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Du J, Liu W, Li M, Li Z, Li X, Dai Y, Liu G, Wang X, Zhu P, Gladyshev VN, Zhou X. Comparative time-series multi-omics analyses suggest H1.2 involvement in anoxic adaptation and cancer resistance. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002778. [PMID: 39178313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The naked mole rat (NMR), Heterocephalus glaber, is known as the longest-lived rodent and is extraordinarily resistant to hypoxia and cancer. Here, both NMR embryonic fibroblasts (NEFs) and their mouse counterparts (MEFs) were subjected to anoxic conditions (0% O2, 5% CO2). A combination of comparative transcriptomics and proteomics was then employed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Notably, we observed distinct levels of histone H1.2 (encoded by HIST1H1C) accumulation between NEFs and MEFs. Subsequent mechanistic analyses showed that higher H1.2 expression in NEFs was associated with the lower expression of its inhibitor, PARP1. Additionally, we discovered that H1.2 can directly interact with HIF-1α PAS domains, thereby promoting the expression of HIF-1α through facilitating the dimerization with HIF-1β. The overexpression of H1.2 was also found to trigger autophagy and to suppress the migration of cancer cells, as well as the formation of xenograft tumors, via the NRF2/P62 signaling pathway. Moreover, an engineered H1.2 knock-in mouse model exhibited significantly extended survival in hypoxic conditions (4% O2) and showed a reduced rate of tumor formation. Collectively, our results indicate a potential mechanistic link between H1.2 and the dual phenomena of anoxic adaptation and cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqiang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanjing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoming Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Pingfen Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xuming Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
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Cortes S, Farhat E, Talarico G, Mennigen JA. The dynamic transcriptomic response of the goldfish brain under chronic hypoxia. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 50:101233. [PMID: 38608489 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen is essential to fuel aerobic metabolism. Some species evolved mechanisms to tolerate periods of severe hypoxia and even anoxia in their environment. Among them, goldfish (Carassius auratus) are unique, in that they do not enter a comatose state under severely hypoxic conditions. There is thus significant interest in the field of comparative physiology to uncover the mechanistic basis underlying hypoxia tolerance in goldfish, with a particular focus on the brain. Taking advantage of the recently published and annotated goldfish genome, we profile the transcriptomic response of the goldfish brain under normoxic (21 kPa oxygen saturation) and, following gradual reduction, constant hypoxic conditions after 1 and 4 weeks (2.1 kPa oxygen saturation). In addition to analyzing differentially expressed protein-coding genes and enriched pathways, we also profile differentially expressed microRNAs (miRs). Using in silico approaches, we identify possible miR-mRNA relationships. Differentially expressed transcripts compared to normoxia were either common to both timepoints of hypoxia exposure (n = 174 mRNAs; n = 6 miRs), or exclusive to 1-week (n = 441 mRNAs; n = 23 miRs) or 4-week hypoxia exposure (n = 491 mRNAs; n = 34 miRs). Under chronic hypoxia, an increasing number of transcripts, including those of paralogous genes, was downregulated over time, suggesting a decrease in transcription. GO-terms related to the vascular system, oxidative stress, stress signalling, oxidoreductase activity, nucleotide- and intermediary metabolism, and mRNA posttranscriptional regulation were found to be enriched under chronic hypoxia. Known 'hypoxamiRs', such as miR-210-3p/5p, and miRs such as miR-29b-3p likely contribute to posttranscriptional regulation of these pathways under chronic hypoxia in the goldfish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cortes
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, K1N6N5 20 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - E Farhat
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, K1N6N5 20 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ggm Talarico
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, K1N6N5 20 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - J A Mennigen
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, K1N6N5 20 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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3
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Gabillard-Lefort C, Mialet-Perez J, Lenaers G, Baris OR. Naked mole-rats: at the heart of it. Trends Mol Med 2024:S1471-4914(24)00130-8. [PMID: 38816303 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Faulkes et al. recently showed that naked mole-rats (NMRs) have a very distinctive cardiac gene expression profile among other African mole-rats, as well as metabolic variations that result from their chronic exposure to a hypoxic environment. These adaptations might underlie their resistance to cardiac ischemic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudie Gabillard-Lefort
- University of Angers, MitoLab, Unité MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Jeanne Mialet-Perez
- University of Angers, MitoLab, Unité MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- University of Angers, MitoLab, Unité MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Olivier R Baris
- University of Angers, MitoLab, Unité MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France.
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4
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Kadamani KL, Logan SM, Pamenter ME. Does hypometabolism constrain innate immune defense? Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14091. [PMID: 38288574 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Many animals routinely make energetic trade-offs to adjust to environmental demands and these trade-offs often have significant implications for survival. For example, environmental hypoxia is commonly experienced by many organisms and is an energetically challenging condition because reduced oxygen availability constrains aerobic energy production, which can be lethal. Many hypoxia-tolerant species downregulate metabolic demands when oxygen is limited; however, certain physiological functions are obligatory and must be maintained despite the need to conserve energy in hypoxia. Of particular interest is immunity (including both constitutive and induced immune functions) because mounting an immune response is among the most energetically expensive physiological processes but maintaining immune function is critical for survival in most environments. Intriguingly, physiological responses to hypoxia and pathogens share key molecular regulators such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, through which hypoxia can directly activate an immune response. This raises an interesting question: do hypoxia-tolerant species mount an immune response during periods of hypoxia-induced hypometabolism? Unfortunately, surprisingly few studies have examined interactions between immunity and hypometabolism in such species. Therefore, in this review, we consider mechanistic interactions between metabolism and immunity, as well as energetic trade-offs between these two systems, in hypoxia-tolerant animals but also in other models of hypometabolism, including neonates and hibernators. Specifically, we explore the hypothesis that such species have blunted immune responses in hypometabolic conditions and/or use alternative immune pathways when in a hypometabolic state. Evidence to date suggests that hypoxia-tolerant animals do maintain immunity in low oxygen conditions, but that the sensitivity of immune responses may be blunted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Kadamani
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha M Logan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew E Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Yépez Y, Marcano-Ruiz M, Bortolini MC. Adaptive strategies of aquatic mammals: Exploring the role of the HIF pathway and hypoxia tolerance. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 46:e20230140. [PMID: 38252060 PMCID: PMC10802827 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquatic mammals (marine and freshwater species) share significant and similar adaptations, enabling them to tolerate hypoxia during regular breath-hold diving. Despite the established importance of HIF1A, a master regulator in the molecular mechanism of hypoxia response, and other associated genes, their role in the evolutionary adaptation of aquatic mammals is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated this topic by employing a candidate gene approach to analyze 11 critical genes involved in the HIF1A signaling pathway in aquatic mammals. Our gene analyses included evaluating positive and negative selection, relaxation or constriction of selection, and molecular convergence compared to other terrestrial mammals, including subterranean mammals. Evidence of selection suggested a significant role of negative selection, as well as relaxation of the selective regime in cetaceans for most of these genes. We found that the glutamine 68 variant in the HIF3α protein is unique to cetaceans and initial evaluations indicated a destabilizing effect on protein structure. However, further analyses are necessary to evaluate its functional impact and adaptive relevance in this taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Yépez
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Evolução Humana e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Marcano-Ruiz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Evolução Humana e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Cátira Bortolini
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Evolução Humana e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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6
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Parey E, Fernandez-Aroca D, Frost S, Uribarren A, Park TJ, Zöttl M, St John Smith E, Berthelot C, Villar D. Phylogenetic modeling of enhancer shifts in African mole-rats reveals regulatory changes associated with tissue-specific traits. Genome Res 2023; 33:1513-1526. [PMID: 37625847 PMCID: PMC10620049 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277715.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Changes in gene regulation are thought to underlie most phenotypic differences between species. For subterranean rodents such as the naked mole-rat, proposed phenotypic adaptations include hypoxia tolerance, metabolic changes, and cancer resistance. However, it is largely unknown what regulatory changes may associate with these phenotypic traits, and whether these are unique to the naked mole-rat, the mole-rat clade, or are also present in other mammals. Here, we investigate regulatory evolution in the heart and liver from two African mole-rat species and two rodent outgroups using genome-wide epigenomic profiling. First, we adapted and applied a phylogenetic modeling approach to quantitatively compare epigenomic signals at orthologous regulatory elements and identified thousands of promoter and enhancer regions with differential epigenomic activity in mole-rats. These elements associate with known mole-rat adaptations in metabolic and functional pathways and suggest candidate genetic loci that may underlie mole-rat innovations. Second, we evaluated ancestral and species-specific regulatory changes in the study phylogeny and report several candidate pathways experiencing stepwise remodeling during the evolution of mole-rats, such as the insulin and hypoxia response pathways. Third, we report nonorthologous regulatory elements overlap with lineage-specific repetitive elements and appear to modify metabolic pathways by rewiring of HNF4 and RAR/RXR transcription factor binding sites in mole-rats. These comparative analyses reveal how mole-rat regulatory evolution informs previously reported phenotypic adaptations. Moreover, the phylogenetic modeling framework we propose here improves upon the state of the art by addressing known limitations of inter-species comparisons of epigenomic profiles and has broad implications in the field of comparative functional genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Parey
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Diego Fernandez-Aroca
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Frost
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Ainhoa Uribarren
- Cambridge Institute, Cancer Research UK and University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Markus Zöttl
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, 44054 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Ewan St John Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom
| | - Camille Berthelot
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France;
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3525, INSERM UA12, Comparative Functional Genomics Group, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Diego Villar
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom;
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Aboouf MA, Thiersch M, Soliz J, Gassmann M, Schneider Gasser EM. The Brain at High Altitude: From Molecular Signaling to Cognitive Performance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10179. [PMID: 37373327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain requires over one-fifth of the total body oxygen demand for normal functioning. At high altitude (HA), the lower atmospheric oxygen pressure inevitably challenges the brain, affecting voluntary spatial attention, cognitive processing, and attention speed after short-term, long-term, or lifespan exposure. Molecular responses to HA are controlled mainly by hypoxia-inducible factors. This review aims to summarize the cellular, metabolic, and functional alterations in the brain at HA with a focus on the role of hypoxia-inducible factors in controlling the hypoxic ventilatory response, neuronal survival, metabolism, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Aboouf
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Thiersch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Soliz
- Institute Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edith M Schneider Gasser
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Gorshkova EA, Gubernatorova EO, Dvorianinova EM, Yurakova TR, Marey MV, Averina OA, Holtze S, Hildebrandt TB, Dmitriev AA, Drutskaya MS, Vyssokikh MY, Nedospasov SA. Macrophages from naked mole-rat possess distinct immunometabolic signatures upon polarization. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1172467. [PMID: 37153552 PMCID: PMC10154529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1172467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The naked mole-rat (NMR) is a unique long-lived rodent which is highly resistant to age-associated disorders and cancer. The immune system of NMR possesses a distinct cellular composition with the prevalence of myeloid cells. Thus, the detailed phenotypical and functional assessment of NMR myeloid cell compartment may uncover novel mechanisms of immunoregulation and healthy aging. In this study gene expression signatures, reactive nitrogen species and cytokine production, as well as metabolic activity of classically (M1) and alternatively (M2) activated NMR bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) were examined. Polarization of NMR macrophages under pro-inflammatory conditions led to expected M1 phenotype characterized by increased pro-inflammatory gene expression, cytokine production and aerobic glycolysis, but paralleled by reduced production of nitric oxide (NO). Under systemic LPS-induced inflammatory conditions NO production also was not detected in NMR blood monocytes. Altogether, our results indicate that NMR macrophages are capable of transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming under polarizing stimuli, however, NMR M1 possesses species-specific signatures as compared to murine M1, implicating distinct adaptations in NMR immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Gorshkova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina O. Gubernatorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Taisiya R. Yurakova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria V. Marey
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov”, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Averina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Susanne Holtze
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibnitz Institute for Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas B. Hildebrandt
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibnitz Institute for Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina S. Drutskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu. Vyssokikh
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov”, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei A. Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, Krasnodar Krai, Russia
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Amoroso VG, Zhao A, Vargas I, Park TJ. Naked Mole-Rats Demonstrate Profound Tolerance to Low Oxygen, High Carbon Dioxide, and Chemical Pain. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050819. [PMID: 36899677 PMCID: PMC10000161 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber) are very unusual among subterranean mammals in that they live in large colonies and are extremely social, spending large amounts of time gathered together in underground nests more than a meter below the surface. Many respiring individuals resting in deep, poorly ventilated nests deplete the oxygen supply and increase the concentration of carbon dioxide. Consistent with living in that atmosphere, naked mole-rats tolerate levels of low oxygen and high carbon dioxide that are deadly to most surface-dwelling mammals. Naked mole-rats appear to have evolved a number of remarkable adaptations to be able to thrive in this harsh atmosphere. In order to successfully survive low oxygen atmospheres, they conserve energy utilization by reducing the physiological activity of all organs, manifest by reduced heart rate and brain activity. Amazingly, they resort to the anaerobic metabolism of fructose rather than glucose as a fuel to generate energy when challenged by anoxia. Similarly, high carbon dioxide atmospheres normally cause tissue acidosis, while naked mole-rats have a genetic mutation preventing both acid-induced pain and pulmonary edema. Together, these putative adaptations and the tolerances they provide make the naked mole-rat an important model for studying a host of biomedical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vince G Amoroso
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Aishi Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Isabel Vargas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Thomas J Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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Oka K, Yamakawa M, Kawamura Y, Kutsukake N, Miura K. The Naked Mole-Rat as a Model for Healthy Aging. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2023; 11:207-226. [PMID: 36318672 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-050322-074744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Naked mole-rats (NMRs, Heterocephalus glaber) are the longest-lived rodents with a maximum life span exceeding 37 years. They exhibit a delayed aging phenotype and resistance to age-related functional decline/diseases. Specifically, they do not display increased mortality with age, maintain several physiological functions until nearly the end of their lifetime, and rarely develop cancer and Alzheimer's disease. NMRs live in a hypoxic environment in underground colonies in East Africa and are highly tolerant of hypoxia. These unique characteristics of NMRs have attracted considerable interest from zoological and biomedical researchers. This review summarizes previous studies of the ecology, hypoxia tolerance, longevity/delayed aging, and cancer resistance of NMRs and discusses possible mechanisms contributing to their healthy aging. In addition, we discuss current issues and future perspectives to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying delayed aging and resistance to age-related diseases in NMRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Oka
- Department of Aging and Longevity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; , ,
| | - Masanori Yamakawa
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, Sokendai (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Kanagawa, Japan; ,
| | - Yoshimi Kawamura
- Department of Aging and Longevity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; , ,
| | - Nobuyuki Kutsukake
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, Sokendai (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Kanagawa, Japan; , .,Research Center for Integrative Evolutionary Science, Sokendai (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kyoko Miura
- Department of Aging and Longevity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; , , .,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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11
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Tian Y, Niu HT, Li MH, Wang YZ. Effect of VEGF on neurological impairment and prognosis of acute cerebral infarction patients: A retrospective case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e29835. [PMID: 36820574 PMCID: PMC9907990 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to the complex pathological mechanism of acute cerebral infarction, the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the disease is not clear. Therefore, a retrospective case-control study was performed to explore the effect of VEGF on neurological impairment and prognosis of acute cerebral infarction patients. METHOD A total of 100 patients with acute cerebral infarction admitted to our hospital from April 2021 to April 2022 were selected. Blood samples from all patients would be routinely collected to detect the expression of serum VEGF. Pearson chi-square, Spearman correlation and univariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the clinical data to explore the relationship between VEGF expression and basic information, stroke degree, quality of life, and prognosis of patients. To determine whether VEGF can provide relevant basis for the early prevention and prognostic treatment of acute cerebral infarction. And multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio between each variable and VEGF expression. RESULTS Pearson chi-square test and Spearman correlation coefficient showed that sex, degree of stroke, limb convulsions, loss of consciousness, hemiplegia, aphasia, mental functioning score, overall quality of life score, and short-term prognosis were significantly correlated with VEGF expression in 100 patients. Univariate logistic regression was used to describe the ORs and 95% confidence interval of subjects at the univariate level, and the degree of stroke (OR = 83.333, P < 0.001), tic of limbs (OR = 26.316, P < 0.001), loss of consciousness (OR = 23.256, P < 0.001), hemiplegia (OR = 62.500, P < 0.001), aphasia (OR = 76.923, P < 0.001), mental functioning score (OR = 7.937, P < 0.001), overall quality of life score (OR = 5.464, P < 0.001), short-term prognosis (OR = 37.037, P < 0.001) was significantly correlated with the high expression of VEGF. CONCLUSIONS The level of serum VEGF was positively correlated with neurological impairment degree and prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction, the more severe the degree of stroke and the worse the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tian
- Department of neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei province, P.R. China
- * Correspondence: Yong Tian, Department of neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua Western Road, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China (e-mail: )
| | - Hai-Tao Niu
- Department of neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei province, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Hang Li
- Department of neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei province, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Zhou Wang
- Department of neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei province, P.R. China
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Serrano Nájera G, Kin K. Unusual occurrence of domestication syndrome amongst African mole-rats: Is the naked mole-rat a domestic animal? Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.987177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Naked mole-rat (NMR) is becoming a prominent model organism due to its peculiar traits, such as eusociality, extreme longevity, cancer resistance, and reduced pain sensitivity. It belongs to the African mole-rats (AMR), a family of subterranean rodents that includes solitary, cooperative breeding and eusocial species. We identified and quantified the domestication syndrome (DS) across AMR, a set of morphological and behavioural traits significantly more common and pronounced amongst domesticated animals than in their wild counterparts. Surprisingly, the NMR shows apparent DS traits when compared to the solitary AMR. Animals can self-domesticate when a reduction of the fear response is naturally selected, such as in islands with no predators, or to improve the group’s harmony in cooperative breeding species. The DS may be caused by alterations in the physiology of the neural crest cells (NCC), a transient population of cells that generate a full range of tissues during development. The NCC contribute to organs responsible for transmitting the fear response and various other tissues, including craniofacial bones. Therefore, mutations affecting the NCC can manifest as behavioural and morphological alterations in many structures across the body, as seen in neurocristopathies. We observed that all social AMRs are chisel-tooth diggers, an adaption to hard soils that requires the flattening of the skull. We hypothesise that chisel-tooth digging could impose a selective pressure on the NCC that triggered the DS’s appearance, possibly facilitating the evolution of sociality. Finally, we discuss how DS traits are neutral or beneficial for the subterranean niche, strategies to test this hypothesis and report well-studied mutations in the NMR that are associated with the NCC physiology or with the control of the fear response. In conclusion, we argue that many of the NMR’s unconventional traits are compatible with the DS and provide a hypothesis about its origins. Our model proposes a novel avenue to enhance the understanding of the extraordinary biology of the NMR.
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Salminen A. Mutual antagonism between aryl hydrocarbon receptor and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (AhR/HIF-1α) signaling: Impact on the aging process. Cell Signal 2022; 99:110445. [PMID: 35988806 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ambient oxygen level, many environmental toxins, and the rays of ultraviolet light (UV) provide a significant risk for the maintenance of organismal homeostasis. The aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR) represent a complex sensor system not only for environmental toxins and UV radiation but also for many endogenous ligands, e.g., L-tryptophan metabolites. The AhR signaling system is evolutionarily conserved and AhR homologs existed as many as 600 million years ago. The ancient atmosphere demanded the evolution of an oxygen-sensing system, i.e., hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF) and their prolyl hydroxylase regulators (PHD). Given that both signaling systems have important roles in embryogenesis, it seems that they have been involved in the evolution of multicellular organisms. The evolutionary origin of the aging process is unknown although it is most likely associated with the evolution of multicellularity. Intriguingly, there is compelling evidence that while HIF-1α signaling extends the lifespan, that of AhR promotes many age-related degenerative processes, e.g., it increases oxidative stress, inhibits autophagy, promotes cellular senescence, and aggravates extracellular matrix degeneration. In contrast, HIF-1α signaling stimulates autophagy, inhibits cellular senescence, and enhances cell proliferation. Interestingly, there is a clear antagonism between the AhR and HIF-1α signaling pathways. For instance, (i) AhR and HIF-1α factors heterodimerize with the same factor, ARNT/HIF-1β, leading to their competition for DNA-binding, (ii) AhR and HIF-1α signaling exert antagonistic effects on autophagy, and (iii) co-chaperone p23 exhibits specific functions in the signaling of AhR and HIF-1α factors. One might speculate that it is the competition between the AhR and HIF-1α signaling pathways that is a driving force in the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Naked mole-rats resist the accumulation of hypoxia-induced oxidative damage. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 273:111282. [PMID: 35907588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Naked mole-rats are among the few mammals with the ability to endure severe hypoxia. These unique rodents use metabolic rate depression along with various molecular mechanisms to successfully overcome the challenges of oxygen-limitation, which they experience in their underground borrows. While studies have reported that naked mole-rats exhibit inherently higher levels of oxidative damage across their lifespan as compared to mice, it has yet to be determined whether naked mole-rats are vulnerable to oxidative damage during periods of low oxygen exposure. To investigate this phenomenon, we examined cellular oxidative damage markers of macromolecules: DNA oxidation determined as 8-oxo-2'deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG8) levels, RNA oxidation as 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG), protein carbonylation, and lipid peroxidation in normoxic (control), acute (4 h at 7% O2), and chronic (24 h at 7% O2) hypoxia-exposed naked mole-rats. Brain appears to be the most resilient organ to hypoxia-induced oxidative damage, with both brain and heart exhibiting enhanced antioxidant capacity during hypoxia. Levels of DNA and RNA oxidation were minimally changed in all tissues and no changes were observed in protein carbonylation. Most tissues experienced lipid peroxidation, with liver displaying a 9.6-fold increase during hypoxia. Concomitantly, levels of DNA damage repair proteins were dynamically regulated in a tissue-specific manner, with white adipose displaying a significant reduction during hypoxia. Our findings show that naked mole-rats largely avoid hypoxia-induced oxidative damage, possibly due to their high tolerance to redox stress, or to reduced oxidative requirements made possible during their hypometabolic response when oxygen supply is limited.
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D’Alessio S, Cheng H, Eaton L, Kraev I, Pamenter ME, Lange S. Acute Hypoxia Alters Extracellular Vesicle Signatures and the Brain Citrullinome of Naked Mole-Rats (Heterocephalus glaber). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094683. [PMID: 35563075 PMCID: PMC9100269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) may be indicative biomarkers of physiological and pathological status and adaptive responses, including to diseases and disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) and related to hypoxia. While these markers have been studied in hypoxia-intolerant mammals, in vivo investigations in hypoxia-tolerant species are lacking. Naked mole-rats (NMR) are among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals and are thus a good model organism for understanding natural and beneficial adaptations to hypoxia. Thus, we aimed to reveal CNS related roles for PADs in hypoxia tolerance and identify whether circulating EV signatures may reveal a fingerprint for adaptive whole-body hypoxia responses in this species. We found that following in vivo acute hypoxia, NMR: (1) plasma-EVs were remodelled, (2) whole proteome EV cargo contained more protein hits (including citrullinated proteins) and a higher number of associated KEGG pathways relating to the total proteome of plasma-EVs Also, (3) brains had a trend for elevation in PAD1, PAD3 and PAD6 protein expression, while PAD2 and PAD4 were reduced, while (4) the brain citrullinome had a considerable increase in deiminated protein hits with hypoxia (1222 vs. 852 hits in normoxia). Our findings indicate that circulating EV signatures are modified and proteomic content is reduced in hypoxic conditions in naked mole-rats, including the circulating EV citrullinome, while the brain citrullinome is elevated and modulated in response to hypoxia. This was further reflected in elevation of some PADs in the brain tissue following acute hypoxia treatment. These findings indicate a possible selective role for PAD-isozymes in hypoxia response and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania D’Alessio
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6 UW, UK;
| | - Hang Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (H.C.); (L.E.); (M.E.P.)
| | - Liam Eaton
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (H.C.); (L.E.); (M.E.P.)
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;
| | - Matthew E. Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (H.C.); (L.E.); (M.E.P.)
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6 UW, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-20-7911-5000 (ext. 64832)
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Hypoxia is one of the strongest environmental drivers of cellular and physiological adaptation. Although most mammals are largely intolerant of hypoxia, some specialized species have evolved mitigative strategies to tolerate hypoxic niches. Among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals are naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber), a eusocial species of subterranean rodent native to eastern Africa. In hypoxia, naked mole-rats maintain consciousness and remain active despite a robust and rapid suppression of metabolic rate, which is mediated by numerous behavioural, physiological and cellular strategies. Conversely, hypoxia-intolerant mammals and most other hypoxia-tolerant mammals cannot achieve the same degree of metabolic savings while staying active in hypoxia and must also increase oxygen supply to tissues, and/or enter torpor. Intriguingly, recent studies suggest that naked mole-rats share many cellular strategies with non-mammalian vertebrate champions of anoxia tolerance, including the use of alternative metabolic end-products and potent pH buffering mechanisms to mitigate cellular acidification due to upregulation of anaerobic metabolic pathways, rapid mitochondrial remodelling to favour increased respiratory efficiency, and systemic shifts in energy prioritization to maintain brain function over that of other tissues. Herein, I discuss what is known regarding adaptations of naked mole-rats to a hypoxic lifestyle, and contrast strategies employed by this species to those of hypoxia-intolerant mammals, closely related African mole-rats, other well-studied hypoxia-tolerant mammals, and non-mammalian vertebrate champions of anoxia tolerance. I also discuss the neotenic theory of hypoxia tolerance – a leading theory that may explain the evolutionary origins of hypoxia tolerance in mammals – and highlight promising but underexplored avenues of hypoxia-related research in this fascinating model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 9A7. University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1H 8M5
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Dzhalilova DS, Makarova OV. HIF-Dependent Mechanisms of Relationship between Hypoxia Tolerance and Tumor Development. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:1163-1180. [PMID: 34903150 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen deficiency is one of the key pathogenetic factors determining development and severity of many diseases, including inflammatory, infectious diseases, and cancer. Lack of oxygen activates the signaling pathway of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF in cells that has three isoforms, HIF-1, HIF-2, HIF-3, regulating expression of several thousand genes. Throughout tumor progression, HIF activation stimulates angiogenesis, promotes changes in cell metabolism, adhesion, invasiveness, and ability to metastasize. HIF isoforms can play opposite roles in the development of inflammatory and neoplastic processes. Humans and laboratory animals differ both in tolerance to hypoxia and in the levels of expression of HIF and HIF-dependent genes, which may lead to predisposition to the development of certain oncological disorders. In particular, the ratio of different histogenetic types of tumors may vary among people living in the mountains and at the sea level. However, despite the key role of hypoxia at almost all stages of tumor development, basal tolerance to oxygen deficiency is not considered as a factor of predisposition to the tumor growth initiation. In literature, there are many works characterizing the level of local hypoxia in various tumors, and suggesting fundamental approaches to its mitigation by HIF inhibition. HIF inhibitors, as a rule, have a systemic effect on the organism, however, basal tolerance of an organism to hypoxia as well as the level of HIF expression are not taken into account in the process of their use. The review summarizes the literature data on different HIF isoforms and their role in tumor progression, with extrapolation to organisms with high and low tolerance to hypoxia, as well as on the prevalence of various types of tumors in the populations living at high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzhuliia Sh Dzhalilova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Institute of Human Morphology", Moscow, 117418, Russia.
| | - Olga V Makarova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Institute of Human Morphology", Moscow, 117418, Russia
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Convergent evolution of a genomic rearrangement may explain cancer resistance in hystrico- and sciuromorpha rodents. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2021; 7:20. [PMID: 34471123 PMCID: PMC8410860 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-021-00072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The rodents of hystricomorpha and sciuromorpha suborders exhibit remarkably lower incidence of cancer. The underlying genetic basis remains obscure. We report a convergent evolutionary split of human 3p21.31, a locus hosting a large number of tumour-suppressor genes (TSGs) and frequently deleted in several tumour types, in hystrico- and sciuromorphs. Analysis of 34 vertebrate genomes revealed that the synteny of 3p21.31 cluster is functionally and evolutionarily constrained in most placental mammals, but exhibit large genomic interruptions independently in hystricomorphs and sciuromorphs, owing to relaxation of underlying constraints. Hystrico- and sciuromorphs, therefore, escape from pro-tumorigenic co-deletion of several TSGs in cis. The split 3p21.31 sub-clusters gained proximity to proto-oncogene clusters from elsewhere, which might further nullify pro-tumorigenic impact of copy number variations due to co-deletion or co-amplification of genes with opposing effects. The split of 3p21.31 locus coincided with the accelerated rate of its gene expression and the body mass evolution of ancestral hystrico- and sciuromorphs. The genes near breakpoints were associated with the traits specific to hystrico- and sciuromorphs, implying adaptive significance. We conclude that the convergently evolved chromosomal interruptions of evolutionarily constrained 3p21.31 cluster might have impacted evolution of cancer resistance, body mass variation and ecological adaptations in hystrico- and sciuromorphs.
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Narayan V, McMahon M, O'Brien JJ, McAllister F, Buffenstein R. Insights into the Molecular Basis of Genome Stability and Pristine Proteostasis in Naked Mole-Rats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1319:287-314. [PMID: 34424521 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65943-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is the longest-lived rodent, with a maximal reported lifespan of 37 years. In addition to its long lifespan - which is much greater than predicted based on its small body size (longevity quotient of ~4.2) - naked mole-rats are also remarkably healthy well into old age. This is reflected in a striking resistance to tumorigenesis and minimal declines in cardiovascular, neurological and reproductive function in older animals. Over the past two decades, researchers have been investigating the molecular mechanisms regulating the extended life- and health- span of this animal, and since the sequencing and assembly of the naked mole-rat genome in 2011, progress has been rapid. Here, we summarize findings from published studies exploring the unique molecular biology of the naked mole-rat, with a focus on mechanisms and pathways contributing to genome stability and maintenance of proteostasis during aging. We also present new data from our laboratory relevant to the topic and discuss our findings in the context of the published literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary McMahon
- Calico Life Sciences, LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Calico Life Sciences, LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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The Idiosyncratic Physiological Traits of the Naked Mole-Rat; a Resilient Animal Model of Aging, Longevity, and Healthspan. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1319:221-254. [PMID: 34424518 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65943-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The subterranean-dwelling naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is an extremophilic rodent, able to thrive in the harsh underground conditions of sub-Saharan Northeast Africa. This pelage-free mammal exhibits numerous unusual ecophysiological features including pronounced tolerance of thermolability, hypoxia, hypercapnia and noxious substances. As a mammal, the naked mole-rat provides a proof-of-concept that age-related changes in physiology are avoidable. At ages far beyond their expected lifespans given both their body size and/or the timing of early developmental milestones, naked mole-rats fail to exhibit meaningful changes in physiological health or demographic mortality. Lack of physiological deterioration with age is also evident in lean and fat mass, bone quality, and reproductive capacity. Rather, regardless of age, under basal conditions naked mole-rats appear to "idle on low" with their "shields up" as is manifested by low body temperature, metabolic rate, cardiac output and kidney concentrating ability, enabling better protection of organs and cellular function. When needed, they can nevertheless ramp up these functions, increasing cardiac output and metabolism 2-5 fold. Here we review many unusual aspects of their physiology and examine how these attributes facilitate both tolerance of the diverse suite of hostile conditions encountered in their natural milieu as well as contribute to their extraordinary longevity and resistance to common, age-related chronic diseases.
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Boughey H, Jurga M, El-Khamisy SF. DNA Homeostasis and Senescence: Lessons from the Naked Mole Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116011. [PMID: 34199458 PMCID: PMC8199619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As we age, our bodies accrue damage in the form of DNA mutations. These mutations lead to the generation of sub-optimal proteins, resulting in inadequate cellular homeostasis and senescence. The build-up of senescent cells negatively affects the local cellular micro-environment and drives ageing associated disease, including neurodegeneration. Therefore, limiting the accumulation of DNA damage is essential for healthy neuronal populations. The naked mole rats (NMR) are from eastern Africa and can live for over three decades in chronically hypoxic environments. Despite their long lifespan, NMRs show little to no biological decline, neurodegeneration, or senescence. Here, we discuss molecular pathways and adaptations that NMRs employ to maintain genome integrity and combat the physiological and pathological decline in organismal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Boughey
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute and the Institute of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - Mateusz Jurga
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK;
| | - Sherif F. El-Khamisy
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute and the Institute of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-114-2222-791; Fax: +44-(0)-114-222-2850
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Holtze S, Gorshkova E, Braude S, Cellerino A, Dammann P, Hildebrandt TB, Hoeflich A, Hoffmann S, Koch P, Terzibasi Tozzini E, Skulachev M, Skulachev VP, Sahm A. Alternative Animal Models of Aging Research. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:660959. [PMID: 34079817 PMCID: PMC8166319 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.660959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Most research on mechanisms of aging is being conducted in a very limited number of classical model species, i.e., laboratory mouse (Mus musculus), rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica), the common fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and roundworm (Caenorhabditis elegans). The obvious advantages of using these models are access to resources such as strains with known genetic properties, high-quality genomic and transcriptomic sequencing data, versatile experimental manipulation capabilities including well-established genome editing tools, as well as extensive experience in husbandry. However, this approach may introduce interpretation biases due to the specific characteristics of the investigated species, which may lead to inappropriate, or even false, generalization. For example, it is still unclear to what extent knowledge of aging mechanisms gained in short-lived model organisms is transferable to long-lived species such as humans. In addition, other specific adaptations favoring a long and healthy life from the immense evolutionary toolbox may be entirely missed. In this review, we summarize the specific characteristics of emerging animal models that have attracted the attention of gerontologists, we provide an overview of the available data and resources related to these models, and we summarize important insights gained from them in recent years. The models presented include short-lived ones such as killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri), long-lived ones such as primates (Callithrix jacchus, Cebus imitator, Macaca mulatta), bathyergid mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber, Fukomys spp.), bats (Myotis spp.), birds, olms (Proteus anguinus), turtles, greenland sharks, bivalves (Arctica islandica), and potentially non-aging ones such as Hydra and Planaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Holtze
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Gorshkova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stan Braude
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Alessandro Cellerino
- Biology Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
- Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Philip Dammann
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Central Animal Laboratory, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas B. Hildebrandt
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Division Signal Transduction, Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Steve Hoffmann
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp Koch
- Core Facility Life Science Computing, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Eva Terzibasi Tozzini
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Maxim Skulachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P. Skulachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arne Sahm
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
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IL-38 restrains inflammatory response of collagen-induced arthritis in rats via SIRT1/HIF-1α signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:223089. [PMID: 32347300 PMCID: PMC7256678 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the restraining effect of IL-38 on inflammatory response in collagen-induced arthritis rats (CIA), and to explore the regulatory mechanism of SIRT1/HIF-1α signaling pathway. METHODS 40 SD rats were randomly divided into Control group, CIA group, CLL group and CLH group, with 10 rats in each group; CIA rat model was established. The effects of IL-38 on arthritis index, inflammatory response, osteogenic factor and angiogenic factor were observed by methods including HE staining, ELISA, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence. Human synoviocytes were cultured in vitro, and SIRT1 inhibitors were added to detect the expression for relating factors of SIRT1/HIF-1α signaling pathway by Western blot. RESULTS IL-38 could alleviate CIA joint damage and restrain inflammatory response, could up-regulate the expression of OPG in CIA rats and could down-regulate the expression of RANKL and RANK. IL-38 could restrain the expression of VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and HIF. Moreover, we found that IL-38 could up-regulate the SIRT1 expression and down-regulate the HIF-1α, TLR4 and NF-KB p65 expression in CLL and CLH groups. From the treatment of synoviocytes to simulate the CIA model and the treatment of SIRT1 inhibitors, we demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of IL-38 on inflammatory factors and regulation of SIRT1/HIF-1α signaling pathway-related proteins were inhibited. CONCLUSION IL-38 can restrain the inflammatory response of CIA rats, can promote the expression of osteogenic factors, can inhibit neovascularization, and can alleviate joint damage in rats. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of SIRT1/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
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Adult Neural Plasticity in Naked Mole-Rats: Implications of Fossoriality, Longevity and Sociality on the Brain's Capacity for Change. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1319:105-135. [PMID: 34424514 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65943-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber) are small African rodents that have many unique behavioral and physiological adaptations well-suited for testing hypotheses about mammalian neural plasticity. In this chapter, we focus on three features of naked mole-rat biology and how they impact neural plasticity in this species: (1) their fossorial lifestyle, (2) their extreme longevity with a lack of demonstrable senescence, and (3) their unusual social structure. Critically, each of these features requires some degree of biological flexibility. First, their fossorial habitat situates them in an environment with characteristics to which the central nervous system is particularly sensitive (e.g., oxygen content, photoperiod, spatial complexity). Second, their long lifespan requires adaptations to combat senescence and declines in neural functioning. Finally, their extreme reproductive skew and sustained ability for release from reproductive suppression indicates remarkable neural sensitivity to the sociosexual environment that is distinct from chronological age. These three features of naked mole-rat life are not mutually exclusive, but they do each offer unique considerations for the possibilities, constraints, and mechanisms associated with adult neural plasticity.
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Park TJ, Smith ESJ, Reznick J, Bennett NC, Applegate DT, Larson J, Lewin GR. African Naked Mole-Rats Demonstrate Extreme Tolerance to Hypoxia and Hypercapnia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1319:255-269. [PMID: 34424519 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65943-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Naked mole-rats are extremely tolerant to low concentrations of oxygen (hypoxia) and high concentrations of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia), which is consistent with the environment that they inhabit. Naked mole-rats combine subterranean living with living in very densely populated colonies where oxygen becomes depleted and carbon dioxide accumulates. In the laboratory, naked mole-rats fully recover from 5 h exposure to 5% O2 and 5 h exposure to 80% CO2, whereas both conditions are rapidly lethal to similarly sized laboratory mice. During anoxia (0% O2) naked mole-rats enter a suspended animation-like state and switch from aerobic metabolism of glucose to anaerobic metabolism of fructose. Additional fascinating characteristics include that naked mole-rats show intrinsic brain tolerance to anoxia; a complete lack of hypoxia-induced and CO2-induced pulmonary edema; and reduced aversion to high concentrations of CO2 and acidic fumes. Here we outline a constellation of physiological and molecular adaptations that correlate with the naked mole-rat's hypoxic/hypercapnic tolerance and which offer potential targets for ameliorating pathological conditions in humans, such as the damage caused during cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Park
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Ewan St J Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jane Reznick
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - N C Bennett
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Daniel T Applegate
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John Larson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gary R Lewin
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Hadj-Moussa H, Pamenter ME, Storey KB. Hypoxic naked mole-rat brains use microRNA to coordinate hypometabolic fuels and neuroprotective defenses. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:5080-5097. [PMID: 33305831 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Naked mole-rats are among the mammalian champions of hypoxia tolerance. They evolved adaptations centered around reducing metabolic rate to overcome the challenges experienced in their underground burrows. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing to investigate one of the factors likely supporting hypoxia tolerance in naked mole-rat brains, posttranscriptional microRNAs (miRNAs). Of the 212 conserved miRNAs identified using small RNA sequencing, 18 displayed significant differential expression during hypoxia. Bioinformatic enrichment revealed that hypoxia-mediated miRNAs were suppressing energy expensive processes including de novo protein translation and cellular proliferation. This suppression occurred alongside the activation of neuroprotective and neuroinflammatory pathways, and the induction of central signal transduction pathways including HIF-1α and NFκB via miR-335, miR-101, and miR-155. MiRNAs also coordinated anaerobic glycolytic fuel sources, where hypoxia-upregulated miR-365 likely suppressed protein levels of ketohexokinase, the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the first committed step of fructose catabolism. This was further supported by a hypoxia-mediated reduction in glucose transporter 5 proteins that import fructose into the cell. Yet, messenger RNA and protein levels of lactate dehydrogenase, which converts pyruvate to lactate in the absence of oxygen, were elevated during hypoxia. Together, this demonstrated the induction of anaerobic glycolysis despite a lack of reliance on fructose as the primary fuel source, suggesting that hypoxic brains are metabolically different than anoxic naked mole-rat brains that were previously found to shift to fructose-based glycolysis. Our findings contribute to the growing body of oxygen-responsive miRNAs "OxymiRs" that facilitate natural miRNA-mediated mechanisms for successful hypoxic exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew E Pamenter
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Li W, Dong Y, Dong Q, Sun H, Zhang Y, Wang Z. The remarkable hypoxia tolerance in Brandt's voles (
Lasiopodomys brandtii
). Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:1652-1660. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan Province China
| | - Yanan Dong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan Province China
| | - Qianqian Dong
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan Province China
| | - Hong Sun
- School of Physical Education (Main campus) Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan Province China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan Province China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan Province China
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28
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Translational control in the naked mole-rat as a model highly resistant to cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188455. [PMID: 33148499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of mRNA translation is involved in the onset and progression of different types of cancer. To gain insight into novel genetic strategies to avoid this malady, we reviewed the available genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data about the translational machinery from the naked-mole rat (NMR) Heterocephalus glaber, a new model of study that exhibits high resistance to cancer. The principal features that might confer cancer resistance are 28S rRNA fragmentation, RPL26 and eIF4G overexpression, global downregulation of mTOR pathway, specific amino acid residues in RAPTOR (P908) and RICTOR (V1695), and the absence of 4E-BP3. These features are not only associated with cancer but also might couple longevity and adaptation to hypoxia. We propose that the regulation of translation is among the strategies endowing NMR cancer resistance.
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29
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Mikuła-Pietrasik J, Pakuła M, Markowska M, Uruski P, Szczepaniak-Chicheł L, Tykarski A, Książek K. Nontraditional systems in aging research: an update. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:1275-1304. [PMID: 33034696 PMCID: PMC7904725 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03658-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research on the evolutionary and mechanistic aspects of aging and longevity has a reductionist nature, as the majority of knowledge originates from experiments on a relatively small number of systems and species. Good examples are the studies on the cellular, molecular, and genetic attributes of aging (senescence) that are primarily based on a narrow group of somatic cells, especially fibroblasts. Research on aging and/or longevity at the organismal level is dominated, in turn, by experiments on Drosophila melanogaster, worms (Caenorhabditis elegans), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and higher organisms such as mice and humans. Other systems of aging, though numerous, constitute the minority. In this review, we collected and discussed a plethora of up-to-date findings about studies of aging, longevity, and sometimes even immortality in several valuable but less frequently used systems, including bacteria (Caulobacter crescentus, Escherichia coli), invertebrates (Turritopsis dohrnii, Hydra sp., Arctica islandica), fishes (Nothobranchius sp., Greenland shark), reptiles (giant tortoise), mammals (blind mole rats, naked mole rats, bats, elephants, killer whale), and even 3D organoids, to prove that they offer biogerontologists as much as the more conventional tools. At the same time, the diversified knowledge gained owing to research on those species may help to reconsider aging from a broader perspective, which should translate into a better understanding of this tremendously complex and clearly system-specific phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mikuła-Pietrasik
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Str., 61-848 Poznań, Poland
| | - Martyna Pakuła
- Department of Hypertensiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Str., 61-848 Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Markowska
- Department of Hypertensiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Str., 61-848 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Uruski
- Department of Hypertensiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Str., 61-848 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Tykarski
- Department of Hypertensiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Str., 61-848 Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Książek
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Str., 61-848 Poznań, Poland
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30
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Eberhart T, Schönenberger MJ, Walter KM, Charles KN, Faust PL, Kovacs WJ. Peroxisome-Deficiency and HIF-2α Signaling Are Negative Regulators of Ketohexokinase Expression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:566. [PMID: 32733884 PMCID: PMC7360681 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketohexokinase (KHK) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of fructose metabolism. Expression of the two alternatively spliced KHK isoforms, KHK-A and KHK-C, is tissue-specific and KHK-C is predominantly expressed in liver, kidney and intestine and responsible for the fructose-catabolizing function. While KHK isoform choice has been linked to the development of disorders such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer, little is known about the regulation of total KHK expression. In the present study, we investigated how hypoxic signaling influences fructose metabolism in the liver. Hypoxia or von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor loss leads to the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors alpha (HIF-1α and HIF-2α) and the activation of their signaling to mediate adaptive responses. By studying liver-specific Vhl, Vhl/Hif1a, and Vhl/Epas1 knockout mice, we found that KHK expression is suppressed by HIF-2α (encoded by Epas1) but not by HIF-1α signaling on mRNA and protein levels. Reduced KHK levels were accompanied by downregulation of aldolase B (ALDOB) in the livers of Vhl and Vhl/Hif1a knockout mice, further indicating inhibited fructose metabolism. HIF-1α and HIF-2α have both overlapping and distinct target genes but are differentially regulated depending on the cell type and physiologic or pathologic conditions. HIF-2α activation augments peroxisome degradation in mammalian cells by pexophagy and thereby changes lipid composition reminiscent of peroxisomal disorders. We further demonstrated that fructose metabolism is negatively regulated by peroxisome-deficiency in a Pex2 knockout Zellweger mouse model, which lacks functional peroxisomes and is characterized by widespread metabolic dysfunction. Repression of fructolytic genes in Pex2 knockout mice appeared to be independent of PPARα signaling and nutritional status. Interestingly, our results demonstrate that both HIF-2α and peroxisome-deficiency result in downregulation of Khk independent of splicing as both isoforms, Khka as well as Khkc, are significantly downregulated. Hence, our study offers new and unexpected insights into the general regulation of KHK, and therefore fructolysis. We revealed a novel regulatory function of HIF-2α, suggesting that HIF-1α and HIF-2α have tissue-specific opposing roles in the regulation of Khk expression, isoform choice and fructolysis. In addition, we discovered a previously unknown function of peroxisomes in the regulation of fructose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Eberhart
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Khanichi N. Charles
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Phyllis L. Faust
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Werner J. Kovacs
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Hadj-Moussa H, Storey KB. The OxymiR response to oxygen limitation: a comparative microRNA perspective. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:223/10/jeb204594. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.204594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
From squid at the bottom of the ocean to humans at the top of mountains, animals have adapted to diverse oxygen-limited environments. Surviving these challenging conditions requires global metabolic reorganization that is orchestrated, in part, by microRNAs that can rapidly and reversibly target all biological functions. Herein, we review the involvement of microRNAs in natural models of anoxia and hypoxia tolerance, with a focus on the involvement of oxygen-responsive microRNAs (OxymiRs) in coordinating the metabolic rate depression that allows animals to tolerate reduced oxygen levels. We begin by discussing animals that experience acute or chronic periods of oxygen deprivation at the ocean's oxygen minimum zone and go on to consider more elevated environments, up to mountain plateaus over 3500 m above sea level. We highlight the commonalities and differences between OxymiR responses of over 20 diverse animal species, including invertebrates and vertebrates. This is followed by a discussion of the OxymiR adaptations, and maladaptations, present in hypoxic high-altitude environments where animals, including humans, do not enter hypometabolic states in response to hypoxia. Comparing the OxymiR responses of evolutionarily disparate animals from diverse environments allows us to identify species-specific and convergent microRNA responses, such as miR-210 regulation. However, it also sheds light on the lack of a single unified response to oxygen limitation. Characterizing OxymiRs will help us to understand their protective roles and raises the question of whether they can be exploited to alleviate the pathogenesis of ischemic insults and boost recovery. This Review takes a comparative approach to addressing such possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Hadj-Moussa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6
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32
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Logan SM, Szereszewski KE, Bennett NC, Hart DW, van Jaarsveld B, Pamenter ME, Storey KB. The brains of six African mole-rat species show divergent responses to hypoxia. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb215905. [PMID: 32041803 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.215905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Mole-rats are champions of self-preservation, with increased longevity compared with other rodents their size, strong antioxidant capabilities and specialized defenses against endogenous oxidative stress. However, how the brains of these subterranean mammals handle acute in vivo hypoxia is poorly understood. This study is the first to examine the molecular response to low oxygen in six different species of hypoxia-tolerant mole-rats from sub-Saharan Africa. Protein carbonylation, a known marker of DNA damage (hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine), and antioxidant capacity did not change following hypoxia but HIF-1 protein levels increased significantly in the brains of two species. Nearly 30 miRNAs known to play roles in hypoxia tolerance were differentially regulated in a species-specific manner. The miRNAs exhibiting the strongest response to low oxygen stress inhibit apoptosis and regulate neuroinflammation, likely providing neuroprotection. A principal component analysis (PCA) using a subset of the molecular targets assessed herein revealed differences between control and hypoxic groups for two solitary species (Georychus capensis and Bathyergus suillus), which are ecologically adapted to a normoxic environment, suggesting a heightened sensitivity to hypoxia relative to species that may experience hypoxia more regularly in nature. By contrast, all molecular data were included in the PCA to detect a difference between control and hypoxic populations of eusocial Heterocephalus glaber, indicating they may require many lower-fold changes in signaling pathways to adapt to low oxygen settings. Finally, none of the Cryptomys hottentotus subspecies showed a statistical difference between control and hypoxic groups, presumably due to hypoxia tolerance derived from environmental pressures associated with a subterranean and social lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Logan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Kama E Szereszewski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Nigel C Bennett
- Mammal Research Institute and Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Daniel W Hart
- Mammal Research Institute and Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Barry van Jaarsveld
- Mammal Research Institute and Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Matthew E Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
- Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1H 8M5
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6
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33
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Al-Attar R, Childers CL, Nguyen VC, Pamenter ME, Storey KB. Differential protein phosphorylation is responsible for hypoxia-induced regulation of the Akt/mTOR pathway in naked mole rats. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 242:110653. [PMID: 31926299 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Naked mole rats (NMRs, Heterocephalus glaber) are among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals known. They can reduce their metabolic rate (>85%) under severe hypoxia, remain moderately active and recover with no obvious signs of damage. Hence, NMRs are an excellent model for studying mammalian hypoxia tolerance. The current study characterized the involvement of posttranslational modifications in regulating the Akt/mTOR pathway that regulates protein synthesis, and the responses of key ribosomal proteins in order to assess tissue-specific responses to 4 h exposure to 7% O2 (compared to controls at 21% O2). Results showed a tissue-specific regulation of the Akt/mTOR pathway via differential phosphorylation. Relative amounts of p-TSC(S939) in brain and of p-TSC(S939), p-Akt(473) and p-PTEN(S380) in liver increased under hypoxia, whereas levels of IGF1R(Y1135/1136) in liver decreased. In skeletal muscle, levels of p-Akt(S473) and p-PTEN(S380) decreased during hypoxia, whereas lungs showed an increase in p-mTOR(S2884) content but a decrease in p-RPS6(S235-236) under the same conditions. Analysis of the phosphorylation states of ribosomal proteins revealed increases in p-4E-BP1(T37/46) content in brain and lungs under hypoxia, as well as a rise in total 4E-BP1 protein level in liver. Phosphorylated eIF-4B(S422) content also increased in liver while levels of p-eIF-2α(S51), and eIF-4E(S209) decreased during hypoxia in liver. Overall, hypoxia altered the Akt/mTOR pathway, which correlated with a general decrease in activity of the ribosomal protein biosynthesis machinery in muscle, lung, and brain of NMRs. However, the increase in eIF-4B in liver suggests the potential promotion of cap-independent mRNA translation mechanism operating under hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Al-Attar
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Vu C Nguyen
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew E Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; uOttawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Canada
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34
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Jalali Z, Parvaz N. Molecular evolution of autophagy rate-limiting factor LAMP2 in placental mammals. Gene 2019; 727:144231. [PMID: 31707000 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is the cellular process of removal of misfolded or damaged macromolecules and organelles. Experimental studies have demonstrated autophagy as a major mechanism of lifespan extension in long-lived mammals such as bats and mole rat rodents. Moreover, the role of this biological process has been well documented in protection against age-associated diseases and viral infection. However, studies on the molecular adaptive changes of autophagy factors during evolution are scarce. Here, we conducted a bioinformatics study of the molecular evolution of the Lysosomal Associated Membrane Protein 2 (LAMP2), as a rate-limiting factor in the lysosomal degradation stage of autophagy (the communal step of two of autophagy types: macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated). Analyzing LAMP2 across placental mammals, our phylogenetic-based maximum likelihood analyses indicate that the majority of the coding sites undergo purifying selection. However, around 27% of sites display a relaxation of purifying constraints (average ω = 0.42128), among which, 14 particular sites undergo positive selection (ω > 1). These sites are mostly located in the first luminal domain of LAMP2 (N-domain), with a hotspot region in the 135-144 codons interval. Therefore, the N-domain may account for the functional diversity and regulation of LAMP2. In addition, the identified positive selection sites could act as key regulatory sites in the LAMP2 function. On the other hand, testing the rate of evolution in LAMP2 along different clades of placental mammals revealed a relatively relaxed evolution in LAMP2 along megabats' clade. It is not clear yet whether an expedited evolution of LAMP2 in megabats has contributed to their reported up-regulation of autophagy. Finally, our data indicate positive selection sites along the ancestral branch of the clades of rodents, mouse-related rodents, and mole-rats; and suggest the potentially important regulatory role of these sites in LAMP2. Identifying the residues under positive selection, our findings pave the way for future experimental investigations to define how these selective substitutions have functionally affected autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jalali
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Najmeh Parvaz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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35
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Hawkins LJ, Hadj-Moussa H, Nguyen VC, Pamenter ME, Storey KB. Naked mole rats activate neuroprotective proteins during hypoxia. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2019; 331:571-576. [PMID: 31545006 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Naked mole rats are a long-lived animal model that age much like humans, but that can also withstand oxidative damage, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and severe hypoxic conditions, which is of particular interest to this study. The conditions of their underground burrows result in competition for oxygen consumption, yet despite this oxygen deprivation they emerge unscathed. To understand the mechanisms in place to facilitate neuronal preservation during hypoxia, we investigated the protein levels of well-known cell-stress factors. We found that under hypoxic conditions, nearly half of the proteins measured increased expression in brain, while only a few decreased. Under hypoxic conditions there appeared to be a HIF1α-centered response, where HIF1α and its interactors carbonic anhydrase 9, CITED2, p21/CIP1, and NFκB1, among others, were upregulated. Concurrently, a hypoxia-induced decrease of cytochrome c was consistent with decreased mitochondrial function and protection from apoptosis. The picture that emerges is one of neuroprotection, cell-cycle arrest, and the promotion of antiapoptotic functions, all of which are consistent with conserving energy and maintaining neural integrity under low oxygen levels. These results suggest how this species may be poised to face hypoxia and contribute to its remarkable ability to deal with myriad of other damaging factors and sets the stage for future work on the neuroprotective facilitators we identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J Hawkins
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Vu C Nguyen
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Marie-Curie Pvt, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew E Pamenter
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Marie-Curie Pvt, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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36
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Long-lived animals with negligible senescence: clues for ageing research. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:1157-1164. [PMID: 31366472 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Among several theories to explain the complicated process of human ageing, the mitochondrial oxidative stress hypothesis has received recent attention. Considering that lifespan and ageing rates vary considerably across taxa, a better understanding of factors that lead to negligible or extremely rapid senescence in mammals may generate novel approaches to target human ageing. Several species, such as naked mole rats, ocean quahog, rockfish and Greenland shark, have been identified that exhibit negligible senescence and superior resistance to age-related diseases. Considering that the available literature suggests that their outstanding stress resistance is linked to maintenance of protein homeostasis and robust mitochondrial functions, treatments that target protein modification and upregulation of matrix antioxidants may have implications for extending human health span.
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37
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Husson Z, Smith ESJ. Naked mole-rat cortical neurons are resistant to acid-induced cell death. Mol Brain 2018; 11:26. [PMID: 29739425 PMCID: PMC5941639 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of brain pH is a critical homeostatic process and changes in brain pH modulate various ion channels and receptors and thus neuronal excitability. Tissue acidosis, resulting from hypoxia or hypercapnia, can activate various proteins and ion channels, among which acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) a family of primarily Na+ permeable ion channels, which alongside classical excitotoxicity causes neuronal death. Naked mole-rats (NMRs, Heterocephalus glaber) are long-lived, fossorial, eusocial rodents that display remarkable behavioral/cellular hypoxia and hypercapnia resistance. In the central nervous system, ASIC subunit expression is similar between mouse and NMR with the exception of much lower expression of ASIC4 throughout the NMR brain. However, ASIC function and neuronal sensitivity to sustained acidosis has not been examined in the NMR brain. Here, we show with whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology of cultured NMR and mouse cortical and hippocampal neurons that NMR neurons have smaller voltage-gated Na+ channel currents and more hyperpolarized resting membrane potentials. We further demonstrate that acid-mediated currents in NMR neurons are of smaller magnitude than in mouse, and that all currents in both species are reversibly blocked by the ASIC antagonist benzamil. We further demonstrate that NMR neurons show greater resistance to acid-induced cell death than mouse neurons. In summary, NMR neurons show significant cellular resistance to acidotoxicity compared to mouse neurons, contributing factors likely to be smaller ASIC-mediated currents and reduced NaV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoé Husson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Ewan St John Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK.
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Geiseler SJ, Morland C. The Janus Face of VEGF in Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051362. [PMID: 29734653 PMCID: PMC5983623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are known for their regulation of vascularization. In the brain, VEGFs are important regulators of angiogenesis, neuroprotection and neurogenesis. Dysregulation of VEGFs is involved in a large number of neurodegenerative diseases and acute neurological insults, including stroke. Stroke is the main cause of acquired disabilities, and normally results from an occlusion of a cerebral artery or a hemorrhage, both leading to focal ischemia. Neurons in the ischemic core rapidly undergo necrosis. Cells in the penumbra are exposed to ischemia, but may be rescued if adequate perfusion is restored in time. The neuroprotective and angiogenic effects of VEGFs would theoretically make VEGFs ideal candidates for drug therapy in stroke. However, contradictory to what one might expect, endogenously upregulated levels of VEGF as well as the administration of exogenous VEGF is detrimental in acute stroke. This is probably due to VEGF-mediated blood–brain-barrier breakdown and vascular leakage, leading to edema and increased intracranial pressure as well as neuroinflammation. The key to understanding this Janus face of VEGF function in stroke may lie in the timing; the harmful effect of VEGFs on vessel integrity is transient, as both VEGF preconditioning and increased VEGF after the acute phase has a neuroprotective effect. The present review discusses the multifaceted action of VEGFs in stroke prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Geiseler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Cecilie Morland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
- Institute for Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, 0166 Oslo, Norway.
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