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Li J, Chen Z, Chen J, Yu Y. The beneficial roles of apelin-13/APJ system in cerebral ischemia: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:903151. [PMID: 36034795 PMCID: PMC9399844 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cerebral ischemia has increased in the past decades, and the high fatality and disability rates seriously affect human health. Apelin is a bioactive peptide and the ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Both are ubiquitously expressed in the peripheral and central nervous systems, and regulate various physiological and pathological process in the cardiovascular, nervous and endocrine systems. Apelin-13 is one of the subtypes of apelin, and the apelin-13/APJ signaling pathway protects against cerebral ischemia by promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting excitotoxicity and stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques. In this review, we have discussed the role of apelin-13 in the regulation of cerebral ischemia and the underlying mechanisms, along with the therapeutic potential of the apelin-13/APJ signaling pathway in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Chen
- Department of Tuina, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Chen, ; Yue Yu,
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Chen, ; Yue Yu,
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Wang P, Wang Y, Peng H, Wang J, Zheng Q, Wang P, Wang J, Zhang H, Huang Y, Xiong L, Zhang R, Xia Y, Wang QK, Xu C. Functional rare variant in a C/EBP beta binding site in NINJ2 gene increases the risk of coronary artery disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:25393-25407. [PMID: 34897030 PMCID: PMC8714150 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: NINJ2 regulates activation of vascular endothelial cells, and genome-wide association studies showed that variants in NINJ2 confer risk to stroke. However, whether variants in NINJ2 are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown. Methods: We genotyped rs34166160 in NINJ2 in two independent Chinese GeneID populations which included 2,794 CAD cases and 4,131 controls, and performed genetics association studies. Functional studies were also performed to reveal the mechanisms. Results: Allele rs34166160 significantly confers risk to CAD in the GeneID Hubei population which contained 1,440 CAD cases and 2,660 CAD-free controls (observed P-obs = 6.39 × 10−3 with an odds ratio (OR) was 3.39, adjusted P-adj = 8.12 × 10−3 with an OR of 3.10). The association was replicated in another population, GeneID Shandong population contained 1,354 CAD cases and 1,471 controls (P-obs = 3.33 × 10−3 with an OR of 3.14, P-adj = 0.01 with an OR of 2.74). After combining the two populations, the association was more significant (P-obs = 1.57 × 10−5 with an OR of 3.58, P-adj = 3.41 × 10−4 with an OR of 2.80). In addition, we found that rs34166160 was associated with the mRNA expression level of NINJ2 and the flanking region of rs34166160 can directly bind with transcriptional factor CCAAT-box/enhancer-binding protein beta, and the risk A allele has more transcription activity than non-risk C allele with or without LPS in HUVEC cells. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that the functional rare variant rs34166160 in NINJ2 confers risk to CAD for the first time, and these findings further expand the range of the pathology of CAD and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liyuan Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Huixin Peng
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Pengxia Wang
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Precision Medical Laboratory, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liyuan Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Rongfeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Qing K Wang
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chengqi Xu
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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Zhou JX, Shuai NN, Wang B, Jin X, Kuang X, Tian SW. Neuroprotective gain of Apelin/APJ system. Neuropeptides 2021; 87:102131. [PMID: 33640616 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous ligand of G protein-coupled receptor APJ. In recent years, many studies have shown that the apelin/APJ system has neuroprotective properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, and regulating autophagy, blocking excitatory toxicity. Apelin/APJ system has been proven to play a role in various neurological diseases and may be a promising therapeutic target for nervous system diseases. In this paper, the neuroprotective properties of the apelin/APJ system and its role in neurologic disorders are reviewed. Further understanding of the pathophysiological effect and mechanism of the apelin/APJ system in the nervous system will help develop new therapeutic interventions for various neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xiu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, PR China
| | - Nian-Nian Shuai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xin Kuang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, PR China.
| | - Shao-Wen Tian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, PR China.
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Wang Y, Liu W, Xiao Y, Yuan H, Wang F, Jiang P, Luo Z. Association of Apelin and Apelin Receptor Polymorphisms With the Risk of Comorbid Depression and Anxiety in Coronary Heart Disease Patients. Front Genet 2020; 11:893. [PMID: 32849850 PMCID: PMC7432257 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Apelin (APLN)/apelin receptor (APLNR) signaling pathway is a newly identified regulator in various cardiovascular diseases, which is considered as a candidate pathway for the occurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD), depression, and anxiety. The goal of this study was to investigate the association between APLN/APLNR gene polymorphisms and the risk of depression and anxiety in CHD patients. To this end, a case-control study involving 269 CHD patients and 184 healthy control individuals was conducted. The 269 patients with CHD including 122 patients with and 147 patients without depression, and 56 patients with and 213 patients without anxiety Four single nucleotide polymorphisms were selected and successfully genotyped using Sanger sequencing. The APLN rs2235310T allele and APLNR rs9943582C allele were found to be associated with an increased risk of CHD after multiple test correction (P-adjust < 0.05). The patients with CHD who carried the rs9943582C allele had a higher risk of depression, after adjusting for alcohol drinking habits, insomnia, hypertension, and stroke history, with the Bonferroni correction (P-adjust = 0.018). The APLNR rs2282623 T allele was associated with an increased risk of anxiety in CHD patients after adjusting for related disease complications, with the Bonferroni correction (P-adjust = 0.022). We reported for the first time that the APLN rs2235310 and APLNR rs2282623 polymorphisms are associated with the risks of psychiatric disorders in CHD patients and may serve as novel biomarkers for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiwen Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zhiying Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Lv SY, Chen WD, Wang YD. The Apelin/APJ System in Psychosis and Neuropathy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:320. [PMID: 32231577 PMCID: PMC7082832 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin, an endogenous neuropeptide, has been identified as the cognate ligand for the G-protein-coupled receptor APJ. Apelin, APJ messenger RNA, and protein are widely expressed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues of humans and animals. The apelin/APJ system has been implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes. The present article reviews the progress of the latest research investigating the apelin/APJ system in pain, depression, anxiety, memory, epilepsy, neuroprotection, stroke, and brain injury and protection, and highlights its promising potential as a therapeutic target for treatment of psychosis and neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Yu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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Tian Y, Chen R, Jiang Y, Bai B, Yang T, Liu H. The Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Apelin/APJ System on Ischemic Stroke: A Promising Therapeutic Target. Front Neurol 2020; 11:75. [PMID: 32194492 PMCID: PMC7063119 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The orphan receptor APJ and its endogenous ligand apelin, which are expressed in the brain, are the major components of the apelin/APJ system. Growing evidence shows that the apelin/APJ system plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemic injury. Targeting the apelin/APJ system may have protective effects on cerebral ischemic injury. In this review, we sum up the latest research progress relating to the actions and therapeutic potential of the apelin/APJ system in ischemic stroke. An in-depth knowledge of the pathophysiological effects of the apelin/APJ system and the underlying mechanisms will help to develop novel therapeutic interventions for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ruijiao Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yunlu Jiang
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Institute of Neurobiology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bo Bai
- Institute of Neurobiology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Tongju Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Zoucheng City, Jining, China
| | - Haiqing Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, China
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