1
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EMD originates from hyaluronan-induced homophilic interactions of CD44 variant-expressing MM cells under shear stress. Blood Adv 2022; 7:508-524. [PMID: 35930695 PMCID: PMC9979770 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extramedullary disease (EMD) is known to be associated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis in multiple myeloma (MM); however, the mechanisms of its development are not fully understood. Elucidating the mechanism of EMD development and its therapeutic targeting would greatly contribute to further improvement of treatment outcome in patients with MM. Here, we show that bone marrow stroma cell-derived hyaluronan (HA) elicits homophilic interactions of MM cells by binding to surface CD44, especially long-stretch variants, under physiological shear stress and generates cell clusters that might develop into EMD. We recapitulated the development of EMD via administration of HA in a syngeneic murine MM model in a CD44-dependent manner. HA-induced MM cell clusters exhibited the specific resistance to proteasome inhibitors (PIs) in vitro and in murine models via γ-secretase-mediated cleavage of the intracellular domains of CD44, which in turn transactivated PI resistance-inducible genes. Treatment of HA-injected mice with anti-CD44 antibody or γ-secretase inhibitors readily suppressed the development of EMD from transplanted MM cells and significantly prolonged the survival of recipients by overcoming PI resistance. The HA-CD44 axis represents a novel pathway to trigger EMD development and could be a target of the prediction, prevention, and treatment of EMD in patients with MM.
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2
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Lezmi E, Benvenisty N. The Tumorigenic Potential of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:791-796. [PMID: 35679163 PMCID: PMC9397652 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are currently evaluated for clinical applications due to their proliferation and differentiation capacities, raising the need to both assess and enhance, the safety of hPSC-based treatments. Distinct molecular features contribute to the tumorigenicity of hPSCs, manifested in the formation of teratoma tumors upon transplantation in vivo. Prolonged in vitro culturing of hPSCs can enhance selection for specific genetic aberrations, either at the chromosome or gene level. Some of these aberrations are tightly linked to human tumor pathology and increase the tumorigenic aggressiveness of the abnormal cells. In this perspective, we describe major tumor-associated risk factors entailed in hPSC-based therapy, and present precautionary and safety measures relevant for the development and application of such therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyad Lezmi
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nissim Benvenisty
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
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3
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Koda Y, Sato S, Yamamoto H, Niwa H, Watanabe H, Watanabe C, Sato T, Nakamura K, Tanaka A, Shirouzu M, Honma T, Fukami T, Koyama H, Umehara T. Design and Synthesis of Tranylcypromine-Derived LSD1 Inhibitors with Improved hERG and Microsomal Stability Profiles. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:848-854. [PMID: 35586426 PMCID: PMC9109268 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cancers. Several derivatives of tranylcypromine (trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine) have been developed as LSD1 inhibitors. One such derivative is S2157; however, this compound has a high hERG channel inhibitory activity and a low microsomal stability, making it unsuitable as a drug candidate. Here, using an in silico hERG inhibition prediction model, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated a novel series of S2157 derivatives characterized by modifications of the benzyloxy and piperazine groups. Among the synthesized derivatives, a compound possessing 2-fluoropyridine and 2,8-diaza-spiro[4.5]decane groups (compound 10) showed the most desirable activities, and its eutomer, S1427, was isolated by the optical resolution of 10. In addition to potent LSD1 inhibitory activity, S1427 exhibited desirable hERG channel inhibition and microsomal stability profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Koda
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Platform Unit, Drug Discovery Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit, Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shin Sato
- Laboratory for Epigenetics Drug Discovery, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Drug Discovery Structural Biology Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamic Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Platform Unit, Drug Discovery Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit, Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hideaki Niwa
- Laboratory for Epigenetics Drug Discovery, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Drug Discovery Structural Biology Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamic Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hisami Watanabe
- Laboratory for Epigenetics Drug Discovery, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Drug Discovery Structural Biology Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamic Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Chiduru Watanabe
- Drug Discovery Computational Chemistry Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sato
- Drug Discovery Computational Chemistry Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kana Nakamura
- Drug Discovery Structural Biology Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamic Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akiko Tanaka
- Drug Discovery Structural Biology Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamic Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- Drug Discovery Structural Biology Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamic Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Teruki Honma
- Drug Discovery Computational Chemistry Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takehiro Fukami
- RIKEN Program for Drug Discovery and Medical Technology Platforms, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroo Koyama
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Platform Unit, Drug Discovery Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit, Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takashi Umehara
- Laboratory for Epigenetics Drug Discovery, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Drug Discovery Structural Biology Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamic Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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4
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Zeng L, Zhou S, Chen C, Zhou LH, Shi X, Wu Z, Luo SK. Experimental study of fat derived pellets promoting wound healing in rats. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12323-12331. [PMID: 34787072 PMCID: PMC8810055 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To observe the effect of fat-derived pellets (FDP) on wound healing in rats, the inguinal fat of rats was obtained, and the FDP were obtained after centrifugation. The cell activity and growth factor secretion of FDP were measured. The wounds in rats were created, and FDP was used to treat the wounds of rats. The phenotype of macrophages and the expression of angiogenic factors expression in wounds were measured. The cell viability in FDP remains in high level after centrifugation and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) from FDP was observed in vitro. The FDP significantly promoted the wound healing of rats compared with that in control groups. Moreover, the expression of M2 macrophages and VEGF in FDP group were significantly higher than that in the control group. FDP is a kind of stem cell product, which can be obtained from adipose tissue by physical centrifugation. The cytotherapeutic effect of FDP makes it a promising product for wound healing in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou City, 510317
| | - Shaolong Zhou
- Yichun University, No. 576, Xuefu Road, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Yichun University, No. 576, Xuefu Road, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lin-Hua Zhou
- Yichun University, No. 576, Xuefu Road, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiujiang Shi
- Yichun University, No. 576, Xuefu Road, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zongjian Wu
- Yichun University, No. 576, Xuefu Road, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sheng-Kang Luo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou City, 510317
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5
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Inoue R, Nishiyama K, Li J, Miyashita D, Ono M, Terauchi Y, Shirakawa J. The Feasibility and Applicability of Stem Cell Therapy for the Cure of Type 1 Diabetes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071589. [PMID: 34202521 PMCID: PMC8304653 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy using islet-like insulin-producing cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells has the potential to allow patients with type 1 diabetes to withdraw from insulin therapy. However, several issues exist regarding the use of stem cell therapy to treat type 1 diabetes. In this review, we will focus on the following topics: (1) autoimmune responses during the autologous transplantation of stem cell-derived islet cells, (2) a comparison of stem cell therapy with insulin injection therapy, (3) the impact of the islet microenvironment on stem cell-derived islet cells, and (4) the cost-effectiveness of stem cell-derived islet cell transplantation. Based on these various viewpoints, we will discuss what is required to perform stem cell therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Inoue
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan; (R.I.); (K.N.); (J.L.)
| | - Kuniyuki Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan; (R.I.); (K.N.); (J.L.)
| | - Jinghe Li
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan; (R.I.); (K.N.); (J.L.)
| | - Daisuke Miyashita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (D.M.); (M.O.); (Y.T.)
| | - Masato Ono
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (D.M.); (M.O.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (D.M.); (M.O.); (Y.T.)
| | - Jun Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan; (R.I.); (K.N.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-27-220-8850
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6
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Lezmi E, Weissbein U, Golan-Lev T, Nissim-Rafinia M, Meshorer E, Benvenisty N. The Chromatin Regulator ZMYM2 Restricts Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Growth and Is Essential for Teratoma Formation. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:1275-1286. [PMID: 32559458 PMCID: PMC7724477 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin regulators play fundamental roles in controlling pluripotency and differentiation. We examined the effect of mutations in 703 genes from nearly 70 chromatin-modifying complexes on human embryonic stem cell (ESC) growth. While the vast majority of chromatin-associated complexes are essential for ESC growth, the only complexes that conferred growth advantage upon mutation of their members, were the repressive complexes LSD-CoREST and BHC. Both complexes include the most potent growth-restricting chromatin-related protein, ZMYM2. Interestingly, while ZMYM2 expression is rather low in human blastocysts, its expression peaks in primed ESCs and is again downregulated upon differentiation. ZMYM2-null ESCs overexpress pluripotency genes and show genome-wide promotor-localized histone H3 hyper-acetylation. These mutant cells were also refractory to differentiate in vitro and failed to produce teratomas upon injection into immunodeficient mice. Our results suggest a central role for ZMYM2 in the transcriptional regulation of the undifferentiated state and in the exit-from-pluripotency of human ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyad Lezmi
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Uri Weissbein
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Golan-Lev
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Malka Nissim-Rafinia
- Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Edmond and Lily Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eran Meshorer
- Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Edmond and Lily Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Nissim Benvenisty
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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7
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Niwa H, Sato S, Handa N, Sengoku T, Umehara T, Yokoyama S. Development and Structural Evaluation of N-Alkylated trans-2-Phenylcyclopropylamine-Based LSD1 Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:787-793. [PMID: 32166890 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the demethylation of histone H3 and regulates gene expression. Because it is implicated in the regulation of diseases such as acute myeloid leukemia, potent LSD1-specific inhibitors have been pursued. Trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine (2-PCPA)-based inhibitors featuring substitutions on the amino group have emerged, with sub-micromolar affinities toward LSD1 and high selectivities over monoamine oxidases (MAOs). We synthesized two N-alkylated 2-PCPA-based LSD1 inhibitors, S2116 and S2157, based on the previously developed S2101. S2116 and S2157 exhibited enhanced potency for LSD1 by 2.0- to 2.6-fold, as compared with S2101. In addition, they exhibited improved selectivity over MAOs. Structural analyses of LSD1 co-crystallized with S2101, S2116, S2157, or another N-alkylated inhibitor (FCPA-MPE) confirmed that the N-substituents enhance the potency of a 2-PCPA-based inhibitor of LSD1, without constituting the adduct formed with FAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Niwa
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shin Sato
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Noriko Handa
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toru Sengoku
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.,RIKEN Structural Biology Laboratory, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Umehara
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yokoyama
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.,RIKEN Structural Biology Laboratory, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.,RIKEN Yokoyama Laboratory, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
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8
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Kikuchi J, Hayashi N, Osada N, Sugitani M, Furukawa Y. Conversion of human fibroblasts into multipotent cells by cell-penetrating peptides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:134-140. [PMID: 31409482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The potential application of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) brings great expectations to regenerative medicine. However, several safety concerns, such as oncogenic transformation, remain. A number of methods have been developed to produce hiPSCs with potentially reduced risks. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are expected to improve the efficiency of nonviral reprogramming by delivering biologically active molecules into cells. Here, we show that the transfection of CPPs alone into normal adult human fibroblasts generated embryonic body (EB)-like cell clusters in the absence of reprogramming factors. The CPP-generated cell clusters were positive for a set of multipotency markers and differentiated into endodermal, ectodermal, and mesodermal cells in vitro. These results suggest that CPPs converted normal human adult somatic cells into multipotent cells. Moreover, we show that CPPs dissociated histone deacetylase 1 and lysine-specific demethylase 1 from the promoter/enhancer regions of reprogramming factors to reactivate their expression. This is the first report of an easy and quick method for somatic cell reprogramming by CPPs and a novel mechanism of reprogramming. The potential application of CPP-generated multipotent cells resolves several concerns, especially safety issues, in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Kikuchi
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
| | | | - Naoki Osada
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sugitani
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan; Pathology Division, Ageo Central General Hospital, Ageo, Saitama, 362-8588, Japan
| | - Yusuke Furukawa
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
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9
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Gorecka J, Kostiuk V, Fereydooni A, Gonzalez L, Luo J, Dash B, Isaji T, Ono S, Liu S, Lee SR, Xu J, Liu J, Taniguchi R, Yastula B, Hsia HC, Qyang Y, Dardik A. The potential and limitations of induced pluripotent stem cells to achieve wound healing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:87. [PMID: 30867069 PMCID: PMC6416973 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is the physiologic response to a disruption in normal skin architecture and requires both spatial and temporal coordination of multiple cell types and cytokines. This complex process is prone to dysregulation secondary to local and systemic factors such as ischemia and diabetes that frequently lead to chronic wounds. Chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers are epidemic with great cost to the healthcare system as they heal poorly and recur frequently, creating an urgent need for new and advanced therapies. Stem cell therapy is emerging as a potential treatment for chronic wounds, and adult-derived stem cells are currently employed in several commercially available products; however, stem cell therapy is limited by the need for invasive harvesting techniques, immunogenicity, and limited cell survival in vivo. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are an exciting cell type with enhanced therapeutic and translational potential. iPSC are derived from adult cells by in vitro induction of pluripotency, obviating the ethical dilemmas surrounding the use of embryonic stem cells; they are harvested non-invasively and can be transplanted autologously, reducing immune rejection; and iPSC are the only cell type capable of being differentiated into all of the cell types in healthy skin. This review focuses on the use of iPSC in animal models of wound healing including limb ischemia, as well as their limitations and methods aimed at improving iPSC safety profile in an effort to hasten translation to human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Gorecka
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 10 Amistad Street, Room 437, PO Box 208089, New Haven, CT, 06520-8089, USA
| | - Valentyna Kostiuk
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 10 Amistad Street, Room 437, PO Box 208089, New Haven, CT, 06520-8089, USA
| | - Arash Fereydooni
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 10 Amistad Street, Room 437, PO Box 208089, New Haven, CT, 06520-8089, USA
| | - Luis Gonzalez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 10 Amistad Street, Room 437, PO Box 208089, New Haven, CT, 06520-8089, USA
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Ste 773A, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Biraja Dash
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, PO Box 208062, New Haven, CT, 06520-8062, USA
| | - Toshihiko Isaji
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 10 Amistad Street, Room 437, PO Box 208089, New Haven, CT, 06520-8089, USA
| | - Shun Ono
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 10 Amistad Street, Room 437, PO Box 208089, New Haven, CT, 06520-8089, USA
| | - Shirley Liu
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 10 Amistad Street, Room 437, PO Box 208089, New Haven, CT, 06520-8089, USA
| | - Shin Rong Lee
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 10 Amistad Street, Room 437, PO Box 208089, New Haven, CT, 06520-8089, USA
| | - Jianbiao Xu
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 10 Amistad Street, Room 437, PO Box 208089, New Haven, CT, 06520-8089, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 10 Amistad Street, Room 437, PO Box 208089, New Haven, CT, 06520-8089, USA
| | - Ryosuke Taniguchi
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 10 Amistad Street, Room 437, PO Box 208089, New Haven, CT, 06520-8089, USA
| | - Bogdan Yastula
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 10 Amistad Street, Room 437, PO Box 208089, New Haven, CT, 06520-8089, USA
| | - Henry C Hsia
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, PO Box 208062, New Haven, CT, 06520-8062, USA
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Ste 773A, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.,Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, USA.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Alan Dardik
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and the Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 10 Amistad Street, Room 437, PO Box 208089, New Haven, CT, 06520-8089, USA.
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10
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Kumai T, Yui N, Yatabe K, Sasaki C, Fujii R, Takenaga M, Fujiya H, Niki H, Yudoh K. A novel, self-assembled artificial cartilage-hydroxyapatite conjugate for combined articular cartilage and subchondral bone repair: histopathological analysis of cartilage tissue engineering in rat knee joints. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1283-1298. [PMID: 30863061 PMCID: PMC6391143 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s193963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We previously created a self-assembled cartilage-like complex in vitro from only three cartilage components, hyaluronic acid (HA), aggrecan (AG) and type II collagen, without other materials such as cross-linking agents. Based on this self-organized AG/HA/collagen complex, we have created three novel types of biphasic cartilage and bone-like scaffolds combined with hydroxyapatite (HAP) for osteochondral tissue engineering. These scaffolds have been developed from self-assembled cartilage component molecules and HAP at the nanometer scale by manipulating the intermolecular relations. Patients and methods The surface structure of each self-organized biphasic cartilage and bone-like scaffold was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, whereas the viscoelasticity was also analyzed in vitro. Three types of artificial cartilage–HAP conjugates were implanted into an osteochondral defect in rat knee joints, and bone and cartilage tissues of the implanted site were examined 4 and 8 weeks after implantation. The tissues were examined histopathologically to evaluate the effects of the implantation on the articular cartilage and subchondral bone tissues. Results Our in vitro and in vivo data reveal that the self-organized biphasic cartilage and bone-like scaffold conjugated with HAP are superior to the scaffold with no HAP in both cartilage regeneration and subchondral bone regeneration. Conclusion Our present study indicates that the self-organized biphasic cartilage and bone-like scaffold, which is conjugated with an HAP layer, may have potential not only to repair articular cartilage defects but also to ameliorate the degeneration of subchondral bone in the diseases with osteochondral defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kumai
- Department of Sports Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Naoko Yui
- Department of Sports Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Kanaka Yatabe
- Department of Sports Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Chizuko Sasaki
- Institute for Ultrastructural Morphology, St Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8512, Japan
| | - Ryoji Fujii
- Department of Frontier Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8512, Japan,
| | - Mitsuko Takenaga
- Department of Frontier Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8512, Japan,
| | - Hiroto Fujiya
- Department of Sports Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Hisateru Niki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yudoh
- Department of Frontier Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8512, Japan,
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Saito S, Kikuchi J, Koyama D, Sato S, Koyama H, Osada N, Kuroda Y, Akahane K, Inukai T, Umehara T, Furukawa Y. Eradication of Central Nervous System Leukemia of T-Cell Origin with a Brain-Permeable LSD1 Inhibitor. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:1601-1611. [PMID: 30518632 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) regulates several biological processes via the bifunctional modulation of enhancer functions. Recently, we reported that LSD1 overexpression is a founder abnormality of T-cell leukemogenesis and is maintained in fully transformed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells. On the basis of this finding, we attempted to develop novel LSD1 inhibitors effective for T-ALL with central nervous system (CNS) involvement. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We chemically modified the prototype LSD inhibitor tranylcypromine (TCP) and screened for cytotoxicity against TCP-resistant T-ALL cell lines. In vivo efficacy of novel LSD1 inhibitors was examined in immunodeficient mice transplanted with luciferase-expressing T-ALL cell lines, which faithfully reproduce human T-ALL with CNS involvement. RESULTS We found robust cytotoxicity against T-ALL cells, but not normal bone marrow progenitors, for two N-alkylated TCP derivatives, S2116 and S2157. The two compounds induced apoptosis in TCP-resistant T-ALL cells in vitro and in vivo by repressing transcription of the NOTCH3 and TAL1 genes through increased H3K9 methylation and reciprocal H3K27 deacetylation at superenhancer regions. Both S2116 and S2157 significantly retarded the growth of T-ALL cells in xenotransplanted mice and prolonged the survival of recipients as monotherapy and in combination with dexamethasone. Notably, S2157 could almost completely eradicate CNS leukemia because of its ability to efficiently pass through the blood-brain barrier. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a molecular basis and rationale for the inclusion of a brain-permeable LSD1 inhibitor, S2157, in treatment strategies for T-ALL with CNS involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Saito
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Jiro Kikuchi
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koyama
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shin Sato
- Epigenetics Drug Discovery Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroo Koyama
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoki Osada
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kuroda
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koshi Akahane
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takashi Umehara
- Epigenetics Drug Discovery Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Furukawa
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
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