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Öz-Arslan D, Durer ZA, Kan B. G protein-coupled receptor-mediated autophagy in health and disease. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38501194 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest and most diverse superfamily of mammalian transmembrane proteins. These receptors are involved in a wide range of physiological functions and are targets for more than a third of available drugs in the market. Autophagy is a cellular process involved in degrading damaged proteins and organelles and in recycling cellular components. Deficiencies in autophagy are involved in a variety of pathological conditions. Both GPCRs and autophagy are essential in preserving homeostasis and cell survival. There is emerging evidence suggesting that GPCRs are direct regulators of autophagy. Additionally, autophagic machinery is involved in the regulation of GPCR signalling. The interplay between GPCR and autophagic signalling mechanisms significantly impacts on health and disease; however, there is still an incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications in different tissues and disease contexts. This review aims to discuss the interactions between GPCR and autophagy signalling. Studies on muscarinic receptors, beta-adrenoceptors, taste receptors, purinergic receptors and adhesion GPCRs are summarized, in relation to autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Öz-Arslan
- Department of Biophysics, Acibadem MAA University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Aslıhan Durer
- Department of Biophysics, Acibadem MAA University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biochemistry, Acibadem MAA University, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beki Kan
- Department of Biophysics, Acibadem MAA University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Theinel MH, Nucci MP, Alves AH, Dias OFM, Mamani JB, Garrigós MM, Oliveira FA, Rego GNA, Valle NME, Cianciarullo G, Gamarra LF. The Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Breast Cancer as a Preventive Measure or as an Adjunct to Conventional Treatments. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061310. [PMID: 36986040 PMCID: PMC10052714 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to understand how omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) supplements affect breast cancer prevention and treatment, a systematic review of articles published in the last 5 years in two databases was performed. Of the 679 articles identified, only 27 were included and examined based on five topics, taking into account: the induction type of the breast cancer used in animal models; the characteristics of the induction model by cell transplantation; the experimental design of the ω-3 supplementation—combined or not with a treatment antitumor drug; the fatty acids (FAs) composition used; the analysis of the studies’ outcomes. There are diverse and well-established animal models of breast cancer in the literature, with very relevant histological and molecular similarities depending on the specific objective of the study, such as whether the method of tumor induction was transgenic, by cell transplantation, or by oncogenic drugs. The analyses of outcomes were mainly focused on monitoring tumor growth, body/tumor weight, and molecular, genetic, or histological analyses, and few studies evaluated latency, survival, or metastases. The best results occurred when supplementation with ω-3 PUFA was associated with antitumor drugs, especially in the analysis of metastases and volume/weight of tumors or when the supplementation was started early and maintained for a long time. However, the beneficial effect of ω-3 PUFA supplementation when not associated with an antitumor agent remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana P. Nucci
- LIM44–Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lionel F. Gamarra
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-2151-0243
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Karmokar PF, Moniri NH. Oncogenic signaling of the free-fatty acid receptors FFA1 and FFA4 in human breast carcinoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115328. [PMID: 36309079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer in women, and most breast cancer-associated deaths are due to metastasis and recurrence of the disease. Dietary habits, specifically dietary fat intake is a crucial risk factor involved in breast cancer development and progression. Decades of research has revealed that free-fatty acids (FFA) modulate carcinogenic processes through fatty acid metabolism and lipid peroxidation. The ground-breaking discovery of free-fatty acid receptors, which are members of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, has led to the realization that FFA can also act via these receptors to modulate carcinogenic effects. The long-chain free-fatty acid receptors FFA1 (previously termed GPR40) and FFA4 (previously termed GPR120) are activated by mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids including ω-3, 6, and 9 fatty acids. Initial enthusiasm towards the study of these receptors focused on their insulin secretagogue and sensitization effects, and the downstream associated metabolic regulation. However, recent studies have demonstrated that abnormal expression and/or aberrant FFA1/FFA4 signaling are evident in human breast carcinomas, suggesting that FFA receptors could be a promising target in the treatment of breast cancer. The current review discusses the diverse roles of FFA1 and FFA4 in the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemotherapy resistance in human breast carcinoma cells and tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka F Karmokar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Nader H Moniri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Macon, GA 31207, USA.
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Insight on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Endometrial Receptivity. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010036. [PMID: 35053184 PMCID: PMC8773570 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial receptivity plays a crucial role in fertilization as well as pregnancy outcome in patients faced with fertility challenges. The optimization of endometrial receptivity may help with normal implantation of the embryo, and endometrial receptivity may be affected by numerous factors. Recently, the role of lipids in pregnancy has been increasingly recognized. Fatty acids and their metabolites may be involved in all stages of pregnancy and play a role in supporting cell proliferation and development, participating in cell signaling and regulating cell function. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular, are essential fatty acids for the human body that can affect the receptivity of the endometrium through in a variety of methods, such as producing prostaglandins, estrogen and progesterone, among others. Additionally, polyunsaturated fatty acids are also involved in immunity and the regulation of endometrial decidualization. Fatty acids are essential for fetal placental growth and development. The interrelationship of polyunsaturated fatty acids with these substances and how they may affect endometrial receptivity will be reviewed in this article.
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5
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Faghfouri AH, Khajebishak Y, Payahoo L, Faghfuri E, Alivand M. PPAR-gamma agonists: Potential modulators of autophagy in obesity. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174562. [PMID: 34655597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of some obesity related health problems. As obesity is a nutrient sufficiency condition, autophagy process can be altered in obesity through AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibition. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) as the main modulator of adipogenesis process can be effective in the regulation of obesity related phenotypes. As well, it has been revealed that PPAR-gamma and its agonists can regulate autophagy in different normal or cancer cells. However, their effects on autophagy modulation in obesity have been investigated in the limited number of studies. In the current comprehensive mechanistic review, we aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms of action of PPAR-gamma on the process of autophagy in obesity through narrating the effects of PPAR-gamma on autophagy in the non-obesity conditions. Moreover, mode of action of PPAR-gamma agonists on autophagy related implications comprehensively reviewed in the various studies. Understanding the different effects of PPAR-gamma agonists on autophagy in obesity can help to develop a new approach to management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Faghfouri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yaser Khajebishak
- Department of Nutrition, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, I.R., Iran
| | - Laleh Payahoo
- Department of Nutrition, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, I.R., Iran
| | - Elnaz Faghfuri
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Alivand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Wang C, Chu X, Deng Y, Wang J, Qiu T, Zhu J, Yang X, Pan C, Xiong J, Xie J, Chang Y, Zhang J. PA and OA induce abnormal glucose metabolism by inhibiting KLF15 in adipocytes. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:100. [PMID: 34802421 PMCID: PMC8607635 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity-induced elevated serum free fatty acids (FFAs) levels result in the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the molecular mechanism remains largely enigmatic. This study was to explore the effect and mechanism of KLF15 on FFAs-induced abnormal glucose metabolism. Methods Levels of TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and glucose were measured by different assay kits. qRT-PCR and Western Blot were used to detect the levels of GPR120, GPR40, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, KLF15, and downstream factors. Results KLF15 was decreased in visceral adipose tissue of obesity subjects and high-fat diet (HFD) mice. In HFD mice, GPR120 antagonist significantly promoted KLF15 protein expression level and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, meanwhile reduced the blood glucose levels. While, blocking GPR40 inhibited the KLF15 expression. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, 1500 μM PA inhibited KLF15 through a GPR120/P-p38 MAPK signal pathway, and 750 μM OA inhibited KLF15 mainly through GPR120 while not dependent on P-p38 MAPK, ultimately resulting in abnormal glucose metabolism. Unfortunately, GPR40 didn’t contribute to PA or OA-induced KLF15 reduction. Conclusions Both PA and OA inhibit KLF15 expression through GPR120, leading to abnormal glucose metabolism in adipocytes. Notably, the inhibition of KLF15 expression by PA depends on phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-021-00628-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuizhe Wang
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaolong Chu
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuchun Deng
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jingzhou Wang
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tongtong Qiu
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhu
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chongge Pan
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianyu Xiong
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianxin Xie
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yongsheng Chang
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China. .,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300000, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
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Varlamova EA, Isagulieva AK, Morozova NG, Shmendel EV, Maslov MA, Shtil AA. Non-Phosphorus Lipids As New Antitumor Drug Prototypes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021050356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Al-Bari MAA, Ito Y, Ahmed S, Radwan N, Ahmed HS, Eid N. Targeting Autophagy with Natural Products as a Potential Therapeutic Approach for Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9807. [PMID: 34575981 PMCID: PMC8467030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macro-autophagy (autophagy) is a highly conserved eukaryotic intracellular process of self-digestion caused by lysosomes on demand, which is upregulated as a survival strategy upon exposure to various stressors, such as metabolic insults, cytotoxic drugs, and alcohol abuse. Paradoxically, autophagy dysfunction also contributes to cancer and aging. It is well known that regulating autophagy by targeting specific regulatory molecules in its machinery can modulate multiple disease processes. Therefore, autophagy represents a significant pharmacological target for drug development and therapeutic interventions in various diseases, including cancers. According to the framework of autophagy, the suppression or induction of autophagy can exert therapeutic properties through the promotion of cell death or cell survival, which are the two main events targeted by cancer therapies. Remarkably, natural products have attracted attention in the anticancer drug discovery field, because they are biologically friendly and have potential therapeutic effects. In this review, we summarize the up-to-date knowledge regarding natural products that can modulate autophagy in various cancers. These findings will provide a new position to exploit more natural compounds as potential novel anticancer drugs and will lead to a better understanding of molecular pathways by targeting the various autophagy stages of upcoming cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuko Ito
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2–7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Samrein Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, College of Health and Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
| | - Nada Radwan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Hend S. Ahmed
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Omdurman Ahlia University, Khartoum 786, Sudan;
| | - Nabil Eid
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates;
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Thérien A, Cieślak A, Verreault M, Perreault M, Trottier J, Gobeil S, Vohl MC, Barbier O. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid: A Pharmaco-Nutraceutical Approach to Improve the Responsiveness to Ursodeoxycholic Acid. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082617. [PMID: 34444777 PMCID: PMC8400581 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the first line therapy for the treatment of cholestatic and autoimmune liver diseases. Its clinical use is currently limited by a significant proportion of non-responder patients. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) possess important anti-inflammatory properties and protect liver cells against bile acid (BA)-induced toxicity. The present study was designed to rapidly evaluate whether combining n-3 PUFAs (i.e., eicosapentaenoic [EPA] and docosahexaenoic [DHA] acids) to UDCA would provide additional benefits when compared to the drug alone. The parameters evaluated were (i) the expression of genes governing BA synthesis, transport, and metabolism; (ii) the prevention of BA-induced apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress; and (iii) the control of BA- and LPS-dependent inflammation. In the absence of n-3 PUFAs, most of the parameters investigated were unaffected by UDCA or were only altered by the higher dose (500 µM) of the drug. By contrast, in the presence of EPA/DHA (50/50 µM), all parameters showed a strongly improved response and the lowest UDCA dosage (50 µM) provided equal or better benefits than the highest dose used alone. For example, the combination EPA/DHA + UDCA 50 µM caused comparable down-regulation of the CYP7A1 gene expression and of the BA-induced caspase 3 activity as observed with UDCA 500 µM. In conclusion, these results suggest that the addition of n-3 PUFAs to UDCA may improve the response to the drug, and that such a pharmaco-nutraceutical approach could be used in clinic to open the narrow therapeutic dose of UDCA in cholestatic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Thérien
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.T.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (S.G.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Anna Cieślak
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.T.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (S.G.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mélanie Verreault
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.T.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Martin Perreault
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.T.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (S.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Trottier
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.T.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Stéphane Gobeil
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.T.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (S.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Olivier Barbier
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.T.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (S.G.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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Wang L, Xu X, Liu T, Wang J, Shen J, Guo M, Wu Y, Zhai X, Zuo D. 1-(4-((5-chloro-4-((2-(isopropylsulfonyl)phenyl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)imidazolidin-2-one (ZX-42), a novel ALK inhibitor, induces apoptosis and protective autophagy in H2228 cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1370-1382. [PMID: 32596809 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the antiproliferative effects of 1-(4-((5-chloro-4-((2-(isopropylsulfonyl)phenyl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)imidazolidin-2-one (ZX-42) on the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-4/anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion gene (EML4-ALK) positive lung cancer cell line H2228 and its underlying mechanism. METHODS The MTT assay was used to study the effect of ZX-42 on H2228 cell growth. Propidium iodide (PI) staining and Western blotting were used to investigate the cell cycle changes. ZX-42-induced cell apoptosis was determined using the Annexin V-FITC/PI (AV/PI) apoptotic assay kit, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) and Hoechst 33258 staining, Rhodamine 123 (Rh 123) fluorescence assay and Western blotting. ZX-42-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was examined by ROS assay kit. Transmission electron microscope, monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining and the AV/PI apoptotic assay kit were used to demonstrate the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis. KEY FINDINGS ZX-42 had good cell viability inhibitory effect on H2228 cells. ZX-42 dramatically inhibited ALK and its downstream pathways. ZX-42 also blocked H2228 cell cycle at G1 phase and then induced apoptosis by activating the mitochondrial pathway. Next, ZX-42 induced the production of ROS, and antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduced ROS production and also decreased apoptotic rates. We also found that ZX-42 induced protective autophagy in H2228 cells. CONCLUSIONS In summary, ZX-42 is a novel ALK inhibitor that significantly inhibits the cell viability of H2228 cells and ultimately induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, in which autophagy plays a protective role. Therefore, inhibition of autophagy might enhance the anti-cancer effect of ZX-42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaobo Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junfang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiwei Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Daiying Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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11
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Brown I, Lee J, Sneddon AA, Cascio MG, Pertwee RG, Wahle KWJ, Rotondo D, Heys SD. Anticancer effects of n-3 EPA and DHA and their endocannabinoid derivatives on breast cancer cell growth and invasion. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 156:102024. [PMID: 31679810 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.102024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer effects of the omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), EPA and DHA may be due, at least in part, to conversion to their respective endocannabinoid derivatives, eicosapentaenoyl-ethanolamine (EPEA) and docosahexaenoyl-ethanolamine (DHEA). Here, the effects of EPEA and DHEA and their parent compounds, EPA and DHA, on breast cancer (BC) cell function was examined. EPEA and DHEA exhibited greater anti-cancer effects than EPA and DHA in two BC cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) whilst displaying no effect in non-malignant breast cells (MCF-10a). Both BC lines expressed CB1/2 receptors that were responsible, at least partly, for the observed anti-proliferative effects of the omega-3 endocannabinoids as determined by receptor antagonism studies. Additionally, major signalling mechanisms elicited by these CB ligands included altered phosphorylation of p38-MAPK, JNK, and ERK proteins. Both LCPUFAs and their endocannabinoids attenuated the expression of signal proteins in BC cells, albeit to different extents depending on cell type and lipid effectors. These signal proteins are implicated in apoptosis and attenuation of BC cell migration and invasiveness. Furthermore, only DHA reduced in vitro MDA-MB-231 migration whereas both LCPUFAs and their endocannabinoids significantly inhibited invasiveness. This finding was consistent with reduced integrin β3 expression observed with all treatments and reduced MMP-1 and VEGF with DHA treatment. Attenuation of cell viability, migration and invasion of malignant cells indicates a potential adjunct nutritional therapeutic use of these LCPUFAs and/or their endocannabinoids in treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Brown
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Jisun Lee
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Alan A Sneddon
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Maria G Cascio
- Translational Neuroscience Research Programme, School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Roger G Pertwee
- Translational Neuroscience Research Programme, School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Klaus W J Wahle
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK; Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Dino Rotondo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Steven D Heys
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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12
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Huang Z, Liu CA, Cai PZ, Xu FP, Zhu WJ, Wang WW, Jiang HP. Omega-3PUFA Attenuates MNU-Induced Colorectal Cancer in Rats by Blocking PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2 Signaling. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1953-1965. [PMID: 32184629 PMCID: PMC7062403 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s241298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (Omega-3PUFA) is one of the essential nutrients for human body involved in intracellular metabolic regulation and cell signaling. Previous studies have shown that Omega-3PUFA is involved in the pathogenesis of digestive system tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC), however, the effects of Omega-3PUFA on CRC has not been fully elucidated. In the current study, we evaluated whether Omega-3PUFA can alleviate N-methyl-N-nitrosourea(MNU) induced CRC in a rat model and illustrated the potential mechanism. Methods The effects of Omga-3PUFA on MNU-induced colorectal cancer in rats were analyzed by in vivo experiments. The viability, apoptosis, colony formation and invasion of CRC cells treated with Omga-3PUFA were detected by CCK8, flow cytometry, clone formation assay and transwell invasion assay. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins in CRC cells treated with Omga-3PUFA was detected by Western blotting. Finally, after adding PI3K activator, the viability, apoptosis and protein expression of CRC cells treated with Omga-3PUFA were detected by CCK8, flow cytometry and Western blotting. Results Our results showed that Omega-3PUFA attenuated MNU-induced CRC in rats and inhibited AKT/Bcl-2 signaling in rats. In addition, Omega-3PUFA inhibited CRC cell proliferation and induces CRC cell apoptosis. Moreover, Omega-3PUFA inhibited CRC cell colony formation and invasion, and inhibited PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2 signaling in CRC cells. Furthermore, The effects of Omega-3PUFA on cell proliferation and apoptosis were inhibited by blocking PI3K/AKT signaling. Conclusion Omega-3PUFA can attenuate MNU-induced colorectal cancer in rats by blocking PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2 signaling, which suggests that Omega-3PUFA may be a potent agent for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-An Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Ji'an Central Hosipital, Ji'an 343000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Zhu Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Peng Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ping Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, People's Republic of China
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13
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Zhu S, Wei L, Lin G, Tong Y, Zhang J, Jiang X, He Q, Lu X, Zhu DD, Chen YQ. Metabolic Alterations Induced by Kudingcha Lead to Cancer Cell Apoptosis and Metastasis Inhibition. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:696-707. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1645865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Zhu
- School of Wuxi Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Lengyun Wei
- School of Wuxi Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, China
| | - Guangxiao Lin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuelin Tong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- School of Wuxi Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- School of Wuxi Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingwen He
- School of Wuxi Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, China
| | - Xuyang Lu
- School of Wuxi Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, China
| | - Dou Dou Zhu
- School of Wuxi Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong Q. Chen
- School of Wuxi Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, China
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14
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Zou Z, Gu Z, Li L, Zhao M, Su L. [Role of cytoplasmic p53-mediated suppression of autophagy in heat stress-induced injury of cultured mouse aortic endothelial cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:787-793. [PMID: 33168505 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.07.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association of cytoplasmic p53 with autophagy and apoptosis of primary aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) exposed to heat stress. METHODS Cultured mouse MAECs were exposed to heat stress induced by incubation at 43 ℃ for 2 h, with the cells in routine culture condition (37 ℃, 5% CO2) as the control group. All the cells were further incubated for 1, 3, 6 or 9 h at 37 ℃ before treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA (5 mmol/L), the autophagy inducer rapamycin (20 μmol/L), or the p53 inhibitor PFT (10 μmol/L) for 1 h. After the treatments, the cell viability was measured with CCK8 method, cell apoptosis analyzed by flow cytometry, and the mitochondrial membrane potential detected with flow cytometry with JC-1 staining; the subcellular localization of p53 and the autophagy- associated protein LC3-Ⅱ was detected with immunofluorescence staining, and their protein expressions were analyzed using Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with the control cells, MAECs exposed to heat stress showed significantly decreased viability (P < 0.05). At 6 h after the exposure, the cells exhibited significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential with increased apoptotic rate (P < 0.05). The cytoplasmic fraction of p53 expression decreased and its mitochondrial fraction increased gradually with time within 6 h after heat stress. Treatment with 3- MA further decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and significantly increased the apoptotic rate of the exposed cells (P < 0.05), while rapamycin obviously reversed these heat stress-induced cell injuries (P < 0.05). PFT significantly enhanced the expression of LC3-Ⅱ and also inhibited heat stress-induced mitochondrial membrane potential reduction and cell apoptosis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Heat stress induces mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in MAECs possibly in relation with mitochondrial translocation of cytoplasmic p53 to result in autophagy inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Zou
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Key Laboratory of Tropical Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Zhengtao Gu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lei Su
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Key Laboratory of Tropical Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
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