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Monti M, Ferrari G, Gazzurelli L, Bugatti M, Facchetti F, Vermi W. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells at the forefront of anti-cancer immunity: rewiring strategies for tumor microenvironment remodeling. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:196. [PMID: 39020402 PMCID: PMC11253500 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are multifaceted immune cells executing various innate immunological functions. Their first line of defence consists in type I interferons (I-IFN) production upon nucleic acids sensing through endosomal Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7- and 9-dependent signalling pathways. Type I IFNs are a class of proinflammatory cytokines that have context-dependent functions on cancer immunosurveillance and immunoediting. In the last few years, different studies have reported that pDCs are also able to sense cytosolic DNA through cGAS-STING (stimulator of interferon genes) pathway eliciting a potent I-IFN production independently of TLR7/9. Human pDCs are also endowed with direct effector functions via the upregulation of TRAIL and production of granzyme B, the latter modulated by cytokines abundant in cancer tissues. pDCs have been detected in a wide variety of human malignant neoplasms, including virus-associated cancers, recruited by chemotactic stimuli. Although the role of pDCs in cancer immune surveillance is still uncompletely understood, their spontaneous activation has been rarely documented; moreover, their presence in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been associated with a tolerogenic phenotype induced by immunosuppressive cytokines or oncometabolites. Currently tested treatment options can lead to pDCs activation and disruption of the immunosuppressive TME, providing a relevant clinical benefit. On the contrary, the antibody-drug conjugates targeting BDCA-2 on immunosuppressive tumor-associated pDCs (TA-pDCs) could be proposed as novel immunomodulatory therapies to achieve disease control in patients with advance stage hematologic malignancies or solid tumors. This Review integrate recent evidence on the biology of pDCs and their pharmacological modulation, suggesting their relevant role at the forefront of cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Ferrari
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Gazzurelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabio Facchetti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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Wang D, Mahmud I, Thakur VS, Kiat Tan S, Isom DG, Lombard DB, Gonzalgo ML, Kryvenko ON, Lorenzi PL, Tcheuyap VT, Brugarolas J, Welford SM. GPR1 and CMKLR1 Control Lipid Metabolism to Support the Development of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2024; 84:2141-2154. [PMID: 38640229 PMCID: PMC11290988 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common type of kidney cancer, is largely incurable in the metastatic setting. ccRCC is characterized by excessive lipid accumulation that protects cells from stress and promotes tumor growth, suggesting that the underlying regulators of lipid storage could represent potential therapeutic targets. Here, we evaluated the regulatory roles of GPR1 and CMKLR1, two G protein-coupled receptors of the protumorigenic adipokine chemerin that is involved in ccRCC lipid metabolism. Both genetic and pharmacologic suppression of either receptor suppressed lipid formation and induced multiple forms of cell death, including apoptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy, thereby significantly impeding ccRCC growth in cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models. Comprehensive lipidomic and transcriptomic profiling of receptor competent and depleted cells revealed overlapping and unique signaling of the receptors granting control over triglyceride synthesis, ceramide production, and fatty acid saturation and class production. Mechanistically, both receptors enforced suppression of adipose triglyceride lipase, but each receptor also demonstrated distinct functions, such as the unique ability of CMKLR1 to control lipid uptake through regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c and the CD36 scavenger receptor. Treating patient-derived xenograft models with the CMKLR1-targeting small molecule 2-(α-naphthoyl) ethyltrimethylammonium iodide (α-NETA) led to a dramatic reduction in tumor growth, lipid storage, and clear-cell morphology. Together, these findings provide mechanistic insights into lipid regulation in ccRCC and identify a targetable axis at the core of the histologic definition of this tumor that could be exploited therapeutically. Significance: Extracellular control of lipid accumulation via G protein receptor-mediated cell signaling is a metabolic vulnerability in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, which depends on lipid storage to avoid oxidative toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Iqbal Mahmud
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vijay S. Thakur
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Sze Kiat Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Daniel G. Isom
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - David B. Lombard
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Bruce W. Carter VAMC, Miami FL 33125, USA
| | - Mark L. Gonzalgo
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Oleksandr N. Kryvenko
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Philip L. Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vanina T Tcheuyap
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - James Brugarolas
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine/Hematology-Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Scott M. Welford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
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Mohtasham N, Zarepoor M, Shooshtari Z, Hesari KK, Mohajertehran F. Genes involved in metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1977. [PMID: 38665153 PMCID: PMC11043498 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent malignancy in the oral cavity, with a significant mortality rate. In oral squamous cell carcinoma patients, the survival rate could decrease because of delayed diagnosis. Thus, prevention, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment can effectively increase the survival rate in patients. In this systematic review, we discussed the role of different genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis. Herein, we aimed to summarize clinical results, regarding the potential genes that promote oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis. Methods This systematic review was carried out under the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. An electronic search for all relevant articles published in English between January 2018 and April 2022 was performed using Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar search engines. All original studies published in English were included, and we excluded studies that were in a non-English language. Results A total of 4682 articles were found, of which 14 were relevant and detected significant genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma progression. These findings investigated the overexpression of interferon-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 and 3 (IFIT1, IFT3), high-mobility group A2 (HMGA2), transformed growth factor-beta-induced, lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3 binding protein (LGALS3BP), bromodomain containing 4, COP9 signaling complex 6, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2B1 (HNRNPA2B1), 5'-3' exoribonuclease 2 (XRN2), cystatin-A (CSTA), fibroblast growth factors 8 (FGF8), forkhead box P3, cadherin-3, also known as P-cadherin and Wnt family member 5A, ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 7, and retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 genes lead to promote metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Overexpression of some genes (IFIT1, 3, LGALS3BP, HMGA2, HNRNPA2B1, XRN2, CSTA, and FGF8) was proven to be correlated with poor survival rates in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Conclusion Studies suggest that metastatic genes indicate a poor prognosis for oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Detecting these metastatic genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients may be of predictive value and can also facilitate assessing oral squamous cell carcinoma development and its response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Mohtasham
- Dental Research CenterFaculty of Dentistry of Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial PathologySchool of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research CenterFaculty of Dentistry of Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Marzieh Zarepoor
- Dental Research CenterFaculty of Dentistry of Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Zahra Shooshtari
- Dental Research CenterFaculty of Dentistry of Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Kiana Kamyab Hesari
- Doctor of Veterinary Medicine StudentSciences and Research UniversityTehranIran
| | - Farnaz Mohajertehran
- Dental Research CenterFaculty of Dentistry of Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial PathologySchool of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research CenterFaculty of Dentistry of Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Tian J, Mu Y, Ma L. Chemerin/CMKLR1 pathway exacerbates cisplatin-induced spiral ganglion neuron injury. Toxicol Res 2024; 40:73-81. [PMID: 38223664 PMCID: PMC10786799 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether chemerin/chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) pathway participate in cisplatin-induced spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) damage. Middle cochlear turn was collected from C57BL/6 mice and the SGNs were cultured. Cisplatin, 2-(anaphthoyl) ethyltrimethylammonium iodide (α-NETA), or recombinant mouse chemerin was added into the medium for the treatment. Relative mRNA and protein expression was determined by RT-PCR, ELISA and Western blot, respectively. In cultured mouse cochlear SGNs, the treatment of cisplatin enhanced the secretion of chemerin and CMKLR1. Recombinant chemerin promoted but α-NETA inhibited chemerin/CMKLR1 pathway in cisplatin stimulated SGNs. Cisplatin-induced apoptosis and inflammation response in SGNs were enhanced by recombinant chemerin while inhibited by α-NETA. Recombinant chemerin promoted but α-NETA inhibited NF-κB signal in cisplatin stimulated SGNs. In conclusion, chemerin/CMKLR1 pathway regulated apoptosis and inflammation response in cisplatin-induced SGN injury through NF-κB signaling pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-023-00205-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tian
- Department of Otology, Zibo Central Hospital, No. 54, Gongqingtuan West Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo, 255036 Shandong China
| | - Ying Mu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, No. 54 Gongqingtuan West Road, Zibo, 255036 Shandong China
| | - Lili Ma
- Department of Neurology, Zibo Central Hospital, No. 54 Gongqingtuan West Road, Zibo, 255036 Shandong China
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Odarenko KV, Salomatina OV, Chernikov IV, Salakhutdinov NF, Zenkova MA, Markov AV. Soloxolone Methyl Reduces the Stimulatory Effect of Leptin on the Aggressive Phenotype of Murine Neuro2a Neuroblastoma Cells via the MAPK/ERK1/2 Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1369. [PMID: 37895840 PMCID: PMC10610011 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the proven tumorigenic effect of leptin on epithelial-derived cancers, its impact on the aggressiveness of neural crest-derived cancers, notably neuroblastoma, remains largely unexplored. In our study, for the first time, transcriptome analysis of neuroblastoma tissue demonstrated that the level of leptin is elevated in neuroblastoma patients along with the severity of the disease and is inversely correlated with patient survival. The treatment of murine Neuro2a neuroblastoma cells with leptin significantly stimulated their proliferation and motility and reduced cell adhesion, thus rendering the phenotype of neuroblastoma cells more aggressive. Given the proven efficacy of cyanoenone-bearing semisynthetic triterpenoids in inhibiting the growth of neuroblastoma and preventing obesity in vivo, the effect of soloxolone methyl (SM) on leptin-stimulated Neuro2a cells was further investigated. We found that SM effectively abolished leptin-induced proliferation of Neuro2a cells by inducing G1/S cell cycle arrest and restored their adhesiveness to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to near control levels through the upregulation of vimentin, zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1), cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1cam), and neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (Ncam1). Moreover, SM significantly suppressed the leptin-associated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase A1 (p90RSK), which are key kinases that ensure the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. Further molecular modeling studies demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of SM on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK1/2 signaling pathway can be mediated by its direct interaction with ERK2 and its upstream regulators, son of sevenless homolog 1 (SOS) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1). Taken together, our findings in murine Neuro2a cells provide novel evidence of the stimulatory effect of leptin on the aggressiveness of neuroblastoma, which requires further detailed studies in human neuroblastoma cells and relevant animal models. The obtained results indicate that SM can be considered a promising drug candidate capable of reducing the impact of adipokines on tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Odarenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.V.O.); (O.V.S.); (I.V.C.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Oksana V. Salomatina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.V.O.); (O.V.S.); (I.V.C.); (M.A.Z.)
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Ivan V. Chernikov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.V.O.); (O.V.S.); (I.V.C.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Nariman F. Salakhutdinov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Marina A. Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.V.O.); (O.V.S.); (I.V.C.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Andrey V. Markov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.V.O.); (O.V.S.); (I.V.C.); (M.A.Z.)
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Chen Y, Zhou X, Xie Y, Wu J, Li T, Yu T, Pang Y, Du W. Establishment of a Seven-Gene Signature Associated with CD8 + T Cells through the Utilization of Both Single-Cell and Bulk RNA-Sequencing Techniques in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13729. [PMID: 37762031 PMCID: PMC10530336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor immune microenvironment constituents, such as CD8+ T cells, have emerged as crucial focal points for cancer immunotherapy. Given the absence of reliable biomarkers for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), we aimed to ascertain a molecular signature that could potentially be linked to CD8+ T cells. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) linked to CD8+ T cells were identified through an analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Subsequently, immune-associated genes were obtained from the InnateDB and ImmPort datasets and were cross-referenced with CD8+ T-cell-associated DEGs to generate a series of DEGs linked to immune response and CD8+ T cells. Patients with ccRCC from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were randomly allocated into testing and training groups. A gene signature was established by conducting LASSO-Cox analysis and subsequently confirmed using both the testing and complete groups. The efficacy of this signature in evaluating immunotherapy response was assessed on the IMvigor210 cohort. Finally, we employed various techniques, including CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE, ssGSEA, and qRT-PCR, to examine the immunological characteristics, drug responses, and expression of the signature genes in ccRCC. Our findings revealed 206 DEGs linked to immune response and CD8+ T cells, among which 65 genes were correlated with overall survival (OS) in ccRCC. A risk assessment was created utilizing a set of seven genes: RARRES2, SOCS3, TNFSF14, XCL1, GRN, CLDN4, and RBP7. The group with a lower risk showed increased expression of CD274 (PD-L1), suggesting a more favorable response to anti-PD-L1 treatment. The seven-gene signature demonstrated accurate prognostic prediction for ccRCC and holds potential as a clinical reference for treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (Y.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (Y.P.)
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (Y.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (Y.P.)
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yanwei Xie
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (Y.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (Y.P.)
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jianan Wu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (Y.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (Y.P.)
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (Y.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (Y.P.)
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (Y.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (Y.P.)
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yipeng Pang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (Y.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (Y.P.)
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Wenlong Du
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (Y.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (T.Y.); (Y.P.)
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
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7
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Dander E, Vinci P, Vetrano S, Recordati C, Piazza R, Fazio G, Bardelli D, Bugatti M, Sozio F, Piontini A, Bonanomi S, Bertola L, Tassistro E, Valsecchi MG, Calza S, Vermi W, Biondi A, Del Prete A, Sozzani S, D'Amico G. The chemerin/CMKLR1 axis regulates intestinal graft-versus-host disease. JCI Insight 2023; 8:154440. [PMID: 36883565 PMCID: PMC10077469 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). Chemerin is a chemotactic protein that recruits leukocytes to inflamed tissues by interacting with ChemR23/CMKLR1, a chemotactic receptor expressed by leukocytes, including macrophages. During acute GvHD, chemerin plasma levels were strongly increased in allo-BM-transplanted mice. The role of the chemerin/CMKLR1 axis in GvHD was investigated using Cmklr1-KO mice. WT mice transplanted with an allogeneic graft from Cmklr1-KO donors (t-KO) had worse survival and more severe GvHD. Histological analysis demonstrated that the gastrointestinal tract was the organ mostly affected by GvHD in t-KO mice. The severe colitis of t-KO mice was characterized by massive neutrophil infiltration and tissue damage associated with bacterial translocation and exacerbated inflammation. Similarly, Cmklr1-KO recipient mice showed increased intestinal pathology in both allogeneic transplant and dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Notably, the adoptive transfer of WT monocytes into t-KO mice mitigated GvHD manifestations by decreasing gut inflammation and T cell activation. In patients, higher chemerin serum levels were predictive of GvHD development. Overall, these results suggest that CMKLR1/chemerin may be a protective pathway for the control of intestinal inflammation and tissue damage in GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Dander
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Paola Vinci
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Stefania Vetrano
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Camilla Recordati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy.,Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Fondazione Unimi, Milan, Italy
| | - Rocco Piazza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Hematology Division and Bone Marrow Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Grazia Fazio
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Donatella Bardelli
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Sozio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Andrea Piontini
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Sonia Bonanomi
- Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Luca Bertola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy.,Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Fondazione Unimi, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tassistro
- Bicocca Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging (B4 center), School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Valsecchi
- Bicocca Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging (B4 center), School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Stefano Calza
- Biostatistics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.,Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Annalisa Del Prete
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Amico
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
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8
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Zhang Z, Ding Y, Li J, Su S. Up-regulation of CMKLR1 in endometriosis and its relationship with inflammatory responses. Histol Histopathol 2023; 38:329-337. [PMID: 36156768 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. We aimed to study the proinflammatory effect of Chemerin chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) in patients with endometriosis. Sixty patients with endometriosis and 50 healthy controls were recruited in this study for the collection of endometrial samples and peritoneal fluid. The expression levels of CMKLR1, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α in peritoneal fluid and endometrial tissues were detected by ELISA, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemical staining. Human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) were used to measure the Chemerin-induced CMKLR1 activation and inflammatory responses. CMKLR1 level was significantly up-regulated in peritoneal fluid and endometrial tissues in patients with endometriosis. Interestingly, CMKLR1 overexpression positively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine in both peritoneal fluid and ectopic endometrium. Chemerin treatment increased the expression of CMKLR1, and aggravated inflammatory responses in HESCs. CMKLR1 is up-regulated in peritoneal fluid and endometrial tissues, and promotes the inflammatory responses in of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Yumei Ding
- Department of Gynecology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China.
| | - Shan Su
- Department of Gynecology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
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9
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Yue G, An Q, Xu X, Jin Z, Ding J, Hu Y, Du Q, Xu J, Xie R. The role of Chemerin in human diseases. Cytokine 2023; 162:156089. [PMID: 36463659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Chemerin is a protein encoded by the Rarres2 gene that acts through endocrine or paracrine regulation. Chemerin can bind to its receptor, regulate insulin sensitivity and adipocyte differentiation, and thus affect glucose and lipid metabolism. There is growing evidence that it also plays an important role in diseases such as inflammation and cancer. Chemerin has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and metabolic diseases caused by leukocyte chemoattractants in a variety of organs, but its biological function remains controversial. In conclusion, the exciting findings collected over the past few years clearly indicate that targeting Chemerin signaling as a biological target will be a major research goal in the future. This article reviews the pathophysiological roles of Chemerin in various systems and diseases,and expect to provide a rationale for its role as a clinical therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyu Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Qimin An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jianhong Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yanxia Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
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10
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Trinidad EM, Vidal E, Coronado E, Esteve-Codina A, Castel V, Cañete A, Gut M, Heath S, Font de Mora J. Liquidhope: methylome and genomic profiling from very limited quantities of plasma-derived DNA. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:6972296. [PMID: 36611239 PMCID: PMC9851319 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the methylome of tumor cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA; cfDNA) has emerged as a powerful non-invasive technique for cancer subtyping and prognosis. However, its application is frequently hampered by the quality and total cfDNA yield. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of very low-input cfDNA for whole-methylome and copy-number profiling studies using enzymatic conversion of unmethylated cysteines [enzymatic methyl-seq (EM-seq)] to better preserve DNA integrity. We created a model for predicting genomic subtyping and prognosis with high accuracy. We validated our tool by comparing whole-genome CpG sequencing with in situ cohorts generated with bisulfite conversion and array hybridization, demonstrating that, despite the different techniques and sample origins, information on cfDNA methylation is comparable with in situ cohorts. Our findings support use of liquid biopsy followed by EM-seq to assess methylome of cancer patients, enabling validation in external cohorts. This advance is particularly relevant for rare cancers like neuroblastomas where liquid-biopsy volume is restricted by ethical regulations in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva María Trinidad
- Corresponding author: Eva M. Trinidad, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 106; Torre A, 5-0746026 Valencia, Spain. Tel.: +34-961246646; ; Fax: +34-963496620; E-mail:
| | - Enrique Vidal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain,Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Coronado
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain,Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Victoria Castel
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08002, Spain
| | - Adela Cañete
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08002, Spain,Pediatric Oncology Unit, La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), , Barcelona , Spain
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11
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Yu M, Yang Y, Zhao H, Li M, Chen J, Wang B, Xiao T, Huang C, Zhao H, Zhou W, Zhang JV. Targeting the chemerin/CMKLR1 axis by small molecule antagonist α-NETA mitigates endometriosis progression. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:985618. [PMID: 36523492 PMCID: PMC9745129 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.985618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease, characterized by the presence of endometrial-like lesions outside the uterus. This debilitating disease causes chronic pelvic pain and infertility with limited therapeutics. Chemerin is a secretory protein that acts on CMKLR1 (Chemokine-Like Receptor 1) to execute functions vital for immunity, adiposity, and metabolism. Abnormal chemerin/CMKLR1 axis underlies the pathological mechanisms of certain diseases including cancer and inflammatory diseases, but its role in endometriosis remains unknown. Herein, our results showed that chemerin and CMKLR1 are up-regulated in endometriotic lesions by analyzing the human endometriosis database and murine model. Knockdown of chemerin or CMKLR1 by shRNA led to mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) along with compromised viability, migration, and invasion of hEM15A cells. Most importantly, 2-(α-naphthoyl) ethyltrimethylammonium iodide (α-NETA), a small molecule antagonist for CMKLR1, was evidenced to exhibit profound anti-endometriosis effects (anti-growth, anti-mesenchymal features, anti-angiogenesis, and anti-inflammation) in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, α-NETA exhibited a dual inhibition effect on PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways in hEM15A cells and murine endometriotic grafts. This study highlights that the chemerin/CMKLR1 signaling axis is critical for endometriosis progression, and targeting this axis by α-NETA may provide new options for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yu
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yali Yang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baobei Wang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianxia Xiao
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huashan Zhao
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian V. Zhang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Anti-Tumoral Effect of Chemerin on Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines Mediated by Activation of Interferon Alpha Response. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174108. [PMID: 36077645 PMCID: PMC9454566 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemerin is a multifunctional protein with an important role in the immune system. Recent evidence showed that chemerin also regulates the development of cancer. Ovarian cancer is a common type of tumor in women. In this study, we observed that chemerin decreases the growth of ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro when cultivated in standard cell culture or in globular multicellular aggregates. When we examined the mechanisms involved in this process, we found that treatment of ovarian cancer cells with chemerin led to the activation of genes that are known to mediate the effects of interferon alpha (IFNα). The main effect of IFNα is to defend body cells against viral infections, but it is also able to defeat cancer cells. We observed that this activation of IFNα response by chemerin resulted from the increased production of IFNα protein in ovarian cancer cells, which then reduced cancer cells numbers. However, it remains to be investigated how exactly chemerin might be able to activate interferon alpha and its anti-tumoral actions. Abstract The pleiotropic adipokine chemerin affects tumor growth primarily as anti-tumoral chemoattractant inducing immunocyte recruitment. However, little is known about its effect on ovarian adenocarcinoma. In this study, we examined chemerin actions on ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro and intended to elucidate involved cell signaling mechanisms. Employing three ovarian cancer cell lines, we observed differentially pronounced effects of this adipokine. Treatment with chemerin (huChem-157) significantly reduced OVCAR-3 cell numbers (by 40.8% on day 6) and decreased the colony and spheroid growth of these cells by half. The spheroid size of SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer cells was also significantly reduced upon treatment. Transcriptome analyses of chemerin-treated cells revealed the most notably induced genes to be interferon alpha (IFNα)-response genes like IFI27, OAS1 and IFIT1 and their upstream regulator IRF9 in all cell lines tested. Finally, we found this adipokine to elevate IFNα levels about fourfold in culture medium of the employed cell lines. In conclusion, our data for the first time demonstrate IFNα as a mediator of chemerin action in vitro. The observed anti-tumoral effect of chemerin on ovarian cancer cells in vitro was mediated by the notable activation of IFNα response genes, resulting from the chemerin-triggered increase of secreted levels of this cytokine.
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Hou R, Yu Y, Sluter MN, Li L, Hao J, Fang J, Yang J, Jiang J. Targeting EP2 receptor with multifaceted mechanisms for high-risk neuroblastoma. Cell Rep 2022; 39:111000. [PMID: 35732130 PMCID: PMC9282716 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promotes tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, fostering an inflammation-enriched microenvironment that facilitates angiogenesis and immune evasion. However, the PGE2 receptor subtype (EP1–EP4) involved in neuroblastoma (NB) growth remains elusive. Herein, we show that the EP2 receptor highly correlates with NB aggressiveness and acts as a predominant Gαs-coupled receptor mediating PGE2-initiated cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling in NB cells with high-risk factors, including 11q deletion and MYCN amplification. Knockout of EP2 in NB cells blocks the development of xenografts, and its conditional knockdown prevents established tumors from progressing. Pharmacological inhibition of EP2 by our recently developed antagonist TG6-129 suppresses the growth of NB xenografts in nude mice and syngeneic allografts in immunocompetent hosts, accompanied by anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and apoptotic effects. This proof-of-concept study suggests that the PGE2/EP2 signaling pathway contributes to NB malignancy and that EP2 inhibition by our drug-like compounds provides a promising strategy to treat this deadly pediatric cancer. Hou et al. discover that prostaglandin receptor EP2 highly correlates with the aggressiveness of neuroblastoma, where it acts as the primary PGE2 receptor mediating cAMP signaling. EP2 deficiency or inhibition suppresses neuroblastoma with high-risk factors including 11q deletion and MYCN amplification, demonstrating EP2 as a promising therapeutic target for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruida Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Madison N Sluter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Lexiao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jiukuan Hao
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Jie Fang
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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14
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Wu J, Shen S, Liu T, Ren X, Zhu C, Liang Q, Cui X, Chen L, Cheng P, Cheng W, Wu A. Chemerin enhances mesenchymal features of glioblastoma by establishing autocrine and paracrine networks in a CMKLR1-dependent manner. Oncogene 2022; 41:3024-3036. [PMID: 35459783 PMCID: PMC9122825 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02295-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with mesenchymal features exhibits enhanced chemotherapeutic resistance and results in reduced overall survival. Recent studies have suggested that there is a positive correlation between the GBM mesenchymal status and immune cell infiltration. However, the mechanisms by which GBM acquires its mesenchymal features in a tumor immune microenvironment-dependent manner remains unknown. Here, we uncovered a chemerin-mediated autocrine and paracrine network by which the mesenchymal phenotype of GBM cells is strengthened. We identified chemerin as a prognostic secretory protein mediating the mesenchymal phenotype-promoting network between tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor cells in GBM. Mechanistically, chemerin promoted the mesenchymal features of GBM by suppressing the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of CMKLR1, a chemerin receptor predominantly expressed on TAMs and partially expressed on GBM cells, thereby enhancing NF-κB pathway activation. Moreover, chemerin was found to be involved in the recruitment of TAMs in the GBM tumor microenvironment. We revealed that chemerin also enhances the mesenchymal phenotype-promoting ability of TAMs and promotes their M2 polarization via a CMKLR1/NF-κB axis, which further exacerbates the mesenchymal features of GBM. Blocking the chemerin/CMKLR1 axis with 2-(α-naphthoyl) ethyltrimethylammonium iodide disrupted the mesenchymal network and suppressed tumor growth in GBM. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of targeting the chemerin/CMKLR1 axis to block the mesenchymal network in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiufang Ren
- Departement of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingyu Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Institute of Neurosurgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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15
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Hu X, Xiang F, Feng Y, Gao F, Ge S, Wang C, Zhang X, Wang N. Neutrophils Promote Tumor Progression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Regulating EMT and JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Through Chemerin. Front Oncol 2022; 12:812044. [PMID: 35155249 PMCID: PMC8831747 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.812044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity. In the tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) can promote tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. The aim of our study was to explore the relationship between neutrophils infiltration and Chemerin expression in tumor cells, as well as their relationship with the clinicopathological parameters and clinical prognosis of 74 cases of OSCC. We also explored the role of the interaction between neutrophils and Chemerin in the functions of OSCC cells (Cal27, SCC9, and SCC15) in vitro. Our results showed that in OSCC, Chemerin over-expression may increase neutrophils infiltration in tumor tissues. Chemerin over-expression and neutrophils infiltration were the prognostic factors of poor clinical outcomes. Furthermore, we discovered that neutrophils promoted OSCC migration, invasion, and proliferation and EMT through Chemerin. Neutrophils activated JAK2/STAT3 signaling through Chemerin and then up-regulated its downstream signaling target genes, such as Phospho-Rb, E2F1, CyclinE1, and CyclinD1. Taken together, our results revealed that neutrophils and Chemerin are potentially involved in OSCC progression and metastasis. Neutrophils may promote the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and EMT in OSCC cells through Chemerin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Hu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Pathology, Pingxiang People’s Hospital, PingXiang, China
| | - Fenggang Xiang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanyong Feng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology and The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengyou Ge
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology and The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengqin Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Wang,
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16
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Fischer TF, Beck-Sickinger AG. Chemerin - exploring a versatile adipokine. Biol Chem 2022; 403:625-642. [PMID: 35040613 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemerin is a small chemotactic protein and a key player in initiating the early immune response. As an adipokine, chemerin is also involved in energy homeostasis and the regulation of reproductive functions. Secreted as inactive prochemerin, it relies on proteolytic activation by serine proteases to exert biological activity. Chemerin binds to three distinct G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), namely chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1, recently named chemerin1), G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1, recently named chemerin2), and CC-motif chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2). Only CMKLR1 displays conventional G protein signaling, while GPR1 only recruits arrestin in response to ligand stimulation, and no CCRL2-mediated signaling events have been described to date. However, GPR1 undergoes constitutive endocytosis, making this receptor perfectly adapted as decoy receptor. Here, we discuss expression pattern, activation, and receptor binding of chemerin. Moreover, we review the current literature regarding the involvement of chemerin in cancer and several obesity-related diseases, as well as recent developments in therapeutic targeting of the chemerin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias F Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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17
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A Chemerin Peptide Analog Stimulates Tumor Growth in Two Xenograft Mouse Models of Human Colorectal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010125. [PMID: 35008289 PMCID: PMC8750290 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The chemoattractant adipokine chemerin has been found to be elevated in several types of cancer, including colorectal carcinoma. The functional role of chemerin in colorectal carcinoma, however, has not been elucidated to date. This study analyses the impact of the chemerin analog CG34 on proliferation, colony formation, and migration in the human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116, HT29 and SW620. In addition, the effect of systemic CG34 treatment is investigated in two xenograft mouse models of colorectal cancer (HCT116-luc and HT29-luc). The results of this study suggest there is a stimulatory role of chemerin receptor activation on the growth of colorectal carcinoma. Abstract Background: Chemerin plasma concentration has been reported to be positively correlated with the risk of colorectal cancer. However, the potential regulation of CRC tumorigenesis and progression has not yet been investigated in an experimental setting. This study addresses this hypothesis by investigating proliferation, colony formation, and migration of CRC cell lines in vitro as well as in animal models. Methods: In vitro, microscopic assays to study proliferation, as well as a scratch-wound assay for migration monitoring, were applied using the human CRC cell lines HCT116, HT29, and SW620 under the influence of the chemerin analog CG34. The animal study investigated HCT116-luc and HT29-luc subcutaneous tumor size and bioluminescence during treatment with CG34 versus control, followed by an ex-vivo analysis of vessel density and mitotic activity. Results: While the proliferation of the three CRC cell lines in monolayers was not clearly stimulated by CG34, the chemerin analog promoted colony formation in three-dimensional aggregates. An effect on cell migration was not observed. In the treatment study, CG34 significantly stimulated both growth and bioluminescence signals of HCT116-luc and HT29-luc xenografts. Conclusions: The results of this study represent the first indication of a tumor growth-stimulating effect of chemerin signaling in CRC.
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Fischer TF, Czerniak AS, Weiß T, Zellmann T, Zielke L, Els-Heindl S, Beck-Sickinger AG. Cyclic Derivatives of the Chemerin C-Terminus as Metabolically Stable Agonists at the Chemokine-like Receptor 1 for Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153788. [PMID: 34359687 PMCID: PMC8345219 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemerin is a small chemotactic protein and a modulator of the innate immune system. Its activity is mainly mediated by the chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), a receptor expressed by natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. Downregulation of chemerin is part of the immune evasion strategy exploited by several cancer types, including melanoma, breast cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Administration of chemerin can potentially counteract these effects, but synthetically accessible, metabolically stable analogs are required. Other tumors display overexpression of CMKLR1, offering a potential entry point for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics. Here, we present cyclic derivatives of the chemerin C-terminus (chemerin-9), the minimal activation sequence of chemerin. Chemerin-9 derivatives that were cyclized through positions four and nine retained activity while displaying full stability in blood plasma for more than 24 h. Therefore, these peptides could be used as a drug shuttle system to target cancer cells as demonstrated here by methotrexate conjugates.
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Perego S, Sansoni V, Ziemann E, Lombardi G. Another Weapon against Cancer and Metastasis: Physical-Activity-Dependent Effects on Adiposity and Adipokines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042005. [PMID: 33670492 PMCID: PMC7922129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physically active behavior has been associated with a reduced risk of developing certain types of cancer and improved psychological conditions for patients by reducing anxiety and depression, in turn improving the quality of life of cancer patients. On the other hand, the correlations between inactivity, sedentary behavior, and overweight and obesity with the risk of development and progression of various cancers are well studied, mainly in middle-aged and elderly subjects. In this article, we have revised the evidence on the effects of physical activity on the expression and release of the adipose-tissue-derived mediators of low-grade chronic inflammation, i.e., adipokines, as well as the adipokine-mediated impacts of physical activity on tumor development, growth, and metastasis. Importantly, exercise training may be effective in mitigating the side effects related to anti-cancer treatment, thereby underlining the importance of encouraging cancer patients to engage in moderate-intensity activities. However, the strong need to customize and adapt exercises to a patient’s abilities is apparent. Besides the preventive effects of physically active behavior against the adipokine-stimulated cancer risk, it remains poorly understood how physical activity, through its actions as an adipokine, can actually influence the onset and development of metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Perego
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Milano, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); or
| | - Veronica Sansoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Milano, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); or
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0266214068
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; or
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Milano, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); or
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; or
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Ding W, Chang A, Wei J, Li X, Qian H, Zhu C. Chemerin/CMKLR1 Axis Promotes the Progression of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:4468625. [PMID: 34868308 PMCID: PMC8635949 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4468625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes, and the levels of chemerin were associated with the severity of DR. However, there is no research on chemerin in the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Therefore, our study aimed to explore the relationship between chemerin and PDR. METHODS The levels of chemerin/chemokine-like receptor (CMKLR1), proinflammatory cytokines, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in 90 cases of PDR and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) patients and in high glucose (HG) stimulated human retinal pigment epithelium cells (ARPE-19) were evaluated by ELISA. Moreover, chemerin was added into HG-induced ARPE-19 cells to assess its effect on proinflammatory cytokines and VEGF. RESULTS The levels of chemerin/CMKLR1 were higher in PDR patients than NPDR ones, and chemerin was positively correlated with CMKLR1 in PDR patients. Compared to NPDR, the secretions of proinflammatory cytokines and VEGF were increased in PDR patients and positively correlated with chemerin/CMKLR1. Additionally, chemerin activated CMKLR1 and aggravated HG-induced cell injury, inflammatory responses, and VEGF expressions in ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that chemerin/CMKLR1 axis aggravated the progression of PDR, which suggested that inhibition of chemerin might serve as a new therapeutic approach to treat PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Wang
- Department I of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department IV of Medicine, Tangshan Likang Hospital, Xinglong Street, Han Town, Lubei District, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Department I of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Wencui Ding
- Department I of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Ailing Chang
- Department I of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department I of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Xinsheng Li
- Department I of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Hongxia Qian
- Department I of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Chonggui Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
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21
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Qi X, Fan J, Zhu J, Ling Y, Mi S, Chen H, Fan C, Li Y. Circulating chemerin level and risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomark Med 2020; 14:919-928. [PMID: 32808821 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Circulating chemerin level has been reported to be higher in patients with various types of cancer. However, the conclusions obtained are not unified. The aim of present study is to draw an evidence-based conclusion on the relationship between circulating chemerin and risk of cancer. Materials & methods: A systematic search was carried out in PubMed and Web of Science up to 30 June 2019. The random-effects model was applied to calculate summary standardized mean differences with 95% CIs. Results: The meta-analysis included a total of 12 separate studies, 876 cases and 739 healthy controls. The results showed that the expression level of circulating chemerin was significantly higher in cancer patients than that in control group (pooled standardized mean difference = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.03-1.90). Conclusion: This meta-analysis concludes that a high level of circulating chemerin is strongly associated with cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Qi
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayao Fan
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Zhu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiao Ling
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Mi
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanzhu Chen
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Fan
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Li
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Rennier K, Shin WJ, Krug E, Virdi G, Pachynski RK. Chemerin Reactivates PTEN and Suppresses PD-L1 in Tumor Cells via Modulation of a Novel CMKLR1-mediated Signaling Cascade. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5019-5035. [PMID: 32605911 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-4245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemerin (retinoic acid receptor responder 2, RARRES2) is an endogenous leukocyte chemoattractant that recruits innate immune cells through its receptor, ChemR23. RARRES2 is widely expressed in nonhematopoietic tissues and often downregulated across multiple tumor types compared with normal tissue. Recent studies show that augmenting chemerin in the tumor microenvironment significantly suppresses tumor growth, in part, by immune effector cells recruitment. However, as tumor cells express functional chemokine/chemoattractant receptors that impact their phenotype, we hypothesized that chemerin may have additional, tumor-intrinsic effects. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We investigated the effect of exogenous chemerin on human prostate and sarcoma tumor lines. Key signaling pathway components were elucidated using qPCR, Western blotting, siRNA knockdown, and specific inhibitors. Functional consequences of chemerin treatment were evaluated using in vitro and in vivo studies. RESULTS We show for the first time that human tumors exposed to exogenous chemerin significantly upregulate PTEN expression/activity, and concomitantly suppress programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression. CMKLR1 knockdown abrogated chemerin-induced PTEN and PD-L1 modulation, exposing a novel CMKLR1/PTEN/PD-L1 signaling cascade. Targeted inhibitors suggested signaling was occurring through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Chemerin treatment significantly reduced tumor migration, while significantly increasing T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Chemerin treatment was as effective as both PD-L1 knockdown and the anti-PD-L1 antibody, atezolizumab, in augmenting T-cell-mediated tumor lysis. Forced expression of chemerin in human DU145 tumors significantly suppressed in vivo tumor growth, and significantly increased PTEN and decreased PD-L1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data show a novel link between chemerin, PTEN, and PD-L1 in human tumor lines, which may have a role in improving T-cell-mediated immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Rennier
- Division of Oncology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Woo Jae Shin
- Division of Oncology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ethan Krug
- Division of Oncology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gurpal Virdi
- Division of Oncology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Russell K Pachynski
- Division of Oncology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. .,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,The Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs (CHiiPs), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Huang GH, Pei YC, Yang L, Mou KJ, Tang JH, Xiang Y, Liu J, Lv SQ. Integrative transcriptome analysis identified a BMP signaling pathway-regulated lncRNA AC068643.1 in IDH mutant and wild-type glioblastomas. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:75-84. [PMID: 32565936 PMCID: PMC7285920 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are classified into isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant (IDH MT) and wild-type (IDH WT) subtypes, and each is associated with distinct tumor behavior and prognosis. The present study aimed to investigate differentially expressed long non-coding (lnc)RNAs and mRNAs between IDH MT and IDH WT GBMs, as well as to explore the interaction and potential functions of these RNAs. A total of 132 GBM samples with RNA profiling data (10 IDH MT and 122 IDH WT cases) were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas, and 62/78 and 142/219 up/downregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs between IDH MT and IDH WT GBMs were identified, respectively. Multivariate Cox analysis of the dysregulated lncRNAs/mRNAs identified three-lncRNA and fifteen-mRNA signatures with independent prognostic value, indicating that these RNAs may serve roles in determining distinct tumor behaviors and prognosis of patients with IDH MT/WT GBMs. Functional analysis of the three lncRNAs revealed that they were primarily associated with cell stemness or differentiation. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that the protective lncRNA AC068643.1 was significantly positively correlated with two key bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling-associated mRNAs, Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and Myostatin (MSTN), from the 15 mRNAs. Further in vitro studies demonstrated that BMP2 and MSTN directly stimulated AC068643.1 expression. In conclusion, the present study identified a BMP signaling pathway-regulated lncRNA AC068643.1, which may contribute to the different tumor behaviors observed between IDH MT and IDH WT GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Chun Pei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Jie Mou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bishan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402760, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Hai Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Qing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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Lei Z, Lu Y, Bai X, Jiang Z, Yu Q. Chemerin-9 Peptide Enhances Memory and Ameliorates Aβ 1–42-Induced Object Memory Impairment in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:272-283. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ZeLin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - YaQin Lu
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - ZhenXiu Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Qin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University
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25
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Kiczmer P, Seńkowska AP, Kula A, Dawidowicz M, Strzelczyk JK, Zajdel EN, Walkiewicz K, Waniczek D, Ostrowska Z, Świętochowska E. Assessment of CMKLR1 level in colorectal cancer and its correlation with angiogenic markers. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 113:104377. [PMID: 31926977 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common malignant neoplasm in men and third in women. It is also the third leading cause of cancer-related death, killing annually >700,000 patients in the world. The global burden of CRC is expected to increase by 60% to >2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million deaths by 2030. The pathogenesis of cancer mainly depends on angiogenesis. This process plays a key role in the growth and infiltration of tumors which is essential for distant metastases. A large number of biochemical pathways is involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. As a subject of our study, we chose chemerin/chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) pathway which is responsible for the angiogenic processes in malignant neoplasms. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the CMKLR1 level and the concentrations of the two markers of angiogenesis, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, in tumor and margin tissues of CRC in relation to histological grade and TNM classification. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study used 47 samples of tumor and margin tissues derived from CRC patients. To determine the concentration of CMKLR1, MMP-9, and VCAM-1, we used the commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS We found a significantly higher concentration of CMKLR1 and MMP-9 in tumor tissue compared to margin. There was no difference in VCAM-1 concentration between tumor and margin. The margin concentration of CMKLR1 was significantly correlated with that of both MMP-9 and VCAM-1. The margin concentration of VCAM-1 was correlated with that of MMP-9. Additionally, we observed that the tumor levels of CMKLR1 and MMP-9 were positively correlated with the tumor size (T parameter). CONCLUSION CMKLR1 activity may be associated with the angiogenic process in CRC via MMP-9 activity. Further research, involving a larger sample, may verify whether chemerin/CMKLR1 axis could be considered as a suitable target in novel molecular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kiczmer
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Zabrze, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Alicja Prawdzic Seńkowska
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Zabrze, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kula
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Zabrze, Katowice, Poland
| | - Miriam Dawidowicz
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Zabrze, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Zabrze, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Nowakowska Zajdel
- Department of Nutrition Related Disease Prevention, Department of Metabolic Disease Prevention, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Walkiewicz
- Department of Nutrition Related Disease Prevention, Department of Metabolic Disease Prevention, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dariusz Waniczek
- Department of Surgical Nursing and Surgery Propedeutics, General, Colorectal and Trauma Surgery, SHS in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zofia Ostrowska
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Zabrze, Katowice, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Świętochowska
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Zabrze, Katowice, Poland
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Overexpression of Hepatocyte Chemerin-156 Lowers Tumor Burden in a Murine Model of Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010252. [PMID: 31905933 PMCID: PMC6982125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor inhibitory potential of the highly active chemerin-156 isoform was described in orthotopic models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The majority of HCC arises in the fibrotic liver, which was not reproduced in these studies. Here, a potential therapeutic activity of chemerin-156 was evaluated in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver cancer, which mimics fibrosis-associated HCC. Mice were infected with adeno-associated virus (AAV) six months after DEN injection to overexpress chemerin-156 in the liver, and animals injected with non-recombinant-AAV served as controls. Three months later, the animals were killed. Both groups were comparable with regard to liver steatosis and fibrosis. Of note, the number of very small tumors was reduced by chemerin-156. Anyhow, the expression of inflammatory and profibrotic genes was similar in larger tumors of control and chemerin-156-AAV-infected animals. Although genes with a role in lipid metabolism, like 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzym-A--reductase, were overexpressed in tumors of animals with high chemerin-156, total hepatic cholesterol, diacylglycerol and triglyceride levels, and distribution of individual lipid species were normal. Chemerin-156-AAV-infected mice had elevated hepatic and systemic chemerin. Ex vivo activation of the chemerin receptor chemokine-like receptor 1 increased in parallel with serum chemerin, illustrating the biological activity of the recombinant protein. In the tumors, chemerin-155 was the most abundant variant. Chemerin-156 was not detected in tumors of the controls and was hardly found in chemerin-156-AAV infected animals. In conclusion, the present study showed that chemerin-156 overexpression caused a decline in the number of small lesions but did not prevent the growth of pre-existing neoplasms.
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Chemerin-induced macrophages pyroptosis in fetal brain tissue leads to cognitive disorder in offspring of diabetic dams. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:226. [PMID: 31733653 PMCID: PMC6858779 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chemerin is highly expressed in the serum, placenta tissue, and umbilical cord blood of diabetic mother; however, the impact of chemerin on cognitive disorders of offspring from mothers with diabetes in pregnancy remains unclear. Methods A diabetic phenotype in pregnant mice dams was induced by streptozocin (STZ) injection or intraperitoneal injection of chemerin. Behavioral changes in offspring of diabetic dams and nondiabetic controls were assessed, and changes in chemerin, two receptors of chemerin [chemerin receptor 23 (ChemR23) and chemokine (C-C motif) receptor-like 2 (CCRL2)], macrophages, and neurons in the brain tissue were studied to reveal the underlying mechanism of the behavioral changes. Results Chemerin treatment mimicked the STZ-induced symptom of maternal diabetes in mice along with the altered behavior of offspring in the open field test (OFT) assay. In the exploring process for potential mechanism, the brain tissues of offspring from chemerin-treated dams were observed with an increase level of macrophage infiltration and a decrease number of neuron cells. Moreover, an increased level of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and apoptosis-associated speck-like (Asc) protein as well as pyroptosis [characterized by increased active caspase-1 content and secretion of cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-18] more activated in macrophages is also observed in the brain of these diabetic dam’s offspring, in the presence of ChemR23. In vitro, it was found that pyroptosis activation was increased in macrophages separated from the abdominal cavity of normal mice, after chemerin treatment. However, depletion of CCRL2 decreased the level of chemerin in the brain tissues of diabetic dams’ offspring; depletion of ChemR23 decreased macrophage pyroptosis, and depletion of either receptor reversed chemerin-mediated neurodevelopmental deficits and cognitive impairment of offspring of diabetic pregnant dams. Conclusions Chemerin induced diabetic pregnant disease and CCRL2 were required to enrich chemerin in the brain of offspring. Aggregation of chemerin could lead to macrophage recruitment, activation of pyroptosis, the release of inflammatory cytokines, a decrease in the number of neurons, and cognitive impairment in offspring in a ChemR23-dependent manner. Targeting CCRL2 and/or ChemR23 could be useful for treating neuropsychological deficits in offspring of dams with diabetes in pregnancy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-019-1573-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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More Than an Adipokine: The Complex Roles of Chemerin Signaling in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194778. [PMID: 31561459 PMCID: PMC6801800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemerin is widely recognized as an adipokine, with diverse biological roles in cellular differentiation and metabolism, as well as a leukocyte chemoattractant. Research investigating the role of chemerin in the obesity-cancer relationship has provided evidence both for pro- and anti-cancer effects. The tumor-promoting effects of chemerin primarily involve direct effects on migration, invasion, and metastasis as well as growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Chemerin can also promote tumor growth via the recruitment of tumor-supporting mesenchymal stromal cells and stimulation of angiogenesis pathways in endothelial cells. In contrast, the majority of evidence supports that the tumor-suppressing effects of chemerin are immune-mediated and result in a shift from immunosuppressive to immunogenic cell populations within the tumor microenvironment. Systemic chemerin and chemerin produced within the tumor microenvironment may contribute to these effects via signaling through CMKLR1 (chemerin1), GPR1 (chemerin2), and CCLR2 on target cells. As such, inhibition or activation of chemerin signaling could be beneficial as a therapeutic approach depending on the type of cancer. Additional studies are required to determine if obesity influences cancer initiation or progression through increased adipose tissue production of chemerin and/or altered chemerin processing that leads to changes in chemerin signaling in the tumor microenvironment.
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Erdmann S, Niederstadt L, Koziolek EJ, Gómez JDC, Prasad S, Wagener A, von Hacht JL, Reinicke S, Exner S, Bandholtz S, Beindorff N, Brenner W, Grötzinger C. CMKLR1-targeting peptide tracers for PET/MR imaging of breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:6719-6733. [PMID: 31588246 PMCID: PMC6771245 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Molecular targeting remains to be a promising approach in oncology. Overexpression of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in human cancer is offering a powerful opportunity for tumor-selective imaging and treatment employing nuclear medicine. We utilized novel chemerin-based peptide conjugates for chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) targeting in a breast cancer xenograft model. Methods: By conjugation with the chelator 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), we obtained a family of five highly specific, high-affinity tracers for hybrid positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging. A xenograft model with target-positive DU4475 and negative A549 tumors in immunodeficient nude mice enabled CMKLR1-specific imaging in vivo. We acquired small animal PET/MR images, assessed biodistribution by ex vivo measurements and investigated the tracer specificity by blocking experiments. Results: Five CMKLR1-targeting peptide tracers demonstrated high biological activity and affinity in vitro with EC50 and IC50 values below 2 nM. Our target-positive (DU4475) and target-negative (A549) xenograft model could be validated by ex vivo analysis of CMKLR1 expression and binding. After preliminary PET imaging, the three most promising tracers [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-AHX-CG34, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-KCap-CG34 and [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ADX-CG34 with best tumor uptake were further analyzed. Hybrid PET/MR imaging along with concomitant biodistribution studies revealed distinct CMKLR1-specific uptake (5.1% IA/g, 3.3% IA/g and 6.2% IA/g 1 h post-injection) of our targeted tracers in DU4475 tumor tissue. In addition, tumor uptake was blocked by excess of unlabeled peptide (6.4-fold, 5.5-fold and 3.4-fold 1 h post-injection), further confirming CMKLR1 specificity. Out of five tracers, we identified these three tracers with moderate, balanced hydrophilicity to be the most potent in receptor-mediated tumor targeting. Conclusion: We demonstrated the applicability of 68Ga-labeled peptide tracers by visualizing CMKLR1-positive breast cancer xenografts in PET/MR imaging, paving the way for developing them into theranostics for tumor treatment.
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Qiao L, Wu X, Zhang J, Liu L, Sui X, Zhang R, Liu W, Shen F, Sun Y, Xi X. α‐NETA induces pyroptosis of epithelial ovarian cancer cells through the GSDMD/caspase‐4 pathway. FASEB J 2019; 33:12760-12767. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900483rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianqiao Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShanghai General Hospital
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShanghai General Hospital
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Xiaoxin Sui
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShanghai General Hospital
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShanghai General Hospital
| | - Wenxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesRenji‐Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fangqian Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShanghai General Hospital
| | - Yunyan Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShanghai General Hospital
| | - Xiaowei Xi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShanghai General Hospital
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Abstract
Chemerin is a multifunctional adipokine with established roles in inflammation, adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggest an important function of chemerin in cancer. Chemerin's main cellular receptors, chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), G-protein coupled receptor 1 (GPR1) and C-C chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2) are expressed in most normal and tumor tissues. Chemerin's role in cancer is considered controversial, since it is able to exert both anti-tumoral and tumor-promoting effects, which are mediated by different mechanisms like recruiting innate immune defenses or activation of endothelial angiogenesis. For this review article, original research articles on the role of chemerin and its receptors in cancer were considered, which are listed in the PubMed database. Additionally, we included meta-analyses of publicly accessible DNA microarray data to elucidate the association of expression of chemerin and its receptors in tumor tissues with patients' survival.
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Novel CMKLR1 Inhibitors for Application in Demyelinating Disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7178. [PMID: 31073181 PMCID: PMC6509344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecules that disrupt leukocyte trafficking have proven effective in treating patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We previously reported that chemerin receptor chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) is required for maximal clinical and histological experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE); and identified CMKLR1 small molecule antagonist 2-(α-naphthoyl) ethyltrimethylammonium iodide (α-NETA) that significantly suppressed disease onset in vivo. Here we directly compared α-NETA versus FDA-approved MS drug Tecfidera for clinical efficacy in EAE; characterized key safety/toxicity parameters for α-NETA; identified structure-activity relationships among α-NETA domains and CMKLR1 inhibition; and evaluated improved α-NETA analogs for in vivo efficacy. α-NETA proved safe and superior to Tecfidera in suppressing clinical EAE. In addition, we discovered structurally differentiated α-NETA analogs (primarily ortho- or para-methoxy substitutions) with significantly improved target potency in vitro and improved efficacy in vivo. These findings suggest that α-NETA-based CMKLR1 inhibitors may prove safe and effective in treating demyelinating diseases and potentially other autoimmune disorders.
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The serum biomarker chemerin promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:681-695. [PMID: 30804218 DOI: 10.1042/cs20181023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemerin, which is encoded by retinoic acid receptor responder 2 (RARRES2), has been found to be related to malignant tumours, but its role in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is largely unexplored. In the present study, a higher serum level of chemerin was evident in patients with OSCC than in healthy individuals, and this high level of chemerin significantly decreased after tumour resection. In addition, high chemerin levels were positively associated with advanced tumour stage and lymph node metastasis. The expression levels of chemerin and Chemerin Receptor 23 (ChemR23) were positively correlated with the migration and invasion of OSCC cell lines. Recombinant chemerin (R-chemerin) enhanced the in vitro migration, invasion and proliferation of OSCC cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting RARRES2 decreased chemerin expression and inhibited OSCC cell metastasis and proliferation both in vitro and in vivo Additionally, R-chemerin activated manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and increased the amount of intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), leading to a significant decrease in E-cadherin expression and dramatic increase in the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), Slug, Vimentin and N-cadherin, but shRNAs targeting RARRES2 reversed these effects. Moreover, knockdown of ChemR23 with small interfering RNAs (siRNA) significantly inhibited chemerin-induced OSCC cell migration/invasion and SOD2 activity. Our results revealed that chemerin is a novel biomarker for OSCC. Chemerin/ChemR23 promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis in OSCC and may be a new therapeutic target for OSCC.
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SYK Inhibition Potentiates the Effect of Chemotherapeutic Drugs on Neuroblastoma Cells in Vitro. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020202. [PMID: 30744170 PMCID: PMC6406899 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a malignancy arising from the developing sympathetic nervous system and the most common and deadly cancer of infancy. New therapies are needed to improve the prognosis for high-risk patients and to reduce toxicity and late effects. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) has previously been identified as a promising drug target in various inflammatory diseases and cancers but has so far not been extensively studied as a potential therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. In this study, we observed elevated SYK gene expression in neuroblastoma compared to neural crest and benign neurofibroma. While SYK protein was detected in the majority of examined neuroblastoma tissues it was less frequently observed in neuroblastoma cell lines. Depletion of SYK by siRNA and the use of small molecule SYK inhibitors significantly reduced the cell viability of neuroblastoma cell lines expressing SYK protein. Moreover, SYK inhibition decreased ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation. The SYK inhibitor BAY 61-3606 enhanced the effect of different chemotherapeutic drugs. Transient expression of a constitutive active SYK variant increased the viability of neuroblastoma cells independent of endogenous SYK levels. Collectively, our findings suggest that targeting SYK in combination with conventional chemotherapy should be further evaluated as a treatment option in neuroblastoma.
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Chemerin acts via CMKLR1 and GPR1 to stimulate migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells: putative role of decreased TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Oncotarget 2019; 10:98-112. [PMID: 30719206 PMCID: PMC6349446 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine-like peptide, chemerin, stimulates chemotaxis in several cell types. In this study we examined the expression of putative chemerin receptors in gastric cancer and the action of chemerin on cancer cell migration and invasion. Immunohistochemical studies of gastric tumors identified expression of two putative receptors, chemokine-like receptor-1 (CMKLR1) and G-protein coupled receptor 1(GPR1), in cancer cells; there was also some expression in stromal myofibroblasts although generally at a lower intensity. The expression of both receptors was detected in a gastric cancer cell line, AGS; chemerin itself was expressed in cultured gastric cancer myofibroblasts but not AGS cells. Chemerin stimulated (a) morphological transformation of AGS cells characterized by extension of processes and cell scattering, (b) migration in scratch wound assays and (c) both migration and invasion in Boyden chamber chemotaxis assays. These responses were inhibited by two putative receptor antagonists CCX832 and α-NETA. Inhibition of receptor expression by siRNA selectively reduced CMKLR1 or GPR1 and inhibited the action of chemerin indicating that both receptors contributed to the functional response. Using a proteomic approach employing stable isotope dynamic labeling of secretomes (SIDLS) to selectively label secreted proteins, we identified down regulation of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinease (TIMP)1 and TIMP2 in media in response to chemerin. When cells were treated with chemerin and TIMP1 or TIMP2 the migration response to chemerin was reduced. The data suggest a role for chemerin in promoting the invasion of gastric cancer cells via CMKLR1 and GPR1at least partly by reducing TIMP1 and TIMP2 expression. Chemerin receptor antagonists have potential in inhibiting gastric cancer progression.
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Spyrou N, Avgerinos KI, Mantzoros CS, Dalamaga M. Classic and Novel Adipocytokines at the Intersection of Obesity and Cancer: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Obes Rep 2018; 7:260-275. [PMID: 30145771 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-018-0318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we investigate the role of classic and novel adipocytokines in cancer pathogenesis synopsizing the mechanisms underlying the association between adipocytokines and malignancy. Special emphasis is given on novel adipocytokines as new evidence is emerging regarding their entanglement in neoplastic development. RECENT FINDINGS Recent data have emphasized the role of the triad of overweight/obesity, insulin resistance and adipocytokines in cancer. In the setting of obesity, classic and novel adipocytokines present independent and joint effects on activation of major intracellular signaling pathways implicated in cell proliferation, expansion, survival, adhesion, invasion, and metastasis. Until now, more than 15 adipocytokines have been associated with cancer, and this list continues to expand. While the plethora of circulating pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, such as leptin, resistin, extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase, and chemerin are elevated in malignancies, some adipocytokines such as adiponectin and omentin-1 are generally decreased in cancers and are considered protective against carcinogenesis. Elucidating the intertwining of inflammation, cellular bioenergetics, and adiposopathy is significant for the development of preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies against cancer. Novel more effective and safe adipocytokine-centered therapeutic interventions may pave the way for targeted oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Spyrou
- 251 Airforce General Hospital, Kanellopoulou 3, 11525, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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Shin WJ, Zabel BA, Pachynski RK. Mechanisms and Functions of Chemerin in Cancer: Potential Roles in Therapeutic Intervention. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2772. [PMID: 30555465 PMCID: PMC6283908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemerin [RARRES2 [retinoic acid receptor responder 2], TIG2 [tazarotene induced gene 2 (TIG2)]] is a multifunctional cytokine initially described in skin cultures upon exposure to the synthetic retinoid tazarotene. Its secreted pro-form, prochemerin, is widely expressed, found systemically, and is readily converted into active chemerin by various proteases. Subsequent studies elucidated major roles of chemerin as both a leukocyte chemoattractant as well as an adipokine. Chemerin's main chemotactic receptor, the G-protein coupled receptor CMKLR1, is expressed on macrophages, dendritic, and NK cells. With respect to its role in immunology, chemerin mediates trafficking of these cells to sites of inflammation along its concentration gradient, and likely helps coordinate early responses, as it has been shown to have antimicrobial and angiogenic properties, as well. Recently, there has been mounting evidence that chemerin is an important factor in various cancers. As with its role in immune responses-where it can act as both a pro- and anti-inflammatory mediator-the potential functions or correlations chemerin has in or with cancer appears to be context dependent. Most studies, however, suggest a downregulation or loss of chemerin/RARRES2 in malignancies compared to the normal tissue counterparts. Here, we perform a comprehensive review of the literature to date and summarize relevant findings in order to better define the roles of chemerin in the setting of the tumor microenvironment and tumor immune responses, with an ultimate focus on the potential for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jae Shin
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Brian A. Zabel
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research (PAVIR), VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems (VAPAHCS), Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Russell K. Pachynski
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs (CHiiPs), St. Louis, MO, United States
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El-Sagheer G, Gayyed M, Ahmad A, Abd El-Fattah A, Mohamed M. Expression of chemerin correlates with a poor prognosis in female breast cancer patients. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2018; 10:169-176. [PMID: 30498371 PMCID: PMC6207381 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s178181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Chemerin was reported to regulate adipogenesis, metabolism, and immunity. But, its relation to cancer remains controversial. In breast cancer, chemerin expression has only been studied in serum, however, its expression in tissue, to our knowledge, has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate chemerin expression in breast cancer tissue in comparison to the adjacent normal tissue, and to assess its relationship to disease prognosis. Methods We examined chemerin expression in tissue with immunohistochemistry and analyzed the association of chemerin expression with the patients’ clinical and pathological characteristics to determine its role as a predictor of the disease and its relation to disease prognosis. Results We detected a significantly higher expression of chemerin in the malignant vs the non-cancerous tissue specimens in 30/53, (56%) patients, (P=0.001). Moreover, its expression was significantly higher in the metastatic lymph nodes in comparison to the tumor tissues, (P=0.01). Chemerin expression was significantly correlated with weight (r=0.256, P=0.04), body mass index (r=0.233, P=0.03), tumor size (r=0.235, P=0.03), lymph node metastasis (r=0.265, P=0.045), distant metastasis (r=0.267, P=0.02), and tumor grading, (r=0.421, P=0.004), while it was inversely significantly correlated with estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression in malignant breast tissues (P=0.038, r=−0.437, and P=0.047, r=–0.316), respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for chemerin as a predictor of breast cancer was 0.82, (P<0.001, sensitivity 89%, and specificity 69%). The Kaplan–Meier survival curves revealed that patients with higher chemerin expression had worse overall survival in comparison to those with a lower chemerin expression, (P=0.001). Conclusion Our results revealed higher chemerin expression in malignant vs adjacent normal breast tissue and lend support to a presumable role of chemerin tissue expression as an independent predictor of poor prognosis in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada El-Sagheer
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Minia Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt,
| | - Mariana Gayyed
- Department of Pathology, Minia Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Ahmad
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Minia Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt,
| | - Aliaa Abd El-Fattah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Minia Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Manar Mohamed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
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