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Ridnour LA, Cheng RY, Kedei N, Somasundaram V, Bhattacharyya DD, Basudhar D, Wink AL, Walke AJ, Kim C, Heinz WF, Edmondson EF, Butcher DO, Warner AC, Dorsey TH, Pore M, Kinders RJ, Lipkowitz S, Bryant RJ, Rittscher J, Wong ST, Hewitt SM, Chang JC, Shalaby A, Callagy GM, Glynn SA, Ambs S, Anderson SK, McVicar DW, Lockett SJ, Wink DA. Adjuvant COX inhibition augments STING signaling and cytolytic T cell infiltration in irradiated 4T1 tumors. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e165356. [PMID: 38912586 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune therapy is the new frontier of cancer treatment. Therapeutic radiation is a known inducer of immune response and can be limited by immunosuppressive mediators including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) that is highly expressed in aggressive triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). A clinical cohort of TNBC tumors revealed poor radiation therapeutic efficacy in tumors expressing high COX2. Herein, we show that radiation combined with adjuvant NSAID (indomethacin) treatment provides a powerful combination to reduce both primary tumor growth and lung metastasis in aggressive 4T1 TNBC tumors, which occurs in part through increased antitumor immune response. Spatial immunological changes including augmented lymphoid infiltration into the tumor epithelium and locally increased cGAS/STING1 and type I IFN gene expression were observed in radiation-indomethacin-treated 4T1 tumors. Thus, radiation and adjuvant NSAID treatment shifts "immune desert phenotypes" toward antitumor M1/TH1 immune mediators in these immunologically challenging tumors. Importantly, radiation-indomethacin combination treatment improved local control of the primary lesion, reduced metastatic burden, and increased median survival when compared with radiation treatment alone. These results show that clinically available NSAIDs can improve radiation therapeutic efficacy through increased antitumor immune response and augmented local generation of cGAS/STING1 and type I IFNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Ridnour
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert Ys Cheng
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Noemi Kedei
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR) Nanoscale Protein Analysis, OSTR, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Adelaide L Wink
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and
| | - Abigail J Walke
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and
| | - Caleb Kim
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and
| | - William F Heinz
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and
| | - Elijah F Edmondson
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Donna O Butcher
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew C Warner
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Tiffany H Dorsey
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Milind Pore
- Imaging Mass Cytometry Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and
| | - Robert J Kinders
- Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Richard J Bryant
- Department of Urology, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Rittscher
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Big Data Institute, Ludwig Oxford Branch, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Tc Wong
- Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Jenny C Chang
- Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aliaa Shalaby
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Grace M Callagy
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sharon A Glynn
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen K Anderson
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel W McVicar
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Lockett
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, and
| | - David A Wink
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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2
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Zou J, Mai C, Lin Z, Zhou J, Lai G. Targeting metabolism of breast cancer and its implications in T cell immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1381970. [PMID: 38680483 PMCID: PMC11045902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1381970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a prominent health issue amongst women around the world. Immunotherapies including tumor targeted antibodies, adoptive T cell therapy, vaccines, and immune checkpoint blockers have rejuvenated the clinical management of breast cancer, but the prognosis of patients remains dismal. Metabolic reprogramming and immune escape are two important mechanisms supporting the progression of breast cancer. The deprivation uptake of nutrients (such as glucose, amino acid, and lipid) by breast cancer cells has a significant impact on tumor growth and microenvironment remodeling. In recent years, in-depth researches on the mechanism of metabolic reprogramming and immune escape have been extensively conducted, and targeting metabolic reprogramming has been proposed as a new therapeutic strategy for breast cancer. This article reviews the abnormal metabolism of breast cancer cells and its impact on the anti-tumor activity of T cells, and further explores the possibility of targeting metabolism as a therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialuo Zou
- Department of Breast Disease Comprehensive Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cunjun Mai
- Department of Breast Disease Comprehensive Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiqin Lin
- Department of Breast Disease Comprehensive Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guie Lai
- Department of Breast Disease Comprehensive Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Saha P, Ettel P, Weichhart T. Leveraging macrophage metabolism for anticancer therapy: opportunities and pitfalls. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:335-349. [PMID: 38494408 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute an important part of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that regulates tumor progression. Tumor-derived signals, hypoxia, and competition for nutrients influence TAMs to reprogram their cellular metabolism. This altered metabolic profile creates a symbiotic communication between tumor and other immune cells to support tumor growth. In addition, the metabolic profile of TAMs regulates the expression of immune checkpoint molecules. The dynamic plasticity also allows TAMs to reshape their metabolism in response to modern therapeutic strategies. Therefore, over the years, a significant number of approaches have been implicated to reprogram cancer-promoting metabolism in TAMs. In this review, we discuss the current strategies and pitfalls, along with upcoming promising opportunities in leveraging TAM metabolism for developing better therapeutic approaches against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyal Saha
- Institute for Medical Genetics, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Ettel
- Institute for Medical Genetics, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Institute for Medical Genetics, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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O’Neill CE, Sun K, Sundararaman S, Chang JC, Glynn SA. The impact of nitric oxide on HER family post-translational modification and downstream signaling in cancer. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1358850. [PMID: 38601214 PMCID: PMC11004480 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1358850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family consists of four members, activated by two families of ligands. They are known for mediating cell-cell interactions in organogenesis, and their deregulation has been associated with various cancers, including breast and esophageal cancers. In particular, aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2 signaling drive disease progression and result in poorer patient outcomes. Nitric oxide (NO) has been proposed as an alternative activator of the HER family and may play a role in this aberrant activation due to its ability to induce s-nitrosation and phosphorylation of the EGFR. This review discusses the potential impact of NO on HER family activation and downstream signaling, along with its role in the efficacy of therapeutics targeting the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara E. O’Neill
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kai Sun
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Dr Mary and Ron Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Jenny C. Chang
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Dr Mary and Ron Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sharon A. Glynn
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Sharif MS, Mohseni HS, Khanavi M, Ghadami S, Jafarzadeh E, Tavajohi S, Aliebrahimi S, Ostad SN. Exploring the Synergistic Effect of Sildenafil and Green Tea Polyphenols on Breast Cancer Stem Cell-like Cells and their Parental Cells: A Potential Novel Therapeutic Approach. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:304-315. [PMID: 37957912 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206276925231107060329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many cancer studies have intensely focused on the role of diet, among other factors involved in cancer establishment. The positive effect of green tea polyphenols (GTP) on controlling breast cancer cells has been reported in several studies. Cancer stem cell-like cells (CSC-LCs) possessing self-renewal, metastatic, and drug-resistant capacities are considered prominent therapeutic targets. In many tumors, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression levels are high; however, they have a dual effect on breast cancer pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of the iNOS agonist (Sildenafil) and antagonist (LNAME), both alone and in combination with GTP, on MDA-MB-231, CD44+/CD24- CSC-LCs, and their parental cells (MCF-7). METHODS The cell viability assay has been studied using the MTT assay. To analyze drug-drug combinations, CompuSyn and Combenefit software were used. The cytotoxicity mechanism was determined using flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS L-NAME and GTP showed a synergistic effect on MDA-MB-231 and CSC-LCs. Such an effect was not observed on MCF-7. Sildenafil and GTP, on the other hand, showed synergistic cytotoxicity in all the cells mentioned above. Flow cytometric tests resulted in more than 70% apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. Also, sub-G1 arrest among MCF-7 cells and a considerable decrease in ROS production by MDA-MB-231 cells following treatment with Sildenafil and GTP were observed. CONCLUSION Sildenafil, in combination with flavonoids, may be considered a novel strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzie Salari Sharif
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, International Campus, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habibeh Sadat Mohseni
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Khanavi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Ghadami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emad Jafarzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Tavajohi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Aliebrahimi
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Smart University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Nasser Ostad
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Venturini CL, Damazo AS, Silva MJD, Muller JDAI, Oliveira DM, Figueiredo FDF, Serio BFD, Arunachalam K, Martins DTDO. Antiulcer activity and mechanism of action of the hydroethanolic extract of leaves of Terminalia argentea Mart. In different in vivo and in vitro experimental models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116972. [PMID: 37517568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Terminalia argentea Mart. (Combretaceae) is a deciduous tree commonly found in Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay. It occurs in all regions of Brazil and is widespread in the Amazon, Cerrado, Pantanal, Atlantic Rain Forest, and Caatinga Biomes. In the traditional medicine of Brazil, people widely use tea or decoction of its leaf materials for treating gastritis, ulcers, wound healing, and inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY The current study aims to evaluate the gastroprotective and ulcer-healing activities of the hydroethanolic extract of T. argentea leaves (HETa) and investigate the underlying mechanisms of action through in vivo and in vitro experiments. METHODS We extracted the leaves of T. argentea with a 70% hydroethanolic solution (HETa) and performed phytochemical analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MSn). We researched the antiulcer activity using in vivo and in vitro experiments, administering three doses (2, 10, and 50 mg/kg) and different concentrations of 1, 5, and 20 μg/mL, respectively. We verified the acute antiulcer activity using chemical models (acidified ethanol (EtOH/HCl) and indomethacin (IND)) and physiological models (water-immersion stress (WRS)). To induce chronic ulcers, used acetic acid and treated the animals for seven days. To investigate the mechanism of action, conducted assays of antioxidant activity, measured the dosage of inflammatory cytokines, quantified mucus, treated with inhibitors (IND, L-NAME, glibenclamide, and yohimbine), performed histopathological analysis, and measured gastric acid secretion. Furthermore, we performed in vitro experiments on murine macrophage cell lines (RAW 264-7 cells) to quantify nitrite/nitrate and cytokine production and on V79-4 cells to verify cell proliferation/migration. RESULTS We conducted HPLC and ESI-MSn analyses to obtain a fingerprint of the chemical composition of the HETa, revealing the presence of phenolics (caffeoyl ellagic acid), flavonoids (rutin, quercetin xyloside, quercetin rhamnoside, quercetin glucoside, quercetin galloyl xyloside, quercetin), and tannins (terminalin), respectively. The three doses of HETa reduced acute and chronic ulcers in different models. The mechanism of action involves increasing mucus production and angiogenesis, and it partially involves prostaglandins, nitric oxide, K+ATP channels, and α2-adrenergic receptors. HETa also exhibited antioxidant potential, reducing myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and increasing glutathione (GSH) levels. Moreover, it demonstrated anti-inflammatory action by reducing nitrite/nitrate levels and pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in vivo, and it increased in vitro proliferation/migration of fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that HETa presents a potent preventive and curative antiulcer effect in different ulcer models, supporting the popular use of homemade preparations of T. argentea leaves. The preventive and gastric healing ulcer activity of HETa involves multiple targets, including increasing the gastric mucus barrier, antioxidant defenses, and anti-inflammatory effects on gastric mucosa repair. Phytochemical analysis identified the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins in HETa, and the antiulcer activity may be attributable to the combined effect of these constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Luis Venturini
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil; Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Amilcar Sabino Damazo
- Histology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo José Dias Silva
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Centro, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Jessica de Araujo Isaias Muller
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Darley Maria Oliveira
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Sinop Campus, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana de Freitas Figueiredo
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Fioravante Di Serio
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Center for Studies in Stem Cells, Cell Therapy and Toxicological Genetics (CeTroGen), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Health and Development of the Midwest Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil.
| | - Domingos Tabajara de Oliveira Martins
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil; Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
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7
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Dyachenko EI, Bel’skaya LV. The Role of Amino Acids in Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Mechanisms in Cancer: A Review. Metabolites 2023; 14:28. [PMID: 38248831 PMCID: PMC10818545 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, the antioxidant properties of amino acids and their role in the physicochemical processes accompanying oxidative stress in cancer remain unclear. Cancer cells are known to extensively uptake amino acids, which are used as an energy source, antioxidant precursors that reduce oxidative stress in cancer, and as regulators of inhibiting or inducing tumor cell-associated gene expression. This review examines nine amino acids (Cys, His, Phe, Met, Trp, Tyr, Pro, Arg, Lys), which play a key role in the non-enzymatic oxidative process in various cancers. Conventionally, these amino acids can be divided into two groups, in one of which the activity increases (Cys, Phe, Met, Pro, Arg, Lys) in cancer, and in the other, it decreases (His, Trp, Tyr). The review examines changes in the metabolism of nine amino acids in eleven types of oncology. We have identified the main nonspecific mechanisms of changes in the metabolic activity of amino acids, and described direct and indirect effects on the redox homeostasis of cells. In the future, this will help to understand better the nature of life of a cancer cell and identify therapeutic targets more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lyudmila V. Bel’skaya
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Omsk State Pedagogical University, Omsk 644099, Russia;
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8
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Bui I, Baritaki S, Libra M, Zaravinos A, Bonavida B. Cancer Resistance Is Mediated by the Upregulation of Several Anti-Apoptotic Gene Products via the Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide Pathway: Therapeutic Implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:853-889. [PMID: 37466477 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Several therapeutic strategies for cancer treatments have been developed with time, and significant milestones have been achieved recently. However, with these novel therapies, not all cancer types respond and in the responding cancer types only a subset is affected. The failure to respond is principally the result that these cancers develop several mechanisms of resistance. Thus, a focus of current research investigations is to unravel the various mechanisms that regulate resistance and identify suitable targets for new therapeutics. Recent Advances: Hence, many human cancer types have been reported to overexpress the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and it has been suggested that iNOS/nitric oxide (NO) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of resistance. We have postulated that iNOS overexpression or NO regulates the overexpression of pivotal anti-apoptotic gene products such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma extra large (Bcl-xL), myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), and survivin. In this report, we describe the various mechanisms, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational, by which iNOS/NO regulates the expression of the above anti-apoptotic gene products. Critical Issues: The iNOS/NO-mediated regulation of the four gene products is not the same with both specific and overlapping pathways. Our findings are, in large part, validated by bioinformatic analyses demonstrating, in several cancers, several direct correlations between the expression of iNOS and each of the four examined anti-apoptotic gene products. Future Directions: We have proposed that targeting iNOS may be highly efficient since it will result in the underexpression of multiple anti-apoptotic proteins and shifting the balance toward the proapoptotic gene products and reversal of resistance. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 853-889.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indy Bui
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stavroula Baritaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Italian League Against Cancer, Catania, Italy
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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9
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Alsharabasy AM, Aljaabary A, Bohara R, Farràs P, Glynn SA, Pandit A. Nitric Oxide-Scavenging, Anti-Migration Effects, and Glycosylation Changes after Hemin Treatment of Human Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells: A Mechanistic Study. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1416-1432. [PMID: 37854626 PMCID: PMC10580390 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced expression of nitric oxide (•NO) synthase predicts triple-negative breast cancer outcome and its resistance to different therapeutics. Our earlier work demonstrated the efficiency of hemin to scavenge the intra- and extracellular •NO, proposing its potency as a therapeutic agent for inhibiting cancer cell migration. In continuation, the present work evaluates the effects of •NO on the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells and how hemin modulates the accompanied cellular behavior, focusing on the corresponding expression of cellular glycoproteins, migration-associated markers, and mitochondrial functions. We demonstrated for the first time that while •NO induced cell migration, hemin contradicted that by •NO-scavenging. This was in combination with modulation of the •NO-enhanced glycosylation patterns of cellular proteins with inhibition of the expression of specific proteins involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These effects were in conjunction with changes in the mitochondrial functions related to both •NO, hemin, and its nitrosylated product. Together, these results suggest that hemin can be employed as a potential anti-migrating agent targeting •NO-scavenging and regulating the expression of migration-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M. Alsharabasy
- CÚRAM,
SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Amal Aljaabary
- CÚRAM,
SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Raghvendra Bohara
- CÚRAM,
SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Pau Farràs
- CÚRAM,
SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
- School
of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Sharon A. Glynn
- CÚRAM,
SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
- Discipline
of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of
Medicine, University of Galway, Galway H91 YR71, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM,
SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
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10
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Koning T, Cordova F, Aguilar G, Sarmiento J, Mardones GA, Boric M, Varas-Godoy M, Lladser A, Duran WN, Ehrenfeld P, Sanchez FA. S-Nitrosylation in endothelial cells contributes to tumor cell adhesion and extravasation during breast cancer metastasis. Biol Res 2023; 56:51. [PMID: 37773178 PMCID: PMC10540418 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide is produced by different nitric oxide synthases isoforms. NO activates two signaling pathways, one dependent on soluble guanylate cyclase and protein kinase G, and other where NO post-translationally modifies proteins through S-nitrosylation, which is the modification induced by NO in free-thiol cysteines in proteins to form S-nitrosothiols. High levels of NO have been detected in blood of breast cancer patients and increased NOS activity has been detected in invasive breast tumors compared to benign or normal breast tissue, suggesting a positive correlation between NO biosynthesis, degree of malignancy and metastasis. During metastasis, the endothelium plays a key role allowing the adhesion of tumor cells, which is the first step in the extravasation process leading to metastasis. This step shares similarities with leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium, and it is plausible that it may also share some regulatory elements. The vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expressed on the endothelial cell surface promotes interactions between the endothelium and tumor cells, as well as leukocytes. Data show that breast tumor cells adhere to areas in the vasculature where NO production is increased, however, the mechanisms involved are unknown. RESULTS We report that the stimulation of endothelial cells with interleukin-8, and conditioned medium from breast tumor cells activates the S-nitrosylation pathway in the endothelium to induce leukocyte adhesion and tumor cell extravasation by a mechanism that involves an increased VCAM-1 cell surface expression in endothelial cells. We identified VCAM-1 as an S-nitrosylation target during this process. The inhibition of NO signaling and S-nitrosylation blocked the transmigration of tumor cells through endothelial monolayers. Using an in vivo model, the number of lung metastases was inhibited in the presence of the S-nitrosylation inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which was correlated with lower levels of S-nitrosylated VCAM-1 in the metastases. CONCLUSIONS S-Nitrosylation in the endothelium activates pathways that enhance VCAM-1 surface localization to promote binding of leukocytes and extravasation of tumor cells leading to metastasis. NAC is positioned as an important tool that might be tested as a co-therapy against breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Koning
- Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, 511-0566, Valdivia, Chile
- Escuela de Graduados de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, 511-0566, Valdivia, Chile
| | - F Cordova
- Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, 511-0566, Valdivia, Chile
| | - G Aguilar
- Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, 511-0566, Valdivia, Chile
| | - J Sarmiento
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, 511-0566, Valdivia, Chile
| | - G A Mardones
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, 511-0566, Valdivia, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile
| | - M Boric
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Varas-Godoy
- Cancer Cell Biology Lab., Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, 7510157, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, 7780272, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Lladser
- Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, 7780272, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - W N Duran
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - P Ehrenfeld
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, 511-0566, Valdivia, Chile.
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5110566, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - F A Sanchez
- Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, 511-0566, Valdivia, Chile.
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5110566, Valdivia, Chile.
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11
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Passos ID, Papadimitriou D, Katsouda A, Papavasileiou GE, Galatas A, Tzitzis P, Mpakosi A, Mironidou-Tzouveleki M. In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Docetaxel and Dasatinib in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Research Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e43534. [PMID: 37719631 PMCID: PMC10500968 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises a heterogeneous group of tumors with a single trait in common: an evident aggressive nature with higher rates of relapse and lower overall survival in the metastatic context when compared to other subtypes of breast cancer. To date, not a single targeted therapy has been approved for the treatment of TNBC, and cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the standard treatment. In the present experimental study, we examine the effects of the chemotherapeutic docetaxel and the bcr/abl kinase inhibitor dasatinib on TNBC cell lines (in vitro) and on TNBC tumor xenograft mouse models (in vivo). Materials and methods TNBC cell lines were cultivated and treated with various concentrations of docetaxel and dasatinib (5 nM to 100 nM). Cell death and apoptosis were studied by flow cytometry. TNBC cell lines were then injected in BALB/c athymic nude mice to express the tumor in vivo. Four groups of mice were created (group A: control; group B: DOC; group C: DAS; group D: DOC + DAS) and treated, respectively, with the drugs and their combination. Tumors were obtained, maintained in a 10% formaldehyde solution, embedded in paraffin, and sent for further histological evaluation (hematoxylin-eosin staining and immune-histochemical analysis) to assess the tumor growth inhibition. Results The cytotoxic effects of docetaxel seem statistically important, with little effect on apoptosis. The effect of dasatinib in vitro and vivo is statistically important, in terms of apoptosis and tumor reduction, with little adverse effects. Conclusions TNBC is a difficult-to-treat oncologic condition, even in an experimental setting. Promising results concerning the addition of targeted therapies (dasatinib) to the conventional cytotoxic ones (docetaxel) have been shown, awaiting further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis D Passos
- Surgical Department, 219 Mobile Army Surgical Hospital, Didymoteicho, GRC
| | - Dimochristos Papadimitriou
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, General Hospital of Thessaloniki "G. Gennimatas" /Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Areti Katsouda
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | | | - Apostolos Galatas
- Surgical Department, 219 Mobile Army Surgical Hospital, Didymoteicho, GRC
| | - Panagiotis Tzitzis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Medical Faculty, Papageorgiou General Hospital/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Alexandra Mpakosi
- Department of Microbiology, General State Hospital of Nikaia "Saint Panteleimon", Nikaia, GRC
| | - Maria Mironidou-Tzouveleki
- 1st Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
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12
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Merkley MB, Soriano D, Jones KL, Summers JA. The Effects of Nitric Oxide on Choroidal Gene Expression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.16.545343. [PMID: 37398322 PMCID: PMC10312785 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.16.545343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Nitric oxide (NO) is recognized as an important biological mediator that controls several physiological functions, and evidence is now emerging that this molecule may play a significant role in the postnatal control of ocular growth and myopia development. We therefore sought to understand the role that nitric oxide plays in visually-guided ocular growth in order to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms of this process. Methods Choroids were incubated in organ culture in the presence of the NO donor, PAPA-NONOate (1.5 mM). Following RNA extraction, bulk RNA-seq was used to quantify and compare choroidal gene expression in the presence and absence of PAPA-NONOate. We used bioinformatics to identify enriched canonical pathways, predicted diseases and functions, and regulatory effects of NO in the choroid. Results Upon treatment of normal chick choroids with the NO donor, PAPA-NONOate, we identified a total of 837 differentially expressed genes (259 upregulated genes, 578 down-regulated genes) compared with untreated controls. Among these, the top five upregulated genes were LSMEM1, STEAP4, HSPB9, and CCL19, and the top five down-regulated genes were CDCA3, SMC2, a novel gene (ENSALGALG00000050836), an uncharacterized gene (LOC107054158), and SPAG5. Bioinformatics predicted that NO treatment will activate pathways involved in cell and organismal death, necrosis, and cardiovascular system development, and inhibit pathways involved in cell proliferation, cell movement, and gene expression. Conclusions The findings reported herein may provide insight into possible effects of NO in the choroid during visually regulated eye growth, and help to identify targeted therapies for the treatment of myopia and other ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makenzie B Merkley
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, United States
| | - Diana Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, United States
| | | | - Jody A Summers
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, United States
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13
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Reddy TP, Glynn SA, Billiar TR, Wink DA, Chang JC. Targeting Nitric Oxide: Say NO to Metastasis. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1855-1868. [PMID: 36520504 PMCID: PMC10183809 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing targeted therapies capable of reducing cancer metastasis, targeting chemoresistant and self-renewing cancer stem cells, and augmenting the efficacy of systemic chemo/radiotherapies is vital to minimize cancer-associated mortality. Targeting nitric oxide synthase (NOS), a protein within the tumor microenvironment, has gained interest as a promising therapeutic strategy to reduce metastatic capacity and augment the efficacy of chemo/radiotherapies in various solid malignancies. Our review highlights the influence of nitric oxide (NO) in tumor progression and cancer metastasis, as well as promising preclinical studies that evaluated NOS inhibitors as anticancer therapies. Lastly, we highlight the prospects and outstanding challenges of using NOS inhibitors in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswini P. Reddy
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
- Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sharon A. Glynn
- Prostate Cancer Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Timothy R. Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David A. Wink
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Jenny C. Chang
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
- Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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14
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Azari M, Bahreini F, Uversky VN, Rezaei N. Current therapeutic approaches and promising perspectives of using bioengineered peptides in fighting chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 210:115459. [PMID: 36813121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a collation of malignancies that manifest in the mammary glands at the early stages. Among breast cancer subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) shows the most aggressive behavior, with apparent stemness features. Owing to the lack of response to hormone therapy and specific targeted therapies, chemotherapy remains the first line of the TNBC treatment. However, the acquisition of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents increase therapy failure, and promotes cancer recurrence and distant metastasis. Invasive primary tumors are the birthplace of cancer burden, though metastasis is a key attribute of TNBC-associated morbidity and mortality. Targeting the chemoresistant metastases-initiating cells via specific therapeutic agents with affinity to the upregulated molecular targets is a promising step in the TNBC clinical management. Exploring the capacity of peptides as biocompatible entities with the specificity of action, low immunogenicity, and robust efficacy provides a principle for designing peptide-based drugs capable of increasing the efficacy of current chemotherapy agents for selective targeting of the drug-tolerant TNBC cells. Here, we first focus on the resistance mechanisms that TNBC cells acquire to evade the effect of chemotherapeutic agents. Next, the novel therapeutic approaches employing tumor-targeting peptides to exploit the mechanisms of drug resistance in chemorefractory TNBC are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Azari
- School of Chemical Engineering-Biotechnology, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farbod Bahreini
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Carrión MD, Rubio-Ruiz B, Franco-Montalban F, Amoia P, Zuccarini MC, De Simone C, Camacho ME, Amoroso R, Maccallini C. New amidine-benzenesulfonamides as iNOS inhibitors for the therapy of the triple negative breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 248:115112. [PMID: 36641860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a specific breast cancer subtype, and poor prognosis is associated to this tumour when it is in the metastatic form. The overexpression of the inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) is considered a predictor of poor outcome in TNBC patients, and this enzyme is reported as a valuable molecular target to compromise TNBC progression. In this work, new amidines containing a benzenesulfonamide group were designed and synthesized as selective iNOS inhibitors. An in vitro biological evaluation was performed to assess compounds activity against both the inducible and constitutive NOSs. The most interesting compounds 1b and 2b were evaluated on MDA-MB-231 cells as antiproliferative agents, and 1b capability to counteract cell migration was also studied. Finally, an in-depth docking study was performed to shed light on the observed potency and selectivity of action of the most promising compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dora Carrión
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Belén Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avda. Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Franco-Montalban
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Pasquale Amoia
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Chiara De Simone
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Encarnación Camacho
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Cristina Maccallini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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Dai Y, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Song Z. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Paclitaxel-aminoguanidine Conjugates for Suppressing Breast Cancer. Curr Org Synth 2023; 20:890-896. [PMID: 36974410 DOI: 10.2174/1570179420666230327090545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A combination of paclitaxel with antineoplastic agents or paclitaxel alone was used clinically for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. However, paclitaxel has poor water solubility and limited effect on some metastatic breast cancers. Hence, novel paclitaxel derivatives are in demand. In addition, the inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, and aminoguanidine has a synergistic antitumor effect with chemotherapeutics. OBJECTIVE This study aims to design and synthesize the paclitaxel-aminoguanidine conjugates. Upon cellular internalization, the novel paclitaxel-aminoguanidine conjugates could release paclitaxel and aminoguanidine with the aid of esterase and weak acids in cancer cells. METHODS Paclitaxel-aminoguanidine conjugates were synthesized using click chemistry. The biological activity of paclitaxel-aminoguanidine conjugates was evaluated by MTT assay, determination of nitric oxide, analysis of apoptosis and cell cycle, and wound healing assay. RESULTS Here, a novel paclitaxel-aminoguanidine conjugate was synthesized using click chemistry. Compared with paclitaxel, the water solubility of paclitaxel-aminoguanidine conjugates increased obviously. Upon cellular internalization, the novel paclitaxel-aminoguanidine conjugates released paclitaxel and aminoguanidine to synergistically inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells with the aid of esterase and weak acids in cancer cells. The results of the MTT assay showed that compared with paclitaxel or the mixture of paclitaxel and aminoguanidine, the cytotoxicity of compound 4 against 4T1 cells was enhanced. As for apoptosis induced by these compounds, the paclitaxel-aminoguanidine conjugates also had a stronger ability to induce apoptosis than paclitaxel or the mixture of paclitaxel and aminoguanidine. The results of the scratch test showed that the anti-metastatic effect of the conjugate was the strongest among these tested compounds. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that paclitaxel-aminoguanidine conjugate is a promising anticancer agent worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- The first affiliated hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Lvfeng Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Zurong Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei, 230088, China
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Chemopreventive Properties of Black Raspberries and Strawberries in Esophageal Cancer Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091815. [PMID: 36139889 PMCID: PMC9495642 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the most fetal malignancies in the world. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (AC) are two main types of esophageal cancer and each with distinct epidemiological, etiological and histopathological characteristics. The continued global prevalence of tobacco use and alcohol consumption, coupled with limited intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, ensures that esophageal cancer will remain one of the major health threats. In addition to promoting quitting smoking and alcohol abuse, one of the strategies of cancer prevention is to identify foods, food components, or dietary patterns that can prevent or delay the onset of esophageal cancer. A food-based approach has the advantage of a complex of mixtures of bioactive components simultaneously targeting multiple processes in carcinogenesis. We have employed a preclinical rodent model of esophageal SCC to assess the effects of black raspberries (BRB) and strawberries. Our investigations demonstrate that BRB and strawberries are potent inhibitors of esophageal cancer. To prepare for this review, a literature search was performed to screen BRB and strawberries against esophageal cancer using electronic databases from PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar. Search was conducted covering the period from January 2000 to June 2022. Our present review has provided a systematic review about chemopreventive effects of BRB and strawberries in esophageal cancer by collecting and compiling diverse research findings from the above sources. In this review, we discussed the anti-tumor potentials of BRB and strawberries in esophageal SCC and esophageal AC separately. For each cancer type, we discuss animal models and research findings from both animal bioassays and human clinical studies. We also discuss the potential mechanisms of action of berries and their key bioactive components.
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18
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The Breast Cancer Protooncogenes HER2, BRCA1 and BRCA2 and Their Regulation by the iNOS/NOS2 Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061195. [PMID: 35740092 PMCID: PMC9227079 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS2) and derived NO in various cancers was reported to exert pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects depending on the levels of expression and the tumor types. In humans, the breast cancer level of iNOS was reported to be overexpressed, to exhibit pro-tumorigenic activities, and to be of prognostic significance. Likewise, the expression of the oncogenes HER2, BRCA1, and BRCA2 has been associated with malignancy. The interrelationship between the expression of these protooncogenes and oncogenes and the expression of iNOS is not clear. We have hypothesized that there exist cross-talk signaling pathways between the breast cancer protooncogenes, the iNOS axis, and iNOS-mediated NO mutations of these protooncogenes into oncogenes. We review the molecular regulation of the expression of the protooncogenes in breast cancer and their interrelationships with iNOS expression and activities. In addition, we discuss the roles of iNOS, HER2, BRCA1/2, and NO metabolism in the pathophysiology of cancer stem cells. Bioinformatic analyses have been performed and have found suggested molecular alterations responsible for breast cancer aggressiveness. These include the association of BRCA1/2 mutations and HER2 amplifications with the dysregulation of the NOS pathway. We propose that future studies should be undertaken to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the expression of iNOS and various breast cancer oncogenes, with the aim of identifying new therapeutic targets for the treatment of breast cancers that are refractory to current treatments.
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Salihi A, Al-Naqshabandi MA, Khudhur ZO, Housein Z, Hama HA, Abdullah RM, Hussen BM, Alkasalias T. Gasotransmitters in the tumor microenvironment: Impacts on cancer chemotherapy (Review). Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:233. [PMID: 35616143 PMCID: PMC9178674 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide are three endogenous gasotransmitters that serve a role in regulating normal and pathological cellular activities. They can stimulate or inhibit cancer cell proliferation and invasion, as well as interfere with cancer cell responses to drug treatments. Understanding the molecular pathways governing the interactions between these gases and the tumor microenvironment can be utilized for the identification of a novel technique to disrupt cancer cell interactions and may contribute to the conception of effective and safe cancer therapy strategies. The present review discusses the effects of these gases in modulating the action of chemotherapies, as well as prospective pharmacological and therapeutic interfering approaches. A deeper knowledge of the mechanisms that underpin the cellular and pharmacological effects, as well as interactions, of each of the three gases could pave the way for therapeutic treatments and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Salihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University‑Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001, Iraq
| | - Mohammed A Al-Naqshabandi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001, Iraq
| | - Zhikal Omar Khudhur
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001, Iraq
| | - Zjwan Housein
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Technical Health and Medical College, Erbil Polytechnique University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44002, Iraq
| | - Harmand A Hama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44002, Iraq
| | - Ramyar M Abdullah
- College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44002, Iraq
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44002, Iraq
| | - Twana Alkasalias
- General Directorate of Scientific Research Center, Salahaddin University‑Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44002, Iraq
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Abdel-Latif M, Riad A, Soliman RA, Elkhouly AM, Nafae H, Gad MZ, Motaal AA, Youness RA. MALAT-1/p53/miR-155/miR-146a ceRNA circuit tuned by methoxylated quercitin glycoside alters immunogenic and oncogenic profiles of breast cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1281-1293. [PMID: 35129780 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive and hot BC subtypes. Our research group has recently shed the light on the utility of natural compounds as effective immunotherapeutic agents. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of a methoxylated quercetin glycoside (MQG) isolated from Cleome droserifolia in harnessing TNBC progression and tuning the tumor microenvironment and natural killer cells cytotoxicity. Results showed that MQG showed the highest potency (IC50 = 12 µM) in repressing cellular proliferation, colony-forming ability, migration, and invasion capacities. Mechanistically, MQG was found to modulate a circuit of competing endogenous RNAs where it was found to reduce the oncogenic MALAT-1 lncRNA and induce TP53 and its downstream miRNAs; miR-155 and miR-146a. Accordingly, this leads to alteration in several downstream signaling pathways such as nitric oxide synthesizing machinery, natural killer cells' cytotoxicity through inducing the expression of its activating ligands such as MICA/B, ULBP2, CD155, and ICAM-1 and trimming of the immune-suppressive cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-10. In conclusion, this study shows that MQG act as a compelling anti-cancer agent repressing TNBC hallmarks, activating immune cell recognition, and alleviating the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment experienced by TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Abdel-Latif
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Riad
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Raghda A Soliman
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aisha M Elkhouly
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Nafae
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z Gad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira Abdel Motaal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana A Youness
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt. .,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo, 11578, Egypt.
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21
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Khare VM, Saxena VK, Pasternak MA, Nyinawabera A, Singh KB, Ashby CR, Tiwari AK, Tang Y. The expression profiles of chemokines, innate immune and apoptotic genes in tumors caused by Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV-A) in chickens. Genes Immun 2021; 23:12-22. [PMID: 34934184 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-021-00158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune genes play an important role in the immune responses to Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-induced tumor formation and metastasis. Here, we determined in vivo expression of chemokines, innate immune and apoptotic genes in Synthetic Broiler Dam Line (SDL) chickens following RSV-A infection. The mRNA expression of genes was determined at the primary site of infection and in different organs of progressor, regressor and non-responder chicks, using RT-qPCR. Our results indicated a significant upregulation of: (1) chemokines, such as MIP1β and RANTES, (2) the innate immune gene TLR4, and (3) p53, a tumor-suppressor gene, at the site of primary infection in progressor chickens. In contrast, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression was significantly downregulated in progressor chicks compared to uninfected, control chicks. All of the innate immune genes were significantly upregulated in the lungs and liver of the progressor and regressor chicks compared to control chicks. In the spleen of progressor chicks, RANTES, iNOS and p53 gene expression were significantly increased, whereas MIP1β and TLR4 gene expression was significantly downregulated, compared to control chicks. The lungs and livers of non-responder chicks expressed a low level of iNOS and MIP1β, whereas RANTES, TLR4, and p53 gene expression were significantly upregulated compared to uninfected control chicks. In addition, there was a significant downregulation of RANTES, MIP1β, and TLR4 gene expression in non-responder chicks. These results suggest the different response to infection of chicks with RSV-A is due to differential changes in the expression of innate immune genes in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwa M Khare
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Disease Genetics and Biotechnology Lab, CARI, Izatnagar, UP, 243 122, India.
| | - Vishesh K Saxena
- Disease Genetics and Biotechnology Lab, CARI, Izatnagar, UP, 243 122, India
| | - Mariah A Pasternak
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Angelique Nyinawabera
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Kunwar B Singh
- Animal Science Department, Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, USA
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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22
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Pillars and Gaps of S-Nitrosylation-Dependent Epigenetic Regulation in Physiology and Cancer. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121424. [PMID: 34947954 PMCID: PMC8704633 DOI: 10.3390/life11121424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a diffusible signaling molecule produced by three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase, which release NO during the metabolism of the amino acid arginine. NO participates in pathophysiological responses of many different tissues, inducing concentration-dependent effect. Indeed, while low NO levels generally have protective effects, higher NO concentrations induce cytotoxic/cytostatic actions. In recent years, evidences have been accumulated unveiling S-nitrosylation as a major NO-dependent post-translational mechanism ruling gene expression. S-nitrosylation is a reversible, highly regulated phenomenon in which NO reacts with one or few specific cysteine residues of target proteins generating S-nitrosothiols. By inducing this chemical modification, NO might exert epigenetic regulation through direct effects on both DNA and histones as well as through indirect actions affecting the functions of transcription factors and transcriptional co-regulators. In this light, S-nitrosylation may also impact on cancer cell gene expression programs. Indeed, it affects different cell pathways and functions ranging from the impairment of DNA damage repair to the modulation of the activity of signal transduction molecules, oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and chromatin remodelers. Nitrosylation is therefore a versatile tool by which NO might control gene expression programs in health and disease.
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23
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Chung AW, Anand K, Anselme AC, Chan AA, Gupta N, Venta LA, Schwartz MR, Qian W, Xu Y, Zhang L, Kuhn J, Patel T, Rodriguez AA, Belcheva A, Darcourt J, Ensor J, Bernicker E, Pan PY, Chen SH, Lee DJ, Niravath PA, Chang JC. A phase 1/2 clinical trial of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NMMA and taxane for treating chemoresistant triple-negative breast cancer. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabj5070. [PMID: 34910551 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj5070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Chung
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.,Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kartik Anand
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ann C Anselme
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.,Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Nakul Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Luz A Venta
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary R Schwartz
- Houston Methodist Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Qian
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yitian Xu
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John Kuhn
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Tejal Patel
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of General Oncology MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Anna Belcheva
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Joe Ensor
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Ping-Ying Pan
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shu Hsia Chen
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Delphine J Lee
- Lundquist Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine at Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Jenny C Chang
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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24
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Soltan OM, Shoman ME, Abdel-Aziz SA, Narumi A, Konno H, Abdel-Aziz M. Molecular hybrids: A five-year survey on structures of multiple targeted hybrids of protein kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113768. [PMID: 34450497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases have grown over the past few years as a crucial target for different cancer types. With the multifactorial nature of cancer, and the fast development of drug resistance for conventional chemotherapeutics, a strategy for designing multi-target agents was suggested to potentially increase drug efficacy, minimize side effects and retain the proper pharmacokinetic properties. Kinase inhibitors were used extensively in such strategy. Different kinase inhibitor agents which target EGFR, VEGFR, c-Met, CDK, PDK and other targets were merged into hybrids with conventional chemotherapeutics such as tubulin polymerization and topoisomerase inhibitors. Other hybrids were designed gathering kinase inhibitors with targeted cancer therapy such as HDAC, PARP, HSP 90 inhibitors. Nitric oxide donor molecules were also merged with kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy. The current review presents the hybrids designed in the past five years discussing their design principles, results and highlights their future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M Soltan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Mai E Shoman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519, Minia, Egypt.
| | - Salah A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 61111, Minia, Egypt
| | - Atsushi Narumi
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519, Minia, Egypt.
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25
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Leonard NA, Reidy E, Thompson K, McDermott E, Peerani E, Tomas Bort E, Balkwill FR, Loessner D, Ryan AE. Stromal Cells Promote Matrix Deposition, Remodelling and an Immunosuppressive Tumour Microenvironment in a 3D Model of Colon Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235998. [PMID: 34885111 PMCID: PMC8656544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer in the world. Immune cells and normal supporting cells (MSCs) within a tumour affect patient survival and change how well treatments work. This research aimed to develop a more relevant 3D cancer model that combines MSCs and immune cells with cancer cells to test the effects of multiple cell types on tumour growth. We successfully developed a 3D model that shows that MSCs and immune cells can change the cancer-supporting environment around the tumour cells. We show that combining MSCs and immune cells with cancer cells can increase the level of immune-suppressing molecules they release and change immunotherapeutic drug targets on the cancer cells, similar to changes seen in human tumours. Using this 3D model for research may be better for testing new drugs than traditional 2D methods and could enable the identification of new drug targets. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. CRC develops in a complex tumour microenvironment (TME) with both mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and immune infiltrate, shown to alter disease progression and treatment response. We hypothesised that an accessible, affordable model of CRC that combines multiple cell types will improve research translation to the clinic and enable the identification of novel therapeutic targets. A viable gelatine-methacrloyl-based hydrogel culture system that incorporates CRC cells with MSCs and a monocyte cell line was developed. Gels were analysed on day 10 by PCR, cytokine array, microscopy and flow cytometry. The addition of stromal cells increased transcription of matrix remodelling proteins FN1 and MMP9, induced release of tumour-promoting immune molecules MIF, Serpin E1, CXCL1, IL-8 and CXCL12 and altered cancer cell expression of immunotherapeutic targets EGFR, CD47 and PD-L1. Treatment with PD153035, an EGFR inhibitor, revealed altered CRC expression of PD-L1 but only in gels lacking MSCs. We established a viable 3D model of CRC that combined cancer cells, MSCs and monocytic cells that can be used to research the role the stroma plays in the TME, identify novel therapeutic targets and improve the transitional efficacy of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh A. Leonard
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland;
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
- Correspondence: (N.A.L.); (A.E.R.)
| | - Eileen Reidy
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland;
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
| | - Kerry Thompson
- Centre for Microscopy and Imaging, Anatomy, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland; (K.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Emma McDermott
- Centre for Microscopy and Imaging, Anatomy, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland; (K.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Eleonora Peerani
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.P.); (E.T.B.); (F.R.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Elena Tomas Bort
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.P.); (E.T.B.); (F.R.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Frances R. Balkwill
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.P.); (E.T.B.); (F.R.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Daniela Loessner
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.P.); (E.T.B.); (F.R.B.); (D.L.)
- Faculty of Engineering and Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Aideen E. Ryan
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland;
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
- Correspondence: (N.A.L.); (A.E.R.)
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26
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Figueiredo P, Lepland A, Scodeller P, Fontana F, Torrieri G, Tiboni M, Shahbazi MA, Casettari L, Kostiainen MA, Hirvonen J, Teesalu T, Santos HA. Peptide-guided resiquimod-loaded lignin nanoparticles convert tumor-associated macrophages from M2 to M1 phenotype for enhanced chemotherapy. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:231-243. [PMID: 33011297 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicines represent innovative and promising alternative technologies to improve the therapeutic effects of different drugs for cancer ablation. Targeting M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has emerged as a favorable therapeutic approach to fight against cancer through the modulation of the tumor microenvironment. However, the immunomodulatory molecules used for this purpose present side effects upon systemic administration, which limits their clinical translation. Here, the biocompatible lignin polymer is used to prepare lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) that carry a dual agonist of the toll-like receptors TLR7/8 (resiquimod, R848). These LNPs are targeted to the CD206-positive M2-like TAMs using the "mUNO" peptide, in order to revert their pro-tumor phenotype into anti-tumor M1-like macrophages in the tumor microenvironment of an aggressive triple-negative in vivo model of breast cancer. Overall, we show that targeting the resiquimod (R848)-loaded LNPs to the M2-like macrophages, using very low doses of R848, induces a profound shift in the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment towards an anti-tumor immune state, by increasing the representation of M1-like macrophages, cytotoxic T cells, and activated dendritic cells. This effect consequently enhances the anticancer effect of the vinblastine (Vin) when co-administered with R848-loaded LNPs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Lignin-based nanoparticles (LNPs) were successfully developed to target a potent TLR7/8 agonist (R848) of the tumor microenvironment (TME). This was achieved by targeting the mannose receptor (CD206) on the tumor supportive (M2-like) macrophages with the "mUNO" peptide, to reprogram them into an anti-tumor (M1-like) phenotype for enhanced chemotherapy. LNPs modified the biodistribution of the R848, and enhanced its accumulation and efficacy in shifting the immunological profile of the cells in the TME, which was not achieved by systemic administration of free R848. Moreover, a reduction in the tumor volumes was observed at lower equivalent doses of R848 compared with other studies. Therefore, the co-administration of R848@LNPs is a promising chemotherapeutic application in aggressive tumors, such as the triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Figueiredo
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anni Lepland
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pablo Scodeller
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Flavia Fontana
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giulia Torrieri
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mattia Tiboni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 56184-45139 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Luca Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Mauri A Kostiainen
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Jouni Hirvonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tambet Teesalu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA; Cancer Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, 92037, CA, USA.
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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27
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Gonçalves DA, Jasiulionis MG, de Melo FHM. The Role of the BH4 Cofactor in Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity and Cancer Progression: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9546. [PMID: 34502450 PMCID: PMC8431490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer development is associated with abnormal proliferation, genetic instability, cell death resistance, metabolic reprogramming, immunity evasion, and metastasis. These alterations are triggered by genetic and epigenetic alterations in genes that control cell homeostasis. Increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) induced by different enzymes and reactions with distinct molecules contribute to malignant transformation and tumor progression by modifying DNA, proteins, and lipids, altering their activities. Nitric oxide synthase plays a central role in oncogenic signaling modulation and redox landscape. Overexpression of the three NOS isoforms has been found in innumerous types of cancer contributing to tumor growth and development. Although the main function of NOS is the production of nitric oxide (NO), it can be a source of ROS in some pathological conditions. Decreased tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) cofactor availability is involved in NOS dysfunction, leading to ROS production and reduced levels of NO. The regulation of NOSs by BH4 in cancer is controversial since BH4 has been reported as a pro-tumoral or an antitumoral molecule. Therefore, in this review, the role of BH4 in the control of NOS activity and its involvement in the capabilities acquired along tumor progression of different cancers was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Assis Gonçalves
- Micro-Imuno-Parasitology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil;
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Henriques Machado de Melo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Institute of Medical Assistance to Public Servants of the State (IAMSPE), São Paulo 04039-000, Brazil
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28
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The role of extracellular matrix in tumour angiogenesis: the throne has NOx servants. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:2539-2555. [PMID: 33150941 PMCID: PMC7752075 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) dynamics in tumour tissue are deregulated compared to the ECM in healthy tissue along with disorganized architecture and irregular behaviour of the residing cells. Nitric oxide (NO) as a pleiotropic molecule exerts different effects on the components of the ECM driving or inhibiting augmented angiogenesis and tumour progression and tumour cell proliferation and metastasis. These effects rely on the concentration of NO within the tumour tissue, the nature of the surrounding microenvironment and the sensitivity of resident cells to NO. In this review article, we summarize the recent findings on the correlation between the levels of NO and the ECM components towards the modulation of tumour angiogenesis in different types of cancers. These are discussed principally in the context of how NO modulates the expression of ECM proteins resulting in either the promotion or inhibition of tumour growth via tumour angiogenesis. Furthermore, the regulatory effects of individual ECM components on the expression of the NO synthase enzymes and NO production were reviewed. These findings support the current efforts for developing effective therapeutics for cancers.
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29
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Chen CL, Hsu SC, Ann DK, Yen Y, Kung HJ. Arginine Signaling and Cancer Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3541. [PMID: 34298755 PMCID: PMC8306961 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine is an amino acid critically involved in multiple cellular processes including the syntheses of nitric oxide and polyamines, and is a direct activator of mTOR, a nutrient-sensing kinase strongly implicated in carcinogenesis. Yet, it is also considered as a non- or semi-essential amino acid, due to normal cells' intrinsic ability to synthesize arginine from citrulline and aspartate via ASS1 (argininosuccinate synthase 1) and ASL (argininosuccinate lyase). As such, arginine can be used as a dietary supplement and its depletion as a therapeutic strategy. Strikingly, in over 70% of tumors, ASS1 transcription is suppressed, rendering the cells addicted to external arginine, forming the basis of arginine-deprivation therapy. In this review, we will discuss arginine as a signaling metabolite, arginine's role in cancer metabolism, arginine as an epigenetic regulator, arginine as an immunomodulator, and arginine as a therapeutic target. We will also provide a comprehensive summary of ADI (arginine deiminase)-based arginine-deprivation preclinical studies and an update of clinical trials for ADI and arginase. The different cell killing mechanisms associated with various cancer types will also be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Miaoli County, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Chieh Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30035, Taiwan;
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - David K. Ann
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Yun Yen
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Miaoli County, Taiwan;
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Sahebnasagh A, Saghafi F, Negintaji S, Hu T, Shabani-Boroujeni M, Safdari M, Ghaleno HR, Miao L, Qi Y, Wang M, Liao P, Sureda A, Simal-Gándara J, Nabavi SM, Xiao J. Nitric Oxide and Immune Responses in Cancer: Searching for New Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1561-1595. [PMID: 34238142 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210707194543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in understanding the mysterious functions of nitric oxide (NO) and how this pleiotropic signaling molecule contributes to tumorigenesis. This review attempts to expose and discuss the information available on the immunomodulatory role of NO in cancer and recent approaches to the role of NO donors in the area of immunotherapy. To address the goal, the following databases were searched to identify relevant literature concerning empirical evidence: The Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Medline, EMBASE from 1980 through March 2020. Valuable attempts have been made to develop distinctive NO-based cancer therapy. Although the data do not allow generalization, the evidence seems to indicate that low / moderate levels may favor tumorigenesis while higher levels would exert anti-tumor effects. In this sense, the use of NO donors could have an important therapeutic potential within immunotherapy, although there are still no clinical trials. The emerging understanding of NO-regulated immune responses in cancer may help unravel the recent features of this "double-edged sword" in cancer physiological and pathologic processes and its potential use as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. In short, in this review, we discuss the complex cellular mechanism in which NO, as a pleiotropic signaling molecule, participates in cancer pathophysiology. We also debate the dual role of NO in cancer and tumor progression, and clinical approaches for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) based therapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeleh Sahebnasagh
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Saghafi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sina Negintaji
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Tingyan Hu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mojtaba Shabani-Boroujeni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Safdari
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hassan Rezai Ghaleno
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Lingchao Miao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yaping Qi
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Mingfu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road. Hong Kong, China
| | - Pan Liao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gándara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
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Sadek J, Hall DT, Colalillo B, Omer A, Tremblay AK, Sanguin‐Gendreau V, Muller W, Di Marco S, Bianchi ME, Gallouzi I. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of iNOS prevents cachexia-mediated muscle wasting and its associated metabolism defects. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13591. [PMID: 34096686 PMCID: PMC8261493 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia syndrome develops in patients with diseases such as cancer and sepsis and is characterized by progressive muscle wasting. While iNOS is one of the main effectors of cachexia, its mechanism of action and whether it could be targeted for therapy remains unexplored. Here, we show that iNOS knockout mice and mice treated with the clinically tested iNOS inhibitor GW274150 are protected against muscle wasting in models of both septic and cancer cachexia. We demonstrate that iNOS triggers muscle wasting by disrupting mitochondrial content, morphology, and energy production processes such as the TCA cycle and acylcarnitine transport. Notably, iNOS inhibits oxidative phosphorylation through impairment of complexes II and IV of the electron transport chain and reduces ATP production, leading to energetic stress, activation of AMPK, suppression of mTOR, and, ultimately, muscle atrophy. Importantly, all these effects were reversed by GW274150. Therefore, our data establish how iNOS induces muscle wasting under cachectic conditions and provide a proof of principle for the repurposing of iNOS inhibitors, such as GW274150 for the treatment of cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Sadek
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Derek T Hall
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell ResearchRegenerative Medicine ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaONCanada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Bianca Colalillo
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Amr Omer
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Anne‐Marie K Tremblay
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Virginie Sanguin‐Gendreau
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - William Muller
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Sergio Di Marco
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Marco Emilio Bianchi
- Division of Genetics and Cell BiologyChromatin Dynamics UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Imed‐Eddine Gallouzi
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- KAUST Smart‐Health Initiative and Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)JeddahSaudi Arabia
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Inhibition of immunotoxicity of Pb2+-induced RAW264.7 macrophages by selenium species in selenium-enriched rice. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 148:111943. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Mintz J, Vedenko A, Rosete O, Shah K, Goldstein G, Hare JM, Ramasamy R, Arora H. Current Advances of Nitric Oxide in Cancer and Anticancer Therapeutics. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:94. [PMID: 33513777 PMCID: PMC7912608 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived, ubiquitous signaling molecule that affects numerous critical functions in the body. There are markedly conflicting findings in the literature regarding the bimodal effects of NO in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, which has important consequences for treatment. Several preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that both pro- and antitumorigenic effects of NO depend on multiple aspects, including, but not limited to, tissue of generation, the level of production, the oxidative/reductive (redox) environment in which this radical is generated, the presence or absence of NO transduction elements, and the tumor microenvironment. Generally, there are four major categories of NO-based anticancer therapies: NO donors, phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-i), soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activators, and immunomodulators. Of these, NO donors are well studied, well characterized, and also the most promising. In this study, we review the current knowledge in this area, with an emphasis placed on the role of NO as an anticancer therapy and dysregulated molecular interactions during the evolution of cancer, highlighting the strategies that may aid in the targeting of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Mintz
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL 33328, USA;
| | - Anastasia Vedenko
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (A.V.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Omar Rosete
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Khushi Shah
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA;
| | - Gabriella Goldstein
- College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Joshua M. Hare
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (A.V.); (J.M.H.)
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Himanshu Arora
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (A.V.); (J.M.H.)
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Kovaleva OV, Rashidova MA, Samoilova DV, Podlesnaya PA, Tabiev RM, Mochalnikova VV, Gratchev A. CHID1 Is a Novel Prognostic Marker of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010450. [PMID: 33466316 PMCID: PMC7795388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for identification of new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we evaluated immune cells markers in 100 NSCLC specimens. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed no prognostic value for the markers studied, except CD163 and CD206. At the same time, macrophage markers iNOS and CHID1 were found to be expressed in tumor cells and associated with prognosis. We showed that high iNOS expression is a marker of favorable prognosis for squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC), and NSCLC in general. Similarly, high CHID1 expression is a marker of good prognosis in adenocarcinoma and in NSCLC in general. Analysis of prognostic significance of a high CHID1/iNOS expression combination showed favorable prognosis with 20 months overall survival of patients from the low CHID1/iNOS expression group. For the first time, we demonstrated that CHID1 can be expressed by NSCLC cells and its high expression is a marker of good prognosis for adenocarcinoma and NSCLC in general. At the same time, high expression of iNOS in tumor cells is a marker of good prognosis in SCC. When used in combination, CHID1 and iNOS show a very good prognostic capacity for NSCLC. We suggest that in the case of lung cancer, tumor-associated macrophages are likely ineffective as a therapeutic target. At the same time, macrophage markers expressed by tumor cells may be considered as targets for anti-tumor therapy or, as in the case of CHID1, as potential anti-tumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Kovaleva
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (M.A.R.); (D.V.S.); (P.A.P.); (R.M.T.); (V.V.M.)
| | - Madina A. Rashidova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (M.A.R.); (D.V.S.); (P.A.P.); (R.M.T.); (V.V.M.)
| | - Daria V. Samoilova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (M.A.R.); (D.V.S.); (P.A.P.); (R.M.T.); (V.V.M.)
| | - Polina A. Podlesnaya
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (M.A.R.); (D.V.S.); (P.A.P.); (R.M.T.); (V.V.M.)
| | - Rasul M. Tabiev
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (M.A.R.); (D.V.S.); (P.A.P.); (R.M.T.); (V.V.M.)
- Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology—MVA named after K.I. Scriabin, 23 Academika Scriabina St., 109472 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria V. Mochalnikova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (M.A.R.); (D.V.S.); (P.A.P.); (R.M.T.); (V.V.M.)
| | - Alexei Gratchev
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (M.A.R.); (D.V.S.); (P.A.P.); (R.M.T.); (V.V.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-906-736-1869
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Armitage JD, Newnes HV, McDonnell A, Bosco A, Waithman J. Fine-Tuning the Tumour Microenvironment: Current Perspectives on the Mechanisms of Tumour Immunosuppression. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010056. [PMID: 33401460 PMCID: PMC7823446 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionised the treatment of cancers by harnessing the power of the immune system to eradicate malignant tissue. However, it is well recognised that some cancers are highly resistant to these therapies, which is in part attributed to the immunosuppressive landscape of the tumour microenvironment (TME). The contexture of the TME is highly heterogeneous and contains a complex architecture of immune, stromal, vascular and tumour cells in addition to acellular components such as the extracellular matrix. While understanding the dynamics of the TME has been instrumental in predicting durable responses to immunotherapy and developing new treatment strategies, recent evidence challenges the fundamental paradigms of how tumours can effectively subvert immunosurveillance. Here, we discuss the various immunosuppressive features of the TME and how fine-tuning these mechanisms, rather than ablating them completely, may result in a more comprehensive and balanced anti-tumour response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D. Armitage
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.D.A.); (H.V.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Hannah V. Newnes
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.D.A.); (H.V.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Alison McDonnell
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.D.A.); (H.V.N.); (A.M.)
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, QEII Medical Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Anthony Bosco
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.D.A.); (H.V.N.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Jason Waithman
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.D.A.); (H.V.N.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (J.W.)
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Khan FH, Dervan E, Bhattacharyya DD, McAuliffe JD, Miranda KM, Glynn SA. The Role of Nitric Oxide in Cancer: Master Regulator or NOt? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249393. [PMID: 33321789 PMCID: PMC7763974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key player in both the development and suppression of tumourigenesis depending on the source and concentration of NO. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which NO induces DNA damage, influences the DNA damage repair response, and subsequently modulates cell cycle arrest. In some circumstances, NO induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis protecting against tumourigenesis. NO in other scenarios can cause a delay in cell cycle progression, allowing for aberrant DNA repair that promotes the accumulation of mutations and tumour heterogeneity. Within the tumour microenvironment, low to moderate levels of NO derived from tumour and endothelial cells can activate angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, promoting an aggressive phenotype. In contrast, high levels of NO derived from inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressing M1 and Th1 polarised macrophages and lymphocytes may exert an anti-tumour effect protecting against cancer. It is important to note that the existing evidence on immunomodulation is mainly based on murine iNOS studies which produce higher fluxes of NO than human iNOS. Finally, we discuss different strategies to target NO related pathways therapeutically. Collectively, we present a picture of NO as a master regulator of cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan H. Khan
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (F.H.K.); (E.D.); (D.D.B.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Eoin Dervan
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (F.H.K.); (E.D.); (D.D.B.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Dibyangana D. Bhattacharyya
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (F.H.K.); (E.D.); (D.D.B.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Jake D. McAuliffe
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (F.H.K.); (E.D.); (D.D.B.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Katrina M. Miranda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Sharon A. Glynn
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (F.H.K.); (E.D.); (D.D.B.); (J.D.M.)
- Correspondence:
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McAleese CE, Choudhury C, Butcher NJ, Minchin RF. Hypoxia-mediated drug resistance in breast cancers. Cancer Lett 2020; 502:189-199. [PMID: 33278499 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue hypoxia in solid tumors is caused by several pathological changes associated with tumor growth, including altered microvasculature structure, increased diffusional distances, and tumor-associated anemia. As the oxygen tension decreases, tumor cells adapt to the limited oxygen supply. Previous studies have shown that such adaptation leads to an aggressive phenotype that is resistant to many anti-cancer therapies. Induction of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) mediates many proteomic and genomic changes associated with tumor hypoxia. In breast cancers, HIFs not only predict poor prognosis, but also promote metastasis and drug resistance. Several studies have proposed HIF-1α as a druggable target in drug-resistant breast cancers, leading to the synthesis and development of small molecule inhibitors. Disappointingly, however, none of these small molecule inhibitors have progressed to clinical use. In this review, we briefly discuss the role of HIF-1α in breast cancer drug resistance and summarize the current and future approaches to targeting this transcription factor in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E McAleese
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Chandra Choudhury
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Neville J Butcher
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Rodney F Minchin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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iNOS Expression by Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes, PD-L1 and Prognosis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113276. [PMID: 33167430 PMCID: PMC7694334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The role of Inducible Nitric Oxygen Synthase (iNOS) in the progression of human malignancies is obscure. We studied the expression patterns of iNOS in non-small-cell lung cancer. iNOS was expressed by cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. None of these patterns, however, are related to stage or prognosis. Extensive infiltration of the tumor stroma by iNOS-expressing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (iNOS+TILs) occurred in 48% of cases. This was related to low Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF1α) and better overall survival. Expression of Programmed death-ligand 1 PD-L1, however, mitigates the beneficial effect of the presence of iNOS+TIL. An important role of iNOS in anti-neoplastic lymphocyte biology has been brought forward, supporting iNOS+TILs as putative immune response markers. Abstract Background: Inducible Nitric Oxygen Synthase (iNOS) promotes the generation of NO in tissues. Its role in tumor progression and immune response is unclear. Methods: The immunohistochemical expression patterns of iNOS were studied in a series of 98 tissue samples of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), in parallel with the expression of hypoxia and anaerobic metabolism markers, PD-L1 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Results: iNOS is expressed by cancer cells in 19/98 (19.4%), while extensive expression by cancer-associated fibroblasts occurs in 8/98 (8.2%) cases. None of these patterns relate to stage or prognosis. Extensive infiltration of the tumor stroma by iNOS-expressing TILs (iNOS+TILs) occurs in 47/98 (48%) cases. This is related to low Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF1α), high PD-L1 expression and a better overall survival (p = 0.002). Expression of PD-L1, however, mitigates the beneficial effect of the presence of iNOS+TIL. Conclusions: Extensive expression of iNOS by TILs occurs in approximately 50% of NSCLCs, and this is significantly related to an improved overall survival. This brings forward the role of iNOS in anti-neoplastic lymphocyte biology, supporting iNOS+TILs as a putative marker of immune response. The value of this biomarker as a predictive and treatment-guiding tool for tumor immunotherapy demands further investigation.
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Smolková K, Mikó E, Kovács T, Leguina-Ruzzi A, Sipos A, Bai P. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in Regulating Cancer Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:966-997. [PMID: 31989830 PMCID: PMC7533893 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor 2 (NFE2L2, or NRF2) is a transcription factor predominantly affecting the expression of antioxidant genes. NRF2 plays a significant role in the control of redox balance, which is crucial in cancer cells. NRF2 activation regulates numerous cancer hallmarks, including metabolism, cancer stem cell characteristics, tumor aggressiveness, invasion, and metastasis formation. We review the molecular characteristics of the NRF2 pathway and discuss its interactions with the cancer hallmarks previously listed. Recent Advances: The noncanonical activation of NRF2 was recently discovered, and members of this pathway are involved in carcinogenesis. Further, cancer-related changes (e.g., metabolic flexibility) that support cancer progression were found to be redox- and NRF2 dependent. Critical Issues: NRF2 undergoes Janus-faced behavior in cancers. The pro- or antineoplastic effects of NRF2 are context dependent and essentially based on the specific molecular characteristics of the cancer in question. Therefore, systematic investigation of NRF2 signaling is necessary to clarify its role in cancer etiology. The biggest challenge in the NRF2 field is to determine which cancers can be targeted for better clinical outcomes. Further, large-scale genomic and transcriptomic studies are missing to correlate the clinical outcome with the activity of the NRF2 system. Future Directions: To exploit NRF2 in a clinical setting in the future, the druggable members of the NRF2 pathway should be identified. In addition, it will be important to study how the modulation of the NRF2 system interferes with cytostatic drugs and their combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Smolková
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IPHYS CAS), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Edit Mikó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Kovács
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Alberto Leguina-Ruzzi
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IPHYS CAS), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adrienn Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary.,Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Sári Z, Mikó E, Kovács T, Boratkó A, Ujlaki G, Jankó L, Kiss B, Uray K, Bai P. Indoxylsulfate, a Metabolite of the Microbiome, Has Cytostatic Effects in Breast Cancer via Activation of AHR and PXR Receptors and Induction of Oxidative Stress. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2915. [PMID: 33050543 PMCID: PMC7599465 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes to bacterial metabolite-elicited signaling, in oncobiosis associated with breast cancer, plays a role in facilitating the progression of the disease. We show that indoxyl-sulfate (IS), a tryptophan metabolite, has cytostatic properties in models of breast cancer. IS supplementation, in concentrations corresponding to the human serum reference range, suppressed tumor infiltration to the surrounding tissues and metastasis formation in a murine model of breast cancer. In cellular models, IS suppressed NRF2 and induced iNOS, leading to induction of oxidative and nitrosative stress, and, consequently, reduction of cell proliferation; enhanced oxidative and nitrosative stress are crucial in the subsequent cytostasis. IS also suppressed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition vital for suppressing cellular movement and diapedesis. Furthermore, IS rendered cells hypometabolic, leading to a reduction in aldehyde-dehydrogenase positive cells. Pharmacological inhibition of the pregnane-X receptor using CH223191 and the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor using ketoconazole diminished the IS-elicited effects, suggesting that these receptors were the major receptors of IS in these models. Finally, we showed that increased expression of the human enzymes that form IS (Cyp2E1, Sult1A1, and Sult1A2) is associated with better survival in breast cancer, an effect that is lost in triple negative cases. Taken together, IS, similar to indolepropionic acid (another tryptophan metabolite), has cytostatic properties and higher expression of the metabolic machinery responsible for the formation of IS supports survival in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsanett Sári
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.S.); (E.M.); (T.K.); (A.B.); (G.U.); (L.J.); (K.U.)
| | - Edit Mikó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.S.); (E.M.); (T.K.); (A.B.); (G.U.); (L.J.); (K.U.)
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Kovács
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.S.); (E.M.); (T.K.); (A.B.); (G.U.); (L.J.); (K.U.)
| | - Anita Boratkó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.S.); (E.M.); (T.K.); (A.B.); (G.U.); (L.J.); (K.U.)
| | - Gyula Ujlaki
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.S.); (E.M.); (T.K.); (A.B.); (G.U.); (L.J.); (K.U.)
| | - Laura Jankó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.S.); (E.M.); (T.K.); (A.B.); (G.U.); (L.J.); (K.U.)
| | - Borbála Kiss
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Karen Uray
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.S.); (E.M.); (T.K.); (A.B.); (G.U.); (L.J.); (K.U.)
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.S.); (E.M.); (T.K.); (A.B.); (G.U.); (L.J.); (K.U.)
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Demircan B, Yucel B, Radosevich JA. DNA Methylation in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines Adapted to High Nitric Oxide. In Vivo 2020; 34:169-176. [PMID: 31882476 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) exposure has been suggested to cause alterations in DNA methylation in breast cancer. We investigated the effect of NO on DNA methylation of promoters in cell lines of breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS The methylation status of the promoters of breast cancer 1 (BRCA1), deleted in colon cancer (DCC), Ras-association domain family 1A (RASSF1A), O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), and secreted frizzled related protein 1 (SFRP1) were analyzed in the parental and high nitric oxide-adapted cell lines of breast cancer using Illumina MiSequencing. RESULTS Methylation of RASSF1A promoter in BT-20-HNO (74.7%) was significantly higher than that in BT-20 cells (72%) (p<0.05), whereas in MCF-7-HNO cells, methylation of MGMT promoter was found to have significantly decreased as compared to its parental cell line (45.1% versus 50.1%; p<0.0001). Promoter methylation of SFRP and DCC was elevated in T-47D-HNO relative to its parent cell line (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Similarly to the double-edged effects of NO on tumorigenesis, its epigenetic effects through DNA methylation are diverse and contradictory in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Demircan
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Yucel
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - James A Radosevich
- Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, U.S.A
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Wang Z, Jiang Q, Dong C. Metabolic reprogramming in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2020; 17:44-59. [PMID: 32296576 PMCID: PMC7142847 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2019.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) was first defined over a decade ago, increasing studies have focused on its genetic and molecular characteristics. Patients diagnosed with TNBC, compared to those diagnosed with other breast cancer subtypes, have relatively poor outcomes due to high tumor aggressiveness and lack of targeted treatment. Metabolic reprogramming, an emerging hallmark of cancer, is hijacked by TNBC to fulfill bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands; maintain the redox balance; and further promote oncogenic signaling, cell proliferation, and metastasis. Understanding the mechanisms of metabolic remodeling may guide the design of metabolic strategies for the effective intervention of TNBC. Here, we review the metabolic reprogramming of glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and other branched pathways in TNBC and explore opportunities for new biomarkers, imaging modalities, and metabolically targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyu Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology (Breast Center) of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qianjin Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenfang Dong
- Department of Surgical Oncology (Breast Center) of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Ghione S, Mabrouk N, Paul C, Bettaieb A, Plenchette S. Protein kinase inhibitor-based cancer therapies: Considering the potential of nitric oxide (NO) to improve cancer treatment. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113855. [PMID: 32061562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The deregulation of a wide variety of protein kinases is associated with cancer cell initiation and tumor progression. Owing to their indispensable function in signaling pathways driving malignant cell features, protein kinases constitute major therapeutic targets in cancer. Over the past two decades, intense efforts in drug development have been dedicated to this field. The development of protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) have been a real breakthrough in targeted cancer therapy. Despite obvious successes across patients with different types of cancer, the development of PKI resistance still prevails. Combination therapies are part of a comprehensive approach to address the problem of drug resistance. The therapeutic use of nitric oxide (NO) donors to bypass PKI resistance in cancer has never been tested in clinic yet but several arguments suggest that the combination of PKIs and NO donors may exert a potential anticancer effect. The present review summarized the current state of knowledge on common targets to both PKIs and NO. Herein, we attempt to provide the rationale underlying a potential combination of PKIs and NO donors for future directions and design of new combination therapies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ghione
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France; LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Nesrine Mabrouk
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France; LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Paul
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France; LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Ali Bettaieb
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France; LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Stéphanie Plenchette
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France; LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.
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Waheed S, Cheng RY, Casablanca Y, Maxwell GL, Wink DA, Syed V. Nitric Oxide Donor DETA/NO Inhibits the Growth of Endometrial Cancer Cells by Upregulating the Expression of RASSF1 and CDKN1A. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203722. [PMID: 31623109 PMCID: PMC6832369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is implicated in several biological processes, including cancer progression. At low concentrations, it promotes cell survival and tumor progression, and at high concentrations it causes apoptosis and cell death. Until now, the impact of NO donors has not been investigated on human endometrial tumors. Four cancer cell lines were exposed to different concentrations of DETA/NO for 24 to 120 h. The effects of DETA/NO on cell proliferation and invasion were determined utilizing MTS and Boyden chamber assays, respectively. The DETA/NO induced a dose and time-dependent reduction in cell viability by the activation of caspase-3 and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase that was associated with the attenuated expression of cyclin-D1 and D3. Furthermore, the reduction in the amount of CD133-expressing cancer stem-like cell subpopulation was observed following DETA/NO treatment of cells, which was associated with a decreased expression of stem cell markers and attenuation of cell invasiveness. To understand the mechanisms by which DETA/NO elicits anti-cancer effects, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to ascertain alterations in the transcriptomes of human endometrial cancer cells. RNA-seq analysis revealed that 14 of the top 21 differentially expressed genes were upregulated and seven were downregulated in endometrial cancer cells with DETA/NO. The genes that were upregulated in all four cell lines with DETA/NO were the tumor suppressors Ras association domain family 1 isoform A (RASSF1) and Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A). The expression patterns of these genes were confirmed by Western blotting. Taken together, the results provide the first evidence in support of the anti-cancer effects of DETA/NO in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Waheed
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Robert Ys Cheng
- Molecular Mechanism Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Yovanni Casablanca
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
| | - G Larry Maxwell
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA.
| | - David A Wink
- Molecular Mechanism Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Viqar Syed
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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45
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Kacar S, Kar F, Hacioglu C, Kanbak G, Sahinturk V. The effects of L-NAME on DU145 human prostate cancer cell line: A cytotoxicity-based study. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:182-193. [PMID: 31610702 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119880591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Of all cancer types, prostate cancer is the second most common one with an age-standardized incidence rate of 29.3 per 100,000 men worldwide. Nitric oxide (NO) is both a radical and versatile messenger molecule involved in many physiological activities. NO was documented to be highly secreted and utilized by cancer cells. Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) is utilized for inhibiting NO synthase. Its worst long-term side effect is reported to be hypertension, hence less cytotoxic than chemotherapeutic agents. Herein, we carried out a cytotoxicity study on how different doses of L-NAME affect DU145 human prostate cancer cells. First, toxic doses of L-NAME were determined. Then, while antioxidant capacity was determined by glutathione and total antioxidant status, oxidative stress was evaluated by quantifying malondialdehyde, NO, and total oxidant status levels. Inflammatory effects of L-NAME were investigated by measuring tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Apoptotic effects of L-NAME were evaluated by measuring cytochrome C somatic and caspase 3 levels and by staining Bax protein. Finally, morphological analysis was performed. IC50 of L-NAME against DU145 cells was 12.2 mM. In L-NAME-treated DU145 cells, a dose-dependent increase in oxidative stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic marker proteins and decrease in antioxidant capacity were observed. While at the moderate dose of L-NAME, apoptotic changes were commonly observed, at higher doses, vacuolated and swollen cells were also recorded. We believe that the present study will encourage future studies by providing insights about dose and effects of L-NAME.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kacar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - F Kar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - C Hacioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - G Kanbak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - V Sahinturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Sciacca M, Belgorosky D, Zambrano M, Gómez Escalante JI, Roca F, Langle YV, Sandes EO, Lodillinsky C, Eiján AM. Inhibition of breast tumor growth by N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) is accompanied by activation of fibroblasts. Nitric Oxide 2019; 93:34-43. [PMID: 31542422 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) is involved in many physiological and pathological processes. It is generated by a family of NO synthases (NOS), being the inducible isoform, iNOS, responsible for higher amounts of NO. Here, we report that pharmacological inhibition of NO production by l-NAME reduces both viability and MAPK activated signalling pathways in iNOS positive human and murine cancer cell lines. In vivo, using syngeneic models, in parallel with tumor reduction induced by l-NAME, collagen deposition and α-SMA positive stromal cells are observed. This observation takes place only when tumor cells express iNOS. In vitro, l-NAME induces viability and differentiation on fibroblast. Our results reveal that NO inhibition contributes to stimulate proliferation and activation of fibroblasts in parallel with tumor reduction of iNOS positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Sciacca
- Research Area, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Denise Belgorosky
- Research Area, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Macarena Zambrano
- Research Area, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Ignacio Gómez Escalante
- Department of Pathology, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Roca
- Department of Pathology, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yanina V Langle
- Research Area, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo O Sandes
- Research Area, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Catalina Lodillinsky
- Research Area, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Ana María Eiján
- Research Area, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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Hays E, Bonavida B. Nitric Oxide-Mediated Enhancement and Reversal of Resistance of Anticancer Therapies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E407. [PMID: 31533363 PMCID: PMC6769868 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, immune therapies against human cancers have emerged as a very effective therapeutic strategy in the treatment of various cancers, some of which are resistant to current therapies. Although the clinical responses achieved with many therapeutic strategies were significant in a subset of patients, another subset remained unresponsive initially, or became resistant to further therapies. Hence, there is a need to develop novel approaches to treat those unresponsive patients. Several investigations have been reported to explain the underlying mechanisms of immune resistance, including the anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic pathways and, in addition, the increased expression of the transcription factor Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) and the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). We have reported that YY1 leads to immune resistance through increasing HIF-1α accumulation and PD-L1 expression. These mechanisms inhibit the ability of the cytotoxic T-lymphocytes to mediate their cytotoxic functions via the inhibitory signal delivered by the PD-L1 on tumor cells to the PD-1 receptor on cytotoxic T-cells. Thus, means to override these resistance mechanisms are needed to sensitize the tumor cells to both cell killing and inhibition of tumor progression. Treatment with nitric oxide (NO) donors has been shown to sensitize many types of tumors to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. Treatment of cancer cell lines with NO donors has resulted in the inhibition of cancer cell activities via, in part, the inhibition of YY1 and PD-L1. The NO-mediated inhibition of YY1 was the result of both the inhibition of the upstream NF-κB pathway as well as the S-nitrosylation of YY1, leading to both the downregulation of YY1 expression as well as the inhibition of YY1-DNA binding activity, respectively. Also, treatment with NO donors induced the inhibition of YY1 and resulted in the inhibition of PD-L1 expression. Based on the above findings, we propose that treatment of tumor cells with the combination of NO donors, at optimal noncytotoxic doses, and anti-tumor cytotoxic effector cells or other conventional therapies will result in a synergistic anticancer activity and tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hays
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Lithocholic Acid, a Metabolite of the Microbiome, Increases Oxidative Stress in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091255. [PMID: 31461945 PMCID: PMC6769524 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer patients, the diversity of the microbiome decreases, coinciding with decreased production of cytostatic bacterial metabolites like lithocholic acid (LCA). We hypothesized that LCA can modulate oxidative stress to exert cytostatic effects in breast cancer cells. Treatment of breast cancer cells with LCA decreased nuclear factor-2 (NRF2) expression and increased Kelch-like ECH associating protein 1 (KEAP1) expression via activation of Takeda G-protein coupled receptor (TGR5) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Altered NRF2 and KEAP1 expression subsequently led to decreased expression of glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), an antioxidant enzyme, and increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The imbalance between the pro- and antioxidant enzymes increased cytostatic effects via increased levels of lipid and protein oxidation. These effects were reversed by the pharmacological induction of NRF2 with RA839, tBHQ, or by thiol antioxidants. The expression of key components of the LCA-elicited cytostatic pathway (iNOS and 4HNE) gradually decreased as the breast cancer stage advanced. The level of lipid peroxidation in tumors negatively correlated with the mitotic index. The overexpression of iNOS, nNOS, CAR, KEAP1, NOX4, and TGR5 or the downregulation of NRF2 correlated with better survival in breast cancer patients, except for triple negative cases. Taken together, LCA, a metabolite of the gut microbiome, elicits oxidative stress that slows down the proliferation of breast cancer cells. The LCA-oxidative stress protective pathway is lost as breast cancer progresses, and the loss correlates with poor prognosis.
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Larsson P, Syed Khaja AS, Semenas J, Wang T, Sarwar M, Dizeyi N, Simoulis A, Hedblom A, Wai SN, Ødum N, Persson JL. The functional interlink between AR and MMP9/VEGF signaling axis is mediated through PIP5K1α/pAKT in prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1686-1699. [PMID: 31381135 PMCID: PMC7004098 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, no effective targeted therapeutics exists for treatment of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). Given that matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9) and its associated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are critical for tumor vascularization and invasion under castration-resistant condition, it is therefore of great importance to define the functional association and interplay between androgen receptor (AR) and MMP9 and their associated key survival and invasion pathways in PCa cells. Here, we found that there was a significant correlation between MMP9 and AR protein expression in primary and metastatic PCa tissues, and a trend that high level of MMP9 expression was associated with poor prognosis. We demonstrated that constitutive activation of AR increased expression of MMP9 and VEGF/VEGF receptors. We further showed that AR exerts its effect on MMP9/VEGF signaling axis through PIP5K1α/AKT. We showed that MMP9 physically interacted with PIP5K1α via formation of protein-protein complexes. Furthermore, elevated expression of MMP9 enhanced ability of AR to activate its target gene cyclin A1. The elevated sequential activation of AR/PIP5K1α/AKT/MMP9/VEGF signaling axis contributed to increased invasiveness and growth of metastatic tumors. Conversely, treatment with PIP5K1α inhibitor significantly suppressed invasiveness of PCa cells expressing constitutively activated AR, this was coincident with its inhibitory effect of this inhibitor on AR/MMP9/VEGF pathways. Our results suggest that AR and MMP9-associated network proteins may be effectively targeted by blocking PIP5K1α/AKT pathways using PIP5K1α inhibitor in metastatic PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Larsson
- Division of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Julius Semenas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tianyan Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martuza Sarwar
- Division of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nishtman Dizeyi
- Division of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Athanasios Simoulis
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andreas Hedblom
- Division of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sun Nyunt Wai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Niels Ødum
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jenny L Persson
- Division of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Nitric oxide and interactions with reactive oxygen species in the development of melanoma, breast, and colon cancer: A redox signaling perspective. Nitric Oxide 2019; 89:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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