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Zhou K, Luo W, Gui DD, Ren Z, Wei DH, Liu LS, Li GH, Tang ZH, Xiong WH, Hu HJ, Jiang ZS. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates atherosclerosis induced by low shear stress by sulfhydrylating endothelium NFIL3 to restrain MEST mediated endothelial mesenchymal transformation. Nitric Oxide 2024; 142:47-57. [PMID: 38049061 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) induced by low shear stress plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the correlation between hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a protective gaseous mediator in atherosclerosis and the process of EndMT. METHODS We constructed a stable low-shear-stress-induced(2 dyn/cm2) EndMT model, acombined with the pretreatment method of hydrogen sulfide slow release agent(GYY4137). The level of MEST was detected in the common carotid artery of ApoE-/- mice with local carotid artery ligation. The effect of MEST on atherosclerosis development in vivo was verified using ApoE-/- mice were given tail-vein injection of endothelial-specific overexpressed and knock-down MEST adeno-associated virus (AAV). RESULTS These findings confirmed that MEST is up-regulated in low-shear-stress-induced EndMT and atherosclerosis. In vivo experiments showed that MEST gene overexpression significantly promoted EndMT and aggravated the development of atherosclerotic plaques and MEST gene knockdown significantly inhibited EndMT and delayed the process of atherosclerosis. In vitro, H2S inhibits the expression of MEST and EndMT induced by low shear stress and inhibits EndMT induced by MEST overexpression. Knockdown of NFIL3 inhibit the up regulation of MEST and EndMT induced by low shear stress in HUVECs. CHIP-qPCR assay and Luciferase Reporter assay confirmed that NFIL3 binds to MEST DNA, increases its transcription and H2S inhibits the binding of NFIL3 and MEST DNA, weakening NFIL3's transcriptional promotion of MEST. Mechanistically, H2S increased the sulfhydrylation level of NFIL3, an important upstream transcription factors of MEST. In part, transcription factor NFIL3 restrain its binding to MEST DNA by sulfhydration. CONCLUSIONS H2S negatively regulate the expression of MEST by sulfhydrylation of NFIL3, thereby inhibiting low-shear-stress-induced EndMT and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Wen Luo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China; Department of Basic Medicine, Changsha Health Vocational College, Changsha, 410699, China.
| | - Dan-Dan Gui
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Dang-Heng Wei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Guo-Hua Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Zhi-Han Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Wen-Hao Xiong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Heng-Jing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, China.
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
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Lu JY, Zhang M, Lin JA, Chen HR, Li YJ, Gao X, Wang CX, Liu LS, Liao X. [A control study of steroid withdrawal protection strategy after kidney transplantation in children]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2023; 61:799-804. [PMID: 37650161 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20230212-00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To study the influence of steroid withdrawal protection strategy on height growth in pediatric patients after kidney transplantation. Methods: The prospective cohort study enrolled 40 stage 5 chronic kidney disease children receiving kidney transplantation from July 2017 to September 2022 at Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center. Based on the primary preoperative disease, patients with immune abnormality-associated glomerular diseases or unknown causes were assigned to the steroid maintenance group, in which patients received steroid tapering within 3 months after surgery to a maintenance dose of 2.5 to 5.0 mg/d. While patients with hereditary kidney disease or congenital urinary malformations were assigned to the steroid withdrawal group, in which patients had steroids tapered off within 3 months. The characteristics of height catch-up growth and clinical data were compared between the 2 groups at baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after kidney transplantation. T-test, repeated measurement of variance analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher exact test were used for the comparison between the 2 groups. Results: Among the 40 children, 17 were males, 23 were females, 25 were in the steroid withdraw group ((7.8±2.8) years old when receiving kidney transplantation) and 15 cases were in the steroid maintenance group ((7.6±3.5) years old when receiving kidney transplantation). The study population was followed up for (26±12) months. The total dose per unit body weight of steroids in the steroid withdrawal group was lower than that in the steroid maintenance group ((0.13±0.06) vs. (0.36±0.19) mg/(kg·d), t=5.83, P<0.001). The height catch-up rate (ΔHtSDS) in the first year after kidney transplantation in the steroid withdraw and steroid maintenance groups was 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) and 0.4 (0.1, 1.0), respectively; in the second year, the ΔHtSDS in the steroid withdraw group was significantly higher than that in the steroid maintenance group (1.1 (0.2, 1.7) vs. 0.3 (0, 0.8), U=28.00, P=0.039). The HtSDS in the steroid withdrawal group at the five follow-up time points was -2.5±0.8, -2.0±0.8, -1.5±0.8, -1.3±0.9 and -0.5±0.3, respectively, while in the steroid maintenance was -2.4±1.3, -2.2±1.1, -2.0±1.0, -1.8±1.0 and -1.6±1.0, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in HtSDS at different follow-up time points in both 2 groups (F=19.81, P<0.01), but no statistical differences in overall impact between the 2 groups (F=1.13, P=0.204). The steroid treatment was interaction with the increase of follow-up time (F=3.62, P=0.009). At the 24th month after transplantation, the HtSDS in the steroid withdrawal group was significantly higher than that in the steroid maintenance group (P=0.047). Six patients in the steroid withdrawal group experienced antibody-mediated immune rejection (AMR), while 3 did in the steroid maintenance group. Moreover, there was no significant difference in AMR between the two groups (χ2=0.06, P=0.814). Conclusion: The steroid withdrawal protection strategy favors the height catch-up growth in pediatric patients after kidney transplantation and does not increase the risk of postoperative antibody-mediated immune rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Lu
- Department of Nephology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - M Zhang
- Department of Nephology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - J A Lin
- Department of Nephology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - H R Chen
- Department of Nephology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Y J Li
- Department of Nephology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - X Gao
- Department of Nephology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - C X Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - L S Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - X Liao
- Department of Nephology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510120, China
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Xu Q, Zhao YM, He NQ, Gao R, Xu WX, Zhuo XJ, Ren Z, Wu CY, Liu LS. PCSK9: A emerging participant in heart failure. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114106. [PMID: 36535197 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome caused by various cardiovascular diseases. Its main pathogenesis includes cardiomyocyte loss, myocardial energy metabolism disorder, and activation of cardiac inflammation. Due to the clinically unsatisfactory treatment of heart failure, different mechanisms need to be explored to provide new targets for the treatment of this disease. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a gene mainly related to familial hypercholesterolemia, was discovered in 2003. Aside from regulating lipid metabolism, PCSK9 may be involved in other biological processes such as apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, inflammation, and tumor immunity and related to diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, clinical data have shown that the circulating PCSK9 level is significantly increased in patients with heart failure, and it is related to the prognosis for heart failure. Furthermore, in animal models and patients with myocardial infarction, PCSK9 in the infarct margin area was also found to be significantly increased, which further suggested that PCSK9 might be closely related to heart failure. However, the specific mechanism of how PCSK9 participates in heart failure remains to be further explored. The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential mechanism of PCSK9's involvement in heart failure, thereby providing a new treatment strategy for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Yi-Meng Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Nai-Qi He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Rong Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Wen-Xin Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Xiu-Juan Zhuo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Chun-Yan Wu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, PR China.
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, PR China.
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Liu XY, Liu ZG, Deng Q, Cheng XR, Hu B, Liu LS, Wang XH. [Associations between 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and all-cause mortality in adults living in north China]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2022; 50:1220-1228. [PMID: 36517444 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20220421-00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the associations between 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (24hUNaE) and all-cause mortality in adult Northern Chinese population. Methods: Data from this study were derived from the prospective urban and rural epidemiology (PURE) study in north China. Baseline information of all participants were obtained by face to face interview through trained research staffs based on questionnaires, and morning fasting urine samples of participants were collected to estimate 24hUNaE and 24-hour potassium excretion (24hUKE). Multivariable frailty Cox regression models were used to explore the association between 24hUNaE (<3.00, 3.00-3.99, 4.00-4.99, 5.00-5.99 and ≥6 g/d) and all-cause death. Results: A total of 27 310 participants were included in this study. The mean 24hUNaE was (5.84±1.73) g/d. After a median follow-up of 8.8 years, 1 024 participants died (3.7%), including 390 cardiovascular related deaths and 591 non-cardiovascular related deaths. The cause of death of the remaining patients could not be determined. Using 24hUNaE level of 4.00-4.99 g/d as the reference group, after fully adjustment, 24hUNaE ≥6.00 g/d was associated with an increased risk of all-cause death (HR=1.24, 95%CI: 1.02-1.49) and cardiovascular related death (HR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.02-1.88). 24hUNaE<3.00 g/d was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.38, 95%CI: 0.96-1.99). There was no significant association between 24hUNaE and non-cardiovascular related death. Furthermore, using the combination of 24hUNaE 4.00-4.99 g/d and 24hUKE≥2.11 g/d as the reference group, the highest risk occurred in participants with the combination of low sodium (<3.00 g/d) and low potassium (<2.11 g/d). Conclusion: 24hUNaE equal or higher than 6 g/d or lower than 3 g/d is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular related death in Northern Chinese population. Besides, moderate sodium intake in combination with increased potassium intake might reduce the risk of all-cause death.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Liu
- Department of Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Z G Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Q Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai, Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102300, China
| | - X R Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai, Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102300, China
| | - B Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai, Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102300, China
| | - L S Liu
- Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Beijing 100039, China
| | - X H Wang
- Department of Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
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Bai L, Wang J, Liu LS, Cui SH, Guo YC, Li N, Liu ZP. [Implications for risk management of foodborne pathogens in China from the outbreak of monophasic salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium contaminated chocolate products]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 56:1648-1656. [PMID: 36372758 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20220712-00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks caused by highly industrialized food companies are characterized by cross-border, trans-regional, rapid and unpredictable, related to serious disease and economic burden. A cluster of cases with monophasic salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ST34 infection suspected to be associated with consumption of contaminated chocolate products have been reported in several Europe countries since December 2021. After retrospective investigations, the buttermilk circuit in the Belgian factory was suspected to be the point of origin of the contamination. This outbreak could provide a reference for the risk management of foodborne pathogens contamination in China. The objective of this paper was to summarize the process and characteristics of the outbreak of monophasic S. Typhimurium caused by contaminated chocolate products, analyze the characteristics of ST34 monophasic S. Typhimurium and the microbial management measures in the process of chocolate products, and systematically discuss the suggestions for the risk management of foodborne pathogens contamination and countermeasures for the rapid development of industrialization of food enterprises in China, in order to provide scientific and technological support for the prevention and control, prediction and early warning of sudden cases in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - J Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - L S Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - S H Cui
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Y C Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - N Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Z P Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
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Yang YW, Deng NH, Tian KJ, Liu LS, Wang Z, Wei DH, Liu HT, Jiang ZS. Development of hydrogen sulfide donors for anti-atherosclerosis therapeutics research: Challenges and future priorities. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:909178. [PMID: 36035922 PMCID: PMC9412017 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.909178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gas transmitter found in eukaryotic organisms, plays an essential role in several physiological processes. H2S is one of the three primary biological gas transmission signaling mediators, along with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. Several animal and in vitro experiments have indicated that H2S can prevent coronary endothelial mesenchymal transition, reduce the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules, and stabilize intravascular plaques, suggesting its potential role in the treatment of atherosclerosis (AS). H2S donors are compounds that can release H2S under certain circumstances. Development of highly targeted H2S donors is a key imperative as these can allow for in-depth evaluation of the anti-atherosclerotic effects of exogenous H2S. More importantly, identification of an optimal H2S donor is critical for the creation of H2S anti-atherosclerotic prodrugs. In this review, we discuss a wide range of H2S donors with anti-AS potential along with their respective transport pathways and design-related limitations. We also discuss the utilization of nano-synthetic technologies to manufacture H2S donors. This innovative and effective design example sheds new light on the production of highly targeted H2S donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Wei Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Nian-Hua Deng
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Kai-Jiang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Dang-Heng Wei
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hui-Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Sheng Jiang
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Nibali L, Sousa V, Davrandi M, Liu LS, Spratt D, Donos N. Patterns of subgingival microbiota in different periodontal phenotypes. J Dent 2021; 117:103912. [PMID: 34890714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the subgingival microbiota of patients with aggressive (AgP) or chronic periodontitis (CP) to healthy (H), non-periodontitis patients as well as to explore their relevant associations to different host genetic variants. METHODS Following clinical examination, blood and subgingival plaque sampling of 471 study participants (125 AgP, 121 CP, 225 H), subgingival community analysis was performed by next generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA. Microbial data from 266 participants (75 AgP, 95 CP, 98 H) were available for analysis. SNPs in the IL6, IL6R and FTO gene were selected for genetic marker analyses. RESULTS Combined periodontitis patients (AgP + CP), particularly those classified with AgP, exhibited lower alpha- and beta- diversity. Several genera (including Peptostreptococcaceae, Filifactor, Desulfobulbus, Tannerella and Lachnospiracee) and species were over-abundant in combined periodontitis vs. healthy individuals, while other genera such as Prevotella or Dialister were found to be more abundant in healthy cases. The only genus with difference in abundance between AgP and CP was Granulicatella. No associations between IL6, IL6RA and FTO genetic variants and microbial findings were detected. CONCLUSION This study suggests that limited microbial differences existed between AgP and CP and challenges the current notion that periodontitis is associated with increased subgingival microbial diversity compared with periodontal health. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The findings of this study cast some doubts on the notion that the dysbiosis characteristic of periodontal disease is expressed as increased microbial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Centre for Oral, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London (QMUL), London, United Kingdom.
| | - V Sousa
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Centre for Oral, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London (QMUL), London, United Kingdom
| | - M Davrandi
- Microbiology Department, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - L S Liu
- Periodontology Unit, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - D Spratt
- Microbiology Department, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - N Donos
- Centre for Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London (QMUL), London, United Kingdom
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Liu LS, Zhao JL, He YL, Song YJ, Zeng XF. [The 490th case: arthralgia, amenorrhea, aphasia]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2021; 60:1189-1192. [PMID: 34856695 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20210425-00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A 25-year-old woman was admitted to Peking Union Medical Hospital presented with arthralgia for 5 years, amenorrhea for 16 months, and speech disorder for 3 months. This patient has been afflicted by intermittent pain in metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of both hands for 5 years. Her menstruation has been irregular 1 year ago and rapidly progressed to amenorrhea. Laboratory tests revealed postmenopausal sex hormones levels (estradiol<5 ng/L, follicle-stimulating hormone 62.5 IU/L, luteinizing hormone 58.71 IU/L) and no antral follicles were seen in gynecologic ultrasound. She was diagnosed with premature ovarian failure and treated with hormone replacement therapy, still with no ovulation. Numbness and weakness of right arm has recurrently occurred to her 4 months ago, and persistent weakness of right limbs combined with motor speech disorder occurred 1 month later. Magnetic resonance angiography was suggestive of ischemic stroke. Hormone replacement therapy was discontinued. Comprehensive laboratory tests revealed positive anti-dsDNA, anti-SSA/SSB, anticardiolipin and anti-β2GPⅠ antibodies. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) was diagnosed. Since no drug with gonadal toxicity had been applied to the patient before, her amenorrhea was considered to be due to autoimmune oophoritis secondary to SLE. After treated with high-dose glucocorticoid, mycophenolate mofetil and hydroxychloroquine for 4 months, her menstruation recurred and regularly occurred till now. In some cases, amenorrhea in SLE patient might be resulted from autoimmune oophoritis associated with lupus flare, instead of use of drug with gonadal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100730, China
| | - J L Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y L He
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y J Song
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - X F Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100730, China
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Liang Y, Gong ZB, Lou KJ, Liu LS, Zhu J. [Rivaroxaban with aspirin for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in Chinese patients with stable cardiovascular diseases: subgroup analysis of COMPASS]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2021; 49:873-879. [PMID: 34530594 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20210319-00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of rivaroxaban-aspirin combination therapy in secondary prevention of major adverse cardiovascular events in Chinese patients enrolled in the COMPASS trial. Methods: COMPASS was a prospective, international multi-center and randomized controlled trial. From September 2014 to February 2017, 1 086 patients with stable coronary artery disease and peripheral artery diseases were recruited from 31 centers in China. Patients were randomly assigned to separately receive the therapy of rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice a day) plus aspirin (100 mg once a day,) group (n=366), rivaroxaban (5 mg twice a day) alone group (n=365), and aspirin (100 mg once a day) alone group (n=355). Baseline information such as age, sex, etc. of all three groups was collected. Finally, 1 081 patients were followed up successfully, with the follow-up rate 99.5% and the average follow-up time was 19 months. The primary efficacy endpoint was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction and stroke. The primary safety endpoint was major bleeding evaluated by modified International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis criteria. Results: Age of patients was (64.2±8.3) years and there were 293 male in rivaroxaban plus aspirin group. Age of patients was (63.8±9.0) years, and there were 301 male patients in rivaroxaban alone group. Age of patients was (63.6±8.8) years, and there were 282 male patients in the aspirin alone group. The incidences of primary efficacy endpoint occurred in 9 cases (1.5%) in rivaroxaban with aspirin group, 21 cases (3.7%) in rivaroxaban alone group and 14 cases (2.5%) in aspirin alone group. Meanwhile, the incidences of primary safety endpoint occurred in 6 cases (1.0%) in rivaroxaban with aspirin group, 9 cases (1.6%) in rivaroxaban alone group and 7 cases (1.2%) in aspirin alone group. The net clinical benefit events were 10 cases (1.7%) in rivaroxaban with aspirin group, 22 cases (3.9%) in rivaroxaban alone group and 15 cases (2.7%) in aspirin alone group (P>0.5%). Conclusions: The combination of rivaroxaban with aspirin can be safe and effectively used for the secondary prevention in Chinese patients with stable coronary artery disease and peripheral artery diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liang
- Emergency and Intensive Care Center, Cardiovascular Department, Fuwai Hospital, Chinses Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Z B Gong
- Emergency and Intensive Care Center, Cardiovascular Department, Fuwai Hospital, Chinses Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - K J Lou
- Emergency and Intensive Care Center, Cardiovascular Department, Fuwai Hospital, Chinses Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - L S Liu
- Emergency and Intensive Care Center, Cardiovascular Department, Fuwai Hospital, Chinses Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - J Zhu
- Emergency and Intensive Care Center, Cardiovascular Department, Fuwai Hospital, Chinses Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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Zhou K, Tian KJ, Yan BJ, Gui DD, Luo W, Ren Z, Wei DH, Liu LS, Jiang ZS. A promising field: regulating imbalance of EndMT in cardiovascular diseases. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1477-1486. [PMID: 34266366 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1951939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is widely involved in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. Although there is no direct evidence, it is very promising as an effective target for the treatment of these diseases. Endothelial cells need to respond to the complex cardiovascular environment through EndMT, but sustained stimuli will cause the imbalance of EndMT. Blocking the signal transduction promoting EndMT is an effective method to control the imbalance of EndMT. In particular, we also discussed the potential role of endothelial cell apoptosis and autophagy in regulating the imbalance of EndMT. In addition, promoting mesenchymal-endothelial transformation (MEndT) is also a method to control the imbalance of EndMT. However, targeting EndMT to treat cardiovascular disease still faces many challenges. By reviewing the research progress of EndMT, we have put forward some insights and translated them into challenges and opportunities for new treatment strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kai-Jiang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bin-Jie Yan
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dan-Dan Gui
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dang-Heng Wei
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
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11
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Liu HT, Zhou ZX, Ren Z, Yang S, Liu LS, Wang Z, Wei DH, Ma XF, Ma Y, Jiang ZS. EndMT: Potential Target of H 2S against Atherosclerosis. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3666-3680. [PMID: 33200693 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999201116194634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic arterial wall illness that forms atherosclerotic plaques within the arteries. Plaque formation and endothelial dysfunction are atherosclerosis' characteristics. It is believed that the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis mainly include endothelial cell damage, lipoprotein deposition, inflammation and fibrous cap formation, but its molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. Therefore, protecting the vascular endothelium from damage is one of the key factors against atherosclerosis. The factors and processes involved in vascular endothelial injury are complex. Finding out the key factors and mechanisms of atherosclerosis caused by vascular endothelial injury is an important target for reversing and preventing atherosclerosis. Changes in cell adhesion are the early characteristics of EndMT, and cell adhesion is related to vascular endothelial injury and atherosclerosis. Recent researches have exhibited that endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) can urge atherosclerosis' progress, and it is expected that inhibition of EndMT will be an object for anti-atherosclerosis. We speculate whether inhibition of EndMT can become an effective target for reversing atherosclerosis by improving cell adhesion changes and vascular endothelial injury. Studies have shown that H2S has a strong cardiovascular protective effect. As H2S has anti- inflammatory, anti-oxidant, inhibiting foam cell formation, regulating ion channels and enhancing cell adhesion and endothelial functions, the current research on H2S in cardiovascular aspects is increasing, but anti-atherosclerosis's molecular mechanism and the function of H2S in EndMT have not been explicit. In order to explore the mechanism of H2S against atherosclerosis, to find an effective target to reverse atherosclerosis, we sum up the progress of EndMT promoting atherosclerosis, and Hydrogen sulfide's potential anti- EndMT effect is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ting Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Sai Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Dang-Heng Wei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Yun Ma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
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12
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Liu LS, Guo WP, Wang YF, Dong Y, Tuo Y, Wang S, Wan S, Phuntsok CZX, Peng L, Li J, Han AJ, Liu DW. [Hepatic echinococcus granulosus: a clinicopathological analysis of thirteen cases]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2021; 50:650-654. [PMID: 34078055 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20210202-00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics of hepatic echinococcus granulosus (HEG). Methods: Thirteen cases of HEG were collected from Linzhi People's Hospital between January 2017 to October 2020, and their clinicopathologic features, ultrasound classification, immunophenotype and histochemical data were analyzed, retrospectively and the relevant literature was reviewed. Results: Thirteen patients (5 male patients, 8 female patients) were included in this cohort, and the mean age was 40 years. The most common clinical presentation was mild abdominal distention and pain (9/13). Based on WHO-IWGE ultrasound standardized classification, these cases were classified into 5 types, including type CL (1 case), type CE1 (2 cases), type CE2 (4 cases), type CE3 (3 cases) and type CE4 (3 cases). Gross examination revealed a solitary cyst localized in the liver, varying from 2.7 to 13.5 cm in diameter, and most of them(10/13)were more than 10 cm. Histopathologically, these cysts possessed a thin inner germinal layer and outer adventitial layer, and a central cavity filled with a clear"hydatid"fluid. The germinal layer was continuous and generated brood capsules and protoscoleces. The laminated membranes were clearly demonstrated by elastic fiber and Gomori's stains. Inside the"mother"cyst, there were a varying number of"daughter"vesicles of variable sizes. The inflammatory reaction around the cyst consisted of eosinophils, mononuclear cells immediately next to the cyst layer and sometimes formed granuloma and giant cells resembling the Langhan's type giant cells. The lymphoid cells were positive for CD20 and CD3. The CD68 immunohistochemistry clearly demonstrated epithelioid cells of granuloma in two cases. Moreover, immunohistochemistry revealed plasma cells were locally positive for CD38, IgG and IgG4, but not meeting the criteria for IgG4 related lesion. Conclusions: Hepatic echinococcus granulosus is a zoonotic parasitic disease prevalent in pastoral areas such as Tibet. It is important to understand its clinical features, ultrasound characteristics and histological morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Liu
- Department of Pathology, Linzhi People's Hospital, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - W P Guo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Y F Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Y Dong
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Y Tuo
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - S Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - S Wan
- Department of Pathology, Linzhi People's Hospital, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - C Z X Phuntsok
- Department of Pathology, Linzhi People's Hospital, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - L Peng
- Department of Laboratory, Linzhi People's Hospital, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - J Li
- ENT. Department, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - A J Han
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - D W Liu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Xiang Q, Liu W, Zeng J, Deng Y, Peng J, Liu H, Ren Z, Jiang Z, Liu L, Tang Z. Effect of PCSK9 on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Functions: A New Player in Atherosclerosis. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:7446-7460. [PMID: 34060998 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210531150302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a secretory serine protease that plays multiple biological functions in the regulation of physiological and pathological processes. PCSK9 inhibitors decrease the circulating LDL-cholesterol level with well-known preventive and therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis (AS), but increasing evidence shows that the direct impact of PCSK9 on the vascular wall also plays an important role in atherosclerotic progression. Compared with other vascular cells, a large proportion of PCSK9 is originated from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Therefore, defining the effect of VSMC-derived PCSK9 on response changes, such as phenotypic switch, apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, foam cell formation, and calcification of VSMC, helps us better understand the "pleiotropic" effects of VSMC on the atherosclerotic process. In addition, our understanding of the mechanisms of PCSK9 controlling VSMC functions in vivo is far from enough. This review aims to holistically evaluate and analyze the current state of our knowledge regarding PCSK9 actions affecting on VSMC functions and its mechanism in atherosclerotic lesion development. A mechanistic understanding of PCSK9 effects on VSMC will further underpin the success of a new therapeutic strategy targeting AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - WenFeng Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - JingLin Zeng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - YiMing Deng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - HuiTing Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - ZhiSheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - LuShan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - ZhiHan Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
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14
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Zhou ZX, Ren Z, Yan BJ, Qu SL, Tang ZH, Wei DH, Liu LS, Fu MG, Jiang ZS. The Role of Ubiquitin E3 Ligase in Atherosclerosis. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:152-168. [PMID: 32141415 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200306124418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in both developed and developing countries. Many pathophysiological factors, including abnormal cholesterol metabolism, vascular inflammatory response, endothelial dysfunction and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and apoptosis, contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of atherosclerosis are not fully understood. Ubiquitination is a multistep post-translational protein modification that participates in many important cellular processes. Emerging evidence suggests that ubiquitination plays important roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in many ways, including regulation of vascular inflammation, endothelial cell and vascular smooth muscle cell function, lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic plaque stability. This review summarizes important contributions of various E3 ligases to the development of atherosclerosis. Targeting ubiquitin E3 ligases may provide a novel strategy for the prevention of the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xiang Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Bin-Jie Yan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Shun-Lin Qu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Zhi-Han Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Dang-Heng Wei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Min-Gui Fu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
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Gui DD, Luo W, Yan BJ, Ren Z, Tang ZH, Liu LS, Zhang JF, Jiang ZS. Effects of gut microbiota on atherosclerosis through hydrogen sulfide. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 896:173916. [PMID: 33529724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is affected by both environmental and genetic factors. Microenvironmental disorders of the human gut flora are associated with a variety of health problems, not only gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, but also extralintestinal organs. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the third gas signaling molecule other than nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. In the cardiovascular system, H2S plays important roles in the regulation of blood pressure, angiogenesis, smooth muscle cell proliferation and apoptosis, anti-oxidative stress, cardiac functions. This review is aiming to explore the potential role of gut microbiota in the development of atherosclerosis through hydrogen sulfide production as a novel therapeutic direction for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Gui
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Bin-Jie Yan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhi-Han Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Ji-Feng Zhang
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
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Luo W, Gui DD, Yan BJ, Ren Z, Peng LJ, Wei DH, Liu LS, Zhang DW, Jiang ZS. Hydrogen Sulfide Switch Phenomenon Regulating Autophagy in Cardiovascular Diseases. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 34:113-121. [PMID: 32090295 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-019-06927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a novel gaseous signaling molecule, is a vital physiological signal in mammals. H2S protects the cardiovascular system via modulation of vasodilation, vascular remodeling, and inhibition of vascular calcification, and also has anti-atherosclerosis properties. Autophagy is a lysosomal-mediated intracellular degradation mechanism for excessive or abnormal proteins and lipids. The contribution of autophagy to normal and disease-state cell physiology is extremely complicated. Autophagy acts as a double-edged sword in the cardiovascular system. It can defend against damage to cells caused by environmental changes and it can also induce active cell death under certain conditions. In recent years, accumulating evidence indicates that H2S can up- or downregulate autophagy in many pathological processes, thereby switching from a harmful to a beneficial role. In this review, we summarize progress on understanding the mechanism by which H2S regulates autophagy in cardiovascular disease. We also discuss a H2S switch phenomenon that regulates autophagy and provides protection in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Luo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dan-Dan Gui
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bin-Jie Yan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li-Jun Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, China.,Medical Record Statistics Office and Library, The Pediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, 410007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dang-Heng Wei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, China.
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Deng RH, Li J, Zhang HX, Li J, Fu Q, Huang G, Liu LS, Fei JG, Chen WF, Yang SC, Wang CX, Deng SX. [Therapeutic effect of tonsillectomy on IgA nephropathy after kidney transplantation]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 100:2378-2382. [PMID: 32791815 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20191120-02526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To observe the clinical effect of tonsillectomy on IgA nephropathy (IgAN) after renal transplantation. Methods: From March 2011 to July 2018, 201 kidney transplantation recipients who were diagnosed of IgAN by transplant renal biopsy in the Department of Organ Transplantation of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively reviewed, of which 18 patients underwent tonsillectomy after renal biopsy. The clinical data of the 18 patients were collected, patient and kidney survival time and function of the transplanted kidney were analyzed. Results: Of the 18 recipients, 13 were male and 5 were female, with an average age of (36.0±10.9) years. All 18 patients survived during follow-up. Two patients returned to dialysis treatment 10 months and 14 months after tonsillectomy, respectively. The creatinine was 94 (78, 133) μmol/L, 95 (74, 139) μmol/L, 106 (87, 158) μmol/L and 95(81, 147) μmol/L before tonsillectomy, 3 months, 1 year and 2 years after tonsillectomy, respectively (P=0.206). Urinary protein quantification was 0.31 (0.16, 1.38) g/24 h, 0.34 (0.10, 1.42) g/24 h, 0.33 (0.11, 0.56) g/24 h and 0.25 (0.10, 0.50) g/24 h at the same time points, respectively (P=0.104). The two patients who returned to dialysis were diagnosed of IgAN by transplant renal biopsy because of elevated creatinine, proteinuria and hematuria, 9 years and 4 years after kidney transplant respectively. Renal biopsy suggested that glomerular and segmental sclerosis were 7/24, 5/24 and 1/6, 2/6, respectively. Additionally, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA) were both occupied 30% in the biopsies, and tonsillectomy was performed 461 days and 1 077 days after diagnosis of IgAN, respectively. Conclusions: Tonsillectomy can maintain the stability of renal function and prevent the aggravation of proteinuria in IgAN patients after renal transplantation. However, if pathology suggests obvious glomerulosclerosis or IF/TA, tonsillectomy may not be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Deng
- Department of Organ Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - H X Zhang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Organ Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Q Fu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - G Huang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - L S Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - J G Fei
- Department of Organ Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - W F Chen
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - S C Yang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - C X Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - S X Deng
- Department of Organ Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Liu XR, Xu Q, Xiao J, Deng YM, Tang ZH, Tang YL, Liu LS. Role of oral microbiota in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 506:191-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Guo Y, Zeng J, Li Q, Li P, Luo FM, Zhang WZ, Lu YX, Wang Q, Zhang W, Zeng ZP, Liu LS. [Preliminary clinical study of direct renin inhibitor aliskiren in the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with hypertension]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2020; 59:610-617. [PMID: 32340096 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20200328-00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the feasibility of direct renin inhibitor aliskiren for the treatment of severe patients of COVID-19 with hypertension. Methods: A retrospective case analysis of effectiveness and safety of aliskiren treatment to lower blood pressure in three severe and one critically ill patients of COVID-19 with hypertension. Results: Four patients, two males and two females, with an average age of 78 years (66-87 years), were referred to hospital mainly because of respiratory symptoms. Three cases were confirmed by 2019-nCoV nucleic acid and antibody detection (severe type), and one with cardiac insufficiency was clinically determined (critically ill type). The previous diagnosis of hypertension was clear. Two patients took calcium channel antagonist (CCB), one patient took angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), and one patient took angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARB). After admission, ACEI or ARB were discontinued, one patient with heart failure patient was treated by aliskiren combined with diuretic; 3 patients were treated with aliskiren combined with CCB. Two patients were stopped to use CCB due to low blood pressure after 1 to 2 weeks of using CCB and aliskiren. On the basis of comprehensive therapy combined with antiviral and oxygenation treatment, aliskiren antihypertensive treatment was taken for three to four weeks. The blood pressure control of four patients was satisfactory and there was no complaint of discomfort. The condition improved, and all patients had reached the discharge standard and were discharged. Conclusion: Our preliminary clinical data shows that aliskiren's antihypertensive therapy is effective and safe for severe COVID-19 patients complicated with hypertension. Further clinical aliskiren therapy study is required with more COVID-19 patients..
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Guo
- Departments of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Deparment of Infectious Disease 1, Guanggu District, Hubei Province Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - J Zeng
- Deparment of Infectious Disease 1, Guanggu District, Hubei Province Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuhan 430200, China; Department of Aviation Disease, Naval Medical Center of PLA, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Q Li
- Deparment of Infectious Disease 1, Guanggu District, Hubei Province Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuhan 430200, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - P Li
- Deparment of Infectious Disease 1, Guanggu District, Hubei Province Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuhan 430200, China; Departments of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - F M Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W Z Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y X Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Q Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV) , Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - W Zhang
- Deparment of Infectious Disease 1, Guanggu District, Hubei Province Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuhan 430200, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Z P Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - L S Liu
- Departments of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
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20
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Yang S, Yuan HQ, Hao YM, Ren Z, Qu SL, Liu LS, Wei DH, Tang ZH, Zhang JF, Jiang ZS. Macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 501:142-146. [PMID: 31730809 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory response that increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. An in-depth study of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is critical for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The development of atherosclerosis involves many cells, such as endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and others. The considerable effects of macrophages in atherosclerosis are inextricably linked to macrophage polarization and the resulting phenotype. Moreover, the significant impact of macrophages on atherosclerosis depend not only on the function of the different macrophage phenotypes but also on the relative ratio of different phenotypes in the plaque. Research on atherosclerosis therapy indicates that the reduced plaque size and enhanced stability are partly due to modulating macrophage polarization. Therefore, regulating macrophage polarization and changing the proportion of macrophage phenotypes in plaques is a new therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis. This review provides a new perspective for atherosclerosis therapy by summarizing the relationship between macrophage polarization and atherosclerosis, as well as treatment targeting macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
| | - Hou-Qin Yuan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
| | - Ya-Meng Hao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
| | - Shun-Lin Qu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
| | - Dang-Heng Wei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
| | - Zhi-Han Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
| | - Ji-Feng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, NCRC Bldg26-357S, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China.
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Xiao J, Deng YM, Liu XR, Cao JP, Zhou M, Tang YL, Xiong WH, Jiang ZS, Tang ZH, Liu LS. PCSK9: A new participant in lipophagy in regulating atherosclerosis? Clin Chim Acta 2019; 495:358-364. [PMID: 31075236 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) regulates lipid metabolism by degrading low-density lipoprotein receptor on the surface of hepatocytes. PCSK9-mediated lipid degradation is associated with lipophagy. Lipophagy is a process by which autophagosomes selectively sequester lipid-droplet-stored lipids and are delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Lipophagy was first discovered in hepatocytes, and its occurrence provides important fundamental insights into how lipid metabolism regulates cellular physiology and pathophysiology. Furthermore, PCSK9 may regulate lipid levels by affecting lipophagy. This review will discuss recent advances by which PCSK9 mediates lipid degradation via the lipophagy pathway and present lipophagy as a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Yi-Min Deng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xiang-Rui Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Jian-Ping Cao
- Hunan Environmental Biology Vocational and Technical College, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Min Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Wen-Hao Xiong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Zhi-Han Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
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Xiao J, Bai XQ, Liao L, Zhou M, Peng J, Xiang Q, Ren Z, Wen HY, Jiang ZS, Tang ZH, Wang MM, Liu LS. Hydrogen sulfide inhibits PCSK9 expression through the PI3K/Akt‑SREBP‑2 signaling pathway to influence lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:2055-2063. [PMID: 30864739 PMCID: PMC6443339 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gaseous signaling molecule that plays important roles in the cardiovascular system. In our previous studies, we demonstrated that H2S regulates lipid metabolism. In the present study, we aimed to explore the mechanisms through which H2 regulates lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells in vitro. Treatment of the HepG2 cells with H2S inhibited the expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and increased the level of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The knockdown of PCSK9 by siRNA effectively increased the levels of LDLR and 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate-labeled LDL (DiI-LDL) uptake in the H2S-treated HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)-sterol regulatory element binding proteins 2 (SREBP-2) signaling pathway was confirmed to be involved in H2S-regulated PCSK9 expression. Notably, the HepG2 cells were incubated with 30% serum and DiI-LDL for 24 h, and the results revealed that H2S increased lipid uptake, but caused no increase in lipid accumulation. On the whole, the findings of this study demonstrate that H2S is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells through the regulation of the expression of PCSK9 via the PI3K/Akt-SREBP-2 signaling pathway. To the very best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report that H2S can regulate the expression of PCSK9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Qin Bai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ling Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Juan Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Xiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Wen
- Medical College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Han Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Mei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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Yuan HQ, Hao YM, Ren Z, Gu HF, Liu FT, Yan BJ, Qu SL, Tang ZH, Liu LS, Chen DX, Jiang ZS. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 491:97-102. [PMID: 30695687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) reduces the development of atherosclerosis by regulating tissue factor (TF) mediated coagulation pathway. In this review, we focus on recent findings on the inhibitory effects of TFPI on endothelial cell activation, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration, inflammatory cell recruitment and extracellular matrix which are associated with the development of atherosclerosis. Meanwhile, we are also concerned about the impact of TFPI levels and genetic polymorphisms on clinical atherogenesis. This article aims to explain the mechanism in inhibiting the development of atherosclerosis and clinical effects of TFPI, and provide new ideas for the clinical researches and mechanism studies of atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Qin Yuan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Ya-Meng Hao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Hong-Feng Gu
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Feng-Tao Liu
- Center of Functional Laboratory, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 42100, PR China
| | - Bin-Jie Yan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Shun-Lin Qu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Zhi-Han Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Da-Xing Chen
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China.
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24
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Hao YM, Yuan HQ, Ren Z, Qu SL, Liu LS, Dang-HengWei, Yin K, Fu M, Jiang ZS. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition in atherosclerotic vascular remodeling. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 490:34-38. [PMID: 30571947 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells are the main components of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels, which play an important role in regulating the physiological functions of the cardiovascular system. Endothelial dysfunction is involved in a variety of acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases. As a special type of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), endothelium to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) regulates the transformation of endothelial cells into mesenchymal cells accompanied by changes in the expression of various transcription factors and cytokines, which is closely related to vascular endothelial injury, vascular remodeling, myocardial fibrosis and valvar disease. Endothelial cells undergoing EndMT lose their endothelial characteristics and undergo a transition toward a more mesenchymal-like phenotype. However, the molecular mechanism of EndMT remains unclear. EndMT, as a type of endothelial dysfunction, can cause vascular remodeling which is a major determinant of atherosclerotic luminal area. Therefore, exploring the important signaling pathways in the process of EndMT may provide novel therapeutic strategies for treating atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Meng Hao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, University of South, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Hou-Qin Yuan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, University of South, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, University of South, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Shun-Lin Qu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, University of South, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, University of South, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Dang-HengWei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, University of South, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Kai Yin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, University of South, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China; Research Lab of Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Mingui Fu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Shock/Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, University of South, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China.
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25
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Tang ZH, Li TH, Peng J, Zheng J, Li TT, Liu LS, Jiang ZS, Zheng XL. PCSK9: A novel inflammation modulator in atherosclerosis? J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2345-2355. [PMID: 30246446 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) is the ninth member of the secretory serine protease family. It binds to low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) for endocytosis and lysosome degradation in the liver, resulting in an increasing in circulating LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c) level. Since a PCSK9 induced increase in plasma LDL-c contributes to atherosclerosis, PCSK9 inhibition has become a new strategy in preventing and treating atherosclerosis. However, in addition to the effect of PCSK9 on elevating blood LDL-c levels, accumulating evidence shows that PCSK9 plays an important role in inflammation, likely representing another major mechanism for PCSK9 to promote atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss the association of PCSK9 and inflammation, and highlight the specific effects of PCSK9 on different vascular cellular components involved in the atherosclerotic inflammation. We also discuss the clinical evidence for the association between PCSK9 and inflammation in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. A better understanding of the direct association of PCSK9 with atherosclerotic inflammation might help establish a new role for PCSK9 in vascular biology and identify a novel molecular mechanism for PCSK9 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Han Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tao-Hua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Lu PP, Wang W, Ma LY, Hu AH, Zhou XL, Liu LS. 3032Cardiovascular outcomes for diuretic-based and non-diuretic-based regiments in high-risk hypertensive patients. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.3032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P P Lu
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, cardiology, Beijing, China People's Republic of
| | - W Wang
- Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Beijing, China People's Republic of
| | - L Y Ma
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, cardiology, Beijing, China People's Republic of
| | - A H Hu
- Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Beijing, China People's Republic of
| | - X L Zhou
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, cardiology, Beijing, China People's Republic of
| | - L S Liu
- Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Beijing, China People's Republic of
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Bai XQ, Peng J, Wang MM, Xiao J, Xiang Q, Ren Z, Wen HY, Jiang ZS, Tang ZH, Liu LS. PCSK9: A potential regulator of apoE/apoER2 against inflammation in atherosclerosis? Clin Chim Acta 2018; 483:192-196. [PMID: 29727700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by chronic inflammation and lipid accumulation in arterial walls, resulting in several vascular events. Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9), a serine protease, has a pivotal role in the degradation of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). It can increase plasma concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and affect lipid metabolism. Recently, PCSK9 has been found to accelerate atherosclerosis via mechanisms apart from that involving the degradation of LDLR, with an emerging role in regulating the inflammatory response in atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (apoER2), one of the LDLR family members expressed in macrophages, can bind to its ligand apolipoprotein E (apoE), exhibiting an anti-inflammatory role in atherosclerosis. Evidence suggests that apoER2 is a target of PCSK9. This review aims to discuss PCSK9 as a potential regulator of apoE/apoER2 against inflammation in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qin Bai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Mei-Mei Wang
- The Department of Pediatrics, The Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Qiong Xiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hong-Yan Wen
- Medical College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhi-Han Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Song SZ, Wu JP, Zhao SG, Casper DP, He B, Liu T, Lang X, Gong XY, Liu LS. The effect of energy restriction on fatty acid profiles of longissimus dorsi and tissue adipose depots in sheep. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:3940-3948. [PMID: 28992034 DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheep production systems in northwest China depend mostly on natural grasslands. Seasonal growth and maturity fluctuations can cause periodical restrictions in food quality and quantity. These fluctuations, in turn, result in variability in fat deposition and fatty acid profiles in different fat depots. Consequently, the study objective was to compare fat deposition, intramuscular fat (IMF) percentage and fatty acid profiles of the longissimus dorsi (LD), kidney fat (KF), tail fat (TF), and subcutaneous fat (SF) in lambs under ME restrictions similar to seasonal changes observed in the natural grasslands of northwest China. Nineteen male Dorper × Small Tailed Han lambs were assigned to 2 treatments, a control (CON) fed at 1.0 MJ / W × d and restricted (RES) by restricting ME sequentially every 30 d (0.56 MJ / W × d, 0.84 / W × d, 1.0 MJ / W × d, 0.84 MJ / W × d, 0.56 MJ / W × d, 0.28 MJ / W × d). All lambs were harvested at the end of the 180 d experimental period. Compared to CON fed lambs, restricting ME resulted in lesser IMF, fat deposition indexes ( < 0.05) except testicular and heart fat and greater ( < 0.05) SFA in LD, KF, and TF depots. The RES fed lambs had greater ( < 0.05) -3 PUFA, eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n3), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3, EPA), and trans-linolelaidic acid (C18:2n6t) in LD muscle. The conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) content was greater in the SF depots of the CON fed lambs compared to the RES fed lambs. Fatty acid ratios (unsaturated fatty acid; USFA:SFA, MUFA:SFA, PUFA:SFA), and percentage USFA in RES fed lambs were lesser in muscle and adipose tissue compared to CON fed lambs ( < 0.05), except SF depots. In RES fed lambs, EFA were less ( < 0.05) in LD and KF depots and the ratios of functional fatty acids were lesser in LD and some adipose tissues ( < 0.05), including lesser n-6:n-3 in KF and SF ( < 0.05) depots, lesser USFA, SFA, MUFA, SFA in LD, KF, and TF ( < 0.05) depots, and lesser PUFA and SFA in LD and TF ( < 0.05) depots. Results from this research demonstrate that sequential energy restriction, as might be experience during seasonal forage quality and quantity changes in natural grasslands, result in lesser intramuscular fat with associated lesser quality, as well as, changes in fatty acid composition in different fat depots, which has implications for both meat quality and animal physiological functions.
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Peng J, Yang Q, Li AF, Li RQ, Wang Z, Liu LS, Ren Z, Zheng XL, Tang XQ, Li GH, Tang ZH, Jiang ZS, Wei DH. Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 inhibits atherosclerosis via upregulation of autophagy in ApoE-/- mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76423-76436. [PMID: 27821816 PMCID: PMC5363520 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) mediates the conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). The loss of TET2 is associated with advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Our previous study showed that TET2 improves endothelial cell function by enhancing endothelial cell autophagy. Accordingly, this study determined the role of TET2 in atherosclerosis and potential mechanisms. In ApoE-/- mice fed high-fat diet, TET2 overexpression markedly decreased atherosclerotic lesions with uniformly increased level of 5hmC and decreased level of 5mC in genomic DNA. TET2 overexpression also promoted autophagy and downregulated inflammation factors, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, and interleukin-1. Consistently, TET2 knockdown with small hairpin RNA (shRNA) in ApoE-/- mice decreased 5hmC and increased 5mC levels in atherosclerotic lesions. Meanwhile, autophagy was inhibited and atherosclerotic lesions progressed with an unstable lesion phenotype characterized by large lipid core, macrophage accumulation, and upregulated inflammation factor expression. Experiments with the cultured endothelial cells revealed that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) inhibited endothelial cell autophagy. TET2 shRNA strengthened impaired autophagy and autophagic flux in the ox-LDL-treated endothelial cells. TET2 overexpression reversed these effects by decreasing the methylation level of the Beclin 1 promoter, which contributed to the downregulation of inflammation factors. Overall, we identified that TET2 was downregulated during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The downregulation of TET2 promotes the methylation of the Beclin 1 promoter, leading to endothelial cell autophagy, impaired autophagic flux, and inflammatory factor upregulation. Upregulation of TET2 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - A-Fang Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Rong-Qing Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- Department of Physiology & Institute of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Guo-Hua Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Han Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Dang-Heng Wei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Li TT, Li TH, Peng J, He B, Liu LS, Wei DH, Jiang ZS, Zheng XL, Tang ZH. TM6SF2: A novel target for plasma lipid regulation. Atherosclerosis 2018; 268:170-176. [PMID: 29232562 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Liu LS. [Retrospect of the work achieved by the third and fourth committee of Chinese Society of Cardiology]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2017; 45:644-646. [PMID: 28851175 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Peng J, Tang ZH, Ren Z, He B, Zeng Y, Liu LS, Wang Z, Wei DH, Zheng XL, Jiang ZS. TET2 Protects against oxLDL-Induced HUVEC Dysfunction by Upregulating the CSE/H 2S System. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:486. [PMID: 28798687 PMCID: PMC5526911 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation-2 (TET2) protein is a DNA demethylase that regulates gene expression through DNA demethylation and also plays important roles in various diseases including atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction represents an early key event in atherosclerotic disease. The cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a key endogenous system with protective effects on endothelial functions. In this study, we examined how TET2 regulates oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced dysfunction of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and determined the role of the CSE/H2S system. Treatment with oxLDL resulted in downregulation of both TET2 expression and CSE/H2S system in HUVECs. TET2 was found to have protective effects on oxLDL-induced HUVEC dysfunction, which was confirmed with TET2 overexpression plasmid or TET2 shRNA plasmid. Moreover, TET2 was found to upregulate the CSE/H2S system and inhibit NF-κB activation, leading to decreased expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and attenuated adhesion of THP-1 cells to oxLDL-activated HUVECs. The protective effect of TET2 was reduced by treatment with CSE siRNA. Further studies revealed that CSE promoter region contains a well-defined CpG island. We also showed that TET2 enhanced 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) level and promoted DNA demethylation of CSE gene promoter, leading to an increase in CSE expression. In conclusion, TET2 has protective effects on oxLDL-induced HUVEC dysfunction, likely through upregulating the CSE/H2S system by DNA demethylation of CSE gene promoter. TET2 may become a novel therapeutic target for endothelial dysfunction-associated vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Peng
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South ChinaHengyang, China
| | - Zhi-Han Tang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South ChinaHengyang, China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South ChinaHengyang, China
| | - Bei He
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South ChinaHengyang, China
| | - Yun Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South ChinaHengyang, China
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South ChinaHengyang, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South ChinaHengyang, China
| | - Dang-Heng Wei
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South ChinaHengyang, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Center, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, CalgaryAB, Canada
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South ChinaHengyang, China
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Tang ZH, Peng J, Ren Z, Yang J, Li TT, Li TH, Wang Z, Wei DH, Liu LS, Zheng XL, Jiang ZS. New role of PCSK9 in atherosclerotic inflammation promotion involving the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Atherosclerosis 2017; 262:113-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Liu LS, Bai XQ, Gao Y, Wu Q, Ren Z, Li Q, Pan LH, He NY, Peng J, Tang ZH. PCSK9 Promotes oxLDL-Induced PC12 Cell Apoptosis Through the Bcl-2/Bax-Caspase 9/3 Signaling Pathway. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 57:723-734. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-161136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Zhao XS, Wu Q, Peng J, Pan LH, Ren Z, Liu HT, Jiang ZS, Wang GX, Tang ZH, Liu LS. Hyperlipidemia-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in apoE(-/-) mice may be associated with increased PCSK9 expression. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:712-718. [PMID: 28000893 PMCID: PMC5364825 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a lipid regulatory gene involved in cell apoptosis. However, the function and mechanism of PCSK9 in neuronal apoptosis following hyperlipidemia remains to be elucidated. The present study established a hyperlipidemic mouse model by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) to 6-week-old apoE(−/−) mice. Plasma lipid levels, hippocampal lipid accumulation, hippocampal histology, and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis were all monitored for changes. The expression levels of PCSK9, β-secretase 1 (BACE1), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and caspase-3 in hippocampal CA3 and CA1 neurons were also measured. Results demonstrated that a HFD increased the lipid accumulation in the CA3 hippocampus and the levels of plasma lipids, including triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein. In addition, CA3 neurons in the HFD group indicated apparent injuries and increased neuronal apoptosis, which are associated with the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3. A HFD also increased the expression levels of PCSK9 and BACE1. BACE1 promotes cleavage of amyloid precursor proteins to generate β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), which induces neuronal apoptosis. Protein levels of Aβ are associated with the observation of amyloid plaques in the hippocampus of the HFD group. The results suggest that hyperlipidemia regulates neuronal apoptosis by increasing PCSK9 and BACE1 expression. Overall, the current study may elucidate the role of lipid metabolism disorder in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Shan Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Juan Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hong Pan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ting Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Xue Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Han Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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Li MH, Liu Y, Liu LS, Li PX, Chen Q. [Differential diagnostic value of real-time tissue elastography and three dimensional ultrasound imaging in breast lumps]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2016; 96:1515-8. [PMID: 27266498 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2016.19.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the real-time tissue elastography and 3D contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) in breast lumps differential diagnostic value. METHODS A total of 126 patients (180 lumps) with breast mass were retrospectively analyzed from December 2012 to December 2014 in Tumor Hospital Affiliated To Xinjiang Medical University.All patients were divided into three groups by using stratified random method.Each group was detected by real-time tissue elastography, 3D CEUS and two joint inspection.Each group of 42 cases (60 lumps) was confirmed by the pathological results as gold standard.Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and coincidence rate of different methods were compared. RESULTS The benign masses of ultrasound contrast showed the punctate, linear and nodular enhancement, and the border of enhancement was smooth.The malignant tumors were mainly dominated by uneven and high enhancement. There was no statistical difference in sensitivity, specificity and coincidence rate between elastography group and 3D CEUS group (64.7% vs 73.5%, 69.2% vs 76.9%, 66.7% vs 75.0%, all P>0.05). The sensitivity, specificity and coincidence rate of two joint inspection group were higher than those of elastography group and 3D CEUS group, the differences were statistically significant (97.1%, 92.3% and 98.3% , all P<0.05). CONCLUSION 3D CEUS combined with real-time tissue elastography is of high value in the diagnosis of breast masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumchi 830011, China
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Wang Q, Dong B, Firrman J, Wu W, Roberts S, Moore AR, Liu LS, Chin MPS, Diao Y, Kost J, Xiao W. Evaluation of the biological differences of canine and human factor VIII in gene delivery: implications in human hemophilia treatment. Gene Ther 2016; 23:597-605. [PMID: 27064790 PMCID: PMC4936945 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The canine is the most important large animal model for testing novel hemophilia A (HA) treatment. It is often necessary to use canine factor VIII (cFIII) gene or protein for the evaluation of HA treatment in the canine model. However, different biological properties between cFVIII and human FVIII (hFVIII) indicated that the development of novel HA treatment may require careful characterization of non-human FVIII. To investigate whether the data obtained using cFVIII can translate to HA treatment in human, we analyzed the differential biological properties of canine heavy chain (cHC) and light chain (cLC) by comparing with human heavy chain (hHC) and light chain (hLC). The secretion of cHC was 5-30-fold higher than hHC, with or without light chains (LCs). cHC+hLC group exhibited ~18-fold increase in coagulation activity compared with hHC+hLC delivery by recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors. Unlike hHC, the secretion of cHC was independent of LCs. cLC improves the specific activity of FVIII by two- to threefold compared with hLC. Moreover, the cLC, but not cHC, contributes to the higher stability of cFVIII. Our results suggested that the cFVIII expression results in the canine model should be interpreted with caution as the cHC secreted more efficiently than hHC and cLC exhibited a more active and stable phenotype than hLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.,Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - B Dong
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Firrman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,United States Department of Agriculture, ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
| | - W Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - S Roberts
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A R Moore
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L S Liu
- United States Department of Agriculture, ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
| | - M P S Chin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Y Diao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - J Kost
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - W Xiao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.,Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Yue Y, Cheng X, Zhao SG, Liu Z, Liu LS, Zhou R, Wu JP, Brown MA. Effects of tail docking on the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr7323. [PMID: 27050972 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15017323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) expression in Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep (with and without docked tails), 18 rams were randomly divided into two equal groups (docked group, LT; control group, LC). These data were also used to increase the understanding of sheep fat deposition and metabolism. All animals were harvested at the age of 18 months, and expression was determined for 10 tissues. The results indicated that the fat weight of each tissue in LT was higher than in LC (P < 0.05). SCD expression in semitendinosus, omentum majus fat (OF), subcutaneous fat, kidney fat (KF), and subcutaneous rump fat was higher in LT than in LC rams (P < 0.05). Trends (P < 0.10) associated with higher HSL expression of LC in comparison to that of LT rams in intestinal fat, OF, and KF tissues were detected. Numerically, LPL expression was the highest in KF, OF, and kidney tissues, but there were few differences (P > 0.10). PPARγexpression was greater in LT than in LC rams in liver tissues (P < 0.05), but there were few differences in other tissues. No significant differences were found with regard to the regression analysis of expression and adipose tissue weights, but the two indices exhibited the same trend. The results indicated that changes in fatty deposits may be due to the common control of docking management and the minor effects associated with the regulation of SCD, HSL, LPL, and PPARγexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - X Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - S G Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Z Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - L S Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - R Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - J P Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - M A Brown
- B&B Research & Development, LLC, El Reno, OK, USA
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Wei R, Liu LS, Wang LW, Li YB, Zhang T, Liu J, Zuo SW, Jia SH, Song YX, Wu ZY, Duan C, Ge YY, Li HB, Xiong J, Jia X, Wang X, Kong W, Xu XP, Guo W, Huo Y. Association of Resting Heart Rate with Infrarenal Aortic Diameter: A Cross Sectional Study in Chinese Hypertensive Adults. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2015; 50:714-21. [PMID: 26474738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elevated resting heart rate (RHR) has been shown to be a risk marker for cardiovascular disease. Results from studies on the effects of RHR in large arteries are limited to the functional changes of those arteries, while the association between RHR and aortic diameter remains largely understudied. METHODS This was a cross sectional study of hypertensive Chinese adults from rural areas. The maximum infrarenal aortic diameter (maxIAD) from renal arteries to the iliac bifurcation was obtained by ultrasound. MaxIADs in different RHR groups were compared in males and females separately because of the significant differences between sexes. Multiple regression analysis was used to determinate the correlation between RHR and maxIAD. Further interactions between three factors (BMI, smoking, and anti-hypertensive regimens) and RHR for maxIAD were examined using subgroup analysis. RESULTS 19,200 subjects were enrolled in the study, with an average age of 64.8±7.4 years and 61.6% females. Only 22 cases (0.11%) were detected with AAA, with males (n = 17) presenting a higher AAA incidence than females (n = 5). In subjects ≥65 years, there were 18 (0.19%) AAA, and 15 (83.3%) had a history of smoking. In the total subjects, the mean maxIAD ranged from 15.7±2.1 mm to 15.2±2.2 mm as RHR changed from the lowest quartile to the highest (≥84 bpm) in males, with a similar tendency observed in females. The correlation coefficient of RHR on maxIAD was -0.17 in males and -0.12 in females. Further subgroup analysis revealed that smoking exaggerated the correlation between RHR and maxIAD, but only in females. CONCLUSIONS A low AAA incidence was observed in this hypertensive Chinese population. There was a negative association between RHR and maxIAD, potentially exaggerated by smoking, especially in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wei
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - L S Liu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - L W Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Y B Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - T Zhang
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - S W Zuo
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - S H Jia
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y X Song
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Y Wu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - C Duan
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Y Ge
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - H B Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - J Xiong
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - X Jia
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - W Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - X P Xu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - W Guo
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Y Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Qu SL, Tang ZH, Ren Z, Liu MH, Luo XY, Liu LS, Gui Y, Zheng XL, Jiang ZS. Hydrogen sulfide prevents doxorubicin-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes through activation of AMPK. Nitric Oxide 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.02.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yu H, Qi LT, Liu LS, Wang XY, Zhang Y, Huo Y, Luan QX. Association of Carotid Intima-media Thickness and Atherosclerotic Plaque with Periodontal Status. J Dent Res 2014; 93:744-51. [PMID: 24935064 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514538973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested an association between clinical/subclinical atherosclerosis and periodontal status. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association among maximal carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), atherosclerotic plaque, and periodontal status in Chinese elderly patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted of 847 participants (age, 70.64 ± 9.03 yr) with ≥10 teeth. A questionnaire survey, routine biochemical tests, a periodontal examination, and maximal cIMT measurement were performed for each. Traditional risk factors for atherogenesis were considered in the statistical analysis. Mean plaque index, which reflects oral hygiene, was correlated with maximal cIMT and atherosclerotic plaque in the study sample overall (β = 0.068, p < .001; OR = 2.051, p < .001) and in euglycemic participants (β = 0.066, p = .008; odds ratio = 2.122, p = .009). In hyperglycemic participants, multiple linear regression analysis (p = .006) and multivariate logistic regression analysis (p = .025) revealed a linear and dose-dependent association between mean clinical attachment loss and maximal cIMT after adjustment for traditional risk factors. Each 1-mm increase in mean clinical attachment loss corresponded to a 0.018-mm increase in maximal cIMT. The risk of atherosclerotic plaque increased by 18.3% with each 1-mm increase in mean clinical attachment loss. Other indicators of periodontal exposure, including percentage of sites with attachment loss ≥ 3 to 5 mm (3%-5%), were also correlated with cIMT and atherosclerotic plaque in hyperglycemic patients. In this elderly population, a linear and dose-dependent association among mean clinical attachment loss, attachment loss 3% to 5%, maximal cIMT, and atherosclerotic plaque was verified in those with hyperglycemia. Poor oral hygiene was correlated with maximal cIMT and atherosclerotic plaque in all participants, including those with normal blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yu
- Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, Beijing, China
| | - L T Qi
- Peking University First Hospital, Cardiology Department, Beijing, China
| | - L S Liu
- Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Laboratory of Human Genetics, Beijing, China
| | - X Y Wang
- Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Laboratory of Human Genetics, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, Beijing, China
| | - Y Huo
- Peking University First Hospital, Cardiology Department, Beijing, China
| | - Q X Luan
- Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, Beijing, China
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Wu Q, Tang ZH, Peng J, Liao L, Pan LH, Wu CY, Jiang ZS, Wang GX, Liu LS. The dual behavior of PCSK9 in the regulation of apoptosis is crucial in Alzheimer's disease progression (Review). Biomed Rep 2013; 2:167-171. [PMID: 24649090 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal apoptosis is crucial in neurodegenerative diseases. However, a lower apoptotic rate of nerve cells is detected in the brain compared to that in other organs in neurodegenerative patients or in animal models, suggesting that neuronal apoptosis induced by any type of risk factors is intricately regulated. Human and animal studies demonstrated that a high concentration of oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) in the brain, which is associated with hyperlipidemia, is one of the key apoptosis inducers in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanism underlying the ox-LDL-mediated regulation of neuronal apoptosis has not been fully elucidated. Recently, we investigated proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a striking gene involved in lipid metabolism that exhibits a positive correlation with macrophage and endothelial cell apoptosis induced by ox-LDL. Moreover, PCSK9 may degrade β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), the key enzyme cleaving amyloid precursor protein (APP) to generate amyloid β peptide (Aβ). Aβ is another key apoptosis inducer in neurodegenerative diseases. Our findings indicated that PCSK9 may be upregulated by the high levels of ox-LDL in the brain associated with hyperlipidemia and promote neuronal apoptosis through the NF-κB-B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bax-caspase 9-caspase 3 signaling pathways. Moreover, increased PCSK9 levels may inhibit the APP/Aβ metabolic pathway and reduce Aβ generation by degrading BACE1, thereby decreasing Aβ-induced neuronal apoptosis. The dual regulation mechanism of PCSK9 on apoptosis maintains neuronal apoptosis induced by risk factors at low levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Han Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China ; Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Juan Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ling Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hong Pan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yan Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Xue Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China ; Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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Suo R, Zhao ZZ, Tang ZH, Ren Z, Liu X, Liu LS, Wang Z, Tang CK, Wei DH, Jiang ZS. Hydrogen sulfide prevents H₂O₂-induced senescence in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through SIRT1 activation. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:1865-70. [PMID: 23588928 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the attenuation of endothelial cell senescence by H2S and to explore the mechanisms underlying the anti-aging effects of H2S. Senescence was induced in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by incubation in 25 µmol/l H2O2 for 1 h. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity was examined to determine the effects of H2S on senescent HUVECs. The results indicated that SA-β-gal activity in the H2O2-treated HUVECs was 11.2 ± 1.06%, which was attenuated in the NaHS group. Pretreatment with nicotinamide (NAM), a sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) inhibitor, inhibited the reduction in senescence associated with H2S. Immunoblot analyses revealed that SIRT1 levels in senescent HUVECs treated with NaHS (60 µM) were indistinguishable from controls; however, analyses of SIRT1 activity indicated that SIRT1 enzyme activity was enhanced. In addition, we found that H2S improves the function of senescent HUVECs. The present study demonstrated that H2S protects against HUVEC senescence, potentially through modulation of SIRT1 activity. Furthermore, this study establishes a novel endothelial protective effect of H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Suo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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Liu MH, Tang ZH, Li GH, Qu SL, Zhang Y, Ren Z, Liu LS, Jiang ZS. Janus-like role of fibroblast growth factor 2 in arteriosclerotic coronary artery disease: atherogenesis and angiogenesis. Atherosclerosis 2013; 229:10-7. [PMID: 23578358 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenic stimulation is a promising new strategy for treating patients with arteriosclerotic coronary artery disease. This strategy aims to ameliorate cardiac function by improving myocardial perfusion and lowering the risk of myocardial infarction. However, angiogenesis may contribute to the growth of atherosclerotic lesions. Atherogenesis is also a potential side effect of angiogenic therapy. Early clinical trials were performed using fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) protein, which enhances the formation of new collateral vessels to reduce ischaemic symptoms. Conversely, angiogenic stimulation by FGF2 is a dilemma because it could cause negative angiogenic effects, such as atherosclerosis. Thus far, clinical trials in patients with recombinant FGF2 protein therapy have not yet yielded undisputable beneficial effects. Future trials should determine whether an improvement can be obtained in patients with coronary artery disease using a combination of FGF2 and other growth factors or a combination of the FGF2 gene and stem cell therapy. This review summarises the multiple roles of FGF2 in the progression of atherosclerosis, its effect on pro-angiogenesis and improvement of cardiac function in coronary artery disease, and the potentially unfavourable effect of angiogenesis on the prevention and treatment of atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hua Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
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Wei DH, Jia XY, Liu YH, Guo FX, Tang ZH, Li XH, Wang Z, Liu LS, Wang GX, Jian ZS, Ruan CG. Cathepsin L stimulates autophagy and inhibits apoptosis of ox-LDL-induced endothelial cells: potential role in atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Med 2012; 31:400-6. [PMID: 23229094 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of endothelial cells by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) with subsequent increases in endothelial permeability occurs in the early stage of atherosclerosis. Cathepsin L (CATL) is one of the cysteine proteases and has been implicated in advanced atherosclerotic lesions and plaque instability. This study aimed to explore the role of CATL in ox-LDL-induced early atherosclerotic events and to delineate the underlying mechanism. Results showed that ox-LDL upregulated CATL protein levels and activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs) in a concentration-dependent manner and stimulated EC autophagy and apoptosis and increased EC monolayer permeability. Concomitantly, VE-cadherin expression was decreased. When ECs were pretreated with a CATL inhibitor, ox-LDL-induced autophagy was inhibited while apoptosis was further increased. In addition, the VE-cadherin protein level was increased, and the EC monolayer permeability was reduced. Taken together, the present study showed that the upregulated expression and activation of CATL induced by ox-LDL, increased EC autophagy and antagonized EC apoptosis, which partly neutralized the effect of increased EC monolayer permeability mediated by the downregulation of VE-cadherin. Thus, the proatherogenic effect of CATL was partly neutralized by inducing autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis in early stages of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang-Heng Wei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, P.R. China.
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Huang YE, Tang ZH, Xie W, Shen XT, Liu MH, Peng XP, Zhao ZZ, Nie DEB, Liu LS, Jiang ZS. Endogenous hydrogen sulfide mediates the cardioprotection induced by ischemic postconditioning in the early reperfusion phase. Exp Ther Med 2012; 4:1117-1123. [PMID: 23226785 PMCID: PMC3494106 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), produced by cystanthionine-γ-lysase (CSE) in the cardiovascular system, has been suggested to be the third gasotransmitter in addition to nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). The present study aimed to investigate the role of H2S in ischemic postconditioning (IPO) during the early period of reperfusion. IPO with 6 episodes of 10 sec reperfusion followed by 6 episodes of 10 sec ischemia (IPO 2’) was administered when reperfusion was initiated. Cardiodynamics and the concentration of H2S were measured at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min of reperfusion. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and infarct size were determined at the end of the reperfusion. The concentration of H2S was stable during the whole experiment in the control group, whereas it reached a peak at the first minute of reperfusion in the ischemia-reperfusion (IR) group. The concentration of H2S at the first minute of reperfusion in the IPO 2’ group was higher compared to that of the IR group, which correlated with cardioprotection including improved heart contractile function and reduced infarct size and LDH levels. However, the above effects of IPO 2’ were attenuated by pre-treatment with blockade of endogenous H2S production with DL-propargylglycine for 20 min prior to global ischemia. Furthermore, we found that other forms of IPO, IPO commencing at 1 min after reperfusion (delayed IPO) or lasting only for 1 min (IPO 1’), failed to increase the concentration of H2S and protect the myocardium. We conclude that the peak of endogenous H2S in the early reperfusion phase is the key to cardioprotection induced by IPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-E Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001; ; Huaihua Medical College, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, P.R. China
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Huang K, Li SQ, Wang WJ, Liu LS, Jiang YG, Feng PN, Wang YQ, Wang SM. Oral FTY720 administration induces immune tolerance and inhibits early development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2012; 25:397-406. [PMID: 22697071 DOI: 10.1177/039463201202500209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orally administered immunomodulatory drugs have recently demonstrated the ability to induce an oral tolerance via inhibition of effector T cells and induction of certain subsets of regulatory T cells (Tregs) which have the potential to prevent several autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we hypothesized that short-term, low-dose, oral FTY720 administration may induce latency-associated peptide (LAP) Tregs and CD4(+) Foxp3(+) Tregs in atherogenesis, potentially resulting in remission of early development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (APOE(-/-)) mice. FTY720 was orally administered to APOE(-/-) mice 4 weeks of age on a high-cholesterol diet and atherosclerosis was assessed at 8 weeks of age. Oral administration of FTY720 significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion formation compared with control mice. We observed a significant increase in LAP(+) and Foxp3(+) cells in the CD4+T-cell population of FTY720-treated mice in association with increased production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as well as suppressed T-helper type 1 immune responses. Our findings reveal that short-term, low-dose oral FTY720 treatment had great benefits in inhibiting early development of atherosclerosis in mice via induction of a regulatory T-cell response and inhibition of effector T responses. These findings suggest that oral immune modulation may represent an attractive therapeutic approach to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Huang
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Wu CY, Tang ZH, Jiang L, Li XF, Jiang ZS, Liu LS. PCSK9 siRNA inhibits HUVEC apoptosis induced by ox-LDL via Bcl/Bax-caspase9-caspase3 pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 359:347-58. [PMID: 21847580 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigated the effects of ox-LDL on PCSK9, and the molecular mechanisms of PCSK9 siRNA-inhibited apoptosis induced by ox-LDL in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), to clarify the role of PCSK9 in atherosclerogenesis. HUVECs were incubated with ox-LDL for 24 h. The apoptosis was observed by Hoechst 33258 staining. The expression of PCSK9, LOX-1 mRNAs and proteins was detected by RT-PCR, western blot, respectively. The PCSK9 siRNAs labeled with fluorescence were transfected into HUVECs by Lipofectamine 2000. After transfection for 24 h, cells were treated with ox-LDL for 24 h, HUVECs apoptosis transfected siRNA was detected by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometer. The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase3, 8, 9 was detected by western blot. The activity of caspase3, 9 was detected by kits. Our results showed that apoptosis of HUVECs and the expressions of PCSK9 and LOX-1 were upregulated secondary to induction by ox-LDL in a concentration-dependent manner. However, ox-LDL-induced HUVEC apoptosis and PCSK9 expression, but not LOX-1 expression, were significantly reduced by PCSK9 siRNA. These results demonstrate a linkage between HUVEC apoptosis and PCSK9 expression. Furthermore, we detected the possible pathway involved in apoptotic regulation by PCSK9 siRNA; our results showed that the expression of Bcl-2 decreased, whereas that of Bax increased. In addition, ox-LDL enhanced the activity of caspase9 and then caspase3. Pretreatment of HUVECs with PCSK9 siRNA blocked these effects of ox-LDL. These findings suggest that ox-LDL-induced HUVECs apoptosis could be inhibited by PCSK9 siRNA, in which Bcl/Bax-caspase9-caspase3 pathway maybe was involved through reducing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and inhibited the activation of both caspase9 and 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important modulator of pain but its role in visceral pain syndromes is just beginning to be studied. Our aims were to investigate the effect and mechanism of action of the GABA(B) receptor agonist, baclofen, on gastric hypersensitivity in a validated rat model of functional dyspepsia (FD). METHODS 10-day-old male rats received 0.2 mL of 0.1% iodoacetamide in 2% sucrose daily by oral gavages for 6 days. Control group received 2% sucrose. At 8-10 weeks rats treated with baclofen (0.3, 1, and 3 mg kg(-1) bw) or saline were tested for behavioral and electromyographic (EMG) visceromotor responses; gastric spinal afferent nerve activity to graded gastric distention and Fos protein expression in dorsal horn of spinal cord segments T8-T10 to noxious gastric distention. KEY RESULTS Baclofen administration was associated with a significant attenuation of the behavioral and EMG responses (at 1 and 3 mg kg(-1)) and expression of Fos in T8 and T9 segments in neonatal iodoacetamide sensitized rats. However, baclofen administration did not significantly affect splanchnic nerve activity to gastric distention. Baclofen (3 mg kg(-1)) also significantly reduced the expression of spinal Fos in response to gastric distention in control rats to a lesser extent than sensitized rats. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Baclofen is effective in attenuating pain associated responses in an experimental model of FD and appears to act by central mechanisms. These results provide a basis for clinical trials of this drug in FD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5187, USA
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50
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Abstract
Genes specifically induced during somatic embryogenesis may play key roles in plant embryo development. An antiserum against an extract of carrot somatic embryos revealed a few rare antigens induced at the onset of embryogenesis. Through differential immunoadsorption techniques, we purified antibodies against the embryo-specific antigens and probed a phage lambda gt11 library of cDNA from carrot somatic embryos. This paper describes three distinct cDNA clones that hybridize to embryo-specific RNAs. Monospecific antibodies, purified by affinity to the recombinant phage fusion proteins, confirm that the cloned cDNAs encode unique embryo-specific peptide antigens. One 50-kDa protein correlates with embryogenic ability in cultures of other plant species, including cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Choi
- Department of Genetics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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