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Chattopadhyay PK. Molecular cytometry for comprehensive immune profiling. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 186:249-270. [PMID: 38705602 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Molecular cytometry refers to a group of high-parameter technologies for single-cell analysis that share the following traits: (1) combined (multimodal) measurement of protein and transcripts, (2) medium throughput (10-100K cells), and (3) the use of oligonucleotide-tagged antibodies to detect protein expression. The platform can measure over 100 proteins and either hundreds of targeted genes or the whole transcriptome, on a cell-by-cell basis. It is currently one of the most powerful technologies available for immune monitoring. Here, we describe the technology platform (which includes CITE-Seq, REAP-Seq, and AbSeq), provide guidance for its optimization, and discuss advantages and limitations. Finally, we provide some vignettes from studies that demonstrate the application and potential insight that can be gained from molecular cytometry studies.
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Chen X, Wong OK, Reiman L, Sherbenou DW, Post L. CD38 x ICAM-1 Bispecific Antibody Is a Novel Approach for Treating Multiple Myeloma and Lymphoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:127-138. [PMID: 37816503 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) is a well-validated target for treating multiple myeloma. Although anti-CD38 mAbs have demonstrated outstanding initial responses in patients with multiple myeloma, nearly all patients eventually develop resistance and relapse. In addition, currently approved CD38 targeting therapies have failed to show monotherapy efficacy in lymphomas, where CD38 expression is present but at lower levels. To effectively target CD38 on tumor cells, we generated an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) enhanced bispecific CD38 x intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) antibody, VP301. This bispecific antibody targets unique epitopes on CD38 and ICAM-1 on tumor cells with reduced red blood cell binding compared with the benchmark CD38 antibody daratumumab. VP301 demonstrated potent ADCC and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis activities on a selected set of myeloma and lymphoma cell lines even those with low CD38 expression. In an ex vivo drug sensitivity assay, we observed responses to VP301 in multiple myeloma primary samples from relapsed/refractory patients. Moreover, VP301 demonstrated potent tumor inhibition activities in in vivo myeloma and lymphoma models. Interestingly, combination of VP301 with the immunomodulatory drug, lenalidomide, led to synergistic antitumor growth activity in an in vivo efficacy study. In conclusion, the CD38 x ICAM-1 bispecific antibody VP301 demonstrated promising efficacy and specificity toward CD38+ and ICAM-1+ tumor cells and represents a novel approach for treating multiple myeloma and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oi Kwan Wong
- Virtuoso Therapeutics, Inc., San Mateo, California
| | - Lauren Reiman
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Daniel W Sherbenou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Leonard Post
- Virtuoso Therapeutics, Inc., San Mateo, California
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Baumann N, Arndt C, Petersen J, Lustig M, Rösner T, Klausz K, Kellner C, Bultmann M, Bastian L, Vogiatzi F, Leusen JHW, Burger R, Schewe DM, Peipp M, Valerius T. Myeloid checkpoint blockade improves killing of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells by an IgA2 variant of daratumumab. Front Immunol 2022; 13:949140. [PMID: 36052078 PMCID: PMC9427194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.949140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based immunotherapy is increasingly employed to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. Many T-ALL cells express CD38 on their surface, which can be targeted by the CD38 antibody daratumumab (DARA), approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Tumor cell killing by myeloid cells is relevant for the efficacy of many therapeutic antibodies and can be more efficacious with human IgA than with IgG antibodies. This is demonstrated here by investigating antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) by macrophages and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) by polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells using DARA (human IgG1) and an IgA2 isotype switch variant (DARA-IgA2) against T-ALL cell lines and primary patient-derived tumor cells. ADCP and ADCC are negatively regulated by interactions between CD47 on tumor cells and signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) on effector cells. In order to investigate the impact of this myeloid checkpoint on T-ALL cell killing, CD47 and glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase like (QPCTL) knock-out T-ALL cells were employed. QPTCL is an enzymatic posttranslational modifier of CD47 activity, which can be targeted by small molecule inhibitors. Additionally, we used an IgG2σ variant of the CD47 blocking antibody magrolimab, which is in advanced clinical development. Moreover, treatment of T-ALL cells with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) increased CD38 expression leading to further enhanced ADCP and ADCC, particularly when DARA-IgA2 was applied. These studies demonstrate that myeloid checkpoint blockade in combination with IgA2 variants of CD38 antibodies deserves further evaluation for T-ALL immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Baumann
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Arndt
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Judith Petersen
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marta Lustig
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thies Rösner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Klausz
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian- Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Kellner
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Miriam Bultmann
- Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lorenz Bastian
- Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fotini Vogiatzi
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jeanette H. W. Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Renate Burger
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Denis M. Schewe
- Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian- Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- *Correspondence: Thomas Valerius,
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Krohn S, Boje AS, Gehlert CL, Lutz S, Darzentas N, Knecht H, Herrmann D, Brüggemann M, Scheidig AJ, Weisel K, Gramatzki M, Peipp M, Klausz K. Identification of New Antibodies Targeting Malignant Plasma Cells for Immunotherapy by Next-Generation Sequencing-Assisted Phage Display. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908093. [PMID: 35784366 PMCID: PMC9248769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify new antibodies for the treatment of plasma cell disorders including multiple myeloma (MM), a single-chain Fragment variable (scFv) antibody library was generated by immunizing mice with patient-derived malignant plasma cells. To enrich antibodies binding myeloma antigens, phage display with cellular panning was performed. After depleting the immune library with leukocytes of healthy donors, selection of antibodies was done with L-363 plasma cell line in two consecutive panning rounds. Monitoring the antibodies’ enrichment throughout the panning by next-generation sequencing (NGS) identified several promising candidates. Initially, 41 unique scFv antibodies evolving from different B cell clones were selected. Nine of these antibodies strongly binding to myeloma cells and weakly binding to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were characterized. Using stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing individual myeloma-associated antigens revealed that two antibodies bind CD38 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), respectively, and 7 antibodies target yet unknown antigens. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of our new antibodies, in a first proof-of-concept study the CD38 binding scFv phage antibody was converted into a chimeric IgG1. Further analyses revealed that #5-CD38-IgG1 shared an overlapping epitope with daratumumab and isatuximab and had potent anti-myeloma activity comparable to the two clinically approved CD38 antibodies. These results indicate that by phage display and deep sequencing, new antibodies with therapeutic potential for MM immunotherapy can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Krohn
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ammelie Svea Boje
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carina Lynn Gehlert
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lutz
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nikos Darzentas
- Unit for Hematological Diagnostics, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Henrik Knecht
- Unit for Hematological Diagnostics, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dietrich Herrmann
- Unit for Hematological Diagnostics, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Monika Brüggemann
- Unit for Hematological Diagnostics, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Axel J. Scheidig
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Weisel
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) with Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Gramatzki
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Klausz
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- *Correspondence: Katja Klausz,
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Advances of research of Fc-fusion protein that activate NK cells for tumor immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108783. [PMID: 35561479 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of bioengineering technology has introduced Fc-fusion proteins, representing a novel kind of recombinant protein, as promising biopharmaceutical products in tumor therapy. Numerous related anti-tumor Fc-fusion proteins have been investigated and are in different stages of development. Fc-fusion proteins are constructed by fusing the Fc-region of the antibody with functional proteins or peptides. They retain the bioactivity of the latter and partial properties of the former. This structural and functional advantage makes Fc-fusion proteins an effective tool in tumor immunotherapy, especially for the recruitment and activation of natural killer (NK) cells, which play a critical role in tumor immunotherapy. Even though tumor cells have developed mechanisms to circumvent the cytotoxic effect of NK cells or induce defective NK cells, Fc-fusion proteins have been proven to effectively activate NK cells to kill tumor cells in different ways, such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), activate NK cells in different ways in order to promote killing of tumor cells. In this review, we focus on NK cell-based immunity for cancers and current research progress of the Fc-fusion proteins for anti-tumor therapy by activating NK cells.
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van der Horst HJ, Nijhof IS, Mutis T, Chamuleau MED. Fc-Engineered Antibodies with Enhanced Fc-Effector Function for the Treatment of B-Cell Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3041. [PMID: 33086644 PMCID: PMC7603375 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has rapidly changed the field of cancer therapy. In 1997, the CD20-targeting mAb rituximab was the first mAb to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of cancer. Within two decades, dozens of mAbs entered the clinic for treatment of several hematological cancers and solid tumors, and numerous more are under clinical investigation. The success of mAbs as cancer therapeutics lies in their ability to induce various cytotoxic machineries against specific targets. These cytotoxic machineries include antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), which are all mediated via the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of mAbs. In this review article, we will outline the novel approaches of engineering these Fc domains of mAbs to enhance their Fc-effector function and thereby their anti-tumor potency, with specific focus to summarize their (pre-) clinical status for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), and multiple myeloma (MM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilma J. van der Horst
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.S.N.); (T.M.); (M.E.D.C.)
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Sherbenou DW, Su Y, Behrens CR, Aftab BT, Perez de Acha O, Murnane M, Bearrows SC, Hann BC, Wolf JL, Martin TG, Liu B. Potent Activity of an Anti-ICAM1 Antibody-Drug Conjugate against Multiple Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:6028-6038. [PMID: 32917735 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE New therapies have changed the outlook for patients with multiple myeloma, but novel agents are needed for patients who are refractory or relapsed on currently approved drug classes. Novel targets other than CD38 and BCMA are needed for new immunotherapy development, as resistance to daratumumab and emerging anti-BCMA approaches appears inevitable. One potential target of interest in myeloma is ICAM1. Naked anti-ICAM1 antibodies were active in preclinical models of myeloma and safe in patients, but showed limited clinical efficacy. Here, we sought to achieve improved targeting of multiple myeloma with an anti-ICAM1 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Our anti-ICAM1 human mAb was conjugated to an auristatin derivative, and tested against multiple myeloma cell lines in vitro, orthotopic xenografts in vivo, and patient samples ex vivo. The expression of ICAM1 was also measured by quantitative flow cytometry in patients spanning from diagnosis to the daratumumab-refractory state. RESULTS The anti-ICAM1 ADC displayed potent anti-myeloma cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we have verified that ICAM1 is highly expressed on myeloma cells and shown that its expression is further accentuated by the presence of bone marrow microenvironmental factors. In primary samples, ICAM1 is differentially overexpressed on multiple myeloma cells compared with normal cells, including daratumumab-refractory patients with decreased CD38. In addition, ICAM1-ADC showed selective cytotoxicity in multiple myeloma primary samples. CONCLUSIONS We propose that anti-ICAM1 ADC should be further studied for toxicity, and if safe, tested for clinical efficacy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Sherbenou
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, California.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California at San Francisco, California
| | | | - Blake T Aftab
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, California.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Olivia Perez de Acha
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Megan Murnane
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, California
| | - Shelby C Bearrows
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Byron C Hann
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeffery L Wolf
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas G Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, California
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California at San Francisco, California. .,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
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Klausz K, Cieker M, Kellner C, Rösner T, Otte A, Krohn S, Lux A, Nimmerjahn F, Valerius T, Gramatzki M, Peipp M. Fc-engineering significantly improves the recruitment of immune effector cells by anti-ICAM-1 antibody MSH-TP15 for myeloma therapy. Haematologica 2020; 106:1857-1866. [PMID: 32499243 PMCID: PMC8252953 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.251371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite several therapeutic advances, patients with multiple myeloma (MM) require additional treatment options since no curative therapy exists yet. In search of a novel therapeutic antibody, we previously applied phage display with myeloma cell screening and developed TP15, a scFv targeting intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1/CD54). To more precisely evaluate the antibody's modes of action, fully human IgG1 antibody variants were generated bearing wild-type (MSH-TP15) or mutated Fc to either enhance (MSH-TP15 Fc-eng.) or prevent (MSH-TP15 Fc k.o.) Fc gamma receptor binding. Especially MSH-TP15 Fc-eng. induced potent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against malignant plasma cells by efficiently recruiting NK cells and engaged macrophages for antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) of tumor cells. Binding studies with truncated ICAM-1 demonstrated MSH-TP15 binding to ICAM-1 domain 1-2. Importantly, MSH-TP15 and MSH-TP15 Fc-eng. both prevented myeloma cell engraftment and significantly prolonged survival of mice in an intraperitoneal xenograft model. In the subcutaneous model MSH-TP15 Fc-eng. was superior to MSH-TP15, whereas MSH-TP15 Fc k.o. was not effective in both models - reflecting the importance of Fc-dependent mechanisms of action also in vivo. The efficient recruitment of immune cells and the potent anti-tumor activity of the Fc-engineered MSH-TP15 antibody hold significant potential for myeloma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Klausz
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel
| | - Michael Cieker
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel
| | - Christian Kellner
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich
| | - Thies Rösner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel
| | - Anna Otte
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel
| | - Steffen Krohn
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel
| | - Anja Lux
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel
| | - Martin Gramatzki
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel,MATTHIAS PEIPP
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Li L, Wang L. Multiple Myeloma: What Do We Do About Immunodeficiency? J Cancer 2019; 10:1675-1684. [PMID: 31205523 PMCID: PMC6548011 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy. Immunodeficiency results in the incapability of immunity to eradicate both tumor cells and pathogens. Immunotherapies along with antibiotics and other anti-infectious agents are applied as substitutes for immunity in MM. Immunotherapies including monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoints inhibitors, affinity- enhanced T cells, chimeric antigen receptor T cells and dendritic cell vaccines are revolutionizing MM treatment. By suppressing the pro-inflammatory milieu and pathogens, prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotics represent anti-tumor and anti-infection properties. It is expected that deeper understanding of infection, immunity and tumor physio-pathologies in MM will accelerate the optimization of combined therapies, thus improving prognosis in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linrong Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Hematology, ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Windisch R, Pirschtat N, Kellner C, Chen-Wichmann L, Lausen J, Humpe A, Krause DS, Wichmann C. Oncogenic Deregulation of Cell Adhesion Molecules in Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E311. [PMID: 30841639 PMCID: PMC6468598 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous cell⁻cell and cell⁻matrix interactions within the bone marrow microenvironment enable the controlled lifelong self-renewal and progeny of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). On the cellular level, this highly mutual interaction is granted by cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) integrating differentiation, proliferation, and pro-survival signals from the surrounding microenvironment to the inner cell. However, cell⁻cell and cell⁻matrix interactions are also critically involved during malignant transformation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. It has become increasingly apparent that leukemia-associated gene products, such as activated tyrosine kinases and fusion proteins resulting from chromosomal translocations, directly regulate the activation status of adhesion molecules, thereby directing the leukemic phenotype. These observations imply that interference with adhesion molecule function represents a promising treatment strategy to target pre-leukemic and leukemic lesions within the bone marrow niche. Focusing on myeloid leukemia, we provide a current overview of the mechanisms by which leukemogenic gene products hijack control of cellular adhesion to subsequently disturb normal hematopoiesis and promote leukemia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Windisch
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Nina Pirschtat
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Christian Kellner
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Linping Chen-Wichmann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Jörn Lausen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Service, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Andreas Humpe
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Daniela S Krause
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Christian Wichmann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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