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Millán-Esteban D, Peña-Chilet M, García-Casado Z, Manrique-Silva E, Requena C, Bañuls J, López-Guerrero JA, Rodríguez-Hernández A, Traves V, Dopazo J, Virós A, Kumar R, Nagore E. Mutational Characterization of Cutaneous Melanoma Supports Divergent Pathways Model for Melanoma Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5219. [PMID: 34680367 PMCID: PMC8533762 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the divergent pathway model, cutaneous melanoma comprises a nevogenic group with a propensity to melanocyte proliferation and another one associated with cumulative solar damage (CSD). While characterized clinically and epidemiologically, the differences in the molecular profiles between the groups have remained primarily uninvestigated. This study has used a custom gene panel and bioinformatics tools to investigate the potential molecular differences in a thoroughly characterized cohort of 119 melanoma patients belonging to nevogenic and CSD groups. We found that the nevogenic melanomas had a restricted set of mutations, with the prominently mutated gene being BRAF. The CSD melanomas, in contrast, showed mutations in a diverse group of genes that included NF1, ROS1, GNA11, and RAC1. We thus provide evidence that nevogenic and CSD melanomas constitute different biological entities and highlight the need to explore new targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Millán-Esteban
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica de València San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009 Valencia, Spain; (Z.G.-C.); (J.A.L.-G.)
| | - María Peña-Chilet
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (M.P.-C.); (J.D.)
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Zaida García-Casado
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009 Valencia, Spain; (Z.G.-C.); (J.A.L.-G.)
| | - Esperanza Manrique-Silva
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009 Valencia, Spain; (E.M.-S.); (A.R.-H.)
| | - Celia Requena
- Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - José Bañuls
- Department of Dermatology, El Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, 03010 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Jose Antonio López-Guerrero
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009 Valencia, Spain; (Z.G.-C.); (J.A.L.-G.)
| | - Aranzazu Rodríguez-Hernández
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009 Valencia, Spain; (E.M.-S.); (A.R.-H.)
| | - Víctor Traves
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (M.P.-C.); (J.D.)
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
- Fundación Progreso y Salud-ELIXIR-es, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Amaya Virós
- Skin Cancer and Aging Lab, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester SK10 4TG, UK;
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschüngzentrum, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica de València San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009 Valencia, Spain; (E.M.-S.); (A.R.-H.)
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Snyder A, Valdebran M, Terrero D, Amber KT, Kelly KM. Solar Ultraviolet Exposure in Individuals Who Perform Outdoor Sport Activities. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2020; 6:42. [PMID: 32880767 PMCID: PMC7471243 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the USA. Therefore, it is important to review the contribution of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure to skin cancer in individuals with the highest risk. Documenting the relationship between outdoor sports solar ultraviolet exposure and their risk of skin cancer along with appropriate risk mitigation strategies can help inform clinicians of practical information for counseling sun protective behaviors in this population. METHODS We conducted a review of the current evidence using PubMed to answer the following research questions: (1) How is ultraviolet radiation measured? (2) What is the modern utility of the ultraviolet index in modifying recreational sun protection behaviors? (3) What is the risk of developing skin cancer for outdoor sport participants? (4) What is the prevalence of skin cancer in sport participants? and (5) Is the number of nevi and solar lentigines elevated in outdoor sport participants? RESULTS Based on the literature, individuals who practice outdoor sport-related activities receive high ultraviolet radiation exposure, have a high risk for skin cancer, have a high prevalence for pigmented lesions, and may benefit from electronic sun protection educational interventions. CONCLUSIONS Individuals who practice outdoor sports experience substantially higher ultraviolet radiation exposure, routinely exceed the recommended exposure limits, and are at a higher risk of developing skin cancer. Therefore, those who are frequently engaged in outdoor leisure activities should be coached about efficient sun protective practices and relevant mobile technologies that may facilitate adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Snyder
- College of Graduate Studies, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Manuel Valdebran
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - David Terrero
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Kyle T Amber
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristen M Kelly
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Gutiérrez-Castañeda LD, Gamboa M, Nova JA, Pulido L, Tovar-Parra JD. Mutations in the BRAF, NRAS, and C-KIT Genes of Patients Diagnosed with Melanoma in Colombia Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2046947. [PMID: 32775409 PMCID: PMC7396105 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2046947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutations in the BRAF, NRAS, and C-KIT genes have been associated with the histopathological characteristics of melanoma. Likewise, the incidence of each of these subtypes changes according to the geographical origin of the population analyzed. OBJECTIVE To determine the mutation frequency in exons 11 and 15 of the BRAF gene, exons 1 and 2 of the NRAS gene, and exons 11, 13, and 17 of the C-KIT gene and to relate it with histological subtypes in patients from a region with high levels of ultraviolet radiation. Methodology. The clinicopathological characteristics of 54 cutaneous melanoma samples were analyzed. Mutation analysis was performed via qPCR on paraffin-embedded tumor tissue samples using probes specific for the V600E mutation. Amplification of exons 11 and 15 of the BRAF gene, exons 1 and 2 of the NRAS gene, and exons 11, 13, and 17 of the C-KIT gene was performed for subsequent sequencing using the Sanger method. RESULT The most frequent histological subtype in the analyzed sample was lentigo maligna/lentigo maligna melanoma (52%) followed by acral lentiginous melanoma (20%). The BRAF-V600 variant was the most frequent (63.6%). The most frequent (54%) mutation in NRAS was p.Lys5∗. In the C-KIT gene, only the Val560Ala mutation was found. CONCLUSION Differences in histological subtypes and mutations in the BRAF, NRAS, and C-KIT genes were found in the analyzed population. This indicates that environmental and genetic factors significantly influence the introduction of the disease in this geographic region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauricio Gamboa
- Hospital Universitario-Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta-CDFLLA, Bogota 111511, Colombia
| | - John A. Nova
- Hospital Universitario-Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta-CDFLLA, Bogota 111511, Colombia
| | - Leonardo Pulido
- Hospital Universitario-Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta-CDFLLA, Bogota 111511, Colombia
| | - Jose D. Tovar-Parra
- Hospital Universitario-Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta-CDFLLA, Bogota 111511, Colombia
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Behrens G, Niedermaier T, Berneburg M, Schmid D, Leitzmann MF. Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206087. [PMID: 30379884 PMCID: PMC6209223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous epidemiologic studies have examined the relation of physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness to risk of cutaneous melanoma but the available evidence has not yet been quantified in a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), we identified 3 cohort studies (N = 12,605 cases) and 5 case-control studies (N = 1,295 cases) of physical activity and melanoma incidence, and one cohort study (N = 49 cases) of cardiorespiratory fitness and melanoma risk. RESULTS Cohort studies revealed a statistically significant positive association between high versus low physical activity and melanoma risk (RR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.16-1.40). In contrast, case-control studies yielded a statistically non-significant inverse risk estimate for physical activity and melanoma (RR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.63-1.14; P-difference = 0.02). The only available cohort study of cardiorespiratory fitness and melanoma risk reported a positive but statistically not significant association between the two (RR = 2.19, 95% CI = 0.99-4.96). Potential confounding by ultraviolet (UV) radiation-related risk factors was a major concern in cohort but not case-control studies. CONCLUSIONS It appears plausible that the positive relation of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness to melanoma observed in cohort studies is due to residual confounding by UV radiation-related risk factors. IMPACT Future prospective studies need to examine the association between physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and melanoma after detailed adjustment for UV radiation-related skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gundula Behrens
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Niedermaier
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Schmid
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael F. Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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