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Riascos-Bernal DF, Ressa G, Korrapati A, Sibinga NES. The FAT1 Cadherin Drives Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration. Cells 2023; 12:1621. [PMID: 37371091 PMCID: PMC10297709 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are normally quiescent and non-migratory, regulating the contraction and relaxation of blood vessels to control the vascular tone. In response to arterial injury, these cells become active; they proliferate, secrete matrix proteins, and migrate, and thereby contribute importantly to the progression of several cardiovascular diseases. VSMC migration specifically supports atherosclerosis, restenosis after catheter-based intervention, transplant vasculopathy, and vascular remodeling during the formation of aneurysms. The atypical cadherin FAT1 is expressed robustly in activated VSMCs and promotes their migration. A positive role of FAT1 in the migration of other cell types, including neurons, fibroblasts, podocytes, and astrocyte progenitors, has also been described. In cancer biology, however, the effect of FAT1 on migration depends on the cancer type or context, as FAT1 either suppresses or enhances cancer cell migration and invasion. With this review, we describe what is known about FAT1's effects on cell migration as well as the factors that influence FAT1-dependent migration. In VSMCs, these factors include angiotensin II, which activates FAT1 expression and cell migration, and proteins of the Atrophin family: Atrophin-1 and the short isoform of Atrophin-2, which promote VSMC migration, and the long isoform of Atrophin-2, which exerts negative effects on FAT1-dependent VSMC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario F. Riascos-Bernal
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (G.R.); (A.K.)
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Gaia Ressa
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (G.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Anish Korrapati
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (G.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Nicholas E. S. Sibinga
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (G.R.); (A.K.)
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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2
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Liu Y, Zhang B, Zhou Y, Xing Y, Wang Y, Jia Y, Liu D. Targeting Hippo pathway: A novel strategy for Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114549. [PMID: 36958190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays an important role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation; it is a crucial regulatory pathway in organ development and tumor growth. Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) increases the risk of developing gastric cancer. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms by which H. pylori infection promotes the development and progression of gastric cancer via the Hippo pathway. Exploring the Hippo pathway molecules may yield new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for H. pylori-induced gastric cancer. The current article reviews the composition and regulatory mechanism of the Hippo pathway, as well as the research progress of the Hippo pathway in the occurrence and development of H. pylori-related gastric cancer, in order to provide a broader perspective for the study and prevention of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingkai Zhang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Qingzhou People's Hospital, Qingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxin Xing
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Jia
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Duanrui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Messina B, Lo Sardo F, Scalera S, Memeo L, Colarossi C, Mare M, Blandino G, Ciliberto G, Maugeri-Saccà M, Bon G. Hippo pathway dysregulation in gastric cancer: from Helicobacter pylori infection to tumor promotion and progression. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:21. [PMID: 36635265 PMCID: PMC9837097 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays a critical role for balancing proliferation and differentiation, thus regulating tissue homeostasis. The pathway acts through a kinase cascade whose final effectors are the Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its paralog transcriptional co‑activator with PDZ‑binding motif (TAZ). In response to a variety of upstream signals, YAP and TAZ activate a transcriptional program that modulates cellular proliferation, tissue repair after injury, stem cell fate decision, and cytoskeletal reorganization. Hippo pathway signaling is often dysregulated in gastric cancer and in Helicobacter pylori-induced infection, suggesting a putative role of its deregulation since the early stages of the disease. In this review, we summarize the architecture and regulation of the Hippo pathway and discuss how its dysregulation fuels the onset and progression of gastric cancer. In this setting, we also focus on the crosstalk between Hippo and other established oncogenic signaling pathways. Lastly, we provide insights into the therapeutic approaches targeting aberrant YAP/TAZ activation and discuss the related clinical perspectives and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Messina
- Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Lo Sardo
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Scalera
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Pathology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande, Italy
| | | | - Marzia Mare
- Medical Oncology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Bon
- Cellular Network and Molecular Therapeutic Target Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
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4
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Araújo D, Ribeiro E, Amorim I, Vale N. Repurposed Drugs in Gastric Cancer. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010319. [PMID: 36615513 PMCID: PMC9822219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the major causes of death worldwide, ranking as the fifth most incident cancer in 2020 and the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality. The majority of GC patients are in an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis, presenting a poor prognosis and outcome. Current GC treatment approaches involve endoscopic detection, gastrectomy and chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy in an adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting. Drug development approaches demand extreme effort to identify molecular mechanisms of action of new drug candidates. Drug repurposing is based on the research of new therapeutic indications of drugs approved for other pathologies. In this review, we explore GC and the different drugs repurposed for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Araújo
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Ribeiro
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Irina Amorim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220426537
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Zhang W, Ji K, Min C, Zhang C, Yang L, Zhang Q, Tian Z, Zhang M, Wang X, Li X. Oncogenic LINC00857 recruits TFAP2C to elevate FAT1 expression in gastric cancer. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:63-74. [PMID: 35524544 PMCID: PMC9807510 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1) is a mutant gene frequently found in human cancers and mainly accumulates at the plasma membrane of cancer cells. Emerging evidence has implicated FAT1 in the progression of gastric cancer (GC). This study intended to identify a regulatory network related to FAT1 in GC development. Upregulated expression of FAT1 was confirmed in GC tissues, and silencing FAT1 was observed to result in suppression of GC cell oncogenic phenotypes. Mechanistic investigation results demonstrated that FAT1 upregulated AP-1 expression by phosphorylating c-JUN and c-FOS, whereas LINC00857 elevated the expression of FAT1 by recruiting a transcription factor TFAP2C. Functional experiments further suggested that LINC00857 enhanced the malignant biological characteristics of GC cells through TFAP2C-mediated promotion of FAT1. More importantly, LINC00857 silencing delayed the tumor growth and blocked epithelial-mesenchymal transition in tumor-bearing mice, which was associated with downregulated expression of TFAP2C/FAT1. To conclude, LINC00857 plays an oncogenic role in GC through regulating the TFAP2C/FAT1/AP-1 axis. Therefore, this study contributes to extended the understanding of gastric carcinogenesis and LINC00857 may serve as a therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Zhang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Kaiyue Ji
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | | | - Cuiping Zhang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Zibin Tian
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
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6
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The diverse functions of FAT1 in cancer progression: good, bad, or ugly? J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:248. [PMID: 35965328 PMCID: PMC9377080 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1) is among the most frequently mutated genes in many types of cancer. Its highest mutation rate is found in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), in which FAT1 is the second most frequently mutated gene. Thus, FAT1 has great potential to serve as a target or prognostic biomarker in cancer treatment. FAT1 encodes a member of the cadherin-like protein family. Under normal physiological conditions, FAT1 serves as a molecular "brake" on mitochondrial respiration and acts as a receptor for a signaling pathway regulating cell-cell contact interaction and planar cell polarity. In many cancers, loss of FAT1 function promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the formation of cancer initiation/stem-like cells. However, in some types of cancer, overexpression of FAT1 leads to EMT. The roles of FAT1 in cancer progression, which seems to be cancer-type specific, have not been clarified. To further study the function of FAT1 in cancers, this review summarizes recent relevant literature regarding this protein. In addition to phenotypic alterations due to FAT1 mutations, several signaling pathways and tumor immune systems known or proposed to be regulated by this protein are presented. The potential impact of detecting or targeting FAT1 mutations on cancer treatment is also prospectively discussed.
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7
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An emerging role of KRAS in biogenesis, cargo sorting and uptake of cancer-derived extracellular vesicles. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:827-845. [PMID: 35502655 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles secreted for intercellular communication with endosomal network regulating secretion of small EVs (or exosomes) that play roles in cancer progression. As an essential oncoprotein, Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) is tightly regulated by its endosomal trafficking for membrane attachment. However, the crosstalk between KRAS and EVs has been scarcely discussed despite its endocytic association. An overview of the oncogenic role of KRAS focusing on its correlation with cancer-associated EVs should provide important clues for disease prognosis and inspire novel therapeutic approaches for treating KRAS mutant cancers. Therefore, this review summarizes the relevant studies that provide substantial evidence linking KRAS mutation to EVs and discusses the oncogenic implication from the aspects of biogenesis, cargo sorting, and release and uptake of the EVs.
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8
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Seeneevassen L, Dubus P, Gronnier C, Varon C. Hippo in Gastric Cancer: From Signalling to Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092282. [PMID: 35565411 PMCID: PMC9105983 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is one of the most important ones in mammals. Its key functions in cell proliferation, tissue growth, repair, and homeostasis make it the most crucial one to be controlled. Many means have been deployed for its regulation, since this pathway is not only composed of core regulatory components, but it also communicates with and regulates various other pathways, making this signalisation even more complex. Its role in cancer has been studied more and more over the past few years, and it presents YAP/TAZ as the major oncogenic actors. In this review, we relate how vital this pathway is for different organs, and how regulatory mechanisms have been bypassed to lead to cancerous states. Most studies present an upregulation status of YAP/TAZ, and urge the need to target them. A focus is made here on gastric carcinogenesis, its main dysregulations, and the major strategies adopted and tested to counteract Hippo pathway disbalance in this disease. Hippo pathway targeting can be achieved by various means, which are described in this review. Many studies have tested different potential molecules, which are detailed hereby. Though not all tested in gastric cancer, they could represent a real interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lornella Seeneevassen
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (L.S.); (P.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Pierre Dubus
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (L.S.); (P.D.); (C.G.)
- Department of Histology and Pathology, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Gronnier
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (L.S.); (P.D.); (C.G.)
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christine Varon
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (L.S.); (P.D.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Hurst CD, Cheng G, Platt FM, Alder O, Black EV, Burns JE, Brown J, Jain S, Roulson JA, Knowles MA. Molecular profile of pure squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder identifies major roles for OSMR and YAP signalling. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022; 8:279-293. [PMID: 35289095 PMCID: PMC8977277 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pure squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common pure variant form of bladder cancer, found in 2–5% of cases. It often presents late and is unresponsive to cisplatin‐based chemotherapy. The molecular features of these tumours have not been elucidated in detail. We carried out whole‐exome sequencing (WES), copy number, and transcriptome analysis of bladder SCC. Muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) samples with no evidence of squamous differentiation (non‐SD) were used for comparison. To assess commonality of features with urothelial carcinoma with SD, we examined data from SD samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) study of MIBC. TP53 was the most commonly mutated gene in SCC (64%) followed by FAT1 (45%). Copy number analysis revealed complex changes in SCC, many differing from those in samples with SD. Gain of 5p and 7p was the most common feature, and focal regions on 5p included OSMR and RICTOR. In addition to 9p deletions, we found some samples with focal gain of 9p24 containing CD274 (PD‐L1). Loss of 4q35 containing FAT1 was found in many samples such that all but one sample analysed by WES had FAT1 mutation or deletion. Expression features included upregulation of oncostatin M receptor (OSMR), metalloproteinases, metallothioneins, keratinisation genes, extracellular matrix components, inflammatory response genes, stem cell markers, and immune response modulators. Exploration of differentially expressed transcription factors identified BNC1 and TFAP2A, a gene repressed by PPARG, as the most upregulated factors. Known urothelial differentiation factors were downregulated along with 72 Kruppel‐associated (KRAB) domain‐containing zinc finger family protein (KZFP) genes. Novel therapies are urgently needed for these tumours. In addition to upregulated expression of EGFR, which has been suggested as a therapeutic target in basal/squamous bladder cancer, we identified expression signatures that indicate upregulated OSMR and YAP/TAZ signalling. Preclinical evaluation of the effects of inhibition of these pathways alone or in combination is merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn D Hurst
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Guo Cheng
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Fiona M Platt
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Olivia Alder
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Emma Vi Black
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Julie E Burns
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Joanne Brown
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Sunjay Jain
- Pyrah Department of Urology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Jo-An Roulson
- Department of Histopathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Margaret A Knowles
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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Hasegawa T, Sugihara T, Hoshino Y, Tarumoto R, Matsuki Y, Kanda T, Takata T, Nagahara T, Matono T, Isomoto H. Photosensitizer verteporfin inhibits the growth of YAP- and TAZ-dominant gastric cancer cells by suppressing the anti-apoptotic protein Survivin in a light-independent manner. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:703. [PMID: 34457058 PMCID: PMC8358589 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) positivity indicates a poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Transcriptional co-activator with a PDZ-binding domain (TAZ), a YAP paralog, is highly expressed in gastric signet ring cell carcinoma. Verteporfin (VP), a clinical photosensitizer, was recently shown to inhibit YAP/TAZ. In the present study, the therapeutic potential of VP treatment was explored using two gastric cancer cell lines: MKN-45 (TAZ-dominant) and MKN-74 (YAP-dominant). Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTS assay. Vascular mimicry was evaluated by the tube formation assay. Gene and protein expression levels of YAP/TAZ downstream effectors [such as Survivin, Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)] were measured. YAP or TAZ localization was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Cell death was assessed by immunofluorescent staining of Annexin V. YAP and TAZ expression were knocked down by small interfering RNA. The current results demonstrate that MKN-45, a poorly differentiated TAZ-dominant gastric cancer cell line, was more sensitive to VP than MKN-74, a moderately differentiated YAP-dominant gastric cancer cell line. VP changed the localization of YAP/TAZ, promoted its degradation and significantly decreased the protein level of Survivin in both cell lines. Cell death was induced by VP treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Vascular mimicry was inhibited in both cell lines. Proliferation in both cell lines decreased in response to YAP/TAZ knockdown. The present study indicated that VP has potential as a therapeutic agent in YAP- and TAZ-dominant gastric cancers due to its ability to suppress the anti-apoptotic protein Survivin via inhibition of YAP and TAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hasegawa
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sugihara
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hoshino
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Ryohei Tarumoto
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yukako Matsuki
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kanda
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Takata
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Takakazu Nagahara
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Matono
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hajime Isomoto
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
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11
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Broadwater D, Medeiros HCD, Lunt RR, Lunt SY. Current Advances in Photoactive Agents for Cancer Imaging and Therapy. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2021; 23:29-60. [PMID: 34255992 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-122019-115833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photoactive agents are promising complements for both early diagnosis and targeted treatment of cancer. The dual combination of diagnostics and therapeutics is known as theranostics. Photoactive theranostic agents are activated by a specific wavelength of light and emit another wavelength, which can be detected for imaging tumors, used to generate reactive oxygen species for ablating tumors, or both. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combines photosensitizer (PS) accumulation and site-directed light irradiation for simultaneous imaging diagnostics and spatially targeted therapy. Although utilized since the early 1900s, advances in the fields of cancer biology, materials science, and nanomedicine have expanded photoactive agents to modern medical treatments. In this review we summarize the origins of PDT and the subsequent generations of PSs and analyze seminal research contributions that have provided insight into rational PS design, such as photophysics, modes of cell death, tumor-targeting mechanisms, and light dosing regimens. We highlight optimizable parameters that, with further exploration, can expand clinical applications of photoactive agents to revolutionize cancer diagnostics and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Broadwater
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Hyllana C D Medeiros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Richard R Lunt
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; , .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Sophia Y Lunt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; ,
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12
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Peng Z, Gong Y, Liang X. Role of FAT1 in health and disease. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:398. [PMID: 33777221 PMCID: PMC7988705 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1), which encodes a protocadherin, is one of the most frequently mutated genes in human cancer. Over the past 20 years, the role of FAT1 in tissue growth and in the development of diseases has been extensively studied. There is definitive evidence that FAT1 serves a substantial role in the maintenance of organs and development, and its expression appears to be tissue-specific. FAT1 activates a variety of signaling pathways through protein-protein interactions, including the Wnt/β-catenin, Hippo and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways, which affect cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Abnormal FAT1 expression may lead to the development of tumors and may affect prognosis. Therefore, FAT1 may have potential in tumor therapy. The structural and functional changes mediated by FAT1, its tissue distribution and changes in FAT1 expression in human diseases are described in the present review, which provides further insight for understanding the role of FAT1 in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Peng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yanyu Gong
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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13
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Meng P, Zhang YF, Zhang W, Chen X, Xu T, Hu S, Liang X, Feng M, Yang X, Ho M. Identification of the atypical cadherin FAT1 as a novel glypican-3 interacting protein in liver cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:40. [PMID: 33420124 PMCID: PMC7794441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is being evaluated as an emerging therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). GPC3 has been shown to interact with several extracellular signaling molecules, including Wnt, HGF, and Hedgehog. Here, we reported a cell surface transmembrane protein (FAT1) as a new GPC3 interacting protein. The GPC3 binding region on FAT1 was initially mapped to the C-terminal region (Q14517, residues 3662-4181), which covered a putative receptor tyrosine phosphatase (RTP)-like domain, a Laminin G-like domain, and five EGF-like domains. Fine mapping by ELISA and flow cytometry showed that the last four EGF-like domains (residues 4013-4181) contained a specific GPC3 binding site, whereas the RTP domain (residues 3662-3788) and the downstream Laminin G-2nd EGF-like region (residues 3829-4050) had non-specific GPC3 binding. In support of their interaction, GPC3 and FAT1 behaved concomitantly or at a similar pattern, e.g. having elevated expression in HCC cells, being up-regulated under hypoxia conditions, and being able to regulate the expression of EMT-related genes Snail, Vimentin, and E-Cadherin and promoting HCC cell migration. Taken together, our study provides the initial evidence for the novel mechanism of GPC3 and FAT1 in promoting HCC cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Meng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wangli Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Xinjun Liang
- Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Mingqian Feng
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Hospital of Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Mitchell Ho
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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14
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Jang M, An J, Oh SW, Lim JY, Kim J, Choi JK, Cheong JH, Kim P. Matrix stiffness epigenetically regulates the oncogenic activation of the Yes-associated protein in gastric cancer. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:114-123. [PMID: 33288878 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-020-00657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In many cancers, tumour progression is associated with increased tissue stiffness. Yet, the mechanisms associating tissue stiffness with tumorigenesis and malignant transformation are unclear. Here we show that in gastric cancer cells, the stiffness of the extracellular matrix reversibly regulates the DNA methylation of the promoter region of the mechanosensitive Yes-associated protein (YAP). Reciprocal interactions between YAP and the DNA methylation inhibitors GRHL2, TET2 and KMT2A can cause hypomethylation of the YAP promoter and stiffness-induced oncogenic activation of YAP. Direct alteration of extracellular cues via in situ matrix softening reversed YAP activity and the epigenetic program. Our findings suggest that epigenetic reprogramming of the mechanophysical properties of the extracellular microenvironment of solid tumours may represent a therapeutic strategy for the inhibition of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Jang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeon An
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Oh
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Lim
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kyoon Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pilnam Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. .,Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Mae Y, Kanda T, Sugihara T, Takata T, Kinoshita H, Sakaguchi T, Hasegawa T, Tarumoto R, Edano M, Kurumi H, Ikebuchi Y, Kawaguchi K, Isomoto H. Verteporfin-photodynamic therapy is effective on gastric cancer cells. Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 13:10. [PMID: 32754324 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) induces photochemical reactions, resulting in the destruction of tumor cells via singlet (S1) oxygen production. This cellular destruction occurs specifically in tumor cells, following selective accumulation of a photosensitizer and its excitation by a specific wavelength. Verteporfin (VP) is a second-generation photosensitizer that is currently being used worldwide in PDT to treat age-related macular degeneration. In addition, clinical trials with VP-PDT demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy and overall safety when used to treat locally advanced pancreatic cancer. In the present study, we examined the anti-tumor effect of VP-PDT on gastric cancer (GC) cell lines in vitro to conduct an initial assessment of its potential clinical applicability to this specific type of cancer. We evaluated the viability of MKN45 and MKN74 cancer cell lines after VP-PDT exposure and calculated the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values for VP. Apoptosis in VP-PDT-exposed GC cells was observed. Furthermore, the EC50 values for a 30-min treatment with VP (2.5 J/cm2 of 660 nm LED light) were 0.61 and 1.21 µM for MKN45 and MKN74, respectively. When VP treatment times were increased, the EC50 values decreased. In conclusion, VP-PDT may be developed as an effective treatment for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Mae
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kanda
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sugihara
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Takata
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hidehito Kinoshita
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Takuki Sakaguchi
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Takashi Hasegawa
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Ryohei Tarumoto
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Mirai Edano
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurumi
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ikebuchi
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kawaguchi
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hajime Isomoto
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
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16
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Srivastava C, Irshad K, Gupta Y, Sarkar C, Suri A, Chattopadhyay P, Sinha S, Chosdol K. NFкB is a critical transcriptional regulator of atypical cadherin FAT1 in glioma. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:62. [PMID: 31992226 PMCID: PMC6988320 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of FAT1 gene and its oncogenic effects have been reported in several cancers. Previously, we have documented upregulation of FAT1 gene in glioblastoma (GBM) tumors which was found to increase the expression of proinflammatory markers, HIF-1α, stemness genes and EMT markers in glioma cells. Here, we reveal NFкB (RelA)/RelA/p65 as the transcriptional regulator of FAT1 gene in GBM cells. Methods In-silico analysis of FAT1 gene promoter was performed using online bioinformatics tool Promo alggen (Transfac 8.3) to identify putative transcription factor(s) binding motifs. A 4.0 kb FAT1 promoter (− 3220 bp to + 848 bp w.r.t. TSS + 1) was cloned into promoter less pGL3Basic reporter vector. Characterization of FAT1 promoter for transcriptional regulation was performed by in-vitro functional assays using promoter deletion constructs, site directed mutagenesis and ChIP in GBM cells. Results Expression levels of NFкB (RelA) and FAT1 were found to be increased and positively correlated in GBM tumors (n = 16), REMBRANDT GBM-database (n = 214) and TCGA GBM-database (n = 153). In addition to glioma, positive correlation between NFкB (RelA) and FAT1 expression was also observed in other tumors like pancreatic, hepatocellular, lung and stomach cancers (data extracted from TCGA tumor data). A 4.0 kb FAT1-promoter-construct [− 3220 bp/+ 848 bp, transcription start site (TSS) + 1, having 17 NFкB (RelA) motifs] showed high FAT1 promoter luciferase-activity in GBM cells (U87MG/A172/U373MG). FAT1 promoter deletion-construct pGL3F1 [− 200 bp/+ 848 bp, with 3-NFкB (RelA)-motifs] showed the highest promoter activity. Exposure of GBM cells to known NFкB (RelA)-activators [severe-hypoxia/TNF-α/ectopic-NFкB (RelA) + IKBK vectors] led to increased pGL3F1-promoter activity and increased endogenous-FAT1 expression. Conversely, siRNA-mediated NFкB (RelA) knockdown led to decreased pGL3F1-promoter activity and decreased endogenous-FAT1 expression. Deletion of NFкB (RelA)-motif at − 90 bp/− 80 bp [pGL3F1δ1-construct] showed significant decrease in promoter activity. Site directed mutagenesis at -90 bp/− 80 bp and ChIP assay for endogenous-NFкB (RelA) confirmed the importance of this motif in FAT1 expression regulation. Significant reduction in the migration, invasion as well as colony forming capacity of the U87MG glioma cells was observed on siRNA-mediated knockdown of NFкB (RelA). Conclusion Since FAT1 and NFкB (RelA) are independently known to promote pro-tumorigenic inflammation and upregulate the expression of HIF-1α/EMT/stemness in tumors, targeting the NFкB (RelA)-FAT1 axis may attenuate an important tumor-promoting pathway in GBM. This may also be applicable to other tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitrangda Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, -110029, New Delhi, India.,Present address: Cell Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Khushboo Irshad
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, -110029, New Delhi, India
| | - Yakhlesh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, -110029, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Suri
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Subrata Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, -110029, New Delhi, India
| | - Kunzang Chosdol
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, -110029, New Delhi, India.
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17
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Targeting FAT1 Inhibits Carcinogenesis, Induces Oxidative Stress and Enhances Cisplatin Sensitivity through Deregulation of LRP5/WNT2/GSS Signaling Axis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121883. [PMID: 31783581 PMCID: PMC6966489 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1) regulates cell-cell adhesion and extracellular matrix architecture, while acting as tumor suppressor or oncogene, context-dependently. Despite implication of FAT1 in several malignancies, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. Herein, we document the driver-oncogene role of FAT1, and its mediation of cell-death evasion, proliferation, oncogenicity, and chemoresistance in OSCC. In-silica analyses indicate FAT1 mutations are frequent and drive head-neck SCC, with enhanced expression defining high-risk population and poor prognosis. We demonstrated aberrant FAT1 mRNA and protein expression in OSCC compared with non-cancer tissues, whereas loss-of-FAT1-function attenuates human primary SAS and metastatic HSC-3 OSCC cell viability, without affecting normal primary human gingival fibroblast cells. shFAT1 suppressed PCNA and upregulated BAX/BCL2 ratio in SAS and HSC-3 cells. Moreover, compared with wild-type cells, shFAT1 concomitantly impaired HSC-3 cell migration, invasion, and clonogenicity. Interestingly, while over-expressed FAT1 characterized cisplatin-resistance (CispR), shFAT1 synchronously re-sensitized CispR cells to cisplatin, enhanced glutathione (GSH)/GSH synthetase (GSS)-mediated oxidative stress and deregulated LRP5/WNT2 signaling. Concisely, FAT1 is an actionable driver-oncogene in OSCC and targeting FAT1 in patients with erstwhile cisplatin-resistant OSCC is therapeutically promising.
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18
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Giraud J, Molina-Castro S, Seeneevassen L, Sifré E, Izotte J, Tiffon C, Staedel C, Boeuf H, Fernandez S, Barthelemy P, Megraud F, Lehours P, Dubus P, Varon C. Verteporfin targeting YAP1/TAZ-TEAD transcriptional activity inhibits the tumorigenic properties of gastric cancer stem cells. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2255-2267. [PMID: 31489619 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gastric carcinomas (GC) are heterogeneous tumors, composed of a subpopulation of cluster of differentiation-44 (CD44)+ tumorigenic and chemoresistant cancer stem cells (CSC). YAP1 and TAZ oncoproteins (Y/T) interact with TEA domain family member 1 (TEAD) transcription factors to promote cell survival and proliferation in multiple tissues. Their activity and role in GC remain unclear. This work aimed to analyze Y/T-TEAD activity and molecular signature in gastric CSC, and to assess the effect of verteporfin, a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug preventing Y/T-TEAD interaction, on gastric CSC tumorigenic properties. Y/T-TEAD molecular signature was investigated using bioinformatical (KmPlot database), transcriptomic and immunostaining analyses in patient-derived GC and cell lines. Verteporfin effects on Y/T-TEAD transcriptional activity, CSC proliferation and tumorigenic properties were evaluated using in vitro tumorsphere assays and mouse models of patient-derived GC xenografts. High expressions of YAP1, TAZ, TEAD1, TEAD4 and their target genes were associated with low overall survival in nonmetastatic human GC patients (n = 444). This Y/T-TEAD molecular signature was enriched in CD44+ patient-derived GC cells and in cells resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Verteporfin treatment inhibited Y/T-TEAD transcriptional activity, cell proliferation and CD44 expression, and decreased the pool of tumorsphere-forming CD44+ /aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)high gastric CSC. Finally, verteporfin treatment inhibited GC tumor growth in vivo; the residual tumor cells exhibited reduced expressions of CD44 and ALDH1, and more importantly, they were unable to initiate new tumorspheres in vitro. All these data demonstrate that Y/T-TEAD activity controls gastric CSC tumorigenic properties. The repositioning of verteporfin targeting YAP1/TAZ-TEAD activity could be a promising CSC-based strategy for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Giraud
- INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Silvia Molina-Castro
- INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INISA/School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Lornella Seeneevassen
- INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Sifré
- INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Izotte
- INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Tiffon
- INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cathy Staedel
- INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR5320, ARNA Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hélène Boeuf
- INSERM U1026 BioTIS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Solène Fernandez
- INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Barthelemy
- INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR5320, ARNA Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Francis Megraud
- INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,National Reference Center for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Lehours
- INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,National Reference Center for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Dubus
- INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christine Varon
- INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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19
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Mechanotransduction and Cytoskeleton Remodeling Shaping YAP1 in Gastric Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071576. [PMID: 30934860 PMCID: PMC6480114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential role of Hippo signaling pathway in cancer development has been elucidated by recent studies. In the gastrointestinal tissues, deregulation of the Hippo pathway is one of the most important driving events for tumorigenesis. It is widely known that Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and WW domain that contain transcription regulator 1 (TAZ), two transcriptional co-activators with a PDZ-binding motif, function as critical effectors negatively regulated by the Hippo pathway. Previous studies indicate the involvement of YAP1/TAZ in mechanotransduction by crosstalking with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the F-actin cytoskeleton associated signaling network. In gastric cancer (GC), YAP1/TAZ functions as an oncogene and transcriptionally promotes tumor formation by cooperating with TEAD transcription factors. Apart from the classic role of Hippo-YAP1 cascade, in this review, we summarize the current investigations to highlight the prominent role of YAP1/TAZ as a mechanical sensor and responder under mechanical stress and address its potential prognostic and therapeutic value in GC.
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20
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Mulder CL, Eijkenboom LL, Beerendonk CCM, Braat DDM, Peek R. Enhancing the safety of ovarian cortex autotransplantation: cancer cells are purged completely from human ovarian tissue fragments by pharmacological inhibition of YAP/TAZ oncoproteins. Hum Reprod 2018; 34:506-518. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Callista L Mulder
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte L Eijkenboom
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina C M Beerendonk
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Didi D M Braat
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Peek
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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21
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Hippo pathway affects survival of cancer patients: extensive analysis of TCGA data and review of literature. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10623. [PMID: 30006603 PMCID: PMC6045671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The disruption of the Hippo pathway occurs in many cancer types and is associated with cancer progression. Herein, we investigated the impact of 32 Hippo genes on overall survival (OS) of cancer patients, by both analysing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and reviewing the related literature. mRNA and protein expression data of all solid tumors except pure sarcomas were downloaded from TCGA database. Thirty-two Hippo genes were considered; for each gene, patients were dichotomized based on median expression value. Survival analyses were performed to identify independent predictors, taking into account the main clinical-pathological features affecting OS. Finally, independent predictors were correlated with YAP1 oncoprotein expression. At least one of the Hippo genes is an independent prognostic factor in 12 out of 13 considered tumor datasets. mRNA levels of the independent predictors coherently correlate with YAP1 in glioma, kidney renal clear cell, head and neck, and bladder cancer. Moreover, literature data revealed the association between YAP1 levels and OS in gastric, colorectal, hepatocellular, pancreatic, and lung cancer. Herein, we identified cancers in which Hippo pathway affects OS; these cancers should be candidates for YAP1 inhibitors development and testing.
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