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Sergi CM. Pediatric cancer-pathology and microenvironment influence: a perspective into osteosarcoma and non-osteogenic mesenchymal malignant neoplasms. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:358. [PMID: 39154307 PMCID: PMC11330953 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cancer remains the leading cause of disease-related death among children aged 1-14 years. A few risk factors have been conclusively identified, including exposure to pesticides, high-dose radiation, and specific genetic syndromes, but the etiology underlying most events remains unknown. The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes stromal cells, vasculature, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and different subsets of immunological cells. TME plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis, cancer formation, progression, dissemination, and resistance to therapy. Moreover, autophagy seems to be a vital regulator of the TME and controls tumor immunity. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular process. It enables the degradation and recycling of long-lived large molecules or damaged organelles using the lysosomal-mediated pathway. The multifaceted role of autophagy in the complicated neoplastic TME may depend on a specific context. Autophagy may function as a tumor-suppressive mechanism during early tumorigenesis by eliminating unhealthy intracellular components and proteins, regulating antigen presentation to and by immune cells, and supporting anti-cancer immune response. On the other hand, dysregulation of autophagy may contribute to tumor progression by promoting genome damage and instability. This perspective provides an assortment of regulatory substances that influence the features of the TME and the metastasis process. Mesenchymal cells in bone and soft-tissue sarcomas and their signaling pathways play a more critical role than epithelial cells in childhood and youth. The investigation of the TME in pediatric malignancies remains uncharted primarily, and this unique collection may help to include novel advances in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consolato M Sergi
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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2
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Teisseire M, Giuliano S, Pagès G. Combination of Anti-Angiogenics and Immunotherapies in Renal Cell Carcinoma Show Their Limits: Targeting Fibrosis to Break through the Glass Ceiling? Biomedicines 2024; 12:385. [PMID: 38397987 PMCID: PMC10886484 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review explores treating metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) through current therapeutic modalities-anti-angiogenic therapies and immunotherapies. While these approaches represent the forefront, their limitations and variable patient responses highlight the need to comprehend underlying resistance mechanisms. We specifically investigate the role of fibrosis, prevalent in chronic kidney disease, influencing tumour growth and treatment resistance. Our focus extends to unravelling the intricate interplay between fibrosis, immunotherapy resistance, and the tumour microenvironment for effective therapy development. The analysis centres on connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), revealing its multifaceted role in ccRCC-promoting fibrosis, angiogenesis, and cancer progression. We discuss the potential of targeting CTGF to address the problem of fibrosis in ccRCC. Emphasising the crucial relationship between fibrosis and the immune system in ccRCC, we propose that targeting CTGF holds promise for overcoming obstacles to cancer treatment. However, we recognise that an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms and potential limitations is imperative and, therefore, advocate for further research. This is an essential prerequisite for the successful integration of CTGF-targeted therapies into the clinical landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandy Giuliano
- University Cote d’Azur (UCA), Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284; INSERM U1081, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 06189 Nice, France;
| | - Gilles Pagès
- University Cote d’Azur (UCA), Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284; INSERM U1081, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 06189 Nice, France;
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Chang YH, Huang YL, Tsai HC, Chang AC, Ko CY, Fong YC, Tang CH. Chemokine Ligand 2 Promotes Migration in Osteosarcoma by Regulating the miR-3659/MMP-3 Axis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2768. [PMID: 37893141 PMCID: PMC10604484 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a common malignant tumor in children and adolescents, known for its aggressive invasion and distant metastasis, leading to a poor prognosis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can degrade the extracellular matrix and basement membranes through their proteolytic activity, thereby promoting osteosarcoma metastasis. Chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) is a well-studied chemokine that plays a significant role in the cell motility of many cancers. However, its specific involvement in osteosarcoma metastasis is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to examine the role of miRNAs in CCL2-mediated MMP expression and cell motility in human osteosarcoma. The analysis of immunohistochemistry data and databases associated a positive correlation between CCL2 or MMP-3 levels with the metastasis of osteosarcoma patients. The in vivo lung metastatic osteosarcoma model also demonstrated similar effects, showing higher levels of CCL2 and MMP-3 in lung metastatic osteosarcoma tissues. The stimulation of osteosarcoma cells with CCL2 enhanced migration and invasion abilities through the upregulation of MMP-3 synthesis. Our results also indicate that CCL2 enhances MMP-3-dependent cell motility by inhibiting miR-3659 synthesis. Therefore, CCL2 represents a promising therapeutic target for treating metastasis in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Chang
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan;
| | - Yuan-Li Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiao-Chi Tsai
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin 651012, Taiwan;
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - An-Chen Chang
- Translational Medicine Center, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111045, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Yuan Ko
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin 651012, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu 302056, Taiwan
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4
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Gogoi RP, Galoforo S, Fox A, Morris C, Ramos H, Gogoi VK, Chehade H, Adzibolosu NK, Shi C, Zhang J, Tedja R, Morris R, Alvero AB, Mor G. A Novel Role of Connective Tissue Growth Factor in the Regulation of the Epithelial Phenotype. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4834. [PMID: 37835529 PMCID: PMC10571845 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process where epithelial cells lose their adhesive properties and gain invasive, metastatic, and mesenchymal properties. Maintaining the balance between the epithelial and mesenchymal stage is essential for tissue homeostasis. Many of the genes promoting mesenchymal transformation have been identified; however, our understanding of the genes responsible for maintaining the epithelial phenotype is limited. Our objective was to identify the genes responsible for maintaining the epithelial phenotype and inhibiting EMT. METHODS RNA seq was performed using an vitro model of EMT. CTGF expression was determined via qPCR and Western blot analysis. The knockout of CTGF was completed using the CTGF sgRNA CRISPR/CAS9. The tumorigenic potential was determined using NCG mice. RESULTS The knockout of CTGF in epithelial ovarian cancer cells leads to the acquisition of functional characteristics associated with the mesenchymal phenotype such as anoikis resistance, cytoskeleton remodeling, increased cell stiffness, and the acquisition of invasion and tumorigenic capacity. CONCLUSIONS We identified CTGF is an important regulator of the epithelial phenotype, and its loss is associated with the early cellular modifications required for EMT. We describe a novel role for CTGF, regulating cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix interactions necessary for the conservation of epithelial structure and function. These findings provide a new window into understanding the early stages of mesenchymal transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika P. Gogoi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 4100 John R St, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - Sandra Galoforo
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.G.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (H.R.); (V.K.G.); (H.C.); (N.K.A.); (R.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Alexandra Fox
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.G.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (H.R.); (V.K.G.); (H.C.); (N.K.A.); (R.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Colton Morris
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.G.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (H.R.); (V.K.G.); (H.C.); (N.K.A.); (R.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Harry Ramos
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.G.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (H.R.); (V.K.G.); (H.C.); (N.K.A.); (R.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Vir K. Gogoi
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.G.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (H.R.); (V.K.G.); (H.C.); (N.K.A.); (R.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Hussein Chehade
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.G.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (H.R.); (V.K.G.); (H.C.); (N.K.A.); (R.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Nicholas K. Adzibolosu
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.G.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (H.R.); (V.K.G.); (H.C.); (N.K.A.); (R.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Chenjun Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jitao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Roslyn Tedja
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.G.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (H.R.); (V.K.G.); (H.C.); (N.K.A.); (R.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Robert Morris
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 4100 John R St, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - Ayesha B. Alvero
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.G.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (H.R.); (V.K.G.); (H.C.); (N.K.A.); (R.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Gil Mor
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.G.); (A.F.); (C.M.); (H.R.); (V.K.G.); (H.C.); (N.K.A.); (R.T.); (A.B.A.)
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Hassan MDS, Razali N, Abu Bakar AS, Abu Hanipah NF, Agarwal R. Connective tissue growth factor: Role in trabecular meshwork remodeling and intraocular pressure lowering. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1425-1436. [PMID: 37873757 PMCID: PMC10657592 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231199466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a distinct signaling molecule modulating many physiological and pathophysiological processes. This protein is upregulated in numerous fibrotic diseases that involve extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. It mediates the downstream effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and is regulated via TGF-β SMAD-dependent and SMAD-independent signaling routes. Targeting CTGF instead of its upstream regulator TGF-β avoids the consequences of interfering with the pleotropic effects of TGF-β. Both CTGF and its upstream mediator, TGF-β, have been linked with the pathophysiology of glaucomatous optic neuropathy due to their involvement in the regulation of ECM homeostasis. The excessive expression of these growth factors is associated with glaucoma pathogenesis via elevation of the intraocular pressure (IOP), the most important risk factor for glaucoma. The raised in the IOP is due to dysregulation of ECM turnover resulting in excessive ECM deposition at the site of aqueous humor outflow. It is therefore believed that CTGF could be a potential therapeutic target in glaucoma therapy. This review highlights the CTGF biology and structure, its regulation and signaling, its association with the pathophysiology of glaucoma, and its potential role as a therapeutic target in glaucoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norhafiza Razali
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
- Center for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Amy Suzana Abu Bakar
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
- Center for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Noor Fahitah Abu Hanipah
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Renu Agarwal
- School of Medicine, International Medical University (IMU), 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Simpson S, Rizvanov AA, Jeyapalan JN, de Brot S, Rutland CS. Canine osteosarcoma in comparative oncology: Molecular mechanisms through to treatment discovery. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:965391. [PMID: 36570509 PMCID: PMC9773846 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.965391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of non-communicable morbidity and mortality throughout the world, similarly, in dogs, the most frequent cause of mortality is tumors. Some types of cancer, including osteosarcoma (OSA), occur at much higher rates in dogs than people. Dogs therefore not only require treatment themselves but can also act as an effective parallel patient population for the human disease equivalent. It should be noted that although there are many similarities between canine and human OSA, there are also key differences and it is important to research and highlight these features. Despite progress using chorioallantoic membrane models, 2D and 3D in vitro models, and rodent OSA models, many more insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms, drug development, and treatment are being discovered in a variety of canine OSA patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Simpson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Jennie N. Jeyapalan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simone de Brot
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Comparative Pathology Platform (COMPATH), Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Catrin S. Rutland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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7
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Jaszczuk I, Winkler I, Koczkodaj D, Skrzypczak M, Filip A. The Role of Cluster C19MC in Pre-Eclampsia Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213836. [PMID: 36430313 PMCID: PMC9699419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia is a placenta-related complication occurring in 2-10% of all pregnancies. miRNAs are a group of non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression. There is evidence that C19MC miRNAs are involved in the development of the placenta. Deregulation of chromosome 19 microRNA cluster (C19MC) miRNAs expression leads to impaired cell differentiation, abnormal trophoblast invasion and pathological angiogenesis, which can lead to the development of pre-eclampsia. Information was obtained through a review of articles available in PubMed Medline. Articles on the role of the C19MC miRNA in the development of pre-eclampsia published in 2009-2022 were analyzed. This review article summarizes the current data on the role of the C19MC miRNA in the development of pre-eclampsia. They indicate a significant increase in the expression of most C19MC miRNAs in placental tissue and a high level of circulating fractions in serum and plasma, both in the first and/or third trimester in women with PE. Only for miR-525-5p, low levels of plasma expression were noted in the first trimester, and in the placenta in the third trimester. The search for molecular factors indicating the development of pre-eclampsia before the onset of clinical symptoms seems to be a promising diagnostic route. Identifying women at risk of developing pre-eclampsia at the pre-symptomatic stage would avoid serious complications in both mothers and fetuses. We believe that miRNAs belonging to cluster C19MC could be promising biomarkers of pre-eclampsia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Jaszczuk
- Department of Cancer Genetics with Cytogenetic Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwillowska Street 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Izabela Winkler
- Second Department of Gynecological Oncology, St. John’s Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region, Jaczewski Street 7, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Dorota Koczkodaj
- Department of Cancer Genetics with Cytogenetic Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwillowska Street 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Skrzypczak
- Second Department of Gynecology, Lublin Medical University, Jaczewski Street 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Filip
- Department of Cancer Genetics with Cytogenetic Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwillowska Street 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
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Lin GY, Ma CY, Kuo LC, Hsieh BY, Wang H, Liu CS, Hsieh M. Altered glucose metabolism and its association with carbonic anhydrase 8 in Machado-Joseph Disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2103-2120. [PMID: 35488942 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00994-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), also known as spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. This disorder is caused by polyglutamine (polyQ)-containing mutant ataxin-3, which tends to misfold and aggregate in neuron cells. We previously demonstrated a protective function of carbonic anhydrase 8 (CA8) in MJD disease models and a decreased glycolytic activity associated with down-regulated CA8 in a human osteosarcoma (OS) cell model. Given that a reduction in body weight accompanied by gait and balance instability was observed in MJD patients and transgenic (Tg) mice, in this study, we aimed to examine whether metabolic defects are associated with MJD and whether CA8 expression is involved in metabolic dysfunction in MJD. Our data first showed that glucose uptake ability decreases in cells harboring mutant ataxin-3, but increases in cells overexpressing CA8. In addition, the expressions of glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) and phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1) were significantly decreased in the presence of mutant ataxin-3. Consistently, immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed that GLUT3 was less expressed in cerebella of aged MJD Tg mice, indicating that the dysfunction of GLUT3 may be associated with late-stage disease. On the other hand, transient down-regulation of CA8 revealed decreased expressions of GLUT3 and PFK1 in HEK293 cells harboring wild-type (WT) ataxin-3, but no further reduction of GLUT3 and PFK1 expressions were observed in HEK293 cells harboring mutant ataxin-3. Moreover, immunoprecipitation (IP) and immunofluorescence (IF) demonstrated that interactions exist between ataxin-3, CA8 and GLUT3 in MJD cellular and Tg models. These lines of evidence suggest that CA8 plays an important role in glucose metabolism and has different impacts on cells with or without mutant ataxin-3. Interestingly, the decreased relative abundance of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio in the feces of aged MJD Tg mice coincided with weight loss and metabolic dysfunction in MJD. Taken together, our results are the first to demonstrate the effects of CA8 on glucose metabolism and its involvement in the metabolic defects in MJD disease. Further investigations will be required to clarify the underlying mechanisms for the metabolic defects associated with MJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yu Lin
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Yung Ma
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Chung Kuo
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Benjamin Y Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hanbing Wang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mingli Hsieh
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Yang G, Zhang C. CTBP1-AS2 promoted non-small cell lung cancer progression via sponging the miR-623/MMP3 axis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:38385-38394. [PMID: 35076836 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that lncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs) are involved in the initiation and development of tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the involvement of C-terminal binding protein-antisense RNA 2 (CTBP1-AS2) in NSCLC remains to be studied. RT-qPCR was carried out to detect CTBP1-AS2 and miR-623 expression in NSCLC cells and tissues. CCK-8 and flow cytometry were performed to measure cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Luciferase reporter analysis was performed to study the potential target of CTBP1-AS2. We found that CTBP1-AS2 expression was upregulated in NSCLC cells (SPC-A1, A549, H23, and H1299) compared to 16HBE cells. We demonstrated that the CTBP1-AS2 level was higher in NSCLC specimens than in paired non-tumor specimens. Elevated expression of CTBP1-AS2 increased cell growth and induced cell cycle progression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We also found that ectopic expression of CTBP1-AS2 inhibited miR-623 expression. MMP3 was a direct target of miR-623, and luciferase reporter assays suggested that miR-623 overexpression suppressed the luciferase expression driven by the MMP3 wild-type reporter but not the mutant reporter. Overexpression of miR-623 suppressed MMP3 expression in A549 cells, and overexpression of CTBP1-AS2 increased MMP3 expression in A549 cells. Moreover, the miR-623 level was lower in NSCLC specimens than in paired non-tumor specimens, and CTBP1-AS2 expression was negatively correlated with miR-623 expression in NSCLC samples. Furthermore, overexpression of CTBP1-AS2 enhanced cell growth, cell cycle progression, and EMT progression by modulating MMP3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanying Yang
- Department of Occupational Disease, Daqing People's Hospital, Daqing, 163316, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunjie Zhang
- Department of Occupational Disease, Daqing People's Hospital, Daqing, 163316, Heilongjiang, China.
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10
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Zaykov V, Chaqour B. The CCN2/CTGF interactome: an approach to understanding the versatility of CCN2/CTGF molecular activities. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:567-580. [PMID: 34613590 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00650-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication network 2 (CCN2), also known as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) regulates diverse cellular processes, some at odds with others, including adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis. Although a cause-and-effect relationship between CCN2/CTGF expression and local fibrotic reactions has initially been established, CCN2/CTGF manifests cell-, tissue-, and context-specific functions and differentially affects developmental and pathological processes ranging from progenitor cell fate decisions and angiogenesis to inflammation and tumorigenesis. CCN2/CTGF multimodular structure, binding to and activation or inhibition of multiple cell surface receptors, growth factors and ECM proteins, and susceptibility for proteolytic cleavage highlight the complexity to CCN2/CTGF biochemical attributes. CCN2/CTGF expression and dosage in the local environment affects a defined community of its interacting partners, and this results in sequestration of growth factors, interference with or potentiation of ligand-receptor binding, cellular internalization of CCN2/CTGF, inhibition or activation of proteases, and generation of CCN2/CTGF degradome products that add molecular diversity and expand the repertoire of functional modules in the cells and their microenvironment. Through these interactions, different intracellular signals and cellular responses are elicited culminating into physiological or pathological reactions. Thus, the CCN2/CTGF interactome is a defining factor of its tissue- and context-specific effects. Mapping of new CCN2/CTGF binding partners might shed light on yet unknown roles of CCN2/CTGF and provide a solid basis for tissue-specific targeting this molecule or its interacting partners in a therapeutic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Zaykov
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Brahim Chaqour
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
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11
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Kim HS, Kim HJ, Lee MR, Han I. EMMPRIN expression is associated with metastatic progression in osteosarcoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1059. [PMID: 34565336 PMCID: PMC8474954 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), a cell-surface glycoprotein, is overexpressed in several cancer types. EMMPRIN induces a metastatic phenotype by triggering the production of matrix metalloproteinase proteins (MMPs) such as MMP1 and MMP2, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cancer cells and the surrounding stromal cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression and role of EMMPRIN in osteosarcoma. Methods The level of EMMPRIN expression was evaluated using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 6 tumor-derived osteosarcoma cell lines and compared with that in normal osteoblasts. To study the prognostic significance of EMMPRIN expression, immunohistochemistry was carried out in prechemotherapy biopsies of 54 patients. siRNA knockdown of EMMPRIN in SaOS-2 cells was conducted to explore the role of EMMPRIN. To study the role of EMMPRIN in tumor-stromal interaction in MMP production and invasion, co-culture of SaOS-2 cells with osteoblasts and fibroblasts was performed. Osteosarcoma 143B cells were injected into the tail vein of BALB/c mice and lung metastasis was analyzed. Results EMMRIN mRNA expression was significantly higher in 5 of 6 (83%) tumor-derived cells than in MG63 cells. 90% of specimens (50/54) stained positive for EMMPRIN by immunohistochemistry, and higher expression of EMMPRIN was associated with shorter metastasis-free survival (p = 0.023). Co-culture of SaOS-2 with osteoblasts resulted in increased production of pro-MMP2 and VEGF expression, which was inhibited by EMMPRIN-targeting siRNA. siRNA knockdown of EMMPRIN resulted in decreased invasion. EMMPRIN shRNA-transfected 143B cells showed decreased lung metastasis in vivo. Conclusions Our data suggest that EMMPRIN acts as a mediator of osteosarcoma metastasis by regulating MMP and VEGF production in cancer cells as well as stromal cells. EMMPRIN could serve as a therapeutic target in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Soo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ha Jeong Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Mi Ra Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Ilkyu Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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12
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Rutland CS, Cockcroft JM, Lothion-Roy J, Harris AE, Jeyapalan JN, Simpson S, Alibhai A, Bailey C, Ballard-Reisch AC, Rizvanov AA, Dunning MD, de Brot S, Mongan NP. Immunohistochemical Characterisation of GLUT1, MMP3 and NRF2 in Osteosarcoma. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:704598. [PMID: 34414229 PMCID: PMC8369506 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.704598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is an aggressive bone malignancy. Unlike many other malignancies, OSA outcomes have not improved in recent decades. One challenge to the development of better diagnostic and therapeutic methods for OSA has been the lack of well characterized experimental model systems. Spontaneous OSA in dogs provides a good model for the disease seen in people and also remains an important veterinary clinical challenge. We recently used RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR to provide a detailed molecular characterization of OSA relative to non-malignant bone in dogs. We identified differential mRNA expression of the solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1/GLUT1), matrix metallopeptidase 3 (MMP3) and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NFE2L2/NRF2) genes in canine OSA tissue in comparison to paired non-tumor tissue. Our present work characterizes protein expression of GLUT1, MMP3 and NRF2 using immunohistochemistry. As these proteins affect key processes such as Wnt activation, heme biosynthesis, glucose transport, understanding their expression and the enriched pathways and gene ontologies enables us to further understand the potential molecular pathways and mechanisms involved in OSA. This study further supports spontaneous OSA in dogs as a model system to inform the development of new methods to diagnose and treat OSA in both dogs and people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin S Rutland
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - James M Cockcroft
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Lothion-Roy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anna E Harris
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jennie N Jeyapalan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Siobhan Simpson
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aziza Alibhai
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Clara Bailey
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Albert A Rizvanov
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Mark D Dunning
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Solihull, United Kingdom
| | - Simone de Brot
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,COMPATH, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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13
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Xu K, Zhang P, Zhang J, Quan H, Wang J, Liang Y. Identification of potential micro-messenger RNAs (miRNA-mRNA) interaction network of osteosarcoma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:3275-3293. [PMID: 34252359 PMCID: PMC8806609 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1947065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor in children and adolescents. Numerous studies have reported the importance of miRNA in OS. The purpose of this study is to predict potential biomarkers and new therapeutic targets for OS diagnosis and prognosis by analyzing miRNAs of OS plasma samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Data-sets were downloaded from the GEO and analyzed using R software. Different expressions of miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) in plasma and mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) in OS patients were identified. Funrich was used to predict the transcription factors and target genes of miRNAs. By comparing the target mRNAs and DE-mRNAs, the intersection mRNAs were identified. The intersection mRNAs were imported to perform Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. MiRNA-mRNA regulatory network and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were constructed by using Cytoscape. Finally, a total of 164 DE-miRNAs, 256 DE-mRNAs, and 76 intersection mRNAs were identified. The top 10 TF of up- and down-regulated DE-miRNAs were also predicted. In addition, GO and KEGG analyses further revealed the intersection mRNAs. By constructing the miRNA–mRNA networks, we found miR-30d-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-98-5p, miR-301a-3p, and miR-30e-5p were the central hubs. COL1A1, COL1A2, MMP2, CDH11, COL4A1 etc. were predicted to be the key mRNA by constructing the PPI networks. Through a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of miRNAs and mRNAs in OS, we explored the potential effective biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and prognosis of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keteng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huahong Quan
- Department of Orthopedics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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CCN proteins in the musculoskeletal system: current understanding and challenges in physiology and pathology. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:545-566. [PMID: 34228239 PMCID: PMC8642527 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00631-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The acronym for the CCN family was recently revised to represent “cellular communication network”. These six, small, cysteine-enriched and evolutionarily conserved proteins are secreted matricellular proteins, that convey and modulate intercellular communication by interacting with structural proteins, signalling factors and cell surface receptors. Their role in the development and physiology of musculoskeletal system, constituted by connective tissues where cells are interspersed in the cellular matrix, has been broadly studied. Previous research has highlighted a crucial balance of CCN proteins in mesenchymal stem cell commitment and a pivotal role for CCN1, CCN2 and their alter ego CCN3 in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis; CCN4 plays a minor role and the role of CCN5 and CCN6 is still unclear. CCN proteins also participate in osteoclastogenesis and myogenesis. In adult life, CCN proteins serve as mechanosensory proteins in the musculoskeletal system providing a steady response to environmental stimuli and participating in fracture healing. Substantial evidence also supports the involvement of CCN proteins in inflammatory pathologies, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as in cancers affecting the musculoskeletal system and bone metastasis. These matricellular proteins indeed show involvement in inflammation and cancer, thus representing intriguing therapeutic targets. This review discusses the current understanding of CCN proteins in the musculoskeletal system as well as the controversies and challenges associated with their multiple and complex roles, and it aims to link the dispersed knowledge in an effort to stimulate and guide readers to an area that the writers consider to have significant impact and relevant potentialities.
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15
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Liu JF, Chen PC, Chang TM, Hou CH. Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 promotes cancer cell migration via c-Raf/MAPK/AP-1 pathway and MMP-9 production in osteosarcoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:254. [PMID: 33228783 PMCID: PMC7684958 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma is generally reported among younger individuals and has a very poor prognosis, particularly for the development of metastasis. However, more effective metastatic biomarkers and therapeutic methods are absent. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is involved in cancer progression and inflammatory recruitment. Although previous studies have reported higher serum MCP-1 levels in patients with osteosarcoma, the role of MCP-1 in osteosarcoma progression remains to be addressed. Methods The osteosarcoma cell migratory ability was assessed by transwell migration assay. The MCP-1 and MMP-9 expression levels were analyzed by Western blot and qPCR. The signal activation was conducted by Western blot. The in vivo mouse experiment and tumor tissue array were performed to confirm our findings in vitro. Results The present study demonstrates that MCP-1 regulates cell mobility through matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression in osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, MCP-1 promotes MMP-9 expression, cell migration, and cell invasion by mediating CCR2, c-Raf, MAPK, and AP-1 signal transduction. Using MCP-1 knockdown stable cell lines, we found that MCP-1 knockdown reduces MMP-9 expression and cell mobility. Finally, we found high MCP-1 expression levels in osteosarcoma specimens. Conclusions Our results provide prognostic value of MCP-1 in osteosarcoma by promoting MMP-9 expression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-020-01756-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Fang Liu
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Chen
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan.,Translational medicine center, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, 11101, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ming Chang
- School of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, 100, NO. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei City, 11102, Taiwan, ROC.
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16
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Hellinger JW, Schömel F, Buse JV, Lenz C, Bauerschmitz G, Emons G, Gründker C. Identification of drivers of breast cancer invasion by secretome analysis: insight into CTGF signaling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17889. [PMID: 33087801 PMCID: PMC7578015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An altered consistency of tumor microenvironment facilitates the progression of the tumor towards metastasis. Here we combine data from secretome and proteome analysis using mass spectrometry with microarray data from mesenchymal transformed breast cancer cells (MCF-7-EMT) to elucidate the drivers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell invasion. Suppression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) reduced invasion in 2D and 3D invasion assays and expression of transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein ig-h3 (TGFBI), Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and lysyl oxidase (LOX), while the adhesion of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) in mesenchymal transformed breast cancer cells is increased. In contrast, an enhanced expression of CTGF leads to an increased 3D invasion, expression of fibronectin 1 (FN1), secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC) and CD44 and a reduced cell ECM adhesion. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist Triptorelin reduces CTGF expression in a Ras homolog family member A (RhoA)-dependent manner. Our results suggest that CTGF drives breast cancer cell invasion in vitro and therefore could be an attractive therapeutic target for drug development to prevent the spread of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna W Hellinger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schömel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Judith V Buse
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Bauerschmitz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Günter Emons
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Gründker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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17
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Molecular Characterisation of Canine Osteosarcoma in High Risk Breeds. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092405. [PMID: 32854182 PMCID: PMC7564920 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs develop osteosarcoma (OSA) and the disease process closely resembles that of human OSA. OSA has a poor prognosis in both species and disease-free intervals and cure rates have not improved in recent years. Gene expression in canine OSAs was compared with non-tumor tissue utilising RNA sequencing, validated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (n = 16). Polymorphic polyglutamine (polyQ) tracts in the androgen receptor (AR/NR3C4) and nuclear receptor coactivator 3 (NCOA3) genes were investigated in control and OSA patients using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Sanger sequencing and fragment analysis (n = 1019 Rottweilers, 379 Irish Wolfhounds). Our analysis identified 1281 significantly differentially expressed genes (>2 fold change, p < 0.05), specifically 839 lower and 442 elevated gene expression in osteosarcoma (n = 3) samples relative to non-malignant (n = 4) bone. Enriched pathways and gene ontologies were identified, which provide insight into the molecular pathways implicated in canine OSA. Expression of a subset of these genes (SLC2A1, DKK3, MMP3, POSTN, RBP4, ASPN) was validated by qRTPCR and immunohistochemistry (MMP3, DKK3, SLC2A1) respectively. While little variation was found in the NCOA3 polyQ tract, greater variation was present in both polyQ tracts in the AR, but no significant associations in length were made with OSA. The data provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of OSA in high risk breeds. This knowledge may inform development of new prevention strategies and treatments for OSA in dogs and supports utilising spontaneous OSA in dogs to improve understanding of the disease in people.
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18
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Li L, Kong X, Zang M, Hu B, Fang X, Gui B, Hu Y. MicroRNA-584 Impairs Cellular Proliferation and Sensitizes Osteosarcoma Cells to Cisplatin and Taxanes by Targeting CCN2. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:2577-2587. [PMID: 32346311 PMCID: PMC7167371 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s246545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS), an aggressive malignant neoplasm, exhibits osteoblastic differentiation. Cisplatin (DDP) and taxanes are among the most effective drugs for OS patients. Nevertheless, the drug resistance remains a main limitation to efficacious chemotherapy in OS. The current report sets to explore the biological function of microRNA-584 (miR-584) and the potential mechanism underlying OS cells resistance to these two drugs. Materials and Methods The expression profiles of miR-584 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, CCN2) in OS tissue samples and cell lines were tested by means of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. U2OS and MG63 cell lines were delivered with miR-584 mimic alone or plus CCN2 to excavate theirs functions by cell counting kit-8 and EdU, flow cytometric analysis, as well as transwell assay, severally. Western bot analysis was conducted to examine the expression of IκBα, pIκBα, NF-κB and pNF-κB. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was carried out to assess the targets of miR-584. Results The downregulation of miR-584 was identified in OS tissues and cells, which was closely linked to the dismal prognosis of OS patients. Overexpression of miR-584 repressed cell viability, migration as well as invasion, potentiated apoptosis and sensitized OS cells to DDP and taxanes. Mechanism investigation specified a direct targeting relationship between CCN2 and miR-584 in OS. Conclusion In conclusion, miR-584 has the potency to act as a therapeutic maneuver for OS mainly by inducing the chemosensitivity of OS cells to DDP and taxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, The Affiliated Hefei Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang'an Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, The Affiliated Hefei Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Mousheng Zang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, The Affiliated Hefei Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, The Affiliated Hefei Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, The Affiliated Hefei Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Binjie Gui
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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19
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Kim B, Kim H, Jung S, Moon A, Noh DY, Lee ZH, Kim HJ, Kim HH. A CTGF-RUNX2-RANKL Axis in Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells Promotes Tumor Progression in Bone. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:155-166. [PMID: 31505052 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis to bone is a frequent occurrence in patients with breast and prostate cancers and inevitably threatens the patient's quality of life and survival. Identification of cancer-derived mediators of bone metastasis and osteolysis may lead to novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we established highly bone-metastatic PC3 prostate and MDA-MB-231 (MDA) breast cancer cell sublines by in vivo selection in mice. In bone-metastatic cancer cells, the expression and secretion of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were highly upregulated. CTGF knockdown in bone-metastatic cells decreased invasion activity and MMP expression. RUNX2 overexpression in the CTGF knockdown cells restored the invasion activity and MMP expression. In addition, CTGF increased RUNX2 protein stability by inducing its acetylation via p300 acetyl transferase. The integrin αvβ3 receptor mediated these effects of CTGF. Furthermore, CTGF promoted RUNX2 recruitment to the RANKL promoter, resulting in increased RANKL production from the tumor cells and subsequent stimulation of osteoclastogenesis from precursor cells. In addition, animal model with injection of CTGF knocked-down prostate cancer cells into 6-week old BALB/c male mice showed reduced osteolytic lesions. More importantly, the expression levels of CTGF and RANKL showed a strong positive correlation in human primary breast tumor tissues and were higher in bone metastases than in other site metastases. These findings indicate that CTGF plays crucial roles for osteolytic bone metastasis both by enhancing invasiveness of tumor cells and by producing RANKL for osteoclastogenesis. Targeting CTGF may lead to the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for osteolytic metastasis. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongjun Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and DRI, Seoul National University, School of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haemin Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and DRI, Seoul National University, School of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea.,Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suhan Jung
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and DRI, Seoul National University, School of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Aree Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Zang Hee Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and DRI, Seoul National University, School of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, and Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and DRI, Seoul National University, School of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
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20
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Gao G, Jiang YW, Jia HR, Sun W, Guo Y, Yu XW, Liu X, Wu FG. From perinuclear to intranuclear localization: A cell-penetrating peptide modification strategy to modulate cancer cell migration under mild laser irradiation and improve photothermal therapeutic performance. Biomaterials 2019; 223:119443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Viera GM, Salomao KB, de Sousa GR, Baroni M, Delsin LEA, Pezuk JA, Brassesco MS. miRNA signatures in childhood sarcomas and their clinical implications. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 21:1583-1623. [PMID: 30949930 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02104-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progresses in multimodal treatments have significantly improved the outcomes for childhood cancer. Nonetheless, for about one-third of patients with Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, or osteosarcoma steady remission has remained intangible. Thus, new biomarkers to improve early diagnosis and the development of precision-targeted medicine remain imperative. Over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made in the basic understanding of miRNAs function and in interpreting the contribution of their dysregulation to cancer development and progression. On this basis, this review focuses on what has been learned about the pivotal roles of miRNAs in the regulation of key genes implicated in childhood sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Viera
- Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil
| | - K B Salomao
- Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil
| | - G R de Sousa
- Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil
| | - M Baroni
- Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil
| | - L E A Delsin
- Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil
| | - J A Pezuk
- Anhanguera University of Sao Paulo, UNIAN/SP, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - M S Brassesco
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil.
- Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirao Preto, SP, CEP 14040-901, Brazil.
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22
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Shimbo A, Kajiyama H, Tamauchi S, Yoshikawa N, Ikeda Y, Nishino K, Suzuki S, Niimi K, Sakata J, Kikkawa F. Expression of connective tissue growth factor as a prognostic indicator and its possible involvement in the aggressive properties of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:2323-2332. [PMID: 31578579 PMCID: PMC6826307 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was demonstrated to be associated with aggressive characteristics, including proliferation, invasion and metastasis, in a number of malignancies. Here, we investigated the expression and function of CTGF in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) to clarify its molecular mechanism and clinical significance. Paraffin sections from clinical samples of EOC (N=104) were immunostained with the CTGF antibody, and then the staining positivity was semiquantitatively examined. Moreover, we explored the role of CTGF expression in the migration-promoting effect on and chemoresistance of EOC cells. The results revealed that of the 104 EOC patients, the low and high CTGF staining expression rates were 65 (62.5%) and 39 (37.5%), respectively. Patients belonging to the higher-level CTGF group showed poorer progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates than those in the lower-level group [PFS (log-rank: P=0.0076) and OS (log-rank: P=0.0078), respectively]. Multivariable analysis showed that CTGF expression was a significant predictor of poorer PFS and OS [PFS: HR (high vs. low): 1.837, 95% CI: 1.023–3.289 (P=0.0418); OS: HR: 2.141, 95% CI: 1.077–4.296 (P=0.0300)]. In in vitro studies, in acquired paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant EOC cells, the silencing of CTGF expression led to the restoration of PTX sensitivity. Furthermore, we confirmed that the TGF-β-dependent migration-promoting effect on these CTGF-depleted cells was completely inhibited. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest the possible involvement of CTGF in the migration-promoting effect and chemoresistance of EOC, suggesting that it may be a target for overcoming the malignant properties of EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Shimbo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tamauchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Yoshikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Nishino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Shiro Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Kaoru Niimi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Jun Sakata
- Department of Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi 464‑8681, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 466‑8550, Japan
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23
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Yao Y, Wang Y, Li L, Xiang X, Li J, Chen J, Liu Z, Huang S, Xiong J, Deng J. Down-regulation of interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein 2 suppresses gastric cancer progression by negatively regulating connective tissue growth factor. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:8076-8089. [PMID: 31559693 PMCID: PMC6851004 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein 2 (IRF2BP2) is a transcriptional repressor involved in regulating gene expression and other biological processes, including tumorigenesis. However, the clinical significance and roles of IRF2BP2 in human gastric cancer (GC) remain uncertain. Clinical GC tissues were obtained from GC patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to detect the IRF2BP2 protein in clinical paraffin specimens. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were evaluated by MTT, colony formation assays and transwell assays. Co-immunoprecipitation was conducted to detect the interaction between TEA domain family members 4 (TEAD4) and vestigial-like family member 4 (VGLL4) or Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1). Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the binding of miR-101-3p to the 3'-UTR. The expression of IRF2BP2 was significantly higher in GC tissues than in normal tissues. Patients with higher IRF2BP2 protein expression had lower survival. IRF2BP2 knockdown inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in GC cells. IRF2BP2 knockdown decreased the mRNA and protein levels of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). The interaction between IRF2BP2 and VGLL4 increased the binding of TEAD4 to YAP1, resulting in the transcriptional coactivation of CTGF. In addition, miR-101-3p suppressed the expression of CTGF by directly targeting the 3'-UTR of IRF2BP2. Taken together, these findings provide a model for the role of miR-101-3p-IRF2BP2-CTGF signalling axis in GC and a novel insight into the mechanism of GC progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Radiotherapy&Chemotherapy Department, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaojun Xiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Junhe Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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24
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The Tumor Microenvironment of Pediatric Sarcoma: Mesenchymal Mechanisms Regulating Cell Migration and Metastasis. Curr Oncol Rep 2019; 21:90. [PMID: 31418125 PMCID: PMC6695368 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-019-0839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review presents a selection of regulatory molecules of tumor microenvironmental properties and metastasis. Signaling pathways controlling mesenchymal biology in bone and soft-tissue sarcomas found in children and adolescents are prioritized. RECENT FINDINGS The tumor microenvironment of pediatric tumors is still relatively unexplored. Highlighted findings are mainly on deregulated genes associated with cell adhesion, migration, and tumor cell dissemination. How these processes are involved in a mesenchymal phenotype and metastasis is further discussed in relation to the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in epithelial tumors. Cell plasticity is emerging as a concept with impact on tumor behavior. Sarcomas belong to a heterogeneous group of tumors where local recurrence and tumor spread pose major challenges despite intense multimodal treatments. Molecular pathways involved in the metastatic process are currently being characterized, and tumor-regulatory properties of structural components, and infiltrating, non-malignant cell types should be further investigated.
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25
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MicroRNA-192-5p Promote the Proliferation and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell by Targeting SEMA3A. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 25:251-260. [PMID: 26580097 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Side population (SP) cells are a small subset of cells isolated from a cultured cancer cell line with characteristics similar to those of cancer stem cells, such as high metastatic and tumorigenic potentials. However, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear for the malignant properties of SP cells. In this study, SP cells were isolated by staining cultured HCCLM3 cells with fluorescent DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342 and sorted by flow cytometry. The proportion of SP cells was 2.79%±0.19% in the HCCLM3 cell line. Compared with non-SP cells, SP cells possessed stronger capability of sphere formation and tumorigenicity, and expressed higher levels of CD133 and CD90. Then, we found that SP cells possessed 25 upregulated and 34 downregulated microRNAs with differences of >3-fold. As one of the upregulated microRNAs, miR-192-5p was computationally predicted to target semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A), a potent suppressor of tumor angiogenesis in various cancer models. Luciferase reporter assay showed that SEMA3A was a direct target of miR-192-5p. Overexpression of miR-192-5p promoted cell proliferation and metastasis targeting SEMA3A in HCCLM3 cells. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that SEMA3A expression was significantly reverse associated with metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. The results indicate that miR-192-5p contributes to targeting SEMA3A in HCCLM3 cells, and this may be used as a target in targeted therapy and a marker for cancer behavior and prognosis.
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26
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Hsieh M, Hsieh BY, Ma CY, Li YT, Liu CS, Lo CM. Protective roles of carbonic anhydrase 8 in Machado-Joseph Disease. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1278-1297. [PMID: 31157458 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD)/Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease that can lead to a regression of motor coordination and muscle control in the extremities. It is known that expansion of CAG repeats encodes abnormally long polyQ in mutant ataxin-3, the disease protein. It is also noted that mutant ataxin-3 interacts with 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (IP3R1) and induces abnormal Ca2+ release. Previously, we have shown a significant increase in the expression of carbonic anhydrase VIII (CA8) in SK-N-SH-MJD78 cells, which are human neuroblastoma cells overexpressing mutant ataxin-3 with 78 glutamine repeats. In the current study, we showed the presence of significantly increased CA8 expression in MJD mouse cerebellum in either early or late disease stage, with a gradual decrease in CA8 expression as the MJD mice naturally aged. By immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation analysis, we also found that CA8 co-localized and interacted with mutant ataxin-3 in SK-N-SH-MJD78 cells harboring overexpressed CA8 (SK-MJD78-CA8). In addition, we found that SK-MJD78-CA8 cells, as well as cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) of MJD transgenic (Tg) mouse with overexpressed CA8, were more resistant to reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress than the control cells. Importantly, overexpression of CA8 in SK-MJD78-CA8 cells and in MJD CGNs rescued abnormal Ca2+ release and caused an increase in cell survival. In summary, we demonstrate the protective function of CA8 in MJD disease models and speculate that the declining expression of CA8 following an initial increased expression may be related to the late onset phenomenon of MJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Hsieh
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Benjamin Y Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Yung Ma
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ting Li
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Vascular and Genomic Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Che-Min Lo
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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27
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Tang H, Tang Z, Jiang Y, Wei W, Lu J. Pathological and therapeutic aspects of matrix metalloproteinases: Implications in osteosarcoma. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2019; 15:218-224. [PMID: 31111666 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common malignant bone tumors in children and adolescents, and the eighth leading form of childhood cancer. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes implicated in certain cancers including OS. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of actions of MMPs in progression of OS, and the therapeutic use of MMPs inhibitors in the treatment of OS with subsequent clinical studies and future management. The expression of MMPs is upregulated in cancer cells by a variety of cytokines and growth factors, and upregulation of MMPs induces degradation of the extracellular matrix that contributes to cell proliferation by releasing growth factors. MMPs promote the detachment and migration of endothelial cells, cross the basement membrane as well as invade the surrounding lymphatic vessels and causes cancer metastasis. The use of selective MMP inhibitors with limited side effects might be promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of OS. More clinical trials are necessary to evaluate the role of selective MMPs inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of OS along with their assessment of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayan Tang
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou, China
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou, China
| | - Weisheng Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou, China
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28
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Chen JK, Peng SF, Lai KC, Liu HC, Huang YP, Lin CC, Huang AC, Chueh FS, Chung JG. Fisetin Suppresses Human Osteosarcoma U-2 OS Cell Migration and Invasion via Affecting FAK, uPA and NF-ĸB Signaling Pathway In Vitro. In Vivo 2019; 33:801-810. [PMID: 31028200 PMCID: PMC6559886 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Evidence has indicated that fisetin induces cytotoxic effects in human cancer cell lines, including the inhibition of cell migration and invasion, however, the exact molecular mechanism of action of fisetin in human osteosarcoma cells remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-metastatic mechanisms of fisetin in human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells were investigated in vitro. RESULTS Fisetin reduced the viability of cells at different concentrations (2.5, 5 and 10 μM) as measured by flow cytometric assay. Fisetin suppressed cell mobility, migration and invasion of U-2 OS cells, as shown by wound healing assay and transwell filter chambers, respectively. The gelatin zymography assay showed that fisetin inhibited MMP-2 activity in U-2 OS cells. Results from western blotting indicated that fisetin reduced the levels of pEGFR, SOS-1, GRB2, Ras, PKC, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, p-p-38, VEGF, FAK, RhoA, PI3K, p-AKT, NF-ĸB, uPA, MMP-7, MMP-9, and MMP-13, but increased GSK3β and E-cadherin in U-2 OS cells after 48 h of treatment. CONCLUSION Fisetin can be used in the future, as a target for the treatment of metastasis of human osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jr-Kai Chen
- Attending Physician of Orthopaedadics, Department of Chang Bing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuang Chi Lai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Life Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Chung Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chin-Chung Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- General Education Center, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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29
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Quantitative relationships between SMAD dynamics and target gene activation kinetics in single live cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5372. [PMID: 30926874 PMCID: PMC6440972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41870-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transduction of extracellular signals through signaling pathways that culminate in a transcriptional response is central to many biological processes. However, quantitative relationships between activities of signaling pathway components and transcriptional output of target genes remain poorly explored. Here we developed a dual bioluminescence imaging strategy allowing simultaneous monitoring of nuclear translocation of the SMAD4 and SMAD2 transcriptional activators upon TGF-β stimulation, and the transcriptional response of the endogenous connective tissue growth factor (ctgf) gene. Using cell lines allowing to vary exogenous SMAD4/2 expression levels, we performed quantitative measurements of the temporal profiles of SMAD4/2 translocation and ctgf transcription kinetics in hundreds of individual cells at high temporal resolution. We found that while nuclear translocation efficiency had little impact on initial ctgf transcriptional activation, high total cellular SMAD4 but not SMAD2 levels increased the probability of cells to exhibit a sustained ctgf transcriptional response. The approach we present here allows time-resolved single cell quantification of transcription factor dynamics and transcriptional responses and thereby sheds light on the quantitative relationship between SMADs and target gene responses.
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30
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Nectin-3 is a new biomarker that mediates the upregulation of MMP2 and MMP9 in ovarian cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 110:139-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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31
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Tsai HC, Chang AC, Tsai CH, Huang YL, Gan L, Chen CK, Liu SC, Huang TY, Fong YC, Tang CH. CCN2 promotes drug resistance in osteosarcoma by enhancing ABCG2 expression. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9297-9307. [PMID: 30317661 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, osteosarcoma survival rates have failed to improve significantly with conventional treatment modalities because of the development of chemotherapeutic resistance. The human breast cancer resistance protein/ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (BCRP/ABCG2), a member of the ATP-binding cassette family, uses ATP hydrolysis to expel xenobiotics and chemotherapeutics from cells. CCN family member 2 (CCN2) is a secreted protein that modulates the biological function of cancer cells, enhanced ABCG2 protein expression and activation in this study via the α6β1 integrin receptor and increased osteosarcoma cell viability. CCN2 treatment downregulated miR-519d expression, which promoted ABCG2 expression. In a mouse xenograft model, knockdown of CCN2 expression increased the therapeutic effect of doxorubicin, which was reversed by ABCG2 overexpression. Our data show that CCN2 increases ABCG2 expression and promotes drug resistance through the α6β1 integrin receptor, whereas CCN2 downregulates miR-519d. CCN2 inhibition may represent a new therapeutic concept in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chi Tsai
- Department of Scientific Education, Qinghai Red Cross Hospital, Qinghai, China
| | - An-Chen Chang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Li Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lijun Gan
- Department of Cardiology, Qinghai Red Cross Hospital, Qinghai, China
| | - Chi-Kuan Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chia Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Yang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yun-Lin County, Taiwan.,Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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32
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Noruzi S, Azizian M, Mohammadi R, Hosseini SA, Rashidi B, Mohamadi Y, Nesaei A, Seiri P, Sahebkar A, Salarinia R, Aghdam AM, Mirzaei H. Micro-RNAs as critical regulators of matrix metalloproteinases in cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8694-8712. [PMID: 30132957 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is known to be one of the important factors associated with cancer-related deaths worldwide. Several cellular and molecular targets are involved in the metastasis process. Among these targets, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play central roles in promoting cancer metastasis. MMPs could contribute toward tumor growth, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion via degradation of the extracellular matrix and activation of pre-pro-growth factors. Therefore, identification of various cellular and molecular pathways that affect MMPs could contribute toward a better understanding of the metastatic pathways involved in various tumors. Micro-RNAs are important targets that could affect MMPs. Multiple lines of evidence have indicated that deregulation of various micro-RNAs, including miR-9, Let-7, miR-10b, and miR-15b, affects metastasis of tumor cells via targeting MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Noruzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran
| | - Mitra Azizian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ftabaculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran
| | - Seyede Atefe Hosseini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran
| | - Bahman Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yousef Mohamadi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Nesaei
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Seiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Salarinia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran
| | - Arad Mobasher Aghdam
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering and Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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33
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Tarr JT, Lambi AG, Bradley JP, Barbe MF, Popoff SN. Development of Normal and Cleft Palate: A Central Role for Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF)/CCN2. J Dev Biol 2018; 6:jdb6030018. [PMID: 30029495 PMCID: PMC6162467 DOI: 10.3390/jdb6030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of the palate is the result of an organized series of events that require exquisite spatial and temporal regulation at the cellular level. There are a myriad of growth factors, receptors and signaling pathways that have been shown to play an important role in growth, elevation and/or fusion of the palatal shelves. Altered expression or activation of a number of these factors, receptors and signaling pathways have been shown to cause cleft palate in humans or mice with varying degrees of penetrance. This review will focus on connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) or CCN2, which was recently shown to play an essential role in formation of the secondary palate. Specifically, the absence of CCN2 in KO mice results in defective cellular processes that contribute to failure of palatal shelf growth, elevation and/or fusion. CCN2 is unique in that it has been shown to interact with a number of other factors important for palate development, including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), epidermal growth factor (EGF), Wnt proteins and transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs), thereby influencing their ability to bind to their receptors and mediate intracellular signaling. The role that these factors play in palate development and their specific interactions with CCN2 will also be reviewed. Future studies to elucidate the precise mechanisms of action for CCN2 and its interactions with other regulatory proteins during palatogenesis are expected to provide novel information with the potential for development of new pharmacologic or genetic treatment strategies for clinical intervention of cleft palate during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Tarr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Alex G Lambi
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - James P Bradley
- Northwell Health Surgical Service Line, Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine, Lake Success, NY 11042, USA.
| | - Mary F Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Steven N Popoff
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Hou CH, Yang RS, Tsao YT. Connective tissue growth factor stimulates osteosarcoma cell migration and induces osteosarcoma metastasis by upregulating VCAM-1 expression. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:71-81. [PMID: 29909077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone malignancy that occurs in the young population. After osteosarcoma cells metastasize to the lung, prognosis is very poor owing to difficulties in early diagnosis and effective treatment. Recently, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was reported to be a critical contributor to osteosarcoma metastasis. However, the detailed mechanism associated with CTGF-directed migration in bone neoplasms is still mostly unknown. Through the in vivo and in vitro examination of osteosarcoma cells, this study suggests that VCAM-1 up-regulation and increased osteosarcoma cell migration are involved in this process. Antagonizing αvβ3 integrin inhibited cell migration. Moreover, FAK, PI3K, Akt and NF-κB activation were also shown to be involved in CTGF-mediated osteosarcoma metastasis. Taken together, CTGF promotes VCAM-1 production and further induces osteosarcoma metastasis via the αvβ3 integrin/FAK/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway, which could represent a promising clinical target to improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Han Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, NO 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Rong-Sen Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, NO 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Tsao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, NO 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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35
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Zhao C, He X, Li H, Zhou J, Han X, Wang D, Tian G, Sui F. Downregulation of TACC3 inhibits tumor growth and migration in osteosarcoma cells through regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6881-6886. [PMID: 29725420 PMCID: PMC5920203 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TACC3, a member of the transforming acidic coiled-coil protein (TACC) family, is a multifunctional protein that is involved in various biological functions, including proliferation and differentiation of tumor cells, cancer progression and metastasis. The aims of the present study were to examine whether TACC3 expression is associated with the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma (OS) cells and to investigate the potential underlying molecular mechanisms of TACC3 in OS. First, the levels of mRNA and protein expression in OS cell lines by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively were examined. Second, the effects of TACC3 knockdown and overexpression on the proliferative, migratory and invasive capacities of OS cells were investigated. Finally, western blot analysis was employed to detect the potential mechanism of TACC3 in osteosarcoma. TACC3 expression was significantly increased in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines, compared to matched controls. The knockdown of TACC3 was able to significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells, whereas the overexpression of TACC3 was able to promote cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, TACC3 may promote the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells via through nuclear factor-κB signaling. These data suggest that TACC3 has an important part in the progression of osteosarcoma and may serve as a potential target for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congran Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163453, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng He
- Department of Orthopedics, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163453, P.R. China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163453, P.R. China
| | - Jihui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163453, P.R. China
| | - Xiuying Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163453, P.R. China
| | - Dongjun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163453, P.R. China
| | - Guofeng Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163453, P.R. China
| | - Fuge Sui
- Department of Orthopedics, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163453, P.R. China
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36
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Yang CN, Wu MF, Liu CC, Jung WH, Chang YC, Lee WP, Shiao YJ, Wu CL, Liou HH, Lin SK, Chan CC. Differential protective effects of connective tissue growth factor against Aβ neurotoxicity on neurons and glia. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:3909-3921. [PMID: 29016849 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired clearance of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) leads to abnormal extracellular accumulation of this neurotoxic protein that drives neurodegeneration in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) expression is elevated in plaque-surrounding astrocytes in AD patients. However, the role of CTGF in AD pathogenesis remains unclear. Here we characterized the neuroprotective activity of CTGF. We found that CTGF facilitated Aβ uptake and subsequent degradation within primary glia and neuroblastoma cells. CTGF enhanced extracellular Aβ degradation via membrane-bound matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP14) in glia and extracellular MMP13 in neurons. In the brain of a Drosophila AD model, glial-expression of CTGF reduced Aβ deposits, improved locomotor function, and rescued memory deficits. Neuroprotective potential of CTGF against Aβ42-induced photoreceptor degeneration was disrupted through silencing MMPs. Therefore, CTGF may represent a node for potential AD therapeutics as it intervenes in glia-neuron communication via specific MMPs to alleviate Aβ neurotoxicity in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ning Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Fang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chih Liu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Jung
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Pao Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Young-Ji Shiao
- Division of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Huei Liou
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sze-Kwan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Chan
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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37
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Yan L, Wu X, Yin X, Du F, Liu Y, Ding X. LncRNA CCAT2 promoted osteosarcoma cell proliferation and invasion. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2592-2599. [PMID: 29502343 PMCID: PMC5908115 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) plays important roles in tumour progression. Accumulating studies demonstrated that lncRNA colon cancer‐associated transcript 2 (CCAT2) acted as an oncogene in many tumours. However, the role of CCAT2 in the development of osteosarcoma has not been elucidated. In our study, we indicated that CCAT2 expression was up‐regulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines (SOSP‐9607, MG‐63, U2OS and SAOS‐2). In addition, osteosarcoma cases with higher CCAT2 expression had a poorer disease‐free survival and shorter the overall survival time compared to those with lower expression. Overexpression of CCAT2 promoted osteosarcoma cell proliferation, invasion and cell cycle. Furthermore, ectopic expression of CCAT2 increased the expression of mesenchymal markers N‐cadherin, vimentin and snail and reduced the expression of N‐cadherin marker E‐cadherin. CCAT2 overexpression promoted the LATS2 and c‐Myc expression in osteosarcoma cell. These data indicated that CCAT2 served as an oncogene in osteosarcoma and promoted osteosarcoma cell proliferation, cell cycle and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Yan
- Department of Oncology, The Nanyang Second People's Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Xiangkun Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Nanyang Second People's Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Xianzhe Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Nanyang Second People's Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Feng Du
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Nanyang Second People's Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Yongxi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Nanyang Second People's Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Xunmeng Ding
- Department of Oncology, The Nanyang Second People's Hospital, Nanyang, China
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38
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Huang Z, Li J, Du S, Tang Y, Huang L, Xiao L, Tong P. FKBP14 overexpression contributes to osteosarcoma carcinogenesis and indicates poor survival outcome. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39872-39884. [PMID: 27223089 PMCID: PMC5129977 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The FK506-binding protein 14 (FKBP14) is a subfamily of immunophilins, has been implicated in various biochemical processes. However, its effects on the primary malignant bone tumor, osteosarcoma, are unclear. Here, we reported that FKBP14 may be an oncogene as it overexpressed in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines, and FKBP14 expression was correlated with metastases, recurrence, tumor maximum diameter and poor survival time. FKBP14 was associated with the biological pathways including cell cycle, apoptosis and metastasis. Furthermore, we detected FKBP14 knockdown induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, invasion and adhesion in vitro. FKBP14 knockdown decreased the protein levels of PCNA, CDK1 and CCNB1 that promotes cell cycle, increased Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-7 protein involved in promoting cell apoptosis, and increased KIF4A expression as well as decreased SMC4 and TMEM33 proteins that contribute to cell invasion and adhesion. In addition, FKBP14 knockdown also caused a significant inhibition in tumor growth in vivo. Then, we found that the protein RhoA was identified as a binding partner of FKBP14. Taken together, FKBP14 may act as an oncogene in osteosarcoma via suppressing apoptosis and promoting invasion and adhesion in osteosarcoma carcinogenesis. FKBP14 may be a prognostic factor and potential target for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiaoshan Chinese Medical Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Junhua Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiaoshan Chinese Medical Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shaohua Du
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yanghua Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiaoshan Chinese Medical Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ligang Huang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Luwei Xiao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Peijian Tong
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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39
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Yang J, Lv X, Chen J, Xie C, Xia W, Jiang C, Zeng T, Ye Y, Ke L, Yu Y, Liang H, Guan XY, Guo X, Xiang Y. CCL2-CCR2 axis promotes metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by activating ERK1/2-MMP2/9 pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 7:15632-47. [PMID: 26701209 PMCID: PMC4941266 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis remains the major failure of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, the roles of chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), and its receptor chemokine C-C motif receptor type 2 (CCR2) on NPC metastasis were investigated. Serum CCL2 and CCL2/CCR2 expression level were remarkably increased in NPC patients compared to non-tumor patients by ELISA and IHC analyses. High expressions of CCL2/CCR2 were significantly associated with NPC metastasis and poor overall survival (OS). High expression of CCR2 is an independent adverse prognostic factor of OS and distant metastasis free survival (DMFS). Overexpressions of CCL2 and CCR2 were detected in high-metastatic NPC cell lines. Upregulating CCL2 and CCR2 respectively in low-metastatic NPC cell lines could promote cell migration and invasion, and exogenous CCL2 enhanced the motility in CCR2-overexpressing cells. On the other hand, downregulating CCL2 and CCR2 respectively in high-metastatic NPC cell lines by shRNA could decrease cell migration and invasion. However, exogenous CCL2 could not rescue the weaken ability of motility of CCR2-silencing cells. In nude mouse model, distant metastasis was significantly facilitated in either CCL2-overexpressing or CCR2-overexpressing groups, which was more obvious in CCR2-overexpressing group. Also, distant metastasis was considerably inhibited in either CCL2-silencing or CCR2-silencing groups. Dual overexpression of CCL2/CCR2 could activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signaling pathway, which sequentially induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9 upregulations in the downstream. In conclusion, CCL2-CCR2 axis could promote NPC metastasis by activating ERK1/2-MMP2/9 pathway. This study helps to develop novel therapeutic targets for distant metastasis in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinna Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Changqing Xie
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Vidant Medical Center, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Weixiong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangru Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yahui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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40
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Yu X, Zheng H, Chan MTV, Wu WKK. Modulation of chemoresponsiveness to platinum-based agents by microRNAs in cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:1769-1778. [PMID: 28979802 PMCID: PMC5622214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer accounts for the highest mortality among all gynecologic cancers. Cytoreductive surgery followed by chemotherapy with a platinum-based agent (cisplatin or carboplatin) plus paclitaxel is the first-line option for treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. However, primary or acquired resistance to platinum-based agents is a major clinical challenge. MicroRNAs are a group of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and may function as oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes through extensive crosstalk with intracellular signaling pathways. Importantly, their dysregulation has been implicated in ovarian tumorigenesis. Pertinent to chemotherapy, increasing evidence has revealed that miRNAs can be directly linked to chemosensitivity to platinum-based agents in ovarian cancer. In this review, we summarize current evidence concerning the role of miRNAs in prediction and modulation of cellular responses to cisplatin and carboplatin in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, 100042, China
| | - Heyi Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, 100042, China
| | - Matthew TV Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - William KK Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
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41
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TNFAIP8 interacts with LATS1 and promotes aggressiveness through regulation of Hippo pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15689-15703. [PMID: 28152516 PMCID: PMC5362516 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although TNFAIP8 overexpression has been implicated in several human cancers, its clinical significance and biological function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. Our study demonstrated that TNFAIP8 overexpression in primary HCC samples correlated with TNM stage, recurrence, poor prognosis and served as an independent favorable prognostic factor. We further showed that TNFAIP8 upregulated cell proliferation, migration, invasion and xenograft tumor growth of HCC cells. In addition, TNFAIP8 overexpression inhibited YAP phosphorylation, increased its nuclear localization and stabilization, leading to upregulation of cyclin proteins, CTGF and cell proliferation. We also found that TNFAIP8 could interact with LATS1 and decreased its phosphorylation. Depletion of LATS1 and YAP by siRNA blocked the biological effects of TNFAIP8. Collectively, the present study provides a novel finding that TNFAIP8 promotes HCC progression through LATS1-YAP signaling pathway. TNFAIP8 may serve as a candidate biomarker for poor prognosis and a target for new therapies.
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42
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Sang XB, Zong ZH, Wang LL, Wu DD, Chen S, Liu BL, Zhao Y. E2F-1 targets miR-519d to regulate the expression of the ras homolog gene family member C. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14777-14793. [PMID: 28146423 PMCID: PMC5362443 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
E2F1 (E2F transcription factor 1) can act as a tumor suppressor or oncogene. We report the molecular mechanism of E2F1 in ovarian carcinoma tumorigenesis and progression. E2F1 expression levels in ovarian carcinoma tissue were examined by immunohistochemistry. After E2F1 plasmid transfection and E2F1-microRNA-519d (miR-519d)/si-RhoC (Ras homolog gene family member C) co-transfection, ovarian cancer cell phenotypes and the related molecules were examined in vitro and in vivo. E2F1 was overexpressed in type I and type II ovarian carcinoma as compared to normal ovary tissues and normal fallopian tube tissues, respectively. E2F1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation, G1–S progression, survival, migration, and invasion in vitro; miR-519d or siRhoC co-transfection reversed E2F1 oncogenic effects. E2F1 overexpression promoted tumor growth in vivo; miR-519d overexpression inhibited it. E2F1 overexpression increased RhoC, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, survivin, MMP2 (matrix metalloproteinase 2), MMP9, STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), and HuR (ELAV-like RNA-binding protein 1) expression; miR-519d overexpression decreased their expression. E2F1 downregulated miR-519d directly and miR-519d downregulated RhoC directly. Conversely, miR-519d directly downregulated E2F1, There is a direct repressive regulatory loop between E2F1 and miR-519d. We provide evidence that E2F1/miR-519d/RhoC is a promising signaling pathway for diagnosing and treating ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Bo Sang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Wu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Liang Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P. R. China
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43
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Wang X, Xu T, Gao F, He H, Zhu Y, Shen Z. Targeting of CCN2 suppresses tumor progression and improves chemo-sensitivity in urothelial bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66316-66327. [PMID: 29029514 PMCID: PMC5630414 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is the most common urinary neoplasm in China. CCN family protein 2 (CCN2), a cysteine-rich matricellular protein, is abnormally expressed in several cancer types and involved in tumor progression or chemo-resistance. However, detailed expression patterns and effects of CCN2 in UBC still remain unknown. We found that down-regulation of CCN2 suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion of UBC cells in vitro and targeting of CCN2 decelerated xenograft growth in vivo. When treated with mitomycin C (MMC), CCN2-scilencing UBC cells showed lower survival and higher apoptotic rates and these effects were probably mediated via inactivation of Akt and Erk pathways. We also demonstrated the clinical significance of CCN2 expression, which was higher in UBC tissues and associated with advanced tumor stage and high pathologic grade. Taken together, our data suggest that CCN2 is an oncogene in UBC and might serve as a matricellular target for improving chemotherapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyuan Xu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengbin Gao
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongchao He
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhoujun Shen
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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44
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Sechler M, Parrish JK, Birks DK, Jedlicka P. The histone demethylase KDM3A, and its downstream target MCAM, promote Ewing Sarcoma cell migration and metastasis. Oncogene 2017; 36:4150-4160. [PMID: 28319067 PMCID: PMC5519422 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ewing Sarcoma is the second most common solid pediatric malignant neoplasm of bone and soft tissue. Driven by EWS/Ets, or rarely variant, oncogenic fusions, Ewing Sarcoma is a biologically and clinically aggressive disease with a high propensity for metastasis. However, the mechanisms underpinning Ewing Sarcoma metastasis are currently not well understood. In the present study, we identify and characterize a novel metastasis-promotional pathway in Ewing Sarcoma, involving the histone demethylase KDM3A, previously identified by our laboratory as a new cancer-promoting gene in this disease. Using global gene expression profiling, we show that KDM3A positively regulates genes and pathways implicated in cell migration and metastasis, and demonstrate, using functional assays, that KDM3A promotes migration in vitro and experimental, post-intravasation, metastasis in vivo. We further identify the melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) as a novel KDM3A target gene in Ewing Sarcoma, and an important effector of KDM3A pro-metastatic action. Specifically, we demonstrate that MCAM depletion, like KDM3A depletion, inhibits cell migration in vitro and experimental metastasis in vivo, and that MCAM partially rescues impaired migration due to KDM3A knock-down. Mechanistically, we show that KDM3A regulates MCAM expression both through a direct mechanism, involving modulation of H3K9 methylation at the MCAM promoter, and an indirect mechanism, via the Ets1 transcription factor. Finally, we identify an association between high MCAM levels in patient tumors and poor survival, in two different Ewing Sarcoma clinical cohorts. Taken together, our studies uncover a new metastasis-promoting pathway in Ewing Sarcoma, with therapeutically targetable components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marybeth Sechler
- Cancer Biology Graduate Training Program
- University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
| | - Janet K. Parrish
- Department of Pathology
- University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
| | - Diane K. Birks
- Department of Neurosurgery
- University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
| | - Paul Jedlicka
- Cancer Biology Graduate Training Program
- Department of Pathology
- University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
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45
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Wu X, Yan L, Liu Y, Xian W, Wang L, Ding X. MicroRNA-448 suppresses osteosarcoma cell proliferation and invasion through targeting EPHA7. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175553. [PMID: 28604772 PMCID: PMC5467824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of malignant bone tumor, often affecting adolescents and children. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small, non-protein coding, endogenous RNAs that play critical roles in osteosarcoma tumorigenesis. In our study, we demonstrated that miR-448 expression was downregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-448 suppressed osteosarcoma cell proliferation, colony formation and migration. Moreover, we found that EPHA7 was a direct target gene of miR-448 in osteosarcoma cells. We further demonstrated that the EPHA7 expression level was upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues. Interestingly, the expression level of EPHA7 was inversely correlated with the expression level of miR-448 in osteosarcoma tissues. In addition, elevated expression of miR-448 suppressed osteosarcoma cell proliferation and invasion through targeting EPHA7. Taken together, these findings suggest that miR-448 functioned as a tumor suppressor gene in the development of osteosarcoma through targeting EPHA7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanyang Second People's Hospital, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Lihua Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanyang Second People's Hospital, Nanyang, Henan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yongxi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanyang Second People's Hospital, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Wenfeng Xian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanyang Second People's Hospital, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Liuyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanyang Second People's Hospital, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Xunmeng Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanyang Second People's Hospital, Nanyang, Henan, China
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46
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Hou J, Zhou J. WWC3 downregulation correlates with poor prognosis and inhibition of Hippo signaling in human gastric cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:2931-2942. [PMID: 28652775 PMCID: PMC5476718 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s124790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological significance and biological roles of WWC3 in human gastric cancer (GC). Clinical significance of WWC3 in human GCs was examined by using immunohistochemistry (IHC). WWC3 was downregulated in 48 of 111 human GCs, and its downregulation was associated with advanced stage, positive nodal status, and higher relapse rate. Importantly, WWC3 downregulation correlated with poor survival. It was also found that WWC3 protein expression was downregulated in GC cell lines compared with normal cell line GES-1. On one hand, WWC3 overexpression inhibited the cell growth rate and invading ability in HGC-27 cell line. On the other hand, depleting WWC3 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) promoted proliferation rate and invading ability in the SGC-7901 cell line. In addition, cell cycle analysis showed that WWC3 overexpression inhibited while its depletion accelerated cell cycle progression at the G1/S transition. Western blot (WB) analysis demonstrated that WWC3 repressed cyclin D1 and cyclin E while upregulated p27 expression. Luciferase reporter assay showed that WWC3 activated Hippo signaling pathway by suppressing TEAD transcription activity, with downregulation of total and nuclear YAP and its target CTGF. WWC3 siRNA depletion exhibited the opposite effects. In conclusion, this study indicates that WWC3 serves as a tumor suppressor in GC by activating Hippo signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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47
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Wang S, Ren T, Jiao G, Huang Y, Bao X, Zhang F, Liu K, Zheng B, Sun K, Guo W. BMPR2 promotes invasion and metastasis via the RhoA-ROCK-LIMK2 pathway in human osteosarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:58625-58641. [PMID: 28938584 PMCID: PMC5601680 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) has been identified in several types of cancer. However, its role in osteosarcoma is largely unknown. We systematically investigated the role of BMPR2 in osteosarcoma cell lines, human tissue samples and xenograft models. The relationship between BMPR2 expression and osteosarcoma patients' survival was investigated by bioinformatics and clinical data. Wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to detect the changes of cell migration and invasion ability after BMPR2 transfection. In addition, downstream phosphoproteins were analyzed by iTRAQ-based phosphoproteomic analysis and verified by western blotting. In vivo, the effects of BMPR2 on the growth, formation and metastasis of 143B cells were observed by orthotopic transplantation of nude mice. Here, we demonstrated that BMPR2 expression was elevated in a majority of osteosarcoma tissues compared with normal bone tissue. Osteosarcoma patients with greater BMPR2 expressing level showed a poor overall survival. The depletion of BMPR2 in 143B cells markedly reduced the invasive capacity in vitro and metastatic potential in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that LIM domain kinase 2 (LIMK2) was phosphorylated and activated by BMPR2 and that this event was crucial for activation of the BMPR2-mediated signal pathway in osteosarcoma cells. Additionally, we demonstrated that BMPR2 could active LIMK2 through the RhoA/ROCK pathway and could also interact with LIMK2 directly. Taken together, our study revealed that BMPR2 functions as a prometastatic oncogene in vitro and in vivo with the activation of the RhoA-ROCK-LIMK2 pathway and may represent a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Wang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Guangjun Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xing Bao
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Kuisheng Liu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Bingxin Zheng
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Kunkun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, China
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48
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Jin C, Feng Y, Ni Y, Shan Z. MicroRNA-610 suppresses osteosarcoma oncogenicity via targeting TWIST1 expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56174-56184. [PMID: 28915582 PMCID: PMC5593553 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primary bone tumor affects adolescents and young adults. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding and endogenous RNAs that played as important roles in the initiation and progression of tumors. In this study, we try to explore the biological function and expression of miR-610 in the osteosarcoma. We showed that miR-610 expression was downregulated in the osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. Elevated expression of miR-610 suppressed the osteosarcoma cell proliferation, cell cycle, invasion and EMT program. Moreover, overexpression of miR-610 increased sensitivity of MG-63 and U2OS cells to cisplatin. Twist1 was identified as a direct target gene of miR-610 in the osteosarcoma cell. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Twist1 was upregulated in the osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. The expression of Twist1 was negatively associated with the expression of miR-610 expression in the osteosarcoma tissues. Ectopic expression of Twist1 inhibited the sensitivity of miR-610-overexpressing MG-63 cells to cisplatin. We also showed that overexpression of Twist1 increased the proliferation and invasion of miR-610-overexpressing MG-63 cells. These data indicated that ectopic expression of miR-610 suppressed the osteosarcoma cell proliferation, cell cylce, invasion and increased the sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to cisplatin through targeting the Twist1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Jin
- The Third Department of Orthopaedics, Central Hospital of Cangzhou City, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Yongjian Feng
- The Fourth Department of Orthopaedics, Central Hospital of Cangzhou City, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Yongjian Ni
- The Third Department of Orthopaedics, Central Hospital of Cangzhou City, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Zhonglin Shan
- The Third Department of Orthopaedics, Central Hospital of Cangzhou City, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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49
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Sirohi VK, Popli P, Sankhwar P, Kaushal JB, Gupta K, Manohar M, Dwivedi A. Curcumin exhibits anti-tumor effect and attenuates cellular migration via Slit-2 mediated down-regulation of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 44:60-70. [PMID: 28402926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although curcumin shows anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities in various cancers, the effect of curcumin on cellular migration in endometrial adenocarcinoma cells remains to be understood. The current investigation was aimed to explore the anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects of curcumin and its mechanism of action in endometrial cancer cells. Our in-vitro and in-vivo experimental studies showed that curcumin inhibited the proliferation of endometrial cancer cells and suppressed the tumor growth in Ishikawa xenograft mouse model. Curcumin induced ROS-mediated apoptosis in endometrial cancer cells. Curcumin suppressed the migration rate of Ishikawa and Hec-1B cells as analyzed by scratch wound assay. In transwell migration studies, knock down of Slit-2 reversed the anti-migratory effect of curcumin in these cell lines. Curcumin significantly up-regulated the expression of Slit-2 in Ishikawa, Hec-1B and primary endometrial cancer cells while it down-regulated the expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and CXCR4 which in turn, suppressed the expression of matrix metallopeptidases (MMP) 2 and 9, thus attenuating the migration of endometrial cancer cells. In summary, we have demonstrated that curcumin has inhibitory effect on cellular migration via Slit-2 mediated down-regulation of CXCR4, SDF-1, and MMP2/MMP9 in endometrial carcinoma cells. These findings helped explore the role of Slit-2 in endometrial cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Sirohi
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, U.P., India
| | - Pooja Popli
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, U.P., India
| | - Pushplata Sankhwar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow-226001, U.P., India
| | - Jyoti Bala Kaushal
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, U.P., India
| | - Kanchan Gupta
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, U.P., India
| | - Murli Manohar
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, U.P., India
| | - Anila Dwivedi
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, U.P., India.
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50
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Zhang S, Liu L, Lv Z, Li Q, Gong W, Wu H. MicroRNA-342-3p Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Osteosarcoma Cells by Targeting Astrocyte-Elevated Gene-1 (AEG-1). Oncol Res 2017; 25:1505-1515. [PMID: 28276315 PMCID: PMC7841055 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x14886485417426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators in many types of cancer, including osteosarcoma. miR-342-3p has emerged as an important cancer-related miRNA in several types of cancers. However, the functional significance of miR-342-3p in osteosarcoma is unknown. The aims of this study were to investigate whether miR-342-3p is dysregulated in osteosarcoma and to explore the biological function of miR-342-3p in regulating cellular processes of osteosarcoma cells. We found that miR-342-3p expression was significantly decreased in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-342-3p inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. In contrast, the inhibition of miR-342-3p exhibited the opposite effect. Astrocyte-elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) was identified as one of the target genes of miR-342-3p in osteosarcoma cells by bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assay, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis. Overexpression of miR-342-3p also inhibited the Wnt and nuclear factor κB signaling pathways. Moreover, overexpression of AEG-1 partially rescued the inhibitory effects of miR-342-3p mediated on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Overall, our results show that miR-342-3p inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells through targeting AEG-1, suggesting a potential target for the development of miRNA-based therapy for osteosarcoma.
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