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Costa H, Vinhas H, Calé R, Pereira E, Santos J, Paulo G, Jorge E, Brochado B, Melica B, Baptista Gonçalves R, Infante de Oliveira E. A report on a survey among Portuguese Association of Interventional Cardiology associates regarding ionizing radiation protection practices in national interventional cath-labs. Rev Port Cardiol 2024; 43:177-185. [PMID: 37952927 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Concerns surrounding the consequences of ionizing radiation (IR) have increased in interventional cardiology (IC). Despite this, the ever-growing complexity of diseases as well as procedures can lead to greater exposure to radiation. The aim of this survey, led by Portuguese Association of Interventional Cardiology (APIC), was to evaluate the level of awareness and current practices on IR protection among its members. METHODS An online survey was emailed to all APIC members, between August and November 2021. The questionnaire consisted of 50 questions focusing on knowledge and measures of IR protection in the catheterization laboratory. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS From a response rate of 46.9%, the study obtained a total sample of 159 responses (156 selected for analysis). Most survey respondents (66.0%) were unaware of the radiation exposure category, and only 60.4% reported systematically using a dosimeter. A large majority (90.4%) employed techniques to minimize exposure to radiation. All participants used personal protective equipment, despite eyewear protection only being used frequently by 49.2% of main operators. Ceiling suspended shields and table protectors were often used. Only two-thirds were familiar with the legally established limit on radiation doses for workers or the dose that should trigger patient follow-up. Most of the survey respondents had a non-certified training in IR procedures and only 32.0% had attended their yearly occupational health consultation. CONCLUSIONS Safety methods and protective equipment are largely adopted among interventional cardiologists, who have shown some IR awareness. Despite this, there is room for improvement, especially concerning the use of eyewear protection, monitoring, and certification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Costa
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve, Portugal.
| | - Hugo Vinhas
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve, Portugal
| | - Rita Calé
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Portugal
| | | | - Joana Santos
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Graciano Paulo
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | - Bruno Melica
- Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | | | - Eduardo Infante de Oliveira
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Cardiology Department, Lisbon Lusiadas Hospital, Portugal; Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal
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Tamura M, Kawamoto T, Ishifuro M, Tamura T, Masumoto Y, Kenjo M, Kiguchi M, Awai K, Nagata Y. Radio Frequency Identification Gate System to Identify Misused Personal Dosimeters. J Med Syst 2023; 47:107. [PMID: 37851155 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-023-02002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of two personal dosimeters, one worn over and one worn under a protective apron, provides the best estimate of effective dose. However, inappropriate positioning of dosimeters is a common occurrence, resulting in abnormally high or low radiation exposure records. Although such incorrect positioning can be identified by radiation exposure records, doing so is time-consuming and labor-intensive for administrators. Therefore, a system that can identify incorrect locations of dosimeters without burdening administrators must be developed. In this study, we developed a radio frequency identification (RFID) gate system that can differentiate between two RFID-tagged dosimeters placed over and under a metal apron and identify misused dosimeters. To simulate the position of the RFID-tagged dosimeters, we designed four dosimeter-wearing classes, including "proper use" and three types of "misuse" (i.e., "reversed," "both under," and "both over"). When the system predicts "misuse" based on the tag reading, the worker is alerted with lights and alarms. The system performance was evaluated using a confusion matrix, with an overall accuracy of 97.75%, demonstrating high classification performance. The safety of the system against life support devices was also investigated, demonstrating that they were not affected by the electric field at 0.3 m or more from the antenna of the system under any transmit powers tested. This RFID gate system is highly capable of identifying incorrectly positioned dosimeters, enabling real-time monitoring of dosimeters to manage their positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Tamura
- Department of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | | | - Minoru Ishifuro
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tamura
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Masumoto
- Department of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kenjo
- Hiroshima High-Precision Radiotherapy Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masao Kiguchi
- Department of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuo Awai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nagata
- Hiroshima High-Precision Radiotherapy Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Matsumoto K, Maruyama A, Watanabe S, Tachibana R, Yamaguchi T, Suzuki K, Kurihara Y, Maehara M, Arakawa S, Hosokai Y. Characteristics of a real-time radiation exposure dosimetry system using a synthetic ruby for radiotherapy. Radiol Phys Technol 2023; 16:69-76. [PMID: 36508129 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-022-00691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy-related medical accidents are frequently caused by planning problems, excessive irradiation during radiotherapy, or patient movement. This is partly because the local exposure dose cannot be directly monitored during radiotherapy. This article discusses the development of our recent real-time radiation exposure dosimetry system that uses a synthetic ruby for radiation therapy. Background noise was observed before the measurement of the short-term characteristic features. Regarding the relationship between the number of photons and dose rate, using 100 monitor units (MU)/min as the measurement value, the counts decreased by approximately 10% at 600 MU/min. A clear correlation was observed between the MU value and the number of photons (R2 = 0.9987). The coefficient of variation (%CV) was less than ± 1.0% under all the irradiation conditions. Slight differences were observed between the ion chamber and the synthetic ruby dosimeters in the measurement of the percentage depth dose. However, this difference was almost matched by correcting for the Cherenkov light. Although some problems were observed with the synthetic ruby dosimeter system, our results indicate that the developed dosimeter can be used to measure the irradiation dose of patients in real time, with no significant impact on the data, as any effect would be masked by the larger effect of the ruby; however, the impact requires a detailed assessment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenki Matsumoto
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Radiological Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1, Kitakanemaru, Otawara, , Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Ayaka Maruyama
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Radiological Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1, Kitakanemaru, Otawara, , Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- South Miyagi Medical Center, Shibata, Miyagi, 989-1253, Japan
| | - Ryousuke Tachibana
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Radiological Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1, Kitakanemaru, Otawara, , Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiya Yamaguchi
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Radiological Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1, Kitakanemaru, Otawara, , Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Kouki Suzuki
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Radiological Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1, Kitakanemaru, Otawara, , Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kurihara
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Radiological Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1, Kitakanemaru, Otawara, , Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Maehara
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Radiological Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1, Kitakanemaru, Otawara, , Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Arakawa
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Radiological Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1, Kitakanemaru, Otawara, , Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hosokai
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Radiological Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1, Kitakanemaru, Otawara, , Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan.
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Xiong Z, Wang X, Liang Y, Liu H, Xu Z, Guo J. Study of thermoluminescence, photoluminescence and dosimetry for the YAGG:Ce (Y 2.96Al 3.4Ga 1.6O 12:0.04Ce) phosphor. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 193:110615. [PMID: 36566664 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The comprehensive effect of ionizing radiation should be considered in the use and or analysis of certain electronic equipment. Fluorescent powders are widely used in electronic equipment, so they are attempted to be used as thermoluminescence (TL) dosimeter directly. Green YAGG:Ce phosphors were prepared by a high-temperature solid-state reaction method. The TL glow curves, TL dose response, TL three-dimensional (3D) spectra (80 K-800 K) and photoluminescence spectra for the phosphors were measured. The measurement results show that the luminescence peak temperature for the sample occurs at approximately 458 K and the luminescence peak temperatures in the TL 3D spectra are located at 130 K, 240 K and 458 K; there are four kinds of activation energies of traps in the material; the TL response of each component for the YAGG:Ce phosphor shows good linearity and the detection sensitivity of the phosphor is estimated to be less than 2 mGy. TL 3D spectra and PL spectra show that the luminescence from the phosphors arises from the 2D3/2 → 2F5/2,7/2 transition of Ce ions, and the TL 3D spectra at 130 K, 240 K and 458 K are almost the same, which proves that the temperature can hardly change the relative probability of the 2D3/2 → 2F5/2,7/2 transitions. The results show that YAGG:Ce could be used as dosimeter material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengye Xiong
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yuanting Liang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zhuo Xu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Jingyuan Guo
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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Llorente-Ortega M, Podhorski A, Fernandez S. Introducing a New Dosimeter for the Assessment and Monitoring of Vocal Risk Situations and Voice Disorders. J Voice 2022:S0892-1997(22)00239-9. [PMID: 36210222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are many physiological parameters recorded by devices that are becoming more affordable, precise and accurate. However, the lack of development in the recording of voice parameters from the physiological or medical point of view is striking, given that it is a fundamental tool for the work of many people and given the high incidence and prevalence of voice pathologies that affect people's communication. In this paper we perform a complete literature review on the dosimeters used in voice research and to present a prototype dosimeter with a pilot study to show its capabilities. METHOD We conducted a literature review using the keywords [MONITORING], [PHONATION], [ACCUMULATOR], [PORTABLE], [DOSIMETRY], [VOICE] searching in PubMed, Trip Database, HONcode, and SciELO search engines. From our review of dosimeter designs, we created our own prototype consisting of two main components: a Knowles Electronics BU-7135-0000 accelerometer mounted on a neck brace; and the ultra-low power MSP430FR5994 microcontroller. The selected sampling frequency was 2048 Hz. The device calculates the F0 every 250 ms and the amplitude and phonation activity every 31.25 ms. A pilot study was conducted using 2 subjects: one male during 11 days and one female during 14 days. RESULTS This work includes devices that have been created during the last 45 years as tools for the diagnosis and monitoring of the treatment of cases of vocal pathology and for the detection of phonatory patterns or risk situations for developing voice disorders or vocal pathologies. We also present recordings with our new device on the pattern of daily talk time, the fundamental frequency and the relative intensity of two subjects on different days. CONCLUSIONS Interesting work has been done in the development of voice dosimeters with different approaches. In our experience it is not possible to access them for research and they are not yet in clinical use. It is possible that a joint approach with voice and voice disorders professionals and engineers working closely together could take advantage of current technology to develop a fully portable, useful, and efficient system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Podhorski
- Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Department, TECNUN, School of Engineering, University of Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Secundino Fernandez
- Medical Engineering Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Spain; Voice Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine. University of Navarra, Spain
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Henning A, J Downs N, Vanos JK. Wearable ultraviolet radiation sensors for research and personal use. Int J Biometeorol 2022; 66:627-640. [PMID: 34743221 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancers are strongly linked to personal exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, yet UV exposure is also the most preventable risk factor. People are exposed to UV rays when they engage in outdoor activities, particularly exercise, which is an important health behavior. Thus, researchers and the general public have shown increasing interest in measuring UV exposure using wearable sensors during outdoor physical activity. However, minimal research exists at the intersection of UV sensors, personal exposure, adaptive behavior due to exposures, and risk of skin damage. Recent years have seen an influx of new consumer-based and research-based UV-sensing technologies with wide-ranging form factors and purposes to fill this research gap, yet a thorough review of available sensors for specific purposes does not exist. Hence, the overall goal of this state-of-the-art review is to synthesize the current academic and gray literature surrounding personal UV-sensing technologies. Peer-reviewed journal articles and "gray literature," such as working papers, manuals, and UV sensor websites, were reviewed, assessing attributes of UV wearables marketed for research use, personal use, or both. Overall, 13 wearable UV sensors are available for personal use and/or research applications. These sensors vary from electronic to photochromic, with large differences in price, data outputs, accuracy, and precision. Recommendations are provided for which sensors are most suitable for various types of research or public use. Notably, the review findings will help guide researchers in future studies assessing UV exposure during physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Henning
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Nathan J Downs
- School of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia
| | - Jennifer K Vanos
- School of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia.
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, 800 Cady Mall #108, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
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Abstract
The dosimeters used to measure radiation dose produce a value which has to be calibrated to be in keeping with the values in an approved laboratory, which will be one of an international network of such laboratories at the center of which is the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures in France (BIPM). Dosimeters work by producing a quantitatively proportional change in status to the intensity of the radiation being measure. Amongst the techniques in use are thermoluminescent devices, radiographic film, radiochromic film, semiconductors, ionization chambers, silicon diodes and gel dosimeters. The Gamma Knife radiation has been difficult to measure directly because the beams have been to fine for accurate measurement by commonly available dosimeters. For more modern dosimeters this is less of a problem. During the treatment of a patient, a variety of indices are recorded to assist in the standardization and accuracy of treatment. Having determined the dose in the beams, it is necessary to calculate how much energy is lost during the passage of radiation from the source to the target. There has been a steady evolution of these calculations to make them more accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C Ganz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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Farahmandzadeh F, Molaei M, Alehdaghi H, Karimipour M, Shamsi A. Effect of concentration and shell thickness on the optical behavior of aqueous CdTe/ZnSe core/shell quantum dots (QDs) exposed to ionizing radiation. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:431-439. [PMID: 34994062 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work CdTe/ZnSe core/shell quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized via a simple, rapid and room temperature photochemical approach. Optical properties of aqueous prepared CdTe/ZnSe QDs were studied systematically under gamma irradiation with doses range of 0 Gy to 20 kGy. The obtained results showed a regular red shift behavior versus gamma irradiation dose, in PL peak and absorption edge of the CdTe/ZnSe QDs. Structural properties of CdTe/ZnSe QDs before and after gamma irradiation were characteristic by means of XRD, Raman and FT-IR analyses. The obtained results showed that the crystalline structure of CdTe/ZnSe core/shell QDs wasn't changed after gamma irradiation. Concentration and shell thickness as two important factors on the sensitivity of CdTe/ZnSe QDs in front of gamma irradiation have been investigated. Based on this study, CdTe/ZnSe QDs suggested as a good candidate for gamma dosimeter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Molaei
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Vali-e-Asr University, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hassan Alehdaghi
- Department of physics, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari university, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Masoud Karimipour
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Vali-e-Asr University, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Alireza Shamsi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Vali-e-Asr University, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Karaaslan H, Engin B. ESR dosimetric properties of gamma irradiated different origin eyeglass samples. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 178:109987. [PMID: 34688023 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present research, mineral and organic origin eyeglasses (CR-39) were examined with respect to their potential application in the dosimetry of ionizing radiation by using electron spin resonance (ESR) technique. Before irradiation, organic and mineral origin eyeglasses did not exhibit any ESR signal. But they do produce radiation-induced ESR spectra after gamma irradiation. The variations of the radiation-induced resonance signals of organic and mineral origin eyeglasses with microwave power and modulation amplitude were investigated and the optimum spectrometer operating conditions were determined. The dose-response curves of the organic and mineral origin eyeglasses exposed to gamma radiations were found to be described well by a linear and single exponential saturation functions in the dose ranges of 0.1-10 and 0.05-10 kGy, respectively. For mineral eyeglasses this behavior was linear at lower doses (0.05-1 kGy). Despite the observed fading with time in the signal intensity, measurable ESR signals were obtained even 54 days after irradiation for organic origin eyeglass, while the corresponding value for the mineral eyeglass was 154 days. The study also showed that the thermal stability of the radiation-induced ESR signal of mineral eyeglass sample was higher than the signal of organic origin eyeglass.
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Snyder A, Valdebran M, Terrero D, Amber KT, Kelly KM. Solar Ultraviolet Exposure in Individuals Who Perform Outdoor Sport Activities. Sports Med Open 2020; 6:42. [PMID: 32880767 PMCID: PMC7471243 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the USA. Therefore, it is important to review the contribution of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure to skin cancer in individuals with the highest risk. Documenting the relationship between outdoor sports solar ultraviolet exposure and their risk of skin cancer along with appropriate risk mitigation strategies can help inform clinicians of practical information for counseling sun protective behaviors in this population. METHODS We conducted a review of the current evidence using PubMed to answer the following research questions: (1) How is ultraviolet radiation measured? (2) What is the modern utility of the ultraviolet index in modifying recreational sun protection behaviors? (3) What is the risk of developing skin cancer for outdoor sport participants? (4) What is the prevalence of skin cancer in sport participants? and (5) Is the number of nevi and solar lentigines elevated in outdoor sport participants? RESULTS Based on the literature, individuals who practice outdoor sport-related activities receive high ultraviolet radiation exposure, have a high risk for skin cancer, have a high prevalence for pigmented lesions, and may benefit from electronic sun protection educational interventions. CONCLUSIONS Individuals who practice outdoor sports experience substantially higher ultraviolet radiation exposure, routinely exceed the recommended exposure limits, and are at a higher risk of developing skin cancer. Therefore, those who are frequently engaged in outdoor leisure activities should be coached about efficient sun protective practices and relevant mobile technologies that may facilitate adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Snyder
- College of Graduate Studies, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Manuel Valdebran
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - David Terrero
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Kyle T Amber
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristen M Kelly
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Lindblad M, Tano E, Lindahl C, Huss F. Ultraviolet-C decontamination of a hospital room: Amount of UV light needed. Burns 2019; 46:842-849. [PMID: 31676249 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our primary aim was to investigate, using a commercial radiometer, the ultraviolet C (UVC) dose received in different areas in a burn ICU ward room after an automated UVC decontamination. The secondary aim was to validate a disposable UVC-dose indicator with the radiometer readings. METHODS Disposable indicators and an electronic radiometer were positioned in ten different positions in a burn ICU room. The room was decontaminated using the Tru-D™-UVC device. Colour changes of the disposable indicators and radiometer readings were noted and compared. Experiment was repeated 10 times. FINDINGS The UVC radiation received in different areas varied between 15.9mJ/cm2 and 1068mJ/cm2 (median 266mJ/cm2). Surfaces, at shorter distances and in the direct line of sight of the UVC device showed statistically significant higher UVC doses than surfaces in the shadow of equipment (p=0.019). The UVC-dose indicator's colour change corresponded with the commercially radiometer readings. CONCLUSIONS The amount of UVC radiation that is received in surfaces depends on their locations in the room (ie distance from the UVC emitter) and whether any objects shadow the light. In this study we suggest that quality controls should be used to assure that enough UVC radiation reaches all surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lindblad
- Burn Centre, Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Eva Tano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Bacteriology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | | | - Fredrik Huss
- Burn Centre, Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Bagheri Hosseinabadi M, Khanjani N, Ebrahimi MH, Mirbadie SR, Biganeh J. The effects of industrial noise exposure on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes among workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 92:1041-1046. [PMID: 31114963 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to measure individual exposure to noise and its effect on the levels of lipid peroxidation and enzymatic antioxidant defense. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 94 male workers working in a food factory in Shahroud, Iran, were selected as the case group and 112 people were also included as the control group. The level of exposure to noise was measured using a dosimeter and the equivalent level was calculated. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (Cat), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) were measured in the serum samples of all participants. Independent t test, one-way ANOVA, and multivariate linear regression were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The levels of MDA, Cat, and TAC were significantly higher in staff exposed to noise than in the controls. The starch and warehouse units' staff were exposed to the highest (99.3 ± 3.23 dB) and lowest (77.1 ± 9.68 dB) mean levels of sound pressure. Based on the linear regression model, noise exposure level was the most important predictor variable for levels of MDA (β = 0.48, CI 95% = 0.04-0.93), Cat (β = 0.43, CI 95% = 0.05-0.83), and TAC (β = 0.11, CI 95% = 0.06-0.16). CONCLUSIONS Noise exposure increases the production of free radicals. As exposure rate increases, the levels of MDA, Cat, and TAC enzymes increase as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ebrahimi
- Environmental and Occupational Health Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | | | - Jamal Biganeh
- School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Toktamiş H, Hama PO. Thermoluminescence dosimetric properties of silicon carbide (SiC) used in industrial applications. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 148:138-146. [PMID: 30954877 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Silicon Carbide (SiC), also known as carborundum, has been found to be widely useful as a substrate and wide band gap semiconductor in radiation resistant optoelectronic devices. The aim of this study is to discuss the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of silicon carbide (SiC) used in industrial applications for dosimetric purposes. Basic TL properties of these materials such as dose response, heating rate, fading effect and reproducibility have also been investigated. The largest TL peak intensity was observed at 400-1000 μm of particle size for the dosimetric peak (≈250 °C). A wide linear region between 12Gy and 2.3 kGy was observed. The good reproducibility was obtained with small standard deviation but low-temperature peaks were completely faded after 30 min storage in a dark room.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Toktamiş
- University of Gaziantep, Department of Engineering Physics, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Peshawa O Hama
- Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Electrical Power Engineering, 46001, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
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Elsayad K, Moustakis C, Simonsen M, Bäcker D, Haverkamp U, Eich HT. In-vivo dosimetric analysis in total skin electron beam therapy. Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol 2018; 6:61-65. [PMID: 33458390 PMCID: PMC7807580 DOI: 10.1016/j.phro.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and purpose Thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) is an important element of total skin electron beam therapy (TSEBT). In this study, we compare radiation dose distributions to provide data for dose variation across anatomic sites. Materials and methods Retrospectively collected data on 85 patients with cutaneous lymphoma or leukemia underwent TSEBT were reviewed. Patients were irradiated on two linear accelerators, in one of two positions (standing, n = 77; reclined, n = 8) and 1830 in vivo TLD measurements were obtained for various locations on 76 patients. Results The TLD results showed that the two TSEBT techniques were dosimetrically heterogeneous. At several sites, the dose administered correlated with height, weight, and gender. After the first TLD measurement, fourteen patients (18%) required MU modification, with a mean 10% reduction (range, −25 to +35). Individual TLD results allowed us to customize the boost treatment for each patient. For patients who were evaluated in the standing position, the most common underdosed sites were the axilla, perineum/perianal folds, and soles (each receiving 69%, 20%, and 34% of the prescribed dose, respectively). For patients evaluated in a reclining position, surface dose distribution was more heterogeneous. The sites underdosed most commonly were the axilla and perineum/perianal folds (receiving less than one third of prescribed dose). Significant variables were detected with model building. Conclusion TLD measurements were integral to quality assurance for TSEBT. Dose distribution at several anatomical sites correlated significantly with gender, height, and weight of the treated individual and might be predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Elsayad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christos Moustakis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Manuela Simonsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dagmar Bäcker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Haverkamp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Theodor Eich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Biró B, Fenyvesi A, Timar-Gabor A, Simon V. Thermoluminescence properties of 30Y 2O 3·30P 2O 5·40SiO 2 vitroceramics in mixed neutron-gamma fields. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 135:224-31. [PMID: 29433098 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Powders of the 30Y2O3·30P2O5·40SiO2 vitroceramic were irradiated with broad spectrum d+Be (Eneutron = 0-14.5 MeV) and quasi-monoenergetic d+D neutrons (Eneutron = 12.4 ± 0.22 MeV). The absorbed dose of d+Be neutrons was Dn = 2.52 ± 8% Gy with Dγ = 0.22 ± 14% Gy accompanied gamma absorbed dose. The absorbed dose of d+D neutrons was Dn = 1.43 ± 8% Gy with Dγ = 0.21 ± 14% Gy gamma absorbed dose. The thermoluminescence (TL) induced in the vitroceramics was studied. Both the gamma and neutron component contributed to the TL signals. The relative neutron sensitivities were [(TLn/TLγ)/(Dn/Dγ)]d+Be = 0.04 ± 60% and [(TLn/TLγ)/(Dn/Dγ)]d+D = 0.11 ± 43%.
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16
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Merget R, Nensa F, Heinze E, Taeger D, Bruening T. Spirometry or Body Plethysmography for the Assessment of Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness? Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 921:1-10. [PMID: 26820727 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2015_204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Methacholine testing is one of the standard tools for the diagnosis of mild asthma, but there is little information about optimal outcome measures. In this study a total of 395 college students were tested by the ATS dosimeter protocol for methacholine testing, with minor modification. Body plethysmography and spirometry were measured after each inhalation step. The end-of-test-criteria were (i) decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of ≥ 20 % and (ii) doubling of specific airway resistance and its increase to ≥ 2.0 kPa∙s. The results were expressed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots using questionnaire answers as a reference. The areas under the ROC curves were iteratively calculated for a wide range of thresholds for both measures. We found that ROC plots showed maximal sensitivities of about 0.5-0.6 for FEV1 and about 0.7 for specific airway conductance (sGt), with similar specificities of about 0.7-0.8 taking questions with the known high specificity as references. Accordingly, larger maximal areas under the ROC curve were observed for body plethysmography, but the differences were small. A decrease in FEV1 of about 15 % and a decrease of sGt of about 60 % showed the largest areas under the ROC curves. In conclusion, body plethysmography yielded better sensitivity than spirometry, with similar specificity. However, replacing the common spirometric criterium for a positive test (20 % decrease in FEV1 from baseline) by the optimal body plethysmographic criterium would result in an increase of false positive tests from about 4 to 8 % in healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Merget
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University, 1 Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz, 44789, Bochum (IPA), Germany.
| | - F Nensa
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University, 1 Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz, 44789, Bochum (IPA), Germany
| | - E Heinze
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University, 1 Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz, 44789, Bochum (IPA), Germany
| | - D Taeger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University, 1 Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz, 44789, Bochum (IPA), Germany
| | - T Bruening
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University, 1 Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz, 44789, Bochum (IPA), Germany
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Rabaeh KA, Basfar AA, Almousa AA, Devic S, Moftah B. New normoxic N-(Hydroxymethyl)acrylamide based polymer gel for 3D dosimetry in radiation therapy. Phys Med 2017; 33:121-126. [PMID: 28094138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel composition of normoxic polymer gel dosimeters based on radiation-induced polymerization of N-(Hydroxymethyl)acrylamide (NHMA) is introduced in this study for 3D dosimetry for Quality Assurance (QA) in radiation therapy. Dosimeters were irradiated by 6, 10 and 18MV photon beams of a medical linear accelerator at various dose rates to doses of up to 20Gy. The dose response of polymer gel dosimeters was studied using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin-spin relaxation rate (R2) of hydrogen protons within the water molecule. Also, we measured gel response using absorption spectroscopy and found that this novel gel can be successfully utilized for both MRI- and OCT- (Optical Computed Tomography) based 3D dosimetry. We investigated dosimetric properties of six different compositions of the new NHMA-based gel in terms of dose rate, radiation beam quality and stability of dose-dependent polymerization after irradiation. We found no significant effects of these parameters on the novel gel dosimeter performance in both relaxation rate and absorbance measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A Rabaeh
- Radiation Technology Center, Atomic Energy Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Medical Imaging Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
| | - Ahmed A Basfar
- Radiation Technology Center, Atomic Energy Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akram A Almousa
- Biomedical Physics Department, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Slobodan Devic
- Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Belal Moftah
- Biomedical Physics Department, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Awosan KJ, Ibrahim MTO, Saidu SA, Ma’aji SM, Danfulani M, Yunusa EU, Ikhuenbor DB, Ige TA. Knowledge of Radiation Hazards, Radiation Protection Practices and Clinical Profile of Health Workers in a Teaching Hospital in Northern Nigeria. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:LC07-12. [PMID: 27656470 PMCID: PMC5028529 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/20398.8394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Use of ionizing radiation in medical imaging for diagnostic and interventional purposes has risen dramatically in recent years with a concomitant increase in exposure of patients and health workers to radiation hazards. AIM To assess the knowledge of radiation hazards, radiation protection practices and clinical profile of health workers in UDUTH, Sokoto, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 110 Radiology, Radiotherapy and Dentistry staff selected by universal sampling technique. The study comprised of administration of standardized semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire (to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of radiation hazards, and radiation protection practices of participants), clinical assessment (comprising of chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasound and laboratory investigation on hematological parameters), and evaluation of radiation exposure of participants (extracted from existing hospital records on their radiation exposure status). RESULTS The participants were aged 20 to 65 years (mean = 34.04 ± 8.83), most of them were males (67.3%) and married (65.7%). Sixty five (59.1%) had good knowledge of radiation hazards, 58 (52.7%) had good knowledge of Personal Protective Devices (PPDs), less than a third, 30 (27.3%) consistently wore dosimeter, and very few (10.9% and below) consistently wore the various PPDs at work. The average annual radiation exposure over a 4 year period ranged from 0.0475mSv to 1.8725mSv. Only 1 (1.2%) of 86 participants had abnormal chest X-ray findings, 8 (9.4%) of 85 participants had abnormal abdominal ultrasound findings; while 17 (15.5%) and 11 (10.0%) of 110 participants had anemia and leucopenia respectively. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated poor radiation protection practices despite good knowledge of radiation hazards among the participants, but radiation exposure and prevalence of abnormal clinical conditions were found to be low. Periodic in-service training and monitoring on radiation safety was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- KJ Awosan
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Community Health, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - MTO Ibrahim
- Professor, Department of Community Health, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - SA Saidu
- Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - SM Ma’aji
- Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - M Danfulani
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Radiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - EU Yunusa
- Lecturer, Department of Community Health, Usmanu Danfodiyo University. Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - DB Ikhuenbor
- Chief Medical Laboratory Scientist, Department of Hematology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - TA Ige
- Chief Consultant Medical Physicist, Department of Medical Physics, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
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Khoshdel-Navi D, Shabestani-Monfared A, Deevband MR, Abdi R, Nabahati M. Local-Reference Patient Dose Evaluation in Conventional Radiography Examinations in Mazandaran, Iran. J Biomed Phys Eng 2016; 6:61-70. [PMID: 27672626 PMCID: PMC5022756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most efficient application of ionizing radiation is serving medical purposes and using this radiation has caused people to learn that artificial sources of radiation exposure among these resources can be of highest exposure rate. OBIECTIVE The present study is aimed at initially establishing a baseline for local-reference dose level in Mazandaran, Iran in 12 projections of the most conventional x-ray examination. METHODS In this study, 13 public hospitals in Mazandaran province were selected for review and required data collected for ten adult patients with mean weight of 70±10kg in each projection. Then, information of each center was separately analyzed. Next, in order to measure x-ray output tube, the dosimeter RTI model Barracuda calibrated has been applied for measuring air karma within energy rage of 40-150kvp. ESAK and ESD parameters, usually used for monitoring DRL in conventional radiography, were calculated. RESULTS Mean ESDs in this study has been obtained to 1.47±0.98 for skull (PA/AP), 1.01±0.79 for skull (LAT), 0.67±0.38 for cervical spine (AP), 0.79±0.37 for cervical (LAT), 0.49±0.38 for chest (PA/AP), 1.06±0.44 for chest (LAT), 2.15±0.73 for thoracic spine (AP), 3±0.87 for thoracic spine (LAT), 2.81 ±0.82 for lumbar spine (AP), 4.28±0.78 for lumbar (LAT), 2.07±1.17 for abdomen and 1.90±0.99 for pelvis, respectively. The ESDs calculated for chest examination in both projections, PA and LAT are more than values recommended by the UK (2000), Brazil and Slovenia. CONCLUSION The present study has determined wide variations in radiation dose of x-ray examinations among hospitals in Mazandaran, Iran. In order to reduce skin dose, an optimization procedure should be considered. Application of a reference dose (DRL) could be a practical method for this purpose. The role of optimization of radiography parameters for reducing patient dose is a significant issue. Through optimizing parameters, it would be possible to preserve image quality while reduction of patient dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Khoshdel-Navi
- School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - A. Shabestani-Monfared
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - M. R. Deevband
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R. Abdi
- Department of Radiology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - M. Nabahati
- Department of Radiology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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20
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King L, Xiang F, Swaminathan A, Lucas RM. Measuring sun exposure in epidemiological studies: Matching the method to the research question. J Photochem Photobiol B 2015; 153:373-9. [PMID: 26555640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sun exposure has risks and benefits for health. Testing these associations requires tools for measuring sun exposure that are feasible and relevant to the time-course of the health outcome. Recent sun exposure, e.g. the last week, is best captured by dosimeters and sun diaries. These can also be used for medium-term sun exposure e.g. over several weeks, but incur a high participant burden. Self-reported data on "typical time outdoors" for working and non-working days, is less detailed and not influenced by day-to-day variation. Over a longer period, e.g. the lifetime, or for particular life stages, proxies of sun exposure, such as latitude of residence or ambient ultraviolet (UV) radiation levels (from satellites or ground-level monitoring) can be used, with additional detail provided by lifetime sun exposure calendars that include locations of residence, usual time outdoors, and detail of sunburn episodes. Objective measures of lifetime sun exposure include microtopography of sun-exposed skin (e.g. using silicone casts) or conjunctival UV autofluorescence. Potential modifiers of the association between sun exposure and the health outcome, such as clothing coverage and skin colour, may also need to be measured. We provide a systematic approach to selecting sun exposure measures for use in epidemiological health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura King
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia.
| | - Fan Xiang
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
| | - Ashwin Swaminathan
- Acute and General Medicine Service, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra 2605, Australia
| | - Robyn M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
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Wainwright L, Parisi AV, Downs N. Dosimeter based on 8-methoxypsoralen for UVA exposures over extended periods. J Photochem Photobiol B 2015; 148:246-251. [PMID: 25981186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A miniaturized UVA dosimeter based on 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) has been developed and characterized for the evaluation of UVA (320-400 nm) exposures over extended periods longer than one day. Current research indicates that UVA is a contributing factor in non-melanoma skin cancers and the associated financial cost of damage caused by UVA is significant. Dosimetry is a technique that is commonly employed to measure UV exposures to an object or subject. Miniaturized dosimeters using polyphenylene oxide (PPO) have previously been used to measure received erythemal UV (UVery) exposures. A new miniaturized dosimeter using 8-MOP as the photoactive material has been characterized and a technique developed for the calibration of UVA exposures. Using Mylar as a UVB filter the spectral response showed 8-MOP to react only to wavelengths between 320 and 400 nm. The measured cosine response has an error of less than 13.8% for angles between 0° and 60°. Seasonal dose response tests conducted, indicate that these UVA dosimeters are able to measure exposures <4.6 kJ/m(2). These results have shown that a dosimeter constructed from 8-MOP in conjunction with a Mylar filter can measure UVA exposures over extended periods longer than one day.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wainwright
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia.
| | - A V Parisi
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia
| | - N Downs
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia
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Kubota Y, Takahashi H, Watanabe Y, Fuma S, Kawaguchi I, Aoki M, Kubota M, Furuhata Y, Shigemura Y, Yamada F, Ishikawa T, Obara S, Yoshida S. Estimation of absorbed radiation dose rates in wild rodents inhabiting a site severely contaminated by the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident. J Environ Radioact 2015; 142:124-131. [PMID: 25666988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The dose rates of radiation absorbed by wild rodents inhabiting a site severely contaminated by the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident were estimated. The large Japanese field mouse (Apodemus speciosus), also called the wood mouse, was the major rodent species captured in the sampling area, although other species of rodents, such as small field mice (Apodemus argenteus) and Japanese grass voles (Microtus montebelli), were also collected. The external exposure of rodents calculated from the activity concentrations of radiocesium ((134)Cs and (137)Cs) in litter and soil samples using the ERICA (Environmental Risk from Ionizing Contaminants: Assessment and Management) tool under the assumption that radionuclides existed as the infinite plane isotropic source was almost the same as those measured directly with glass dosimeters embedded in rodent abdomens. Our findings suggest that the ERICA tool is useful for estimating external dose rates to small animals inhabiting forest floors; however, the estimated dose rates showed large standard deviations. This could be an indication of the inhomogeneous distribution of radionuclides in the sampled litter and soil. There was a 50-fold difference between minimum and maximum whole-body activity concentrations measured in rodents at the time of capture. The radionuclides retained in rodents after capture decreased exponentially over time. Regression equations indicated that the biological half-life of radiocesium after capture was 3.31 d. At the time of capture, the lowest activity concentration was measured in the lung and was approximately half of the highest concentration measured in the mixture of muscle and bone. The average internal absorbed dose rate was markedly smaller than the average external dose rate (<10% of the total absorbed dose rate). The average total absorbed dose rate to wild rodents inhabiting the sampling area was estimated to be approximately 52 μGy h(-1) (1.2 mGy d(-1)), even 3 years after the accident. This dose rate exceeds 0.1-1 mGy d(-1) derived consideration reference level for Reference rat proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Kubota
- Project for Environmental Dynamics and Radiation Effects, Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Tokyo Nuclear Services Co., Ltd., 1-3-5 Taito, Taito-ku, Tokyo 110-0016, Japan
| | - Yoshito Watanabe
- Project for Environmental Dynamics and Radiation Effects, Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shoichi Fuma
- Project for Environmental Dynamics and Radiation Effects, Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Isao Kawaguchi
- Project for Environmental Dynamics and Radiation Effects, Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masanari Aoki
- Japan Wildlife Research Center, 3-3-7 Koutoubashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8606, Japan
| | - Masahide Kubota
- Japan Wildlife Research Center, 3-3-7 Koutoubashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8606, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Furuhata
- Japan Wildlife Research Center, 3-3-7 Koutoubashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8606, Japan
| | - Yusaku Shigemura
- Japan NUS Co., Ltd., 7-5-25 Nishi-shinjyuku, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Fumio Yamada
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Department of Technical Support and Development, Research, Development and Support Centre, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Obara
- Medical Radiation Exposure Project, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshida
- Project for Environmental Dynamics and Radiation Effects, Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Prasai K, Drabold DA. Simulations of silver-doped germanium-selenide glasses and their response to radiation. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:594. [PMID: 25426005 PMCID: PMC4240743 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chalcogenide glasses doped with silver have many applications including their use as a novel radiation sensor. In this paper, we undertake the first atomistic simulation of radiation damage and healing in silver-doped Germanium-selenide glass. We jointly employ empirical potentials and ab initio methods to create and characterize new structural models and to show that they are in accord with many experimental observations. Next, we simulate a thermal spike and track the evolution of the radiation damage and its eventual healing by application of a simulated annealing process. The silver network is strongly affected by the rearrangements, and its connectivity (and thus contribution to the electrical conductivity) change rapidly in time. The electronic structure of the material after annealing is essentially identical to that of the initial structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Prasai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Condensed Matter and Surface Science Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - David A Drabold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Condensed Matter and Surface Science Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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Bailly M, Zinsius A, Maia S, Santiago Ribeiro MJ. [Radiation exposure of surgical staff during sentinel node surgery. Is there a risk for the surgeon and his team?]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 42:296-300. [PMID: 24533993 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess the radiation exposure of surgical staff during sentinel node surgery in gynecology using a radiotracer, the (99m)Tc-microalbumin. MATERIALS AND METHODS A monocentric, prospective study was conducted during 3 months representing 40 sentinel node surgical procedures with different dosimetric measurements. Dosimeters were used to evaluate the whole body and the fingers radiation exposure for all exposed workers (surgeon, nurse and surgical assistant). Another dosimeter was used to estimate the atmospheric radiation level. The activity of (99m)Tc-microalbumin was 50.1±2.4MBq when the surgery was performed the same day and 90.4±3.2MBq when the surgery was performed the day after. RESULTS Radioactive doses received during each procedure by the surgeon, surgical assistant and nurse are 5, 3.75 and 0μSv for whole body exposure and 17.5, 15.6 and 16.2μSv for extremities respectively. Atmosphere dosimeter does not detect any radiation over this period. On average, 200 procedures are performed each year in our hospital by 7 surgeons. Surgeon's radiation exposure remains below the threshold of 1mSv annual for whole body and 50mSv annual for fingers set for public by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS During sentinel node surgery radiation exposure of surgical staff is weak. Everyone, including the surgeon, receives a dose below the limits of the public radiation exposure. There is no need for special dosimetric monitoring or use radiation protective devices during the sentinel node surgery using (99m)Tc-microalbumin injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bailly
- Service de médecine nucléaire, hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU-hôpitaux de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnelé, 37000 Tours, France.
| | - A Zinsius
- Service de médecine nucléaire, hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU-hôpitaux de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnelé, 37000 Tours, France; Service compétent en radioprotection, hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU-hôpitaux de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnelé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - S Maia
- Service compétent en radioprotection, hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU-hôpitaux de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnelé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - M-J Santiago Ribeiro
- Service de médecine nucléaire, hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU-hôpitaux de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnelé, 37000 Tours, France
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Williams K, Robinson N, Trapp J, Ackerly T, Das R, Kemp P, Geso M. A portable organic plastic scintillator dosimetry system for low energy X-rays: A feasibility study using an intraoperative X-ray unit as the radiation source. J Med Phys 2011; 32:73-6. [PMID: 21157539 PMCID: PMC3000535 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6203.33245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective use of near water equivalent organic plastic scintillators (OPS) for radiation dosimetry with high-energy sources under laboratory conditions is recognized. In this work, an OPS-based dosimeter using a photodiode combined with improved solid state detection and signal processing techniques has been developed; it offers the potential for the construction of a stable and fully portable dosimeter which will extend the useful range of measurement beyond the usual MeV area and provide reliable readings down to sub-‘100 keV’ X-ray energy levels. In these experiments, the instrument described has been used for the dosimetry of INTRABEAM intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) equipment at distances as low as 1.8 mm from the effective source, i.e., 0.2 mm from the X-ray probe surface. Comparison is shown with dosimetry measurements made using the calibrated reference ion chamber supplied by the IORT equipment manufacturer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Williams
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000
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Vlachopoulou V, Malatara G, Delis H, Theodorou K, Kardamakis D, Panayiotakis G. Peripheral dose measurement in high-energy photon radiotherapy with the implementation of MOSFET. World J Radiol 2010; 2:434-9. [PMID: 21179311 PMCID: PMC3006482 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v2.i11.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the peripheral dose (PD) from high-energy photon beams in radiotherapy using the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) dose verification system.
METHODS: The radiation dose absorbed by the MOSFET detector was calculated taking into account the manufacturer’s Correction Factor, the Calibration Factor and the threshold voltage shift. PD measurements were carried out for three different field sizes (5 cm × 5 cm, 10 cm × 10 cm and 15 cm × 15 cm) and for various depths with the source to surface distance set at 100 cm. Dose measurements were realized on the central axis and then at distances (1 to 18 cm) parallel to the edge of the field, and were expressed as the percentage PD (% PD) with respect to the maximum dose (dmax). The accuracy of the results was evaluated with respect to a calibrated 0.3 cm3 ionization chamber. The reproducibility was expressed in terms of standard deviation (s) and coefficient of variation.
RESULTS: % PD is higher near the phantom surface and drops to a minimum at the depth of dmax, and then tends to become constant with depth. Internal scatter radiation is the predominant source of PD and the depth dependence is determined by the attenuation of the primary photons. Closer to the field edge, where internal scatter from the phantom dominates, the % PD increases with depth because the ratio of the scatter to primary increases with depth. A few centimeters away from the field, where collimator scatter and leakage dominate, the % PD decreases with depth, due to attenuation by the water. The % PD decreases almost exponentially with the increase of distance from the field edge. The decrease of the % PD is more than 60% and can reach up to 90% as the measurement point departs from the edge of the field. For a given distance, the % PD is significantly higher for larger field sizes, due to the increase of the scattering volume. Finally, the measured PD obtained with MOSFET is higher than that obtained with an ionization chamber with percentage differences being from 0.6% to 34.0%. However, when normalized to the central dmax this difference is less than 1%. The MOSFET system, in the early stage of its life, has a dose measurement reproducibility of within 1.8%, 2.7%, 8.9% and 13.6% for 22.8, 11.3, 3.5 and 1.3 cGy dose assessments, respectively. In the late stage of MOSFET life the corresponding values change to 1.5%, 4.8%, 11.1% and 29.9% for 21.8, 2.9, 1.6 and 1.0 cGy, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Comparative results acquired with the MOSFET and with an ionization chamber show fair agreement, supporting the suitability of this measurement for clinical in vivo dosimetry.
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