1
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Seo SH, Cho KJ, Park HJ, Lee HW, Kim BK, Park JY, Kim DY, Ahn SH, Cheon JH, Yook JI, Kim MD, Joo DJ, Kim SU. Inhibition of Dickkopf-1 enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of sorafenib via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:339. [PMID: 38012711 PMCID: PMC10680194 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorafenib improves the overall survival in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is commonly overexpressed in HCC. In this study, we investigated whether the inhibition of DKK1 enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of sorafenib in HCC. METHODS HCC cells were treated with sorafenib and WAY-262611, which is an inhibitor of DKK1. Transgenic mouse models were also developed using hydrodynamic tail vein injection. Mice were orally administered with sorafenib (32 mg/kg), WAY-262611 (16 mg/kg), or sorafenib + WAY-262611 for 10 days. Mechanisms of sorafenib and WAY-262611 were explored via western blotting, immunostaining, and RNA sequencing. RESULTS DKK1 was significantly overexpressed in patients with HCC than in the healthy controls and patients with liver diseases except HCC (all P < 0.05). Compared with sorafenib alone, sorafenib + WAY-262611 significantly inhibited the cell viability, invasion, migration, and colony formation by promoting apoptosis and altering the cell cycles in HCC cells (all P < 0.05). Moreover, sorafenib + WAY-262611 decreased the p110α, phospho-Akt (all P < 0.05), active β-catenin (all P < 0.05) and phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9) expression levels, while increasing the phospho-GSK-3β (Tyr216) expression levels compared with those in the sorafenib alone in vitro and in vivo. In addition, sorafenib + WAY-262611 inhibited tumor progression by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis, significantly better than sorafenib alone in mouse models. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that DKK1 inhibition significantly enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of sorafenib by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways via regulation of GSK3β activity, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for HCC. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyun Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Joo Cho
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Park
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
| | - Beom Kyung Kim
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
| | - Jun Yong Park
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Ahn
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man-Deuk Kim
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Jin Joo
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University of College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Up Kim
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Korea.
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2
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Doucet D, Brubaker C, Turner D, Gregory CA. Factors affecting the role of canonical Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 in cancer progression. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1114822. [PMID: 37007131 PMCID: PMC10050559 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1114822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe canonical Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) has the capacity to modulate homeostasis between canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways and also signal independently of Wnt. The specific effects of Dkk-1 activity on tumor physiology are therefore unpredictable with examples of Dkk-1 serving as either a driver or suppressor of malignancy. Given that Dkk-1 blockade may serve as a potential treatment for some types of cancer, we questioned whether it is possible to predict the role of Dkk-1 on tumor progression based on the tissue origin of the tumor.MethodsOriginal research articles that described Dkk-1 in terms a tumor suppressor or driver of cancer growth were identified. To determine the association between tumor developmental origin and the role of Dkk-1, a logistic regression was performed. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was interrogated for survival statistics based on tumor Dkk-1 expression.ResultsWe report that Dkk-1 is statistically more likely to serve as a suppressor in tumors arising from the ectoderm (p = 0.0198) or endoderm (p = 0.0334) but more likely to serve as a disease driver in tumors of mesodermal origin (p = 0.0155). Survival analyses indicated that in cases where Dkk-1 expression could be stratified, high Dkk-1 expression is usually associated with poor prognosis. This in part may be due to pro-tumorigenic role Dkk-1 plays on tumor cells but also through its influence on immunomodulatory and angiogenic processes in the tumor stroma.ConclusionDkk-1 has a context-specific dual role as a tumor suppressor or driver. Dkk-1 is significantly more likely to serve as a tumor suppressor in tumors arising from ectoderm and endoderm while the converse is true for mesodermal tumors. Patient survival data indicated high Dkk-1 expression is generally a poor prognostic indicator. These findings provide further support for the importance of Dkk-1 as a therapeutic cancer target in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota Doucet
- Medical Sciences Program, Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Connor Brubaker
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Donald Turner
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Carl A. Gregory
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Carl A. Gregory,
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3
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Yang RH, Qin J, Cao JL, Zhang MZ, Li YY, Wang MQ, Fang D, Xie SQ. Dickkopf-1 drives tumor immune evasion by inducing PD-L1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115378. [PMID: 36513141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms regulating PD-L1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is important to improve the response rate to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy. Here, we show that DKK1 expression is positively associated with PD-L1 expression and inversely correlated with CD8+ T cell infiltration in human HCC tumor specimens. In a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model, overexpression of DKK1 significantly promotes tumor growth, tumoral PD-L1 expression, but reduces tumoral CD8+ T cell infiltration; whereas knockdown of DKK1 has opposite effects. Moreover, enforced expression of DKK1 dramatically promotes PD-L1 expression, Akt activation, β-catenin phosphorylation and total protein expression in HCC cells. By contrast, knockdown of DKK1 inhibits all, relative to controls. In addition, CKAP4 depletion, Akt inhibition, or β-catenin depletion remarkably abrogates DKK1 overexpression-induced transcriptional expression of PD-L1 in HCC cells. Reconstituted expression of the active Akt1 largely increased PD-L1 transcriptional expression in HCC cells. Similarly, expression of WT β-catenin, but not the phosphorylation-defective β-catenin S552A mutant, significantly promotes PD-L1 expression. Correlation analysis of human HCC tumor specimens further revealed that DKK1 and PD-L1 expression were positively correlated with p-β-catenin expression. Together, our findings revealed that DKK1 promotes PD-L1 expression through the activation of Akt/β-catenin signaling, providing a potential strategy to enhance the clinical efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Han Yang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng 475004, China; The Academy for Advanced Interdisplinary Studies, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jia Qin
- Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jin-Lan Cao
- Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Meng-Qing Wang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Dong Fang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng 475004, China; The Academy for Advanced Interdisplinary Studies, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng 475004, China; Henan Province Engineering Research Center of High Value Utilization to Natural Medical Resource in Yellow River Basin, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Song-Qiang Xie
- Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng 475004, China; The Academy for Advanced Interdisplinary Studies, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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4
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Ma S, Chen F. Common strategies for effective immunotherapy of gastroesophageal cancers using immune checkpoint inhibitors. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154110. [PMID: 36155325 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gastroesophageal cancers (GECs) are very prevalent around the world and rank as the second cause of all cancer-related deaths in men and women and demonstrate a very poor prognosis. Currently, the treatment options for these malignancies are very limited and the response rates are also very low. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been proposed for immunotherapy of GECs; although preliminary results obtained from the clinical trials of ICIs in GECs were promising, they have shown to be effective only in a few subsets of patients who had a previous immune response to the tumor. In order to maximize the efficacy of ICIs in GECs, as well as identify the patients who will likely benefit from ICIs, several predictive biomarkers, such as Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have been developed and evaluated. Since the single ICI therapies resulted in poor treatment response, several clinical studies began to explore various combinations of one or two ICIs with other anti-cancer treatment approaches, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and anti-angiogenesis therapy. These combinations demonstrated a more effective response among the ICIs-responsive patients and even in some instances sensitized the non-responsive individuals. This review is aimed to summarize the efforts made so far for improving the effectiveness of ICIs in the treatment of patients with GECs. Furthermore, multiple aspects of translational medicine such as available biomarkers and interactions between tumor and the immune system, as well as clinical aspects regarding the combination therapies and results of clinical trials will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ma
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People's Hospital), Taizhou 317200, China.
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5
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Cao MC, Cawston EE, Chen G, Brooks C, Douwes J, McLean D, Graham ES, Dragunow M, Scotter EL. Serum biomarkers of neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier leakage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:216. [PMID: 35690735 PMCID: PMC9188104 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02730-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable and rapidly progressive neurological disorder. Biomarkers are critical to understanding disease causation, monitoring disease progression and assessing the efficacy of treatments. However, robust peripheral biomarkers are yet to be identified. Neuroinflammation and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are common to familial and sporadic ALS and may produce a unique biomarker signature in peripheral blood. Using cytometric bead array (n = 15 participants per group (ALS or control)) and proteome profiling (n = 6 participants per group (ALS or control)), we assessed a total of 106 serum cytokines, growth factors, and BBB breakdown markers in the serum of control and ALS participants. Further, primary human brain pericytes, which maintain the BBB, were used as a biosensor of inflammation following pre-treatment with ALS serum. Principal components analysis of all proteome profile data showed no clustering of control or ALS sera, and no individual serum proteins met the threshold for statistical difference between ALS and controls (adjusted P values). However, the 20 most changed proteins between control and ALS sera showed a medium effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.67) and cluster analysis of their levels together identified three sample subsets; control-only, mixed control-ALS, and ALS-only. These 20 proteins were predominantly pro-angiogenic and growth factors, including fractalkine, BDNF, EGF, PDGF, Dkk-1, MIF and angiopoietin-2. S100β, a protein highly concentrated in glial cells and therefore a marker of BBB leakage when found in blood, was unchanged in ALS serum, suggesting that serum protein profiles were reflective of peripheral rather than CNS biofluids. Finally, primary human brain pericytes remained proliferative and their secretome was unchanged by chronic exposure to ALS serum. Our exploratory study suggests that individual serum cytokine levels may not be robust biomarkers in small studies of ALS, but that larger studies using multiplexed analysis of pro-angiogenic and growth factors may identify a peripheral signature of ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maize C Cao
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Erin E Cawston
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Grace Chen
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, PO Box 75, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Collin Brooks
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, PO Box 75, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Jeroen Douwes
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, PO Box 75, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Dave McLean
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, PO Box 75, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - E Scott Graham
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Mike Dragunow
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand. .,Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Emma L Scotter
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand. .,Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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6
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Bats ML, Peghaire C, Delobel V, Dufourcq P, Couffinhal T, Duplàa C. Wnt/frizzled Signaling in Endothelium: A Major Player in Blood-Retinal- and Blood-Brain-Barrier Integrity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2022; 12:a041219. [PMID: 35074794 PMCID: PMC9121893 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt/frizzled signaling pathway is one of the major regulators of endothelial biology, controlling key cellular activities. Many secreted Wnt ligands have been identified and can initiate diverse signaling via binding to a complex set of Frizzled (Fzd) transmembrane receptors and coreceptors. Roughly, Wnt signaling is subdivided into two pathways: the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway whose main downstream effector is the transcriptional coactivator β-catenin, and the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway, which is subdivided into the Wnt/Ca2+ pathway and the planar cell polarity pathway. Here, we will focus on its cross talk with other angiogenic pathways and on its role in blood-retinal- and blood-brain-barrier formation and its maintenance in a differentiated state. We will unravel how retinal vascular pathologies and neurovascular degenerative diseases result from disruption of the Wnt pathway related to vascular instability, and highlight current research into therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Lise Bats
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, F-33600 Pessac, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Pellegrin Hospital, University Hospital of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Claire Peghaire
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Valentin Delobel
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Pascale Dufourcq
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Thierry Couffinhal
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, F-33600 Pessac, France
- Centre d'exploration, de prévention et de traitement de l'athérosclérose (CEPTA), CHU Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Duplàa
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, F-33600 Pessac, France
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7
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Suda T, Yamashita T, Sunagozaka H, Okada H, Nio K, Sakai Y, Yamashita T, Mizukoshi E, Honda M, Kaneko S. Dickkopf-1 Promotes Angiogenesis and is a Biomarker for Hepatic Stem Cell-like Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052801. [PMID: 35269944 PMCID: PMC8911428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stemness evinces interest owing to the resulting malignancy and poor prognosis. We previously demonstrated that hepatic stem cell-like hepatocellular carcinoma (HpSC-HCC) is associated with high vascular invasion and poor prognosis. Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), a Wnt signaling regulator, is highly expressed in HpSC-HCC. Here, we assessed the diagnostic and prognostic potential of serum DKK-1. Its levels were significantly higher in 391 patients with HCC compared with 205 patients with chronic liver disease. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed the optimal cutoff value of DKK-1 to diagnose HCC and predict the 3-year survival as 262.2 and 365.9 pg/mL, respectively. HCC patients with high-serum DKK-1 levels showed poor prognosis. We evaluated the effects of anti-DKK-1 antibody treatment on tumor growth in vivo and of recombinant DKK-1 on cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis in vitro. DKK-1 knockdown decreased cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. DKK-1 supplementation promoted angiogenesis in vitro; this effect was abolished by an anti-DKK-1 antibody. Co-injection of the anti-DKK-1 antibody with Huh7 cells inhibited their growth in NOD/SCID mice. Thus, DKK-1 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells and activates angiogenesis in vascular endothelial cells. DKK-1 is a prognostic biomarker for HCC and a functional molecule for targeted therapy.
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8
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Klotz DM, Link T, Goeckenjan M, Wimberger P, Poetsch AR, Jaschke N, Hofbauer LC, Göbel A, Rachner TD, Kuhlmann JD. Evaluation of circulating Dickkopf-1 as a prognostic biomarker in ovarian cancer patients. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:109-117. [PMID: 34687595 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a secreted protein, known for suppressing the differentiation and activity of bone-building osteoblasts by acting as an inhibitor of Wnt-signalling. Soluble DKK1 (sDKK1) has been proposed as prognostic biomarker for a wide range of malignancies, however, clinical relevance of sDKK1 as potential blood-based marker for ovarian cancer is unknown. METHODS sDKK1 levels were quantified in a cohort of 150 clinically documented ovarian cancer patients by a commercially available DKK1 ELISA (Biomedica, Vienna, Austria). RESULTS Median sDKK1 level was significantly elevated at primary diagnosis of ovarian cancer compared to healthy controls (estimated difference (ED) of 7.75 ng/mL (95% CI: 3.01-12.30 ng/mL, p=0.001)). Higher levels of sDKK1 at diagnosis indicated an increased volume of intraoperative malignant ascites (ED 7.08 pmol/L, 95% CI: 1.46-13.05, p=0.02) and predicted suboptimal debulking surgery (ED 6.88 pmol/L, 95% CI: 1.73-11.87, p=0.01). sDKK1 did not correlate with CA125 and higher sDKK1 levels predicted a higher risk of recurrence and poor survival (PFS: HR=0.507, 95% CI: 0.317-0.809; p=0.004; OS: HR=0.561, 95% CI: 0.320-0.986; p=0.044). Prognostic relevance of sDKK1 was partly sustained in wtBRCA patients (PFS: HR=0.507, 95% CI: 0.317-0.809; p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study demonstrating the prognostic relevance of sDKK1 in ovarian cancer patients, including those with wtBRCA 1/2 status. Our data encourage further evaluation of sDKK1 in ovarian cancer patients, possibly in terms of a therapy monitoring marker or a response predictor for sDKK1-directed targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martin Klotz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Theresa Link
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Maren Goeckenjan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna R Poetsch
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nikolai Jaschke
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden, Germany
| | - Andy Göbel
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman D Rachner
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Dominik Kuhlmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
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9
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Seo SH, Cho KJ, Park HJ, Kim H, Lee HW, Kim BK, Park JY, Kim DY, Ahn SH, Kim SU. Dickkopf-1 promotes angiogenesis by upregulating VEGF receptor 2-mediated mTOR/p70S6K signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4788-4806. [PMID: 34765293 PMCID: PMC8569356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we investigated the tumorigenic and angiogenic potential of DKK1 in HCC. Stable cell lines were established using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-based DKK1 knock-out system in Hep3B cells and the tetracycline-based DKK1 inducible system in Huh7 cells. Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) were cultured using Hep3B stable cells. We also employed xenografts generated using Hep3B stable cells and transgenic mouse models established using hydrodynamic tail vein injection. The angiogenic potential increased in HUVECs treated with CM from Huh7 stable cells with high DKK1 expression and Hep3B wild-type cells. DKK1 accelerated the downstream molecules of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-mediated mTOR/p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) signaling. MCTSs generated using Hep3B wild-type cells promoted compact spheroid formation and increased the expression of CD31 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, and increased the VEGFR2-mediated mTOR/p70S6K signaling, compared to the controls (all P<0.01). Xenograft tumors generated using Hep3B cells with DKK1 knock-out (n=10) exhibited slower growth than, the controls (n=10) and the expression of Ki-67, VEGFR2, CD31 and EMT markers decreased (all P<0.05). In addition, forced DKK1 expression with HRAS in transgenic mouse livers (n=5) resulted in the formation of more tumors and increased expression of downstream molecules of VEGFR2-mediated mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway as well as Ki67, CD31 and EMT markers (P<0.05), compared to that of the controls (n=5). Our findings indicate that DKK1 facilitates angiogenesis and tumorigenesis by upregulating VEGFR2-mediated mTOR/p70S6K signaling in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyun Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Joo Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
| | | | - Hyemi Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Beom Kyung Kim
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Jun Yong Park
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Ahn
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Seung Up Kim
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
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10
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Zhou K, Tian KJ, Yan BJ, Gui DD, Luo W, Ren Z, Wei DH, Liu LS, Jiang ZS. A promising field: regulating imbalance of EndMT in cardiovascular diseases. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1477-1486. [PMID: 34266366 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1951939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is widely involved in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. Although there is no direct evidence, it is very promising as an effective target for the treatment of these diseases. Endothelial cells need to respond to the complex cardiovascular environment through EndMT, but sustained stimuli will cause the imbalance of EndMT. Blocking the signal transduction promoting EndMT is an effective method to control the imbalance of EndMT. In particular, we also discussed the potential role of endothelial cell apoptosis and autophagy in regulating the imbalance of EndMT. In addition, promoting mesenchymal-endothelial transformation (MEndT) is also a method to control the imbalance of EndMT. However, targeting EndMT to treat cardiovascular disease still faces many challenges. By reviewing the research progress of EndMT, we have put forward some insights and translated them into challenges and opportunities for new treatment strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kai-Jiang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bin-Jie Yan
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dan-Dan Gui
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dang-Heng Wei
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
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11
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Zhu G, Song J, Chen W, Yuan D, Wang W, Chen X, Liu H, Su H, Zhu J. Expression and Role of Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) in Tumors: From the Cells to the Patients. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:659-675. [PMID: 33536782 PMCID: PMC7847771 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s275172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) is a secretory antagonist of the classical Wnt signaling pathway. Many studies have reported that Dkk1 is abnormally expressed in tumor cells, and abnormal expression of Dkk1 can inhibit cell proliferation or induce apoptosis through pro-apoptotic factors, However, due to the differences in tumor environment and the complex regulatory mechanisms in different tumors, Dkk1 has different effects on the progression of different tumors. In many tumors, high expression of Dkk1 may promote tumor metastasis. However, Dkk1, which is highly expressed in other tumors, can inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis. More and more evidence shows that Dkk1 plays a complex and different role in tumor occurrence, development and metastasis in different tumor environments and through a variety of complex regulatory mechanisms. Therefore, Dkk1 may not only be a useful biomarker of metastasis, but also a target for studying the metabolic mechanism of tumor cells and treating tumors in many tumor types. Therefore, this article reviews the research progress on the expression, mechanism and function of Dkk1 in different tumors, and at the same time, based on the public database data, we made a further analysis of the expression of Dkk1 in different tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Zhu
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jukun Song
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Chen
- Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongbo Yuan
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hen Liu
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China.,Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China.,Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, People's Republic of China.,Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563000, People's Republic of China
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12
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Jaschke N, Hofbauer LC, Göbel A, Rachner TD. Evolving functions of Dickkopf-1 in cancer and immunity. Cancer Lett 2020; 482:1-7. [PMID: 32251706 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) is a well-established inhibitor of canonical Wnt-signaling that critically participates in the regulation of bone formation and has been implicated in the development and progression of bone metastases. While the skeleton was originally considered the sole site of DKK-1 synthesis, it has now become clear that the molecule is also highly expressed in T-cells, platelets and multiple cancer cells. In the past years, several new functions of DKK-1 in angiogenesis, cancer cell biology, immune homeostasis and inflammation have been revealed. These novel insights have paved the way for clinical trials investigating the efficacy of anti-DKK-1 antibodies in a variety of different malignancies, most of which are currently still ongoing. In this review, we discuss the evolution and recent advances in DKK-1 research and highlight clinical implications of the available knowledge on the molecule, especially in cancer. Finally, we emphasize outstanding questions and provide an outlook on potential future studies that will aid in further improving our understanding of the pleiotropic roles of DKK-1 in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Jaschke
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andy Göbel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman D Rachner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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13
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Thyparambil NJ, Gutgesell LC, Bromet BA, Flowers LE, Greaney S, Day DE, Semon JA. Bioactive borate glass triggers phenotypic changes in adipose stem cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:35. [PMID: 32206916 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06366-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A bioactive borate glass, 13-93B3 (B3), has been used successfully in the clinic to treat chronic, nonhealing wounds without scarring. However, the mechanism by which B3 stimulates wound healing is poorly understood. Because adipose stem cells (ASCs) have been shown to have multiple roles in wound repair, we hypothesized that B3 triggers ASCs. In this study, we evaluate the effects of B3 on ASC survival, migration, differentiation, and protein secretion in vitro. In concentrations ≤10 mg/ml, B3 did not affect ASC viability under static conditions. B3 promoted the migration of ASCs but did not increase differentiation into bone or fat. B3 also decreased ASCs secretion of collagen I, PAI-1, MCP-1, DR6, DKK-1, angiogenin, IL-1, IGFBP-6, VEGF, and TIMP-2; increased expression of IL-1R and E-selectin; had a transient decrease in IL-6 secretion; and had a transient increase in bFGF secretion. Together, these results show that B3 alters the protein secretion of ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Thyparambil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Lisa C Gutgesell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Bradley A Bromet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Lauren E Flowers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Samantha Greaney
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Delbert E Day
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
- Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Julie A Semon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA.
- Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA.
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14
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Liu D, Qin H, Yang J, Yang L, He S, Chen S, Bao Q, Zhao Y, Zong Z. Different effects of Wnt/β-catenin activation and PTH activation in adult and aged male mice metaphyseal fracture healing. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:110. [PMID: 32075627 PMCID: PMC7031971 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-3138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fractures in older men are not uncommon and need to be healed as soon as possible to avoid related complications. Anti-osteoporotic drugs targeting Wnt/β-catenin and PTH (parathyroid hormone) to promote fracture healing have become an important direction in recent years. The study is to observe whether there is a difference in adult and aged situations by activating two signal paths. Methods A single cortical hole with a diameter of 0.6 mm was made in the femoral metaphysis of Catnblox(ex3) mice and wild-type mice. The fracture healing effects of CA (Wnt/β-catenin activation) and PTH (activated by PTH (1–34) injections) were assessed by X-ray and CT imaging on days 7, 14, and 21 after fracture. The mRNA levels of β-catenin, PTH1R(Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor), and RUNX2(Runt-related transcription factor 2) in the fracture defect area were detected using RT-PCR. Angiogenesis and osteoblasts were observed by immunohistochemistry and osteoclasts were observed by TRAP (Tartrate-resistant Acid Phosphatase). Result Adult CA mice and adult PTH mice showed slightly better fracture healing than adult wild-type (WT) mice, but there was no statistical difference. Aged CA mice showed better promotion of angiogenesis and osteoblasts and better fracture healing than aged PTH mice. Conclusion The application of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway drugs for fracture healing in elderly patients may bring better early effects than PTH signaling pathway drugs, but the long-term effects need to be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daocheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Hao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jiazhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Sihao He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Sixu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Quanwei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhaowen Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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15
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Huang X, Fu C, Liu W, Liang Y, Li P, Liu Z, Sheng Q, Liu P. Chemerin-induced angiogenesis and adipogenesis in 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes is mediated by lncRNA Meg3 through regulating Dickkopf-3 by sponging miR-217. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 385:114815. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Li Z, Mou L, Gao H, Zeng Y, Tang X, Deng X, Pu Z, Ni Y, Zhan Y. Diagnostic accuracy of serum dickkopf-1 protein in diagnosis hepatocellular carcinoma: An updated meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16725. [PMID: 31393380 PMCID: PMC6708942 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To verify the accuracy of serum dickkopf-1 protein (DKK-1) in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by an updated meta-analysis. METHODS We searched potential eligible studies in PubMed and Embase before July 8, 2018. Sensitivity (SN), specificity (SP), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), summary receiver operating characteristics curve (sROC), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were pooled with their 95% confidence intervals CIs) using a bivariate random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 8 articles contained 10 studies on diagnosis of HCC with DKK-1 alone,7 articles contained 9 studies on diagnosis of HCC with a-fetoprotein (AFP) alone and 5 articles contained 7 studies on diagnosis of HCC with DKK-1 + AFP were identified. The pooled SN, SP, PLR, NLR, and DOR of DKK-1 alone, AFP alone and DKK-1 + AFP were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.70-0.75), 0.62 (95% CI:0.59-0.64) and 0.80 (95% CI:0.78-0.83), 0.86 (95% CI: 0.84-0.87), 0.82 (95% CI:0.80-0.84) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.85-0.88), 4.91 (95% CI: 2.73-8.83), 3.60 (95% CI:2.01-6.44) and 6.18 (95% CI: 4.68-8.16), 0.32 (95% CI: 0.22-0.47), 0.49 (95% CI:0.40-0.60) and 0.20 (95% CI: 0.15-0.26), and 17.21 (95% CI: 9.10-32.57), 7.45 (95% CI:3.69-15.01) and 31.39 (95% CI: 23.59-43.20), respectively. The area under the sROC was 0.88, 0.70, and 0.92 for the 3 diagnostic methods. CONCLUSIONS Serum DKK-1 + AFP showed a high accuracy for diagnosis of HCC, and serum DKK-1 alone had moderate accuracy as compared to a previous meta-analysis, while AFP alone owned an unsatisfied diagnostic behavior for HCC. Due to the limitations of the current analysis, further well-designed studies are needed to confirm the diagnostic value of DKK-1 and DKK-1 + AFP in HCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou
| | - Lisha Mou
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen
| | - Haibin Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen
| | - Yi Zeng
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou
| | - Xueyi Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen
| | - Xuesong Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen
| | - Zuhui Pu
- Department of Radiology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen
| | - Yongqiang Zhan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen
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17
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Awad AE, Ebrahim MA, Eissa LA, El-Shishtawy MM. Dickkopf-1 and Amphiregulin as Novel Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2019; 13:153-163. [PMID: 31649806 PMCID: PMC6801323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly fatal tumor which represents a major health problem worldwide. Due to asymptomatic nature of HCC, most patients present with the progressive stage of disease, so, unfortunately, there are no effective therapies. Existing techniques for HCC surveillance and diagnosis lack the required accuracy. Therefore, searching for new diagnostic and/or therapeutic tools could improve patient survival. This study aimed to estimate the diagnostic role of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) and amphiregulin (AREG) and to find out their correlation with different clinicopathological parameters in HCC patients. Materials and Methods: Serum levels of DKK1 and AREG in 55 HCC patients, 20 cirrhotic patients, and 15 healthy subjects as control group were measured using the ELISA technique. Results: Both of DKK1 and AREG showed a significant increase in the HCC group compared to cirrhotic and healthy groups. DKK1 at a cutoff point of 8.92 ng/ml showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.826 with 87.3% sensitivity and 82.9% specificity. DKK1 showed a significant correlation with tumor size, liver dysfunction, and poor performance status in HCC patients. AREG at a cutoff point of 8.74 pg/ml showed a sensitivity of 74.5% but low specificity (47.1%). AREG showed a significant correlation with portal vein thrombosis and tumor metastasis in HCC patients. Conclusion: Serum DKK1 could be a diagnostic biomarker for HCC. Both of DKK1 and AREG may play significant roles in tumor progression and may offer promising therapeutic targets in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer E. Awad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Ebrahim
- Oncology Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Laila A. Eissa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh M. El-Shishtawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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18
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Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies over the past 3 decades have uncovered a multitude of signaling pathways involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. From these studies, signaling by proteins of the Wnt family has recently emerged as an important player in the development of atherosclerosis. Wnt signaling is characterized by a large number of ligands, receptors, and coreceptors and can be regulated at many different levels. Among Wnt modulators, the evolutionary conserved Dkk (Dickkopf) proteins, and especially Dkk-1, the founding member of the family, are the best characterized. The role of Dkks in the pathophysiology of the arterial wall is only partially understood, but their involvement in atherosclerosis is becoming increasingly evident. This review introduces recent key findings on Dkk proteins and their functions in atherosclerosis and discusses the potential importance of modulating Dkk signaling as part of a novel, improved strategy for preventing and treating atherosclerosis-related diseases.
Visual Overview—
An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Baetta
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Banfi
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
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Kim MM, Schlussel L, Zhao L, Himburg HA. Dickkopf-1 Treatment Stimulates Hematopoietic Regenerative Function in Infused Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Radiat Res 2019; 192:53-62. [PMID: 31081743 DOI: 10.1667/rr15361.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Acute high-dose radiation injury damages the bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell compartment. This damage compromises the functional ability of the bone marrow to produce mature blood cells and results in an increased risk of death due to hematopoietic complications. Past work has shown that the bone marrow endothelium provides critical cues, which promote hematopoietic stem cell regeneration after injury. Additionally, transfusion of endothelial cells after radiation injury has been shown to promote recovery of both the bone marrow vasculature and hematopoietic systems. In this work, we examined the regenerative capacity of intravenous infusion of umbilical cord-blood derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) since this is a cell source which is easy to obtain, expand and cryopreserve. We show that pre-treatment with the Wnt-antagonist Dickkopf1 (Dkk1) augments EPC regenerative function in an allogeneic mouse transplant model. Here, hematopoietic recovery was assessed in Balb/c mice after 5 Gy total-body irradiation and transplantation with C57/BL6-derived EPCs either with or without Dkk1 pre-treatment. The Dkk1-treated EPC group had significantly faster recovery of peripheral white blood cells, total bone marrow cellularity, bone marrow progenitors and BM endothelial cells compared to EPC treatment alone or saline controls. Importantly, after an LD50/30 dose of 8 Gy in the Balb/c mouse, Dkk1-treated EPCs were able to rescue 100% of irradiated mice versus 80% in the EPC control group and only 33% in the saline-treated group. To understand how Dkk1 induces regenerative function in the EPCs, we screened for pro-regenerative factors secreted by the EPC in response to Dkk1. Dkk1-treated EPCs were observed to secrete high levels of the anti-fibrotic protein follistatin as well as several proteins known to promote regeneration including EGF, VEGF and G-CSF. This work demonstrates the potential for Dkk1-treated EPCs as a rescue therapeutic for victims of acute radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy M Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lauren Schlussel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Liman Zhao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Heather A Himburg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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