaglandin E2 production was measured in human brain endothelial cells treated with probucol-loaded MSPs. Furthermore, the LPS-induced permeability across an endothelial cell monolayer by paracellular and transcytotic mechanisms was also reduced at lower concentrations compared to the antioxidant ascorbic acid. Zebrafish pre-treated with probucol-loaded MSPs reduced hydrogen peroxide-induced ROS to control levels after 24-h incubation, at significantly lower concentrations than ascorbic acid. We provide compelling evidence that the encapsulation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds within MSPs can enhance their release, enhance their antioxidant effects properties, and open new avenues for the accelerated suppression of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lau
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Benjamin Sealy
- Malaria and Microvesicles Research Group, School of Life Science, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (B.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Valery Combes
- Malaria and Microvesicles Research Group, School of Life Science, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (B.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Marco Morsch
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Alfonso E. Garcia-Bennett
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia’s Bioactives (FAAB), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Derangula K, Javalgekar M, Kumar Arruri V, Gundu C, Kumar Kalvala A, Kumar A. Probucol attenuates NF-κB/NLRP3 signalling and augments Nrf-2 mediated antioxidant defence in nerve injury induced neuropathic pain. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 102:108397. [PMID: 34891000 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the most significant pathological drivers following nerve injury which along with immune cell activation, oxidative stress and other associated molecular mechanisms contribute to development of neuropathic pain characterized by hyperalgesia and allodynia. In the current study we have investigated the pharmacological effect of probucol (prb) using chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve induced neuropathic pain (NP) model in rats. CCI of sciatic nerve resulted in marked decrease in pain threshold along with perturbations in anti-oxidant defence, enhanced inflammatory mediators and abnormal foot posture. Administration of prb at the doses of 8 and 16 mg/kg, p.o. for 14 days significantly attenuated the behavioural, biochemical and functional deficits following CCI of sciatic nerve. To further explore the molecular mechanisms of prb, we assessed the post treatment levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers like NLRP3 inflammasome, NF-κB and associated proinflammatory molecules such as IL-1 β, TNF-α & IL-6 along with Nrf-2 and HO-1. Our findings demonstrated that CCI induced changes in levels of these markers were dose dependently reversed by administration of prb. Of note, at molecular level the elevated expression of transcription factors such as NF-κB which is crucial for Nlrp3 activation and diminished levels of Nrf-2 were manifested following CCI induction, these changes were markedly reversed with 14 days treatment of prb at both the doses. Our findings highlighted the dual pharmacological effect of prb, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant via modulation of NF-κB/NLRP3 signalling and Nrf-2 pathway in attenuation of CCI of sciatic nerve induced NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Derangula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Mohit Javalgekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Arruri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chayanika Gundu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Anil Kumar Kalvala
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Kolkata, Chunnilal Bhavan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Wu C, Zhang H, Hong H, Chen C, Chen J, Zhang J, Xue P, Jiang J, Cui Z. E3 ubiquitin ligase Triad1 promotes neuronal apoptosis by regulating the p53-caspase3 pathway after spinal cord injury. Somatosens Mot Res 2021; 39:21-28. [PMID: 34641746 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2021.1986385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spinal cord injury entails a high risk of major disability, but there is still no effective treatment for this condition. This study aims to explore the neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury, which is a key component of secondary injury processes, and plays a critical role in the development of neurological dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Triad1 and its interaction with p53 in the spinal cord after a spinal cord contusion injury in rats. We explored the regulation function of Triad1 to the neuronal apoptosis through p53-caspase3 pathway in primary neurons. RESULTS Triad1 was markedly up-regulated in the grey matter one day after injury, and the distribution and time point of Triad1 expression correlated with the presence of apoptotic neurons. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments further demonstrated that Triad1 interacted with p53 after spinal cord injury. Specific siRNA and overexpression plasmids for Triad1 were transfected into primary neurons, and the expression of both p53 and caspase3 was altered following the change of Triad1. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that Triad1 is involved in regulating the pathological process of neuronal apoptosis mediated by p53-caspase3 pathway after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunshuai Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyu Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Hong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chu Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Xue
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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15
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Tsay HJ, Liu HK, Kuo YH, Chiu CS, Liang CC, Chung CW, Chen CC, Chen YP, Shiao YJ. EK100 and Antrodin C Improve Brain Amyloid Pathology in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice by Promoting Microglial and Perivascular Clearance Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910413. [PMID: 34638752 PMCID: PMC8508921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the deposition of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). There are currently no drugs that can successfully treat this disease. This study first explored the anti-inflammatory activity of seven components isolated from Antrodia cinnamonmea in BV2 cells and selected EK100 and antrodin C for in vivo research. APPswe/PS1dE9 mice were treated with EK100 and antrodin C for one month to evaluate the effect of these reagents on AD-like pathology by nesting behavior, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblotting. Ergosterol and ibuprofen were used as control. EK100 and antrodin C improved the nesting behavior of mice, reduced the number and burden of amyloid plaques, reduced the activation of glial cells, and promoted the perivascular deposition of Aβ in the brain of mice. EK100 and antrodin C are significantly different in activating astrocytes, regulating microglia morphology, and promoting plaque-associated microglia to express oxidative enzymes. In contrast, the effects of ibuprofen and ergosterol are relatively small. In addition, EK100 significantly improved hippocampal neurogenesis in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Our data indicate that EK100 and antrodin C reduce the pathology of AD by reducing amyloid deposits and promoting nesting behavior in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice through microglia and perivascular clearance, indicating that EK100 and antrodin C have the potential to be used in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Jen Tsay
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Kang Liu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Program in Clinical Drug Development of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Sheng Chiu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Science, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Chiang Liang
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Wei Chung
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Chu Chen
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-P.C.)
| | - Yen-Po Chen
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-P.C.)
| | - Young-Ji Shiao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Program in Clinical Drug Development of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Science, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-28201999 (ext. 4171)
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Upadhayay S, Mehan S. Targeting Nrf2/HO-1 anti-oxidant signaling pathway in the progression of multiple sclerosis and influences on neurological dysfunctions. BRAIN DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2021.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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17
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Xin R, Qu D, Su S, Zhao B, Chen D. Downregulation of miR-23b by transcription factor c-Myc alleviates ischemic brain injury by upregulating Nrf2. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3659-3671. [PMID: 34512173 PMCID: PMC8416714 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.61399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic brain injury (IBI) is a common acute cerebral vessel disease that occurs secondary to blockage in arteries, mainly characterized by insufficient blood supply to the brain. The transcription factor c-Myc in IBI continues to be implicated in numerous studies. This study was conducted with emphasis placed on the underlying mechanism of c-Myc in IBI. Clinical samples were collected from IBI patients. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced in mice by inserting a suture from the external carotid artery to the anterior cerebral artery through the internal carotid artery to mechanically block the blood supply at the origin of the middle cerebral artery, and cortical neurons from mice were exposed to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions for IBI model in vitro construction. RT-qPCR was performed to determine microRNA-23b (miR-23b) expression. TUNEL staining and Western blot analysis was conducted to detect apoptosis. The regulatory relationship was analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. After loss- and gain-of-function assays, triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was carried out to detect the area of cerebral infarction, after which the spatial memory in mice was evaluated with Morris water maze test. As per our findings, miR-23b was upregulated in the serum of IBI patients and OGD-treated murine primary neurons. Silencing of miR-23b resulted in reduced OGD-induced neuronal apoptosis. miR-23b inversely targeted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and c-Myc negatively regulated miR-23b expression. Overexpression of c-Myc and inhibition of miR-23b led to reduced neurological scores of infarction area, neuronal apoptosis, shortened platform arrival time and significantly increased the time spent on the platform quadrant and the times of crossing the platform in vivo. Collectively, downregulated miR-23b by c-Myc might alleviate IBI by upregulating Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xin
- Jilin University, Changchun 130000, P. R. China
- Department of Radiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, P. R. China
| | - Danhua Qu
- Jilin University, Changchun 130000, P. R. China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Diseases, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Su
- Sinopec Research Institute of Safety Engineering, Qingdao 266000, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Jilin University, Changchun 130000, P. R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Jilin University, Changchun 130000, P. R. China
- Department of Radiation Protection, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, P. R. China
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18
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Mooranian A, Ionescu CM, Wagle SR, Kovacevic B, Walker D, Jones M, Chester J, Foster T, Johnston E, Mikov M, Atlas MD, Al-Salami H. Probucol Pharmacological and Bio-Nanotechnological Effects on Surgically Transplanted Graft Due to Powerful Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Fibrotic and Potential Bile Acid Modulatory Actions. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081304. [PMID: 34452266 PMCID: PMC8398853 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A major obstacle in islet transplantation and graft survival pre and post transplantation is islet apoptosis due to mainly inflammatory bio molecules released during islet harvesting and post graft transplantation and hence, subsequent graft fibrosis and failure. This study aimed to investigate if incorporation of the anti-inflammatory anti-hyperlipidaemic drug probucol (PB) would improve islet-graft survival and function, post transplantation in Type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS T1D was induced in mice, and biological profiles of the diabetic mice transplanted PB-microencapsulated islets harvested from healthy syngeneic mice were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Compared with sham (no PB), the treated group showed significant reduction in serum levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-12, interleukin-17, and tumour necrosis factor-α, accompanied by a 3-fold increase in survival duration, which suggests PB islet-protective effects, post transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Mooranian
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.I.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (M.J.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Corina Mihaela Ionescu
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.I.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (M.J.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Susbin Raj Wagle
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.I.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (M.J.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Bozica Kovacevic
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.I.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (M.J.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Daniel Walker
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.I.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (M.J.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Melissa Jones
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.I.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (M.J.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Jacqueline Chester
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.I.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (M.J.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Thomas Foster
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.I.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (M.J.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Edan Johnston
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.I.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (M.J.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21101 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Marcus D. Atlas
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.I.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (M.J.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-9266-9816; Fax: +61-8-9266-2769
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Richard SA, Sackey M. Elucidating the Pivotal Neuroimmunomodulation of Stem Cells in Spinal Cord Injury Repair. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9230866. [PMID: 34341666 PMCID: PMC8325586 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9230866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a distressing incident with abrupt onset of the motor as well as sensory dysfunction, and most often, the injury occurs as result of high-energy or velocity accidents as well as contact sports and falls in the elderly. The key challenges associated with nerve repair are the lack of self-repair as well as neurotrophic factors and primary and secondary neuronal apoptosis, as well as factors that prevent the regeneration of axons locally. Neurons that survive the initial traumatic damage may be lost due to pathogenic activities like neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Implanted stem cells are capable of differentiating into neural cells that replace injured cells as well as offer local neurotrophic factors that aid neuroprotection, immunomodulation, axonal sprouting, axonal regeneration, and remyelination. At the microenvironment of SCI, stem cells are capable of producing growth factors like brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor which triggers neuronal survival as well as axonal regrowth. Although stem cells have proven to be of therapeutic value in SCI, the major disadvantage of some of the cell types is the risk for tumorigenicity due to the contamination of undifferentiated cells prior to transplantation. Local administration of stem cells via either direct cellular injection into the spinal cord parenchyma or intrathecal administration into the subarachnoid space is currently the best transplantation modality for stem cells during SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seidu A. Richard
- Department of Medicine, Princefield University, P.O. Box MA128, Ho, Ghana
| | - Marian Sackey
- Department of Pharmacy, Ho Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box MA-374, Ho, Ghana
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A Review on Recent Advancement on Age-Related Hearing Loss: The Applications of Nanotechnology, Drug Pharmacology, and Biotechnology. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071041. [PMID: 34371732 PMCID: PMC8309044 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered a contributing factor to many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and hearing loss. Age-related hearing loss, also termed presbycusis, is one of the most common sensory impairments worldwide, affecting one in five people over 50 years of age, and this prevalence is growing annually. Associations have emerged between presbycusis and detrimental health outcomes, including social isolation and mental health. It remains largely untreatable apart from hearing aids, and with no globally established prevention strategies in the clinical setting. Hence, this review aims to explore the pathophysiology of presbycusis and potential therapies, based on a recent advancement in bile acid-based bio-nanotechnologies. A comprehensive online search was carried out using the following keywords: presbycusis, drugs, hearing loss, bile acids, nanotechnology, and more than 150 publications were considered directly relevant. Evidence of the multifaceted oxidative stress and chronic inflammation involvement in cellular damage and apoptosis that is associated with a loss of hair cells, damaged and inflamed stria vascularis, and neuronal signalling loss and apoptosis continues to emerge. New robust and effective therapies require drug delivery deeper into the various layers of the cochlea. Bile acid-based nanotechnology has gained wide interest in its permeation-enhancing ability and potential for numerous applications in treating presbycusis.
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Zhang KQ, Tian T, Hu LL, Wang HR, Fu Q. Effect of probucol on autophagy and apoptosis in the penile tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Asian J Androl 2021; 22:409-413. [PMID: 31464204 PMCID: PMC7406090 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_89_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis have been regarded as important processes in the development of diabetic erectile dysfunction (DMED). Probucol is considered to have anti-apoptotic effects, but its relationship with autophagy has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of probucol on erectile function. Thirty Sprague–Dawley (SD) male rats (12 weeks old) were fasted for 12 h. Twenty SD rats were injected with a single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg kg−1 streptozotocin (STZ). Ten rats were given vehicle only and used as a sham group. After 72 h, 20 STZ-treated rats with random blood glucose concentrations consistently greater than 16.7 mmol l−1 were used as successfully established diabetic rats. The diabetic rats were divided randomly into two groups and treated with a daily gavage of probucol at a dose of 0 or 500 mg kg−1 for 12 weeks. After treatment, the intracavernous pressure (ICP) was used to measure erectile function upon electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve. After euthanasia, penile tissue was examined using immunohistochemistry and Western blot to assess the protein levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), BCL2-associated X (Bax), microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3-II), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and sequestosome 1 (P62). Caspase-3 activity was measured to determine apoptosis using a caspase-3 assay kit. After 12 weeks of treatment, the erectile function of the probucol group was significantly better than that of the DM group (P < 0.05). Bax and LC3-II protein expression and caspase-3 activity were significantly lower in the probucol group than those in the DM group (all P < 0.05), while Bcl-2, mTOR, and P62 protein expression levels were significantly higher than those in the DM group (all P < 0.05). We demonstrated that probucol inhibited apoptosis and autophagy in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Qin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Urology, Shandong Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang 277000, China
| | - Liang-Liang Hu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang 277000, China
| | - Hao-Ran Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
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Zhang Q, Xiong Y, Li B, Deng GY, Fu WW, Cao BC, Zong SH, Zeng GF. Total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves promote motor function recovery via inhibition of apoptosis after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:350-356. [PMID: 32859797 PMCID: PMC7896213 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.286975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have been reported to have therapeutic potential for spinal cord injury. Hawthorn leaves have abundant content and species of total flavonoids, and studies of the effects of the total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves on spinal cord injury have not been published in or outside China. Therefore, Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish a spinal cord injury model by Allen’s method. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2 mL of different concentrations of total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) after spinal cord injury. Injections were administered once every 6 hours, three times a day, for 14 days. After treatment with various concentrations of total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves, the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores and histological staining indicated decreases in the lesion cavity and number of apoptotic cells of the injured spinal cord tissue; the morphological arrangement of the myelin sheath and nerve cells tended to be regular; and the Nissl bodies in neurons increased. The Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores of treated spinal cord injury rats were increased. Western blot assays showed that the expression levels of pro-apoptotic Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were decreased, but the expression level of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein was increased. The improvement of the above physiological indicators showed a dose-dependent relationship with the concentration of total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves. The above findings confirm that total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves can reduce apoptosis and exert neuroprotective effects to promote the recovery of the motor function of rats with spinal cord injury. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Guangxi Medical University of China (approval No. 201810042) in October 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yin Xiong
- School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Gui-Ying Deng
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wen-Wen Fu
- School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Bai-Chuan Cao
- Department of Spine Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shao-Hui Zong
- Department of Spine Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University; Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Gao-Feng Zeng
- School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Nejati K, Mehdi D, Ghareghomi S, Mostafavi E, Ebrahimi-Kalan A, Biglari A, Alizadeh E, Mortazavi Y, Zarghami N. GDNF gene-engineered adipose-derived stem cells seeded Emu oil-loaded electrospun nanofibers for axonal regeneration following spinal cord injury. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Probucol Protects Neuronal Cells Against Peroxide-Induced Damage and Directly Activates Glutathione Peroxidase-1. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3245-3257. [PMID: 32506382 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Experimental evidence has shown that probucol, a hypocholesterolemic agent, is also able to increase glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the mechanism(s) involved in this event. In this study, in vitro experiments with purified GPx1 from bovine erythrocytes and cultured SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, as well as in silico studies with GPx1, were performed in order to elucidate mechanisms mediating the stimulatory effect of probucol on GPx activity and to investigate the relevance of this event in terms of susceptibility against peroxide-induced cytotoxicity. In vitro experiments with purified GPx1 showed a direct stimulatory effect of probucol on the activity of GPx1, which was related to an increase in Vmax with no changes in KM. Probucol also increased GPx activity in cultured SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, while the levels of GPx1 expression were not changed, corroborating the results found with the purified enzyme. In addition, probucol rendered SH-SY5Y cells more resistant to hydroperoxide-induced cytotoxicity, and this event was abolished in GPx1 knocked-down cells. In silico studies with GPx1 pointed to a potential binding site for probucol at the close vicinity of the GSH pocket. Collectively, the results presented herein indicate that GPx1 plays a central role in the probucol-induced protective effects against peroxide toxicity. This highlights a novel target (GPx1) and a new mechanism of action (direct activation) for an "old drug." The relevance of such results for in vivo conditions deserves further investigation.
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Song W, Yin W, Ding L, Gao Y, Xu J, Yang Y, He X, Gong P, Wei L, Chen W, Zhang J. Vinpocetine reduces cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury through inhibition of NF-κB pathway and activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway in rats. Int Urol Nephrol 2020; 52:1389-1401. [PMID: 32418008 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is a complex clinical disease that is associated with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality. Drug-induced acute kidney injury occurs in approximately 19-33% of hospitalized patients. Cisplatin, one of the most commonly used and effective chemotherapeutic drugs not only exerts anti-tumor effects but also causes renal toxicity damage, affecting its clinical application. Vinpocetine is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drug that predominately acts in the nervous system. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of vinpocetine in an animal model of cisplatin-induced acute renal injury. Rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups. During a 10-day trial, rats in the control group were administered a physiological saline solution; rats in the model group received a 5 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin; and rats in the cisplatin + vinpocetine group received a 5 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin as well as a 5 mg/kg dose of vinpocetine via gavage. We observed that following cisplatin administration, the rats exhibited an increase in blood urea and creatinine levels as well as an increase in their inflammation and oxidative stress levels. In renal tissue, cisplatin caused the morphological changes typical of acute tubular injury. Vinpocetine reduced the cisplatin-induced acute renal function damage and tubular injury. In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, we found that vinpocetine can confer protection of rat renal cells by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Therefore, vinpocetine is a promising therapeutic drug for the treatment of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Song
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Weinan Yin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - JingJing Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Pengju Gong
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- Division of Nephrology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China.
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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González-Guevara E, Cárdenas G, Pérez-Severiano F, Martínez-Lazcano JC. Dysregulated Brain Cholesterol Metabolism Is Linked to Neuroinflammation in Huntington's Disease. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1113-1127. [PMID: 32410324 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease is an autosomal-dominant, neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in exon-1 of the huntingtin gene. Alterations in cholesterol metabolism and distribution have been reported in Huntington's disease, including abnormal interactions between mutant huntingtin and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, decreased levels of apolipoprotein E/cholesterol/low-density lipoprotein receptor complexes, and alterations in the synthesis of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. Plasma levels of 24S-hydroxycholestrol, a key intermediary in cholesterol metabolism and a possible marker in neurodegenerative diseases, decreased proportionally to the degree of caudate nucleus atrophy. The interaction of mutant huntingtin with sterol regulatory element-binding proteins is of particular interest given that sterol regulatory element-binding proteins play a dual role: They take part in lipid and cholesterol metabolism, but also in the inflammatory response that induces immune cell migration as well as toxic effects, particularly in astrocytes. This work summarizes current evidence on the metabolic and immune implications of sterol regulatory element-binding protein dysregulation in Huntington's disease, highlighting the potential use of drugs that modulate these alterations. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith González-Guevara
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Graciela Cárdenas
- Departamento de Neurología y Enfermedades Neuro-Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisca Pérez-Severiano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Martínez-Lazcano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS", Mexico City, Mexico
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Probucol Prevents Diabetes-Induced Retinal Neuronal Degeneration through Upregulating Nrf2. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3862509. [PMID: 32149102 PMCID: PMC7042517 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3862509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight-threatening complication of diabetes. This study investigated the therapeutic effect of probucol in a mouse model of diabetic retinopathy. C57BL/6 mice were rendered diabetic through Streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneal injection. Mice were treated with probucol (150 mg/kg, gavage administration) or vehicle (DMSO) for 12 weeks. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus photography (FP), and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were conducted to evaluate retinal structure and damage. Eyes were collected for histology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, apoptotic cells count, and western blot. After STZ injection, all mice developed hyperglycemia. Compared with the retina of the control group, the retina of diabetic mice showed enhanced arterial reflex and beaded vein dilatation. Besides, reduced inner and middle retinal thickness and significantly fewer nuclei were found in diabetic retina. Moreover, the diabetic retina also presented increased ROS generation and more TUNEL-positive cells. Probucol treatment prevented diabetes-induced lesions. In addition, the treatment also upregulated Nrf2 expression in diabetic retina. It was suggested that probucol attenuated diabetes-induced retinal neuronal degeneration via upregulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway possibly. Probucol may be repurposed for DR management.
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Metformin Promotes Axon Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury through Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Stabilizing Microtubule. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9741369. [PMID: 31998447 PMCID: PMC6969994 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9741369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease that may lead to lifelong disability. Thus, seeking for valid drugs that are beneficial to promoting axonal regrowth and elongation after SCI has gained wide attention. Metformin, a glucose-lowering agent, has been demonstrated to play roles in various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, the potential protective effect of metformin on nerve regeneration after SCI is still unclear. In this study, we found that the administration of metformin improved functional recovery after SCI through reducing neuronal cell apoptosis and repairing neurites by stabilizing microtubules via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway with LY294002 partly reversed the therapeutic effects of metformin on SCI in vitro and vivo. Furthermore, metformin treatment weakened the excessive activation of oxidative stress and improved the mitochondrial function by activating the nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription and binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE). Moreover, treatment with Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 partially abolished its antioxidant effect. We also found that the Nrf2 transcription was partially reduced by LY294002 in vitro. Taken together, these results revealed that the role of metformin in nerve regeneration after SCI was probably related to stabilization of microtubules and inhibition of the excessive activation of Akt-mediated Nrf2/ARE pathway-regulated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Overall, our present study suggests that metformin administration may provide a potential therapy for SCI.
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Lin X, Zhu J, Ni H, Rui Q, Sha W, Yang H, Li D, Chen G. Treatment With 2-BFI Attenuated Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Apoptosis via the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:567. [PMID: 31920564 PMCID: PMC6932985 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reports showed that 2-(-2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline (2-BFI) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects on neuroprotection in numerous disorders. However, the precise mechanisms remain elusive. The nuclear factor c factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway plays an important and essential role in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses of the cell. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of 2-BFI in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI) and to determine whether its neuroprotective effects are associated with the activation of Nrf2. To test this hypothesis, we examined the potential roles of 2-BFI in SCI models which were established in rats using a clip-compression injury method. Our results showed that treatment with 2-BFI twice daily improved locomotion recovery from SCI, which increased Nrf2 expression in both neurons and astrocytes, meanwhile, the level of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) also significantly enhanced. In addition, after the treatment with 2-BFI increased levels of superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) indicated the antioxidant effect of the drug. Furthermore, the upregulation of Bcl-2 and downregulation of Bax and caspase-3 implied antiapoptotic effects on neuroprotection of 2-BFI, which were verified by the Fluoro-Jade B (FJB) staining and TUNEL staining. Collectively, these results add to a growing body of evidence supporting that 2-BFI may attenuate SCI mediated by activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Haibo Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Qin Rui
- Department of Laboratory, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Weiping Sha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Huang JL, Yu C, Su M, Yang SM, Zhang F, Chen YY, Liu JY, Jiang YF, Zhong ZG, Wu DP. Probucol, a "non-statin" cholesterol-lowering drug, ameliorates D-galactose induced cognitive deficits by alleviating oxidative stress via Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8542-8555. [PMID: 31590160 PMCID: PMC6814622 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a vital role in the initiation and progression of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Ameliorating oxidative damage is therefore considered as a beneficial strategy for the treatment of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Probucol (Prob), a lipid-lowering prototype agent, was reported to treat cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus. However, whether Prob has an effect on age-related neurodegenerative diseases remains unknown. In the study, it was found that Prob ameliorated D-galactose (D-gal) induced cognitive deficits and neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA1 region. Moreover, Prob alleviated ROS and MDA levels by elevating SOD, GSH-PX and HO-1 mRNA and protein expressions, and improving plasmic and cerebral SOD and GSH-PX activities in D-gal treated mice. Furthermore, Prob promoted the dissociation of Keap1/Nrf2 complex leading to the accumulation of Nrf2 in nucleus, implying that the improved anti-oxidant property of Prob is mediated by Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. The study firstly demonstrates the favorable effects of Prob against cognitive impairments in a senescent mouse model, rendering this compound a promising agent for the treatment or prevention of age-related neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Min Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Si-Man Yang
- Scientific research center of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Scientific research center of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Yi-Fan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Zhong
- Scientific research center of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Deng-Pan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
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Sesamin Enhances Nrf2-Mediated Protective Defense against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Colitis via AKT and ERK Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2432416. [PMID: 31534619 PMCID: PMC6732632 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2432416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a major form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with high incidence and prevalence in many countries. Patients with UC usually suffer from a lifetime of debilitating physical symptoms. Therefore, developing effective therapeutic strategy that can manage this disease better and improve patients' life quality is in urgent need. Sesamin (SSM) is a lignan derived from sesame seeds. In this study, the protective effect of SSM against UC and the underlying mechanism were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Our data showed that SSM protected Caco-2 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury via GSH-mediated scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dual luciferase reporter assay showed that the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was significantly increased by SSM, and the ability of SSM to activate Nrf2-targeted genes was further confirmed in Caco-2 cells using western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In contrast, Nrf2 knockdown abolished the protective effect of SSM. Additionally, we found that SSM also activated advanced protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in Caco-2 cells, while either AKT or ERK inhibition can prevent SSM-mediated nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Furthermore, SSM displayed a better protective effect against dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced UC compared with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) in C57BL/6 mice. The enhanced Nrf2 signaling and activated AKT/ERK were also observed in the colon of mice after SSM administration. These results first demonstrate the protective effect of SSM against UC and indicate that the effect is associated with AKT/ERK activation and subsequent Nrf2 signaling enhancement. This study provides a new insight into the medicinal value of SSM and proposes it as a new natural nutrition for better managing the symptoms of UC.
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Zhou X, Ai S, Chen Z, Li C. Probucol promotes high glucose-induced proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by reducing reactive oxygen species generation in Müller cells. Int Ophthalmol 2019; 39:2833-2842. [PMID: 31144240 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-019-01130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the protective effect of probucol on human retinal Müller cells cultured in high glucose. METHODS Primary Müller cells from human retinas were cultured in complete DMEM. Third-generation Müller cells were identified using glutamine synthetase (GS) antibody and randomly divided into three groups: normoglycemia (NG, 5.5 mmol/L); hyperglycemia (HG, 30 mmol/L); and hyperglycemia (30 mmol/L) with probucol (10 μmol/L; HGPB). After a 24-h intervention, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured with a CCK-8 kit, flow cytometry, and DCFH-DA probe, respectively. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) protein expression were detected by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS For NG, HG, and HGPB, optical density (OD) values for cell proliferation were 0.98 ± 0.23, 0.58 ± 0.11, and 0.73 ± 0.11; apoptotic rates were 2.79 ± 0.52%, 7.70 ± 0.44%, and 4.00 ± 0.95%; and intracellular ROS were 20.89 ± 5.14, 55.17 ± 14.07, and 26.28 ± 4.73, respectively. Compared to NG, OD was markedly decreased (P < 0.01), apoptosis was increased (P < 0.001), and intracellular ROS level was significantly higher than in HG (P < 0.01). Compared to HG, OD was markedly increased (P < 0.01), apoptosis was meaningfully decreased (P < 0.01), and intracellular ROS level was significantly lower than in HGPB (P < 0.01). GS, Keap1, Nrf2, and GCLC had positive expression. CONCLUSIONS Probucol could inhibit intracellular ROS generation, promote proliferation, and decrease apoptosis of human retinal Müller cells cultured in high glucose. This might also be associated with Keap1/Nrf2/ARE oxidative stress signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxia Zhou
- AIER School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410015, Hunan Province, China
| | - ShiBei Ai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - ZhongPing Chen
- AIER School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410015, Hunan Province, China. .,Department of Fundus Oculi, AIER Eye Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, 410015, Hunan Province, China.
| | - ChenXiang Li
- AIER School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410015, Hunan Province, China
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Daicheng H, Shiwen X, Huaping Z, Yong L, Qianqian Z, Changxia H. Fangchinoline Ameliorates the Expressions of Angiogenic Molecule in Cerebral Ischemia Induced Neuronal Degeneration in Neonatal Rats. Transl Neurosci 2019; 9:117-122. [PMID: 30687543 PMCID: PMC6341909 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2018-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Present investigation evaluates the beneficial effect of fangchinoline on cerebral ischemia induced neuronal degeneration in neonatal rats and also postulates the possible mechanism of its action. Methodology Cerebral ischemia was produced by the ligation of right common carotid artery in neonatal rats on postnatal day 5 (P5) and further pups were treated with fangchinoline 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p. for the period of 3 days. Effect of fangchinoline was estimated by determining the brain injury and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used for the estimation of pro-inflammatory mediators and markers of oxidative stress in the cerebral tissues of neonatal rats. Moreover western blot assay and histopathology study was also performed on the brain tissue. Results Result of this investigation reveals that the percentage of brain injury significantly reduces and enhancement of myelin basic protein in the cerebral tissues of fangchinoline than ischemic group. Treatment with fangchinoline attenuates the altered level of proinflammatory mediators and markers of oxidative stress in the cerebral tissue of cerebral ischemia induced neuronal injury neonatal rats. Moreover expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthtase (iNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), p53 and nuclear receptor factor-2 (Nrf2) in the brain tissue attenuated by fangchinoline treated group. Conclusion In conclusion, fangchinoline ameliorates the cerebral ischemia induced neuronal injury in neonatal rats by enhancing angiogenesis molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Daicheng
- Department of Neonatology, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xia Shiwen
- Department of Neonatology, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zhu Huaping
- Department of Neonatology, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Liu Yong
- Department of Neonatology, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zhou Qianqian
- Department of Neonatology, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Hu Changxia
- Department of Neonatology, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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Li XG, Du JH, Lu Y, Lin XJ. Neuroprotective effects of rapamycin on spinal cord injury in rats by increasing autophagy and Akt signaling. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:721-727. [PMID: 30632514 PMCID: PMC6352584 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.247476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin treatment has been shown to increase autophagy activity and activate Akt phosphorylation, suppressing apoptosis in several models of ischemia reperfusion injury. However, little has been studied on the neuroprotective effects on spinal cord injury by activating Akt phosphorylation. We hypothesized that both effects of rapamycin, the increased autophagy activity and Akt signaling, would contribute to its neuroprotective properties. In this study, a compressive spinal cord injury model of rat was created by an aneurysm clip with a 30 g closing force. Rat models were intraperitoneally injected with rapamycin 1 mg/kg, followed by autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine 2.5 mg/kg and Akt inhibitor IV 1 µg/kg. Western blot assay, immunofluorescence staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay were used to observe the expression of neuronal autophagy molecule Beclin 1, apoptosis-related molecules Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-3 and Akt signaling. Our results demonstrated that rapamycin inhibited the expression of mTOR in injured spinal cord tissue and up-regulated the expression of Beclin 1 and phosphorylated-Akt. Rapamycin prevented the decrease of bcl-2 expression in injured spinal cord tissue, reduced Bax, cytochrome c and caspase-3 expression levels and reduced the number of apoptotic neurons in injured spinal cord tissue 24 hours after spinal cord injury. 3-Methyladenine and Akt inhibitor IV intervention suppressed the expression of Beclin-1 and phosphorylated-Akt in injured spinal cord tissue and reduced the protective effect of rapamycin on apoptotic neurons. The above results indicate that the neuroprotective effect of rapamycin on spinal cord injury rats can be achieved by activating autophagy and the Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Gong Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun-Hua Du
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiang-Jin Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Hu LL, Zhang KQ, Tian T, Zhang H, Fu Q. Probucol improves erectile function via Activation of Nrf2 and coordinates the HO-1 / DDAH / PPAR-γ/ eNOS pathways in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 507:9-14. [PMID: 30454888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic erectile dysfunction (DMED) is mainly attributed to oxidative stress, and Nrf2 plays an important role in cellular antioxidation and regulates NO production in the vascular endothelium. Probucol maintains endothelial function through its antioxidant activity. This study investigated the efficacy and mechanism of probucol in improving erectile function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS In our study, thirty 12-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were fasted for 12 h. All rats received a 1-time injection of intraperitoneal streptozotocin(60 mg/kg) or vehicle. After 72 h, STZ-treated rats (with random blood glucose concentrations consistently greater than 16.7 mmol/L) were considered diabetic. The diabetic rats were randomly assigned into 2 groups and treated with daily gavage feedings of probucol at doses of 0 and 500 mg/kg for 12 weeks. A positive control group underwent intraperitoneal injection of normal saline followed by daily gavage of saline solution. Erectile function was assessed by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerves with real-time intracavernous pressure measurement. After euthanasia, penile tissue was investigated using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and ELISA to assess the proteins of Nrf2/HO-1/DDAH/PPAR-γ/eNOS pathways. RESULTS After treatment, the rats in the probucol group presented significantly improved erectile function (P < 0.05) than that of the diabetic group without probucol treatment (DM). Also, protein expression of Nrf2, DDAH, PPAR-γ, HO-1 and eNOS was significantly higher than that of the DM group (P < 0.05). CGMP concentrations and SOD concentrations of probucol-treated rats were higher than those of DM group (P < 0.05). The MDA levels and ADMA levels were significantly lower than those of DM group rats (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Probucol can improve erectile function via activation of Nrf2, which coordinates the HO-1/DDAH/PPAR-γ/eNOS pathways in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Liang Hu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China; Department of Urology, Shandong Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Urology, Shandong Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
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Bai S, Zhou H, Wu L. Bone marrow stromal cells improved functional recovery in spinal cord injury rats partly via the Toll-like receptor-4/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:444-448. [PMID: 30651819 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in inflammation, and TLR4, which is an inflammatory factor, has an important role in the pathological injury that occurs following SCI. Recently, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have been demonstrated to be a novel treatment in SCI. However, the underlying mechanism of neuroprotection in SCI by BMSCs remains unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of BMSCs in SCI by analysis of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression. The present results demonstrated that BMSC transplantation promoted functional recovery and tissue repair in SCI rats. Interestingly, it also reduced the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB after SCI. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that BMSCs downregulated the expression of apoptosis factor caspase-12 in the SCI rat model. The present results demonstrated that BMSCs may have incorporated into the spinal cord to improve locomotor function after SCI, partly via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to determine that BMSCs prevented secondary injury and enhanced functional recovery in SCI via inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Bai
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhou
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317000, P.R. China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
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Zhou X, Shi G, Fan B, Cheng X, Zhang X, Wang X, Liu S, Hao Y, Wei Z, Wang L, Feng S. Polycaprolactone electrospun fiber scaffold loaded with iPSCs-NSCs and ASCs as a novel tissue engineering scaffold for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6265-6277. [PMID: 30349249 PMCID: PMC6186894 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s175914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a traumatic disease of the central nervous system, accompanied with high incidence and high disability rate. Tissue engineering scaffold can be used as therapeutic systems to provide effective repair for SCI. Purpose In this study, a novel tissue engineering scaffold has been synthesized in order to explore the effect of nerve repair on SCI. Patients and methods Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds loaded with actived Schwann cells (ASCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells -derived neural stem cells (iPSC-NSCs), a combined cell transplantation strategy, were prepared and characterized. The cell-loaded PCL scaffolds were further utilized for the treatment of SCI in vivo. Histological observation, behavioral evaluation, Western-blot and qRT-PCR were used to investigate the nerve repair of Wistar rats after scaffold transplantation. Results The iPSCs displayed similar characteristics to embryonic stem cells and were efficiently differentiated into neural stem cells in vitro. The obtained PCL scaffolds werê0.5 mm in thickness with biocompatibility and biodegradability. SEM results indicated that the ASCs and (or) iPS-NSCs grew well on PCL scaffolds. Moreover, transplantation reduced the volume of lesion cavity and improved locomotor recovery of rats. In addition, the degree of spinal cord recovery and remodeling maybe closely related to nerve growth factor and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor. In summary, our results demonstrated that tissue engineering scaffold treatment could increase tissue remodeling and could promote motor function recovery in a transection SCI model. Conclusion This study provides preliminary evidence for using tissue engineering scaffold as a clinically viable treatment for SCI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- XianHu Zhou
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - GuiDong Shi
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - BaoYou Fan
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China, .,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xin Cheng
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China, .,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - XiaoLei Zhang
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China, .,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xu Wang
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China, .,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Shen Liu
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China, .,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yan Hao
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China, .,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - ZhiJian Wei
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China, .,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - LianYong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - ShiQing Feng
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China, .,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
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Leu SY, Tsai YC, Chen WC, Hsu CH, Lee YM, Cheng PY. Raspberry ketone induces brown-like adipocyte formation through suppression of autophagy in adipocytes and adipose tissue. J Nutr Biochem 2018. [PMID: 29525531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Promoting white adipose tissue (WAT) to acquire brown-like characteristics is a promising approach for obesity treatment. Although raspberry ketone (RK) has been reported to possess antiobesity activity, its effects on the formation of brown-like adipocytes remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanism of RK on WAT browning in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and rats with ovariectomy (Ovx)-induced obesity. RK (100 μM) significantly induced browning of 3T3-L1 cells by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and the expression of browning-specific proteins (PR domain containing 16, PRDM16; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, PGC-1α; uncoupling protein-1, UCP-1) and lipolytic enzymes (hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase). RK significantly reduced the expression of the autophagy-related protein Atg12 and increased the expression of p62 and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Additionally, these effects of RK were reversed by the HO-1 inhibitor SnPP (20 μM). In addition, RK (160 mg/kg, gavage, for 8 weeks) significantly reduced body weight gain (Ovx+RK, 191.8 ± 4.6 g vs. Ovx, 223.6 ± 5.9; P < .05), food intake, the amount of inguinal adipose tissue (Ovx+RK, 9.05 ± 1.1 g vs Ovx, 12.9 ± 0.92 g; P < .05) and the size of white adipocytes in Ovx rats. Moreover, compared to expression in the Ovx group, the levels of browning-specific proteins were significantly higher and the levels of autophagy-related proteins were significantly lower in the Ovx+RK group. Therefore, this study elucidated the mechanism associated with RK-induced WAT browning and thus provides evidence to support the clinical use of RK for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sy-Ying Leu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan; Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei; Department of Sport Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiung Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Mei Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yun Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lu T, Wu X, Wei N, Liu X, Zhou Y, Shang C, Duan Y, Dong Y. Lipoxin A4 protects against spinal cord injury via regulating Akt/nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:905-910. [PMID: 29136768 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating physical trauma worldwide. The mechanisms of SCI are still not clear and the effective treatment is limited. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) possesses anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. The present study was designed to further evaluate the molecular mechanisms of LXA4-induced protective effects in a rat model of SCI. We found that LXA4 increased Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scores, increased mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to a radiant heat, reduced the lesion volume, decreased Bax mRNA expression and increased Bcl-2 expression after SCI. The phosphorylation of Akt and protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 were reduced after SCI. LXA4 treatment significantly inhibited the reduction of Akt phosphorylation and Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression. Injection of LY294002 notably inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, and the expression of total Akt and Nrf2 and HO-1 after SCI in LXA4-treated rats. LY294002 prohibited LXA4-induced effects after SCI. shNrf2 injection markedly decreased both Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in LXA4-treated rats after SCI. ZnPP notably decreased HO-1 expression but did not markedly affect Nrf2 expression. shNrf2 and ZnPP prohibited LXA4-induced increase of BBB scores, and PWT and PWL, decrease of lesion volume of spinal cord, reduction of Bax expression and increase of Bcl-2 expression. The results indicate that LXA4 protects against SCI through Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. The data provide novel insights into the mechanisms of LXA4-mediated neuprotective effects against SCI and suggest that LXA4 may be a potential therapeutic agent for SCI and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Lu
- The Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China; The Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, Henan, China
| | - Xuejian Wu
- The Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Na Wei
- The Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaotan Liu
- The Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, Henan, China
| | - Yingfeng Zhou
- The Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, Henan, China
| | - Chunfeng Shang
- The Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yongzhuang Duan
- The Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yuzhen Dong
- The Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, Henan, China
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Chen ZW, Miu HF, Wang HP, Wu ZN, Wang WJ, Ling YJ, Xu XH, Sun HJ, Jiang X. Pterostilbene protects against uraemia serum-induced endothelial cell damage via activation of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Int Urol Nephrol 2017; 50:559-570. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-017-1734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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