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Yang Y, Chen W, Lin Z, Wu Y, Li Y, Xia X. Panax notoginseng saponins prevent dementia and oxidative stress in brains of SAMP8 mice by enhancing mitophagy. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:144. [PMID: 38575939 PMCID: PMC10993618 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the distinctive features of neurons in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Intraneuronal autophagosomes selectively phagocytose and degrade the damaged mitochondria, mitigating neuronal damage in AD. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) can effectively reduce oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in the brain of animals with AD, but their exact mechanism of action is unknown. METHODS Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice with age-related AD were treated with PNS for 8 weeks. The effects of PNS on learning and memory abilities, cerebral oxidative stress status, and hippocampus ultrastructure of mice were observed. Moreover, changes of the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-Parkin, which regulates ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy, and the recruit of downstream autophagy receptors were investigated. RESULTS PNS attenuated cognitive dysfunction in SAMP8 mice in the Morris water maze test. PNS also enhanced glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, and increased glutathione levels by 25.92% and 45.55% while inhibiting 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine by 27.74% and the malondialdehyde production by 34.02% in the brains of SAMP8 mice. Our observation revealed the promotion of mitophagy, which was accompanied by an increase in microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) mRNA and 70.00% increase of LC3-II/I protein ratio in the brain tissues of PNS-treated mice. PNS treatment increased Parkin mRNA and protein expression by 62.80% and 43.80%, while increasing the mRNA transcription and protein expression of mitophagic receptors such as optineurin, and nuclear dot protein 52. CONCLUSION PNS enhanced the PINK1/Parkin pathway and facilitated mitophagy in the hippocampus, thereby preventing cerebral oxidative stress in SAMP8 mice. This may be a mechanism contributing to the cognition-improvement effect of PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Wenya Chen
- Key Laboratory of TCM Neuro-metabolism and Immunopharmacology of Guangxi Education Department, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Zhenmei Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Yijing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Xing Xia
- Key Laboratory of TCM Neuro-metabolism and Immunopharmacology of Guangxi Education Department, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
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Liang H, Ma Z, Zhong W, Liu J, Sugimoto K, Chen H. Regulation of mitophagy and mitochondrial function: Natural compounds as potential therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1838-1862. [PMID: 38356178 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage is associated with the development of Parkinson's disease (PD), indicating that mitochondrial-targeted treatments could hold promise as disease-modifying approaches for PD. Notably, natural compounds have demonstrated the ability to modulate mitochondrial-related processes. In this review article, we discussed the possible neuroprotective mechanisms of natural compounds against PD in modulating mitophagy and mitochondrial function. A comprehensive literature search on natural compounds related to the treatment of PD by regulating mitophagy and mitochondrial function was conducted from PubMed, Web of Science and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from their inception until April 2023. We summarize recent advancements in mitophagy's molecular mechanisms, including upstream and downstream processes, and its relationship with PD-related genes or proteins. Importantly, we highlight how natural compounds can therapeutically regulate various mitochondrial processes through multiple targets and pathways to alleviate oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, Lewy's body aggregation and apoptosis, which are key contributors to PD pathogenesis. Unlike the single-target strategy of modern medicine, natural compounds provide neuroprotection against PD by modulating various mitochondrial-related processes, including ameliorating mitophagy by targeting the PINK1/parkin pathway, the NIX/BNIP3 pathway, and autophagosome formation (i.e., LC3 and p62). Given the prevalence of mitochondrial damage in various neurodegenerative diseases, exploring the exact mechanism of natural compounds on mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction could shed light on the development of highly effective disease-modifying or adjuvant therapies targeting PD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- Department of Acupuncture, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenwang Ma
- Department of Acupuncture, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kazuo Sugimoto
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Acupuncture, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Department of TCM Geriatric, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Xie Y, Wang C. Herb-drug interactions between Panax notoginseng or its biologically active compounds and therapeutic drugs: A comprehensive pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 307:116156. [PMID: 36754189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Herbs, along with the use of herb-drug interactions (HDIs) to combat diseases, are increasing in popularity worldwide. HDIs have two effects: favorable interactions that tend to improve therapeutic outcomes and/or minimize the toxic effects of drugs, and unfavorable interactions aggravating the condition of patients. Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen is a medicinal plant that has long been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine to reduce swelling, relieve pain, clear blood stasis, and stop bleeding. Numerous studies have demonstrated the existence of intricate pharmacodynamic (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between P. notoginseng and conventional drugs. However, these HDIs have not been systematically summarized. AIM OF THE REVIEW To collect the available literature on the combined applications of P. notoginseng and drugs published from 2005 to 2022 and summarize the molecular mechanisms of interactions to circumvent the potential risks of combination therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This work was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CNKI databases. The search terms included "notoginseng", "Sanqi", "drug interaction," "synergy/synergistic", "combination/combine", "enzyme", "CYP", and "transporter". RESULTS P. notoginseng and its bioactive ingredients interact synergistically with numerous drugs, including anticancer, antiplatelet, and antimicrobial agents, to surmount drug resistance and side effects. This review elaborates on the molecular mechanisms of the PD processed involved. P. notoginseng shapes the PK processes of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of other drugs by regulating metabolic enzymes and transporters, mainly cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-glycoprotein. This effect is a red flag for drugs with a narrow therapeutic window. Notably, amphipathic saponins in P. notoginseng act as auxiliary materials in drug delivery systems to enhance drug solubility and absorption and represent a new entry point for studying interactions. CONCLUSION This article provides a comprehensive overview of HDIs by analyzing the results of the in vivo and in vitro studies on P. notoginseng and its bioactive components. The knowledge presented here offers a scientific guideline for investigating the clinical importance of combination therapies. Physicians and patients need information on possible interactions between P. notoginseng and other drugs, and this review can help them make scientific predictions regarding the consequences of combination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Li J, Lin Q, Shao X, Li S, Zhu X, Wu J, Mou S, Gu L, Wang Q, Zhang M, Zhang K, Lu J, Ni Z. HIF1α-BNIP3-mediated mitophagy protects against renal fibrosis by decreasing ROS and inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:200. [PMID: 36928344 PMCID: PMC10020151 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease affects approximately 14.3% of people worldwide. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the final stage of almost all progressive CKD. To date, the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis remains unclear, and there is a lack of effective treatments, leading to renal replacement therapy. Mitophagy is a type of selective autophagy that has been recognized as an important way to remove dysfunctional mitochondria and abrogate the excessive accumulation of mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) to balance the function of cells. However, the role of mitophagy and its regulation in renal fibrosis need further examination. In this study, we showed that mitophagy was induced in renal tubular epithelial cells in renal fibrosis. After silencing BNIP3, mitophagy was abolished in vivo and in vitro, indicating the important effect of the BNIP3-dependent pathway on mitophagy. Furthermore, in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) models and hypoxic conditions, the production of mitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial damage, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the levels of αSMA and TGFβ1 increased significantly following BNIP3 gene deletion or silencing. Following silencing BNIP3 and pretreatment with mitoTEMPO or MCC950, the protein levels of αSMA and TGFβ1 decreased significantly in HK-2 cells under hypoxic conditions. These findings demonstrated that HIF1α-BNIP3-mediated mitophagy played a protective role against hypoxia-induced renal epithelial cell injury and renal fibrosis by reducing mitochondrial ROS and inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qisheng Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xinghua Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xuying Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jingkui Wu
- Shuguang Hospital Affilliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201200, China
| | - Shan Mou
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Leyi Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Minfang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Kaiqi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jiayue Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Huang J, Liang Y, Zhou L. Natural products for kidney disease treatment: Focus on targeting mitochondrial dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1142001. [PMID: 37007023 PMCID: PMC10050361 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1142001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The patients with kidney diseases are increasing rapidly all over the world. With the rich abundance of mitochondria, kidney is an organ with a high consumption of energy. Hence, renal failure is highly correlated with the breakup of mitochondrial homeostasis. However, the potential drugs targeting mitochondrial dysfunction are still in mystery. The natural products have the superiorities to explore the potential drugs regulating energy metabolism. However, their roles in targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney diseases have not been extensively reviewed. Herein, we reviewed a series of natural products targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and mitochondrial dynamics. We found lots of them with great medicinal values in kidney disease. Our review provides a wide prospect for seeking the effective drugs targeting kidney diseases.
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Alassaf N, Attia H. Autophagy and necroptosis in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury: Recent advances regarding their role and therapeutic potential. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1103062. [PMID: 36794281 PMCID: PMC9922871 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1103062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) is a broad-spectrum antineoplastic agent, used to treat many different types of malignancies due to its high efficacy and low cost. However, its use is largely limited by acute kidney injury (AKI), which, if left untreated, may progress to cause irreversible chronic renal dysfunction. Despite substantial research, the exact mechanisms of CP-induced AKI are still so far unclear and effective therapies are lacking and desperately needed. In recent years, necroptosis, a novel subtype of regulated necrosis, and autophagy, a form of homeostatic housekeeping mechanism have witnessed a burgeoning interest owing to their potential to regulate and alleviate CP-induced AKI. In this review, we elucidate in detail the molecular mechanisms and potential roles of both autophagy and necroptosis in CP-induced AKI. We also explore the potential of targeting these pathways to overcome CP-induced AKI according to recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Alassaf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Noha Alassaf,
| | - Hala Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Xie J, Ma X, Zheng Y, Mao N, Ren S, Fan J. Panax notoginseng saponins alleviate damage to the intestinal barrier and regulate levels of intestinal microbes in a rat model of chronic kidney disease. Ren Fail 2022; 44:1948-1960. [PMID: 36354128 PMCID: PMC9662016 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2143378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition characterized by poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are the main active ingredient of the traditional Chinese herb Panaxnotoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen, which has been widely reported to have various pharmacological effects. Here, we examined the effect of PNS on renal function and the modulation of intestinal flora and intestinal barrier in a rat model of adenine-induced CKD. Methods Adenine was used to establish a rat model of CKD, biochemical testing, histopathologic examination, ELISA, immunohistochemical assay, western blot assay, and fecal microbiota 16s rRNA analysis was used to test the effect of PNS on CKD rats. Results Adenine induced a significant decrease in glomerular filtration rate, an increase in urinary protein excretion rate, and pathological damage to renal tissue in CKD rats. TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-18, TMAO, and endotoxin levels were increased in the blood of the model rats. Application of PNS countered the effects of adenine, restoring the above parameters to the level observed in healthy rats. In addition, activation of the inflammatory proteins NF-κB (p65) and NLRP3 and the fibrosis-associated proteins α-SMA and smad3 were inhibited in the kidneys of CKD rats. Furthermore, PNS promoted the expression of the tight junction proteins Occludin and ZO-1, increased SIgA levels, strengthened intestinal immunity, reduced mechanical damage to the intestine, was reduced levels of DAO and D-LA. Our data suggest PNS may delay CKD by restoring gut microbiota, and through the subsequent generation of a microbial barrier and modulation of microbiota metabolites. Conclusions In conclusion, PNS may inhibit the development of inflammation and fibrosis in the kidney tissue through regulation of intestinal microorganisms and inhibition of the activation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic proteins in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
- Department of Nephrology No.1, the Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yixuan Zheng
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
- Department of Nephrology No.1, the Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Nan Mao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Sichong Ren
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Junming Fan
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
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Analysis of the Renal Protection and Antioxidative Stress Effects of Panax notoginseng Saponins in Diabetic Nephropathy Mice. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:3610935. [PMID: 36249425 PMCID: PMC9556179 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3610935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a diabetes-induced chronic complication, is the major trigger of end-stage renal disease. As the main active ingredient of Panax notoginseng (PNG), Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are crucial in treating renal diseases. This study is aimed at investigating the role played by PNS in renal protection and antioxidative stress (OS) in DN mice. Methods A DN mouse model was constructed, and then low, medium, and high doses of PNS were used to intervene the model group mice. Eight weeks after intervention, the 24 h urine protein (UPro) and urinary albumin (UAlb) were quantitatively examined, and the related blood biochemical indices were measured. HE and PAS staining were performed for pathological changes of renal tissue. ELISA and western blotting were carried out to quantify the levels of OS indexes and inflammatory factors (IFs) in mouse kidney tissues and the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), respectively. Results The weight of DN mice decreased first compared with control animals and then gradually increased after different doses of PNS treatment. Besides, DN mice presented elevated urine volume, UPro, and UAlb, all of which were reversed by PNS intervention. SOD activity and GSH content in renal tissues of the model group mice decreased markedly versus the control group, and MDA, CRP, IL-6, and TGF-β1 contents elevated statistically, while different doses of PNS effectively reduced the OS injury and IFs in mice. Compared with the model group, PNS dose-dependently increased Nrf2 and HO-1 levels in DN mice. Conclusions PNS is protective of HFF + STZ-induced DN mice against kidney tissue damage and can reduce the excretion of UPro and relieve the OS state of mice, possibly by activating Nrf2/HO-1 axis to play an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role.
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Dagar N, Kale A, Steiger S, Anders HJ, Gaikwad AB. Receptor-mediated mitophagy: An emerging therapeutic target in acute kidney injury. Mitochondrion 2022; 66:82-91. [PMID: 35985440 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a global health concern associated with high morbidity and mortality. AKI etiology is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction along with oxidative stress and inflammation. The defective mitochondria are removed via mitophagy for maintaining cellular integrity. The main regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy in response to different stressors are Phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin and receptor-mediated. Receptors like B-cell lymphoma 2/adenovirus E1B-interacting protein (BNIP3), BNIP3L, prohibitin2, tacrolimus (FK506)-binding protein8 (FKBP8), autophagy-beclin1-regulator1 (AMBRA1) and SMAD-ubiquitination regulatory factor1 (SMURF1), etc. participate in receptor-mediated mitophagy. In recent studies, receptor-mediated mitophagy showed protective effects in AKI. This review summarizes the evidence related to mitophagy in AKI and outlines the significance of receptor-mediated mitophagy modulation as a possible therapeutic approach in AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dagar
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Ajinath Kale
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Stefanie Steiger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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Jiang Y, Li H, Huang P, Li S, Li B, Huo L, Zhong J, Pan Z, Li Y, Xia X. Panax notoginseng saponins protect PC12 cells against Aβ induced injury via promoting parkin-mediated mitophagy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114859. [PMID: 34818573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine with a long history and is widely used in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are the main active ingredients in Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen, and its injection is used to treat nerve damage caused by cerebral ischemia and other conditions. PNS is thought to alleviate cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease; however, its mechanism of action is unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY We elucidated the role of PNS in attenuating cellular mitochondrial damage caused by amyloid β (Aβ) protein and in protecting cell viability from the perspective of regulating autophagy. By investigating the effects of PNS on the targets regulating mitophagy, we wanted to reveal the autophagy related mechanism by which PNS attenuated Aβ damage in neuronal cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of PNS on the mitochondrial membrane potential of Aβ-injured PC12 cells was detected using flow cytometry, which reflected the alleviating effect of PNS on mitochondrial damage. Using mRFP-GFP-LC3-transfected PC12 cells, the effect of PNS on cellular autophagy flux was observed using laser confocal microscopy. Formation of the intracellular autophagosome was observed using transmission electron microscopy, which reflected the activation of autophagy by PNS. The siPINK1 lentivirus was used to silence the PINK1 gene in PC12 cells to obtain siPINK1-PC12 cells. The effects of PNS on the expression of the PINK1 gene and on the autophagy-related proteins LC3II/Ⅰ, p62, PINK1, parkin, NDP52, and OPTN were observed to reveal the possible targets of PNS in regulating autophagy. RESULTS After PNS treatment, the viability of Aβ-injured PC12 cells improved and the mitochondrial membrane potential was restored. PNS treatment significantly enhanced the autophagy flux of damaged cells and increased the levels of LC3II/Ⅰ protein and decreased p62 protein, while significantly improving the structure and mitochondrial morphology of PC12 cells injured by Aβ. These changes led to more autophagosomes wrapping around the damaged mitochondria and promoting the depletion of OPTN, a mitophagy receptor. After silencing the PINK1 gene, PNS could not alter the PINK1 gene and protein levels, but could still increase LC3II/Ⅰ, decrease p62 and OPTN, and significantly increase the amount of parkin. CONCLUSIONS PNS could enhance the autophagic activity of cells, alleviate mitochondrial damage caused by Aβ injury, and protect the activity of PC12 cells. It is possible that enhanced autophagy was achieved by promoting the recruitment of parkin protein to the mitochondrial receptors in a non-PINK1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China
| | - Hemei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China
| | - Panling Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China
| | - Shanliang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China
| | - Bocun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China
| | - Lini Huo
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China
| | - Jing Zhong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China
| | - Ziyu Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China
| | - Yuqing Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China.
| | - Xing Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China; Key Laboratory of Guangxi Zhuang and Yao Medicine; Nanning 530200, PR China.
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Dasari S, Njiki S, Mbemi A, Yedjou CG, Tchounwou PB. Pharmacological Effects of Cisplatin Combination with Natural Products in Cancer Chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031532. [PMID: 35163459 PMCID: PMC8835907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin and other platinum-based drugs, such as carboplatin, ormaplatin, and oxaliplatin, have been widely used to treat a multitude of human cancers. However, a considerable proportion of patients often relapse due to drug resistance and/or toxicity to multiple organs including the liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and the cardiovascular, hematologic, and nervous systems. In this study, we sought to provide a comprehensive review of the current state of the science highlighting the use of cisplatin in cancer therapy, with a special emphasis on its molecular mechanisms of action, and treatment modalities including the combination therapy with natural products. Hence, we searched the literature using various scientific databases., such as MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, and relevant sources, to collect and review relevant publications on cisplatin, natural products, combination therapy, uses in cancer treatment, modes of action, and therapeutic strategies. Our search results revealed that new strategic approaches for cancer treatment, including the combination therapy of cisplatin and natural products, have been evaluated with some degree of success. Scientific evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrates that many medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds that are promising candidates for the treatment of human diseases, and therefore represent an excellent source for drug discovery. In preclinical studies, it has been demonstrated that natural products not only enhance the therapeutic activity of cisplatin but also attenuate its chemotherapy-induced toxicity. Many experimental studies have also reported that natural products exert their therapeutic action by triggering apoptosis through modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p53 signal transduction pathways and enhancement of cisplatin chemosensitivity. Furthermore, natural products protect against cisplatin-induced organ toxicity by modulating several gene transcription factors and inducing cell death through apoptosis and/or necrosis. In addition, formulations of cisplatin with polymeric, lipid, inorganic, and carbon-based nano-drug delivery systems have been found to delay drug release, prolong half-life, and reduce systemic toxicity while other formulations, such as nanocapsules, nanogels, and hydrogels, have been reported to enhance cell penetration, target cancer cells, and inhibit tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaloam Dasari
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH-RCMI Center for Health Disparities Research, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; (S.D.); (S.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Sylvianne Njiki
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH-RCMI Center for Health Disparities Research, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; (S.D.); (S.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Ariane Mbemi
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH-RCMI Center for Health Disparities Research, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; (S.D.); (S.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Clement G. Yedjou
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Paul B. Tchounwou
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH-RCMI Center for Health Disparities Research, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; (S.D.); (S.N.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-601-979-0777
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Exploring the Mechanism of Panax notoginseng Saponins against Alzheimer's Disease by Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2021:5730812. [PMID: 35003304 PMCID: PMC8739172 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5730812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) have been used for neurodegenerative disorders such as cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although increasing evidences show the neuron protective effects of PNS, the vital compounds and their functional targets remain elusive. To explore the potential functional ingredients of PNS for the AD treatment and their molecular mechanisms, an in vitro neuron injured model induced by Aβ was investigated, and the potential mechanism was predicted by network pharmacology approach and validated by molecular biology methods. Methods Network pharmacology approach was used to reveal the relationship between ingredient-target disease and function-pathway of PNS on the treatment of AD. The active ingredients of PNS were collected from TCMSP, PubChem database, and literature mining in PubMed database. DrugBank and GeneCards database were used to predict potential targets for AD. The STRING database was performed to reveal enrichment of these target proteins, protein-protein interactions, and related pathways. Networks were visualized by utilizing Cytoscape software. The enrichment analysis was performed by the DAVID database. Finally, neuroprotective effect and predictive mechanism of PNS were investigated in an in vitro AD model established by Aβ25–35-treated PC12 cells. Results An ingredient-target disease and function-pathway network demonstrated that 38 active ingredients were derived from PNS modulated 364 common targets shared by PNS and AD. GO and KEGG analysis, further clustering analysis, showed that mTOR signaling targets were associated with the neuroprotective effects of PNS. In Aβ-treated PC12 cells, PNS treatment improved neuroprotective effect, including mTOR inhibition and autophagy activation. Conclusions Collectively, the protective effects of PNS on AD-neuron injury are related to the inhibition of mTOR and autophagy activation.
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Li S, He X, Ruan L, Ye T, Wen Y, Song Z, Hu S, Chen Y, Peng B, Li S. Protective Effect of Mannitol on Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 11:804685. [PMID: 34976843 PMCID: PMC8716592 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.804685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic drug, is widely used for the treatment of various malignant tumors with good effects. However, cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is a major dose-limiting factor and a significant adverse event. Mannitol is used to reduce cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, which is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a hydration regimen containing mannitol against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity through a meta-analysis. METHODS Potential records from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials that met the inclusion criteria were included from inception to May 2021. Cochrane Collaboration tools were used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Jadad's and NOS scores were applied to assess the quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case-control studies. A random-effects model or fixed-effects model was used depending on the heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the potential study characteristics. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated. RESULTS Four RCTs and seven case-control studies involving 4168 patients were included. Pooled results showed that mannitol use could reduce the incidence of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (OR = 0.66, 95% CI [0.45-0.97], p = 0.03), especially reducing grade 3 nephrotoxicity events according to CTCAE 4.0 (OR = 0.37,95% CI [0.16-0.84]). Moreover, mannitol use was not significantly associated with creatinine clearance, serum creatine, and electrolyte disturbance (p > 0.05). Gastrointestinal cancer (OR = 0.36, 95% CI [0.15-0.83], p = 0.02) and urinary tract cancer (OR = 0.32,95% CI [0.14-0.73], p = 0.007) may be more sensitive to mannitol, although the test for overall effect was significantly different (OR = 0.66, 95% CI [0.49-0.89], p = 0.007). For patients with diabetes and hypertension, mannitol may worsen renal function (OR = 1.80, 95% CI [1.18-2.72], p = 0.006; OR = 2.19, 95% CI [1.50, 3.19], p < 0.0001, respectively). Mannitol may have a better protective effect when doses of mannitol were ≥ 25 g (OR = 0.58, 95% CI [0.39-0.88], p = 0.01) and doses of cisplatin < 75 mg/m2 (OR = 0.59, 95% CI [0.36-0.94], p = 0.03). It revealed that mannitol use was likely to cause nausea or vomiting (OR = 1.86, 95% CI [1.20-2.89], p = 0.006). CONCLUSION Current evidence revealed that mannitol was an effective and safe drug to reduce cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity events, especially Grade 3 events. However, it may cause more nausea/vomiting events and deteriorate renal function in patients with diabetes or hypertension. We also found that mannitol had the best effect when mannitol was ≥ 25 g in total or cisplatin was < 75 mg/m2. Meanwhile, mannitol may have a better effect on gastrointestinal and urinary tract cancers. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION crd. york. ac. uk/PROSPERO, CRD 42021253990.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Li
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Clinical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuyun He
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Linjie Ruan
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulong Wen
- Clinical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihua Song
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Siying Hu
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shijie Li
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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14
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Natural products: potential treatments for cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1951-1969. [PMID: 33750909 PMCID: PMC8633358 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00620-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a clinically advanced and highly effective anticancer drug used in the treatment of a wide variety of malignancies, such as head and neck, lung, testis, ovary, breast cancer, etc. However, it has only a limited use in clinical practice due to its severe adverse effects, particularly nephrotoxicity; 20%–35% of patients develop acute kidney injury (AKI) after cisplatin administration. The nephrotoxic effect of cisplatin is cumulative and dose dependent and often necessitates dose reduction or withdrawal. Recurrent episodes of AKI result in impaired renal tubular function and acute renal failure, chronic kidney disease, uremia, and hypertensive nephropathy. The pathophysiology of cisplatin-induced AKI involves proximal tubular injury, apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular injury in the kidneys. At present, there are no effective drugs or methods for cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies show that numerous natural products (flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, polysaccharide, phenylpropanoids, etc.) have specific antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties that regulate the pathways associated with cisplatin-induced kidney damage. In this review we describe the molecular mechanisms of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and summarize recent findings in the field of natural products that undermine these mechanisms to protect against cisplatin-induced kidney damage and provide potential strategies for AKI treatment.
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Hu X, Ma Z, Wen L, Li S, Dong Z. Autophagy in Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity during Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5618. [PMID: 34830772 PMCID: PMC8616020 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent but its clinical use is often limited by nephrotoxicity. Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that removes protein aggregates and damaged or dysfunctional cellular organelles for maintaining cell homeostasis. Upon cisplatin exposure, autophagy is rapidly activated in renal tubule cells to protect against acute cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Mechanistically, the protective effect is mainly related to the clearance of damaged mitochondria via mitophagy. The role and regulation of autophagy in chronic kidney problems after cisplatin treatment are currently unclear, despite the significance of research in this area. In cancers, autophagy may prevent tumorigenesis, but autophagy may reduce the efficacy of chemotherapy by protecting cancer cells. Future research should focus on developing drugs that enhance the anti-tumor effects of cisplatin while protecting kidneys during cisplatin chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (S.L.)
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Zhengwei Ma
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lu Wen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (S.L.)
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Siyao Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (S.L.)
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Zheng Dong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (S.L.)
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Li Q, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Huang S, Zou X, Wei C, Liang T, Zhong X. Panax notoginseng saponins reduces the cisplatin-induced acute renal injury by increasing HIF-1α/BNIP3 to inhibit mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111965. [PMID: 34385105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) may induce apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC) and cause CDDP-induced acute kidney injury (CAKI) during cancer treatment, but yet lack of preventive measures and effective treatment. As a new Chinese herbal preparation, Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) has been found to mitigate CDDP-induced CAKI through elevating the expression of HIF-1α in the rat model, according to the data from our previous works. However, the underlying link between HIF-1α and apoptosis has not been well elucidated. The current study as a follow-up work, was aimed to reveal if PNS improves CAKI through HIF-1α-dependent apoptosis. A stably HIF-1α-knockdown human proximal tubular epithelial cell (HK-2) line was established by transfecting a HIF-1α-siRNA into HK-2 cells. Cell viability, mitochondrial function, cell apoptosis ratio and the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins (Cyt C, Bcl2, Bax, caspases 3) were determined. In order to elucidate the underlying mechanism, the expression of HIF-1α and BNIP3 were assessed. Our results showed that treatment of PNS rescued the cell viability of CDDP-injured HK-2 or HIF-1α-knockdown HK-2 cells, and increased the expression levels of ATP and MMP in HK-2 or HIF-1α-knockdown HK-2 cells which were reduced by CDDP. Moreover, PNS treatment decreased the CDDP or CDDP plus HIF-1α-knockdown-induced elevation of apoptosis and apoptosis-associated protein expressions. These findings demonstrate that PNS reduces CAKI through increasing HIF-1α to inhibit mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Hence, we suggest PNS as a protective and therapeutic new drug for CDDP treatment of cancers, which might have significant meaning of further research and application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- Postgraduate, Pharmacy Department, the first affiliated hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yansong Zhang
- Postgraduate, Pharmacy Department, the first affiliated hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yufang Yang
- Pharmacy Department, the first affiliated hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Songqing Huang
- Postgraduate, Pharmacy Department, the first affiliated hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zou
- Pharmacy Department, the first affiliated hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Congying Wei
- Postgraduate, Pharmacy Department, the first affiliated hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Taolin Liang
- Postgraduate, Pharmacy Department, the first affiliated hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhong
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Liang T, Wei C, Lu S, Qin M, Qin G, Zhang Y, Zhong X, Zou X, Yang Y. Ginaton injection alleviates cisplatin-induced renal interstitial fibrosis in rats via inhibition of apoptosis through regulation of the p38MAPK/TGF-β1 and p38MAPK/HIF-1α pathways. Biomed Rep 2021; 14:38. [PMID: 33692901 PMCID: PMC7938297 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginaton injection (Ginkgo biloba extract; GBE) has been reported to protect against cisplatin-induced acute renal failure in rats. In the present study, the effects and molecular mechanisms of GBE on cisplatin-induced renal interstitial fibrosis were evaluated using a rat model. The rats were intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin once on the first day and a subset of rats were treated with GBE or SB203580 (SB; a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor) daily from days 22 to 40. The levels of N-acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase (NAG) in the urine, and of urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Scr) in the blood were assessed. The damage and fibrosis of renal tissues were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining, as well as Masson's trichrome staining, respectively. Apoptosis in renal tissues was detected using a TUNEL assay. The protein expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), collagen 1 (Col I), Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3/cleaved caspase-3, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), TGF-β1 and p38MAPK, as well as the mRNA levels of p38MAPK in renal tissues were investigated. The results showed that GBE markedly reduced the levels of urinary NAG, Scr and BUN, and renal expression of α-SMA and Col I levels were also reduced. Furthermore, GBE significantly reduced renal tissue injury and the relative area of renal interstitial fibrosis induced by cisplatin. GBE effectively reduced the apoptotic rate of renal tissues, the protein expression levels of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, phospho-p38MAPK, TGF-β1 and HIF-1α, as well as the mRNA expression levels of p38MAPK in renal tissues induced by cisplatin, whereas GBE significantly increased Bcl-2 protein expression. SB exhibited similar effects to GBE, although it was not as effective. In summary, the present study is the first to show that GBE significantly alleviated renal interstitial fibrosis following cisplatin-induced acute renal injury. The mechanisms by which GBE exhibited its effects were associated with the inhibition of apoptosis via downregulation of the p38MAPK/TGF-β1 and p38MAPK/HIF-1α signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taolin Liang
- Postgraduate Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Chongying Wei
- Postgraduate Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Sisi Lu
- Postgraduate Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Mengyuan Qin
- Postgraduate Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Guiming Qin
- Postgraduate Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yansong Zhang
- Postgraduate Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Zhong
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yufang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Chen J, Li L, Bai X, Xiao L, Shangguan J, Zhang W, Zhang X, Wang S, Liu G. Inhibition of Autophagy Prevents Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS) Protection on Cardiac Myocytes Against Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Injury, Ca 2+ Homeostasis and Associated Apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:620812. [PMID: 33762943 PMCID: PMC7982947 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.620812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is often closely linked to autophagy, hypoxia signaling, mitochondrial biogenesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses. Understanding the interaction between ER stress, mitochondrial function and autophagy is of great importance to provide new mechanisms for the pathology, prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Our previous study has reported that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) protection against thapsigargin (TG)-induced ER stress response and associated cell apoptosis in cardiac myocytes is calcium dependent and mediated by ER Ca2+ release through RyR2. However, whether its protection upon ER stress and associated apoptosis is related to mitochondrial function and autophagy remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the roles of PNS played in TG-induced mitochondrial function, ROS accumulation and autophagy. We also assessed its effects on Ca2+ homeostasis, ER stress response and associated cell death in the presence of autophagy inhibition. PNS-pretreated primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were stimulated with TG to induce ER stress response. Mitochondrial potential (Δψm) was measured by JC-1. The general and mitochondrial ROS were measured by DCFH-DA and MitoSOX Red, respectively. Autophagy was evaluated by immunofluorescence of LC3, and immunoblots of LC3, p62, ATG7 and PINK1. In addition, mRFP-GFP-LC3 labeling was used to assess the autophagic influx. SiATG7 transfected H9c2 cells were generated to inhibit autophagy. Cytosolic and ER Ca2+ dynamics were investigated by calcium imaging. RyR2 oxidation was tested by oxyblot. Cell viability was examined by TUNEL assay. ER stress response and cell apoptosis were detected by immunoblots of BiP, CHOP, Cleaved Caspase-3 and Caspase-12. The results demonstrated that firstly, PNS protects against TG-induced mitochondrial injury and ROS accumulation. Secondly, PNS enhances autophagy in TG-induced cardiac myocytes. Thirdly, inhibition of autophagy diminishes PNS prevention of TG-induced mitochondrial injury, ROS accumulation and disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis. Last but not least, inhibition of autophagy abolishes PNS protection against TG-induced ER stress response and associated apoptosis. In summary, PNS protection against ER stress response and associated apoptosis is related to the regulation of mitochondrial injury and ROS overproduction via modulation of autophagy. These data provide new insights for molecular mechanisms of PNS as a potential preventive approach to the management of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Vasculocardiology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Vasculocardiology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueyang Bai
- Vasculocardiology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lili Xiao
- Vasculocardiology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Shangguan
- Vasculocardiology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Vasculocardiology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangqin Zhang
- Vasculocardiology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Vasculocardiology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gangqiong Liu
- Vasculocardiology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Han B, He C. Targeting autophagy using saponins as a therapeutic and preventive strategy against human diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 166:105428. [PMID: 33540047 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a ubiquitous mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis through the degradation of long-lived proteins, insoluble protein aggregates, and superfluous or damaged organelles. Dysfunctional autophagy is observed in a variety of human diseases. With advanced research into the role that autophagy plays in physiological and pathological conditions, targeting autophagy is becoming a novel tactic for disease management. Saponins are naturally occurring glycosides containing triterpenoids or steroidal sapogenins as aglycones, and some saponins are reported to modulate autophagy. Research suggests that saponins may have therapeutic and preventive efficacy against many autophagy-related diseases. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarizes and discusses the reported saponins that exhibit autophagy regulating activities. In addition, the relevant signaling pathways that the mechanisms involved in regulating autophagy and the targeted diseases were also discussed. By regulating autophagy and related pathways, saponins exhibit bioactivities against cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis and other cardiac diseases, kidney diseases, liver diseases, acute pancreatitis, and osteoporosis. This review provides an overview of the autophagy-regulating activity of saponins, the underlying mechanisms and potential applications for managing various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, China.
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Chang X, Zhang W, Zhao Z, Ma C, Zhang T, Meng Q, Yan P, Zhang L, Zhao Y. Regulation of Mitochondrial Quality Control by Natural Drugs in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases: Potential and Advantages. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:616139. [PMID: 33425924 PMCID: PMC7793684 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.616139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membraned cellular organelles that provide the required energy and metabolic intermediates to cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial respiratory chain defects, structure abnormalities, and DNA mutations can affect the normal function of cardiomyocytes, causing an imbalance in intracellular calcium ion homeostasis, production of reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) is an important process that maintains mitochondrial homeostasis in cardiomyocytes and involves multi-level regulatory mechanisms, such as mitophagy, mitochondrial fission and fusion, mitochondrial energy metabolism, mitochondrial antioxidant system, and mitochondrial respiratory chain. Furthermore, MQC plays a role in the pathological mechanisms of various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In recent years, the regulatory effects of natural plants, drugs, and active ingredients on MQC in the context of CVDs have received significant attention. Effective active ingredients in natural drugs can influence the production of energy-supplying substances in the mitochondria, interfere with the expression of genes associated with mitochondrial energy requirements, and regulate various mechanisms of MQC modulation. Thus, these ingredients have therapeutic effects against CVDs. This review provides useful information about novel treatment options for CVDs and development of novel drugs targeting MQC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Guang'anmen Hospital of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjin Zhang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxia Ma
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qingyan Meng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Peizheng Yan
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuping Zhao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Paricalcitol Attenuates Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Regulating Mitophagy and Senescence. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7627934. [PMID: 33299530 PMCID: PMC7704155 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7627934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is the third most common cause of hospital-acquired renal failure, with an incidence of 11%. However, the disease mechanism remains unclear, and no effective treatment is available. Paricalcitol has been reported to be effective in animal models of kidney injury. We hypothesized that paricalcitol could play a renoprotective role against CI-AKI. Rats were divided into control, paricalcitol, contrast, and paricalcitol-plus-contrast groups. We used a previously published protocol to produce CI-AKI. Paricalcitol (0.3 μg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally before 24 h and 30 min before indomethacin. We used HK-2 cells to evaluate the effects of paricalcitol on mitophagy and senescence. Ioversol triggered renal dysfunction, increasing blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. Significant tubular damage, increased 8-OHdG expression, and apoptosis were apparent. Ioversol injection induced high expression levels of the mitophagy markers Pink1, Parkin, and LC3 and the senescence markers β-galactosidase and p16INK4A. Paricalcitol pretreatment prevented renal dysfunction and reduced tissue damage by reducing both mitophagy and senescence. Cellular morphological changes were found, and expression of LC3B and HMGB1 was increased by ioversol in HK-2 cells. Paricalcitol countered these effects. This study showed that mitochondria might drive injury phenotypes in CI-AKI, and that paricalcitol protects against CI-AKI by decreasing mitochondrial damage.
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Jin L, Zheng D, Yang G, Li W, Yang H, Jiang Q, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Xie X. Tilapia Skin Peptides Ameliorate Diabetic Nephropathy in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats and HG-Induced GMCs by Improving Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18070363. [PMID: 32679664 PMCID: PMC7401261 DOI: 10.3390/md18070363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed in the kidneys of diabetic patients. Tilapia skin peptides (TSPs) are mixtures of small-molecular-weight peptides derived from tilapia skin. Rising evidence suggests that bioactive peptides from marine sources are beneficial for DN. This study aimed to investigate whether TSPs can alleviate the pathological progress in experimental DN by improving mitochondrial dysfunction through the activation of Bnip3/Nix signaling. In the current study, TSPs treatment alleviated the metabolic parameters and renal morphology in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Additionally, TSPs treatment significantly activated Bnip3/Nix signaling and improved the mitochondrial morphology, reversed the over-production of mitochondrial superoxide and cellular reactive oxygen species and the decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby inhibiting the expressions of fibronectin, collagen IV and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 in glomerular mesangial cells induced by high glucose. Collectively, our results suggest that TSPs show the renoprotective effect on DN by improving mitochondrial dysfunction, and they can be a potential therapeutic strategy for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.J.); (D.Z.); (G.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Dongxiao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.J.); (D.Z.); (G.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Guanyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.J.); (D.Z.); (G.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (W.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Huan Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (W.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Yongjun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (W.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yingxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.J.); (D.Z.); (G.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Xi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.J.); (D.Z.); (G.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-186-0895-8617
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Zeng X, Cai G, Liang T, Li Q, Yang Y, Zhong X, Zou X, Qin M, Mi Z. Rhubarb and Astragalus Capsule Attenuates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis in Rats with Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction by Alleviating Apoptosis through Regulating Transforming Growth Factor beta1 (TGF-β1)/p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (p38 MAPK) Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920720. [PMID: 32205836 PMCID: PMC7111584 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhubarb and astragalus capsule (RAC) has been used in the clinical treatment of chronic kidney disease for decades. However, the mechanism of RAC has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanisms of RAC on unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal interstitial fibrosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The main components of RAC are detected by high-performance liquid phase (HPLC). A rat model of UUO was established, and a subset of rats underwent treatment with RAC. Renal function and renal pathology were examined at 14 days and 21 days after the UUO operation. Renal cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. The levels of Bcl-2 and Bax in the kidney were examined by western blotting, and the levels of collagen I, alpha-SMA, transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1, and p38 MAPK in the kidneys were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS High-performance liquid phase chromatography showed that RAC contained 1.12 mg/g aloe-emodin, 2.25 mg/g rhein, 1.75 mg/g emodin, and 4.50 mg/g chrysophanol. Administration of RAC significantly decreased the levels of urinary N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Scr) and also reduced renal tissue damages and interstitial fibrosis induced by UUO in rats. Moreover, the increased levels of collagen I, alpha-SMA, TGF-ß1, p38 MAPK, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, as well as cell apoptosis in the kidney, were induced by UUO, and were all found deceased by RAC treatment. CONCLUSIONS RAC can improve the renal interstitial fibrosis induced by UUO, and the mechanism may be related to inhibition of renal tubular cell apoptosis via TGF-ß1/p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Guozhen Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Taolin Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yufang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaobin Zhong
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoqin Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Mengyuan Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhengcheng Mi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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Panax Notoginseng Saponins Attenuate Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through the HIF-1α/BNIP3 Pathway of Autophagy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2020; 73:92-99. [PMID: 30531436 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS) is a formula of Chinese medicine commonly used for treating ischemia myocardial in China. However, its mechanism of action is yet unclear. This study investigated the effect and the mechanism of PNS on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) through the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)/bcl-2/adenovirus E1B19kDa-interacting protein3 (BNIP3) pathway of autophagy. METHODS We constructed a rat model of myocardial injury and compared among 4 groups (n = 10, each): the sham-operated group (Sham), the ischemia-reperfusion group (IR), the PNS low-dose group, and the PNS high-dose group were pretreated with PNS (30 and 60 mg/kg, respectively). Serum creatine kinase, malonaldehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase, myocardial tissue superoxide dismutase, and reactive oxygen species were detected in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion after the intervention of PNS. The rat myocardial tissue was examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and the mitochondria of myocardial cells were observed using transmission electron microscopy. The expressions of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), HIF-1α, BNIP3, Beclin-1, and autophagy-related gene-5 (Atg5) in rat myocardial tissue were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS The results showed that PNS was significantly protected against MIRI, as evidenced by the decreasing in the concentration of serum CK, MDA, lactate dehydrogenase, and myocardial tissue superoxide dismutase, reactive oxygen species, the attenuation of myocardial tissue histopathological changes and the mitochondrial damages of myocardial cells, and the increase of mitochondria autophagosome in myocardial cells. In addition, PNS significantly increased the expression of LC3 and the ratio of LC3II/LC3I in rat myocardial tissue. Moreover, PNS significantly increased the expression of HIF-1α, BNIP3, Atg5, and Beclin-1 in rat myocardial tissue. CONCLUSIONS The protective effect of PNS on MIRI was mainly due to its ability to enhance the mitochondrial autophagy of myocardial tissue through the HIF-1α/BNIP3 pathway.
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Mitophagy in Acute Kidney Injury and Kidney Repair. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020338. [PMID: 32024113 PMCID: PMC7072358 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major kidney disease characterized by rapid decline of renal function. Besides its acute consequence of high mortality, AKI has recently been recognized as an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Maladaptive or incomplete repair of renal tubules after severe or episodic AKI leads to renal fibrosis and, eventually, CKD. Recent studies highlight a key role of mitochondrial pathology in AKI development and abnormal kidney repair after AKI. As such, timely elimination of damaged mitochondria in renal tubular cells represents an important quality control mechanism for cell homeostasis and survival during kidney injury and repair. Mitophagy is a selective form of autophagy that selectively removes redundant or damaged mitochondria. Here, we summarize our recent understanding on the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy, discuss the role of mitophagy in AKI development and kidney repair after AKI, and present future research directions and therapeutic potential.
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26
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Li Q, Liang X, Yang Y, Zeng X, Zhong X, Huang C. Panax notoginseng saponins ameliorate cisplatin-induced mitochondrial injury via the HIF-1α/mitochondria/ROS pathway. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 10:118-126. [PMID: 31715069 PMCID: PMC6943232 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a major antineoplastic drug that is used to treat solid tumors, but its use is restricted by its nephrotoxicity. Such cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) is believed to occur primarily through mitochondrial damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Our previous studies have indicated that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNSs) mitigate CIN by enhancing hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α)‐induced mitochondrial autophagy. In this study, the role of the HIF‐1α/mitochondria/ROS pathway in PNSs protection against CIN was investigated using a rat model. A CIN model was generated by giving rats intraperitoneal injections with cisplatin (a single dose) and then treating them with or without 2‐methoxyestradiol (HIF‐1α inhibitor) and PNSs. We then measured ROS levels, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, catalase malondialdehyde and nitric oxide (to evaluate oxidative stress) and ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening (to evaluate mitochondrial function) in kidneys at different time points. We observed that PNSs remarkably reduced the levels of ROS, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, as well as the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore, which is increased by cisplatin and further increased by HIF‐1α inhibition. In addition, PNSs increased the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione, as well as ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential in renal tissues; these are all reduced by cisplatin and further reduced by HIF‐1α inhibition. In conclusion, we demonstrate here that PNSs protects against mitochondrial damage induced by cisplatin through HIF‐1α/mitochondria/ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xueyan Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yufang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xian Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhong
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chun Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Zhang Y, Liu D, Hu H, Zhang P, Xie R, Cui W. HIF-1α/BNIP3 signaling pathway-induced-autophagy plays protective role during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109464. [PMID: 31590128 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was established to inquire into the protective effect of the HIF-1α (Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α)/ BNIP3(Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein) signal path-induced-autophagy during myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) and oxygen-glucose deprivation/recovery (OGD/R) injury in heart-derived H9C2 cells as well as its potential underlying mechanism. METHODS Immediate myocardial I/R in SD (Spraque Dawley) rats and cytotoxicity of OGD/R injury on H9C2 cells with and without inhibitors or agonists of HIF-1α and BNIP3 were evaluated. Expression of mitochondrial autophagic protein were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence. And the mitochondrial autophagosome were detected using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). RESULTS I/R and OGD/R injury increased the expression level of HIF-1α, activated the downstream BNIP3 and subsequently triggered mitochondria-dependent autophagy. Up-regulation the expression of HIF-1α and BNIP3 may promote the cardiac myocytes of SD rats of I/R injure and OGD/R injury-induced autophagy of H9C2 cells. Moreover, down-regulation the expression of HIF-1α or BNIP3-siRNA decreased H9C2 cells autophagy under OGD/R injury. CONCLUSIONS Together, our studies indicated that HIF-1α synchronization regulate BNIP3 during OGD/R injury-induced autophagy in H9C2 cells, though BNIP3-induced autophagy acting as a survival mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- First Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Dawei Liu
- First Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Haijuan Hu
- First Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Puqiang Zhang
- First Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Ruiqin Xie
- First Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Wei Cui
- First Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Hebei, 050000, China.
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Molecular Interactions Between Reactive Oxygen Species and Autophagy in Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153791. [PMID: 31382550 PMCID: PMC6696055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive signaling molecules that maintain redox homeostasis in mammalian cells. Dysregulation of redox homeostasis under pathological conditions results in excessive generation of ROS, culminating in oxidative stress and the associated oxidative damage of cellular components. ROS and oxidative stress play a vital role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, and it is well documented that increased oxidative stress in patients enhances the progression of renal diseases. Oxidative stress activates autophagy, which facilitates cellular adaptation and diminishes oxidative damage by degrading and recycling intracellular oxidized and damaged macromolecules and dysfunctional organelles. In this review, we report the current understanding of the molecular regulation of autophagy in response to oxidative stress in general and in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. We summarize how the molecular interactions between ROS and autophagy involve ROS-mediated activation of autophagy and autophagy-mediated reduction of oxidative stress. In particular, we describe how ROS impact various signaling pathways of autophagy, including mTORC1-ULK1, AMPK-mTORC1-ULK1, and Keap1-Nrf2-p62, as well as selective autophagy including mitophagy and pexophagy. Precise elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of interactions between ROS and autophagy in the pathogenesis of renal diseases may identify novel targets for development of drugs for preventing renal injury.
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