1
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Tzeng YDT, Hsiao JH, Tseng LM, Hou MF, Li CJ. Breast cancer organoids derived from patients: A platform for tailored drug screening. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115803. [PMID: 37709150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer stands as the most prevalent and heterogeneous malignancy affecting women globally, posing a substantial health concern. Enhanced comprehension of tumor pathology and the development of novel therapeutics are pivotal for advancing breast cancer treatment. Contemporary breast cancer investigation heavily leans on in vivo models and conventional cell culture techniques. Nonetheless, these approaches often encounter high failure rates in clinical trials due to species disparities and tissue structure variations. To address this, three-dimensional cultivation of organoids, resembling organ-like structures, has emerged as a promising alternative. Organoids represent innovative in vitro models that mirror in vivo tissue microenvironments. They retain the original tumor's diversity and facilitate the expansion of tumor samples from diverse origins, facilitating the representation of varying tumor stages. Optimized breast cancer organoid models, under precise culture conditions, offer benefits including convenient sample acquisition, abbreviated cultivation durations, and genetic stability. These attributes ensure a faithful replication of in vivo traits of breast cancer cells. As intricate cellular entities boasting spatial arrangements, breast cancer organoid models harbor substantial potential in precision medicine, organ transplantation, modeling intricate diseases, gene therapy, and drug innovation. This review delivers an overview of organoid culture techniques and outlines future prospects for organoid modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Dun Tony Tzeng
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hu Hsiao
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Minsheng Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan; Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
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2
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Berndt-Paetz M, Han S, Weimann A, Reinhold A, Nürnberger S, Neuhaus J. Cell Line-Based Human Bladder Organoids with Bladder-like Self-Organization-A New Standardized Approach in Bladder Cancer Research. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2958. [PMID: 38001959 PMCID: PMC10669858 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional tumor models have gained significant importance in bladder cancer (BCa) research. Organoids consisting of different cell types better mimic solid tumors in terms of 3D architecture, proliferation, cell-cell interaction and drug responses. We developed four organoids from human BCa cell lines with fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells of the bladder, aiming to find models for BCa research. The organoids were characterized in terms of cytokeratins, vimentin, α-actin and KI67 by immunoreactivity. Further, we studied ligand-dependent activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and investigated the responses to anti-tumor therapies. The organoids mimicked the structure of an inverse bladder wall, with outside urothelial cells and a core of supportive cells. The cytokeratin staining patterns and proliferation rate were in conjunction with the origins of the BCa cells. RT-112 even showed stratification of the epithelium. Treatment with Wnt10B led to increased β-catenin (active) levels in high-grade organoids, but not in low-grade BCa cells. Doxorubicin treatment resulted in clearly reduced viability (10-30% vs. untreated). In contrast, the effectivity of radiotherapy depended on the proliferation status of BCa cells. In conclusion, cell-line-based organoids can form bladder-like structures and reproduce in vivo features such as urothelial differentiation and stratification. Thus, they can be useful tools for functional studies in BCa and anti-cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Berndt-Paetz
- Department of Urology, Research Laboratories, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.W.); (A.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Shanfu Han
- Clinical Apartment, Cornerstone MedTech (Beijing) Limited, Beijing 100005, China;
| | - Annett Weimann
- Department of Urology, Research Laboratories, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.W.); (A.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Annabell Reinhold
- Department of Urology, Research Laboratories, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.W.); (A.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Sandra Nürnberger
- Department of Urology, Research Laboratories, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.W.); (A.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Jochen Neuhaus
- Department of Urology, Research Laboratories, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.W.); (A.R.); (S.N.)
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3
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Farouk SM, Khafaga AF, Abdellatif AM. Bladder cancer: therapeutic challenges and role of 3D cell culture systems in the screening of novel cancer therapeutics. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:251. [PMID: 37880676 PMCID: PMC10601189 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the sixth most common worldwide urologic malignancy associated with elevated morbidity and mortality rates if not well treated. The muscle-invasive form of BC develops in about 25% of patients. Moreover, according to estimates, 50% of patients with invasive BC experience fatal metastatic relapses. Currently, resistance to drug-based therapy is the major tumble to BC treatment. The three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures are clearly more relevant not only as a novel evolving gadget in drug screening but also as a bearable therapeutic for different diseases. In this review, various subtypes of BC and mechanisms of drug resistance to the commonly used anticancer therapies are discussed. We also summarize the key lineaments of the latest cell-based assays utilizing 3D cell culture systems and their impact on understanding the pathophysiology of BC. Such knowledge could ultimately help to address the most efficient BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh M Farouk
- Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdellatif
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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4
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Jiang X, Oyang L, Peng Q, Liu Q, Xu X, Wu N, Tan S, Yang W, Han Y, Lin J, Xia L, Peng M, Tang Y, Luo X, Su M, Shi Y, Zhou Y, Liao Q. Organoids: opportunities and challenges of cancer therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1232528. [PMID: 37576596 PMCID: PMC10413981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1232528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids are a class of multicellular structures with the capability of self-organizing and the characteristic of original tissues, they are generated from stem cells in 3D culture in vitro. Organoids can mimic the occurrence and progression of original tissues and widely used in disease models in recent years. The ability of tumor organoids to retain characteristic of original tumors make them unique for tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. However, the history of organoid development and the application of organoid technology in cancer therapy are not well understood. In this paper, we reviewed the history of organoids development, the culture methods of tumor organoids establishing and the applications of organoids in cancer research for better understanding the process of tumor development and providing better strategies for cancer therapy. The standardization of organoids cultivation facilitated the large-scale production of tumor organoids. Moreover, it was found that combination of tumor organoids and other cells such as immune cells, fibroblasts and nervous cells would better mimic the microenvironment of tumor progression. This might be important developing directions for tumor organoids in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjie Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linda Oyang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiu Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuemeng Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Nayiyuan Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shiming Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaqian Han
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinguan Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingjing Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Su
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingrui Shi
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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5
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Russell SK, Harrison JK, Olson BS, Lee HJ, O'Brien VP, Xing X, Livny J, Yu L, Roberson EDO, Bomjan R, Fan C, Sha M, Estfanous S, Amer AO, Colonna M, Stappenbeck TS, Wang T, Hannan TJ, Hultgren SJ. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli infection-induced epithelial trained immunity impacts urinary tract disease outcome. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:875-888. [PMID: 37037942 PMCID: PMC10159856 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous urinary tract infections (UTIs) can predispose one to future infections; however, the underlying mechanisms affecting recurrence are poorly understood. We previously found that UTIs in mice cause differential bladder epithelial (urothelial) remodelling, depending on disease outcome, that impacts susceptibility to recurrent UTI. Here we compared urothelial stem cell (USC) lines isolated from mice with a history of either resolved or chronic uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) infection, elucidating evidence of molecular imprinting that involved epigenetic changes, including differences in chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation and histone modification. Epigenetic marks in USCs from chronically infected mice enhanced caspase-1-mediated cell death upon UPEC infection, promoting bacterial clearance. Increased Ptgs2os2 expression also occurred, potentially contributing to sustained cyclooxygenase-2 expression, bladder inflammation and mucosal wounding-responses associated with severe recurrent cystitis. Thus, UPEC infection acts as an epi-mutagen reprogramming the urothelial epigenome, leading to urothelial-intrinsic remodelling and training of the innate response to subsequent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongmi K Russell
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica K Harrison
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin S Olson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hyung Joo Lee
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Valerie P O'Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Human Biology Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Xing
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan Livny
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elisha D O Roberson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rajdeep Bomjan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Changxu Fan
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marina Sha
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shady Estfanous
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal O Amer
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Thomas J Hannan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Scott J Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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6
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GSK-3 inhibition reverts mesenchymal transition in primary human corneal endothelial cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151302. [PMID: 36905755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human corneal endothelial cells are organized in a tight mosaic of hexagonal cells and serve a critical function in maintaining corneal hydration and clear vision. Regeneration of the corneal endothelial tissue is hampered by its poor proliferative capacity, which is partially retrieved in vitro, albeit only for a limited number of passages before the cells undergo mesenchymal transition (EnMT). Although different culture conditions have been proposed in order to delay this process and prolong the number of cell passages, EnMT has still not been fully understood and successfully counteracted. In this perspective, we identified herein a single GSK-3 inhibitor, CHIR99021, able to revert and avoid EnMT in primary human corneal endothelial cells (HCEnCs) from old donors until late passages in vitro (P8), as shown from cell morphology analysis (circularity). In accordance, CHIR99021 reduced expression of α-SMA, an EnMT marker, while restored endothelial markers such as ZO-1, Na+/K+ ATPase and N-cadherin, without increasing cell proliferation. A further analysis on RNA expression confirmed that CHIR99021 induced downregulation of EnMT markers (α-SMA and CD44), upregulation of the proliferation repressor p21 and revealed novel insights into the β-catenin and TGFβ pathways intersections in HCEnCs. The use of CHIR99021 sheds light on the mechanisms involved in EnMT, providing a substantial advantage in maintaining primary HCEnCs in culture until late passages, while preserving the correct morphology and phenotype. Altogether, these results bring crucial advancements towards the improvement of the corneal endothelial cells based therapy.
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Bao P, Li P, Zhou X, Zhang H, You S, Xu Z, Wu Q. SMAR1 inhibits proliferation, EMT and Warburg effect of bladder cancer cells by suppressing the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:229-241. [PMID: 35980125 PMCID: PMC9817122 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2112006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of scaffold matrix attachment region binding protein 1 (SMAR1) on the development of bladder cancer (BCa). SMAR1 expression in paired tumor and corresponding adjacent normal tissues from 55 BCa patients was detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. BCa cells were transfected to regulate SMAR1 expression. BCa cells were treated with XAV-939, LiCl and 2-deoxyglucose. The effect of SMAR1 on the viability, proliferation, migration, invasion and Warburg effect of BCa cells was researched by counting kit-8, colony formation assay, Transwell and aerobic glycolysis assays. Western blot was performed to detect protein expression. BCa cell growth in vivo was recorded in nude mice. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for clinical and xenografted tumor tissue specimens. SMAR1 expression was down-regulated in BCa patients, associating with worse prognoses. SMAR1 knockdown enhanced the viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT and Warburg effect of BCa cells. The opposite effect was found in the SMAR1 overexpression BCa cells. XAV-939 treatment reversed the elevation of β-catenin, c-Myc and Cyclin D1 proteins expression and Warburg effect in Bca cells post-SMAR1 knockdown. LiCl treatment abrogated the inhibition of β-catenin, c-Myc and Cyclin D1 proteins expression and Warburg effect proteins due to SMAR1 overexpression in BCa cells. SMAR1 overexpression inhibited the growth of BCa cells in vivo. SMAR1 might suppress the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activity to inhibit the progression of BCa. It might be an effective treatment target for BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Bao
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, P. R. China
| | - Huijiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, P. R. China
| | - Shengjie You
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyu Xu
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, P. R. China
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8
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Scognamiglio I, Cocca L, Puoti I, Palma F, Ingenito F, Quintavalle C, Affinito A, Roscigno G, Nuzzo S, Chianese RV, Belli S, Thomas G, Schomann T, Chan A, Stoppelli MP, Condorelli G. Exosomal microRNAs synergistically trigger stromal fibroblasts in breast cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 28:17-31. [PMID: 35317202 PMCID: PMC8908025 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype. TNBC progression is sustained by recruitment of a strong tumor microenvironment (TME) mainly composed of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) able to endorse tumor hallmarks. Increasing evidences demonstrate that exosomes mediate the crosstalk between cancer cells and the TME. We examined TNBC-derived exosomes and their microRNA (miRNA) cargo in activation of normal fibroblasts (NFs) toward CAFs. We demonstrated that TNBC cell-derived exosomes increased NF collagen contraction and migration alongside CAF molecular markers. Exosome-activated fibroblasts promoted the invasion potential of normal breast epithelial cells, as assessed by an organotypic co-culture assay that resembled the in vivo context. We also investigated TNBC cell-derived exosome cargo in activating NFs to CAFs by performing small RNA sequencing. We found that the synergistic action of miR-185-5p, miR-652-5p, and miR-1246 boosted fibroblast migration and contraction, promoting specific CAF subspecialization toward a pro-migratory functional state. These data highlight the role of breast cancer cells in re-education of the TME and their contribution to tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda Scognamiglio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenza Cocca
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Puoti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Palma
- Percuros BV, Eerbeeklaan 42, 2573 HT Den Haag, the Netherlands
| | | | - Cristina Quintavalle
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology G. Salvatore (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Nuzzo
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Vincenzo Chianese
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Belli
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), National Research Council (CNR), Via Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Timo Schomann
- Percuros BV, Eerbeeklaan 42, 2573 HT Den Haag, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alan Chan
- Percuros BV, Eerbeeklaan 42, 2573 HT Den Haag, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Patrizia Stoppelli
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), National Research Council (CNR), Via Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gerolama Condorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology G. Salvatore (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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9
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Wei Y, Amend B, Todenhöfer T, Lipke N, Aicher WK, Fend F, Stenzl A, Harland N. Urinary Tract Tumor Organoids Reveal Eminent Differences in Drug Sensitivities When Compared to 2-Dimensional Culture Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116305. [PMID: 35682984 PMCID: PMC9181330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of organoids from urinary tract tumor samples was pioneered a few years ago. We generated organoids from two upper tract urothelial carcinomas and from one bladder cancer sample, and confirmed the expression of cytokeratins as urothelial antigens, vimentin as a mesenchymal marker, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 by immunohistochemistry. We investigated the dose response curves of two novel components, venetoclax versus S63845, in comparison to the clinical standard cisplatin in organoids in comparison to the corresponding two-dimensional cultures. Normal urothelial cells and tumor lines RT4 and HT1197 served as controls. We report that upper tract urothelial carcinoma cells and bladder cancer cells in two-dimensional cultures yielded clearly different sensitivities towards venetoclax, S63845, and cisplatin. Two-dimensional cultures were more sensitive at low drug concentrations, while organoids yielded higher drug efficacies at higher doses. In some two-dimensional cell viability experiments, colorimetric assays yielded different IC50 toxicity levels when compared to chemiluminescence assays. Organoids exhibited distinct sensitivities towards cisplatin and to a somewhat lesser extent towards venetoclax or S63845, respectively, and significantly different sensitivities towards the three drugs investigated when compared to the corresponding two-dimensional cultures. We conclude that organoids maintained inter-individual sensitivities towards venetoclax, S63845, and cisplatin. The preclinical models and test systems employed may bias the results of cytotoxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Center for Medicine Research, Eberhard Karls University, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany; (Y.W.); (N.L.); (W.K.A.)
| | - Bastian Amend
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (B.A.); (T.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Tilman Todenhöfer
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (B.A.); (T.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Nizar Lipke
- Center for Medicine Research, Eberhard Karls University, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany; (Y.W.); (N.L.); (W.K.A.)
| | - Wilhelm K. Aicher
- Center for Medicine Research, Eberhard Karls University, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany; (Y.W.); (N.L.); (W.K.A.)
| | - Falko Fend
- Institute for Pathology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (B.A.); (T.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Niklas Harland
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (B.A.); (T.T.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7071-298-6613
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Medle B, Sjödahl G, Eriksson P, Liedberg F, Höglund M, Bernardo C. Patient-Derived Bladder Cancer Organoid Models in Tumor Biology and Drug Testing: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092062. [PMID: 35565191 PMCID: PMC9104249 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Primary culture of cancer cells from patient tumors in a physiologically relevant system can provide information about tumor biology, disentangle the role of different cell types within the tumors, and give information about drug sensitivity for the development of cancer-targeted therapies and precision medicine. This requires the use of well-characterized and easily expandable tumor models. This review focuses on 3D models developed from primary human tissue including normal urothelium or bladder cancer samples, the characteristics of the models, and to what extent the organoids represent the diversity observed among human tumors. Abstract Bladder cancer is a common and highly heterogeneous malignancy with a relatively poor outcome. Patient-derived tumor organoid cultures have emerged as a preclinical model with improved biomimicity. However, the impact of the different methods being used in the composition and dynamics of the models remains unknown. This study aims to systematically review the literature regarding patient-derived organoid models for normal and cancer tissue of the bladder, and their current and potential future applications for tumor biology studies and drug testing. A PRISMA-compliant systematic review of the PubMED, Embase, Web of Sciences, and Scopus databases was performed. The results were analyzed based on the methodologies, comparison with primary tumors, functional analysis, and chemotherapy and immunotherapy testing. The literature search identified 536 articles, 24 of which met the inclusion criteria. Bladder cancer organoid models have been increasingly used for tumor biology studies and drug screening. Despite the heterogeneity between methods, organoids and primary tissues showed high genetic and phenotypic concordance. Organoid sensitivity to chemotherapy matched the response in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and predicted response based on clinical and mutation data. Advances in bioengineering technology, such as microfluidic devices, bioprinters, and imaging, are likely to further standardize and expand the use of organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Medle
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (B.M.); (P.E.); (M.H.)
| | - Gottfrid Sjödahl
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Urothelial Carcinoma Research, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö and Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Gata 5, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden; (G.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Pontus Eriksson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (B.M.); (P.E.); (M.H.)
| | - Fredrik Liedberg
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Urothelial Carcinoma Research, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö and Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Gata 5, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden; (G.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Mattias Höglund
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (B.M.); (P.E.); (M.H.)
| | - Carina Bernardo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (B.M.); (P.E.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-73-032-48-78
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11
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Jiménez-Guerrero R, Belmonte-Fernández A, Flores ML, González-Moreno M, Pérez-Valderrama B, Romero F, Japón MÁ, Sáez C. Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Contributes to Paclitaxel Resistance in Bladder Cancer Cells with Cancer Stem Cell-Like Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010450. [PMID: 35008872 PMCID: PMC8745426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays an important role in tumor progression and chemotherapy resistance and seems to be essential for the maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSC) in several tumor types. However, the interplay of these factors has not been fully addressed in bladder cancer. Here, our goal was to analyze the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in paclitaxel resistance and to study the therapeutic efficacy of its inhibition in bladder cancer cells, as well as to determine its influence in the maintenance of the CSC-like phenotype in bladder cancer. Our results show that paclitaxel-resistant HT1197 cells have hyperactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and increased CSC-like properties compared with paclitaxel-sensitive 5637 cells. Paclitaxel sensitivity diminishes in 5637 cells after β-catenin overexpression or when they are grown as tumorspheres, enriched for the CSC-like phenotype. Additionally, downregulation of β-catenin or inhibition with XAV939 sensitizes HT1197 cells to paclitaxel. Moreover, a subset of muscle-invasive bladder carcinomas shows aberrant expression of β-catenin that associates with positive expression of the CSC marker ALDH1A1. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to paclitaxel resistance in bladder cancer cells with CSC-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Jiménez-Guerrero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; (R.J.-G.); (M.G.-M.)
| | | | - M. Luz Flores
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario de Badajoz, 06080 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Mónica González-Moreno
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; (R.J.-G.); (M.G.-M.)
| | | | - Francisco Romero
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (A.B.-F.); (F.R.)
| | - Miguel Á. Japón
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; (R.J.-G.); (M.G.-M.)
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.Á.J.); (C.S.); Tel.: +34-955013027 (M.Á.J.); +34-955923091 (C.S.); Fax: +34-955923101 (C.S.)
| | - Carmen Sáez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; (R.J.-G.); (M.G.-M.)
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.Á.J.); (C.S.); Tel.: +34-955013027 (M.Á.J.); +34-955923091 (C.S.); Fax: +34-955923101 (C.S.)
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12
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Lee TH, Heo JH, Jeong JY, Lee GH, Park DS, Kim TH. Low Expression of EphB2, EphB3, and EphB4 in Bladder Cancer: Novel Potential Indicators of Muscular Invasion. Yonsei Med J 2021; 62:679-690. [PMID: 34296545 PMCID: PMC8298868 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2021.62.8.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Eph receptors are differentially expressed in numerous malignant tumors. This study intended to analyze the roles of EphB receptors (EphB2, B3, and B4) in urinary bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical analysis was used to investigate the expression patterns of EphB2, EphB3, and EphB4 in 154 bladder cancer specimens. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted examining the extent of stained cells and staining intensity. EphB was considered to be highly expressed when the intensity of staining was more than moderate in >25% of cells in the tissue section. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down EphB expression in bladder cancer cell lines (T24, 5637) to determine the effects of EphB on tumor cell invasion, proliferation, and migration. RESULTS EphB receptors (B2, B3, and B4) were detected in 40.9% (EphB2, 63/154), 71.4% (EphB3, 110/154), and 53.2% (EphB4, 82/154) of bladder cancer specimens. Low expression of EphB2, B3, and B4 receptors were significantly associated with higher tumor grade (EphB2, p<0.001; EphB3, p=0.032; EphB4, p<0.001) and muscular invasion (EphB2, p=0.002; EphB3, p=0.009; EphB4, p<0.001). No obvious correlation was observed with other clinicopathological variables, such as age, sex, recurrence, lymph node involvement, metastasis, and overall survival. Inactivation of EphB receptors by siRNA transfection increased cell viability, tumor cell invasion, proliferation, and migration in comparison with untransfected cancer cells. CONCLUSION Low expression of EphB receptors (B2, B3, and B4) can be a predictive marker for muscular invasion of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Ho Lee
- Department of Urology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jin Hyung Heo
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Jeong
- Clinical Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Gee Hoon Lee
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Park
- Department of Urology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Tae Hoen Kim
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
- Clinical Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.
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13
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Lim JR, Mouawad J, Gorton OK, Bubb WA, Kwan AH. Cancer stem cell characteristics and their potential as therapeutic targets. Med Oncol 2021; 38:76. [PMID: 34050825 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a tumour subpopulation whose capacity for self-renewal, differentiation and proliferation generates unfavourable patient outcomes, including therapeutic resistance and metastasis. Much research has focused on the generation, biomarkers and therapeutic resistance of CSCs, as well as the development of CSC-targeted therapies. Reviews to date have either addressed general CSC characteristics or focused on CSCs from a well-studied cancer. Increasingly, specific treatment plans based on identification of molecular features and biomarkers of a patient's cancer, rather than classification according to tissue origin or bulk tumour properties, are leading to better patient outcomes. Here, we compare CSC characteristics, specifically their biomarkers and molecular features, and identify those that are common to a number of cancers. Identification of CSC markers that suggest therapeutic strategies has led to several successful in vitro and animal tests, recommending clinical trials of treatments with potentially enhanced therapeutic benefits, especially for recurring cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ann H Kwan
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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14
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Dehghanbanadaki N, Taghdir M, Naderi-Manesh H. Investigation of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide as A Competitive Inhibitory Candidate Against Wnt/β-Catenin Signalling: A Molecular Dynamics Approach. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Shan G, Zhou X, Gu J, Zhou D, Cheng W, Wu H, Wang Y, Tang T, Wang X. Downregulated exosomal microRNA-148b-3p in cancer associated fibroblasts enhance chemosensitivity of bladder cancer cells by downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and upregulating PTEN. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:45-59. [PMID: 33423167 PMCID: PMC7906940 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Exosomes derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are known as important drivers of tumor progression. Previously, microRNA (miR)-148b-3p has been found to be upregulated in bladder cancers as well as in body fluids (blood, urine) of bladder cancer patients. Here, we aimed to explore the role of CAF-derived exosome miR-148b-3p in bladder cancer progression and chemosensitivity. Methods Transwell, MTT, flow cytometry and colony formation assays were applied to assess the effects of CAF-derived exosomes on bladder cancer cell metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and chemosensitivity. A dual luciferase reporter assay was employed to evaluate the targeting relationship between miR-148b-3p and PTEN. Gain- and loss- of function assays were conducted to explore the roles of miR-148b-3p and PTEN in the behavior of bladder cancer cells. The role of PTEN in the metastasis, EMT and chemosensitivity of bladder cancer cells was assessed both in vivo and in vitro. Results We found that CAF-derived exosomes promoted the metastasis, EMT and drug resistance of bladder cancer cells. We also found that CAF-derived exosomes could directly transport miR-148b-3p into bladder cancer cells. In a xenograft mouse model we found that CAF-derived exosomes increased miR-148b-3p expression levels and promoted tumor proliferation, metastasis and drug resistance. PTEN was validated as a target of miR-148b-3p. Concordantly, we found that PTEN overexpression inhibited EMT, metastasis and chemoresistance in bladder cancer cells, reversing the tumor promoting effects of miR-148b-3p via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Conclusions Our results suggest that miR-148b-3p downregulation in CAF-derived exosomes, thereby inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and promoting PTEN expression, may offer potential opportunities for bladder cancer treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s13402-020-00500-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Shan
- Department of Urology, RenMin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xike Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Nanjing Medical University, 1215 Guangrui Road, Jiangsu, 214000, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, The Medical School of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214000, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Gu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Nanjing Medical University, 1215 Guangrui Road, Jiangsu, 214000, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, The Medical School of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214000, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoping Zhou
- Center for Precision Medicine, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, 230041, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Center for Precision Medicine, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, 230041, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaiguo Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, 230041, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueping Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, 230041, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Science, Massachusetts University, MA, 02125, Boston, USA
| | - Tian Tang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, 230041, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, RenMin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, 430060, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, The Medical School of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214000, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Precision Medicine, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, 230041, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Chen J, Wang F, Xu H, Xu L, Chen D, Wang J, Huang S, Wen Y, Fang L. Long Non-Coding RNA SNHG1 Regulates the Wnt/β-Catenin and PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathways via EZH2 to Affect the Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Autophagy of Prostate Cancer Cell. Front Oncol 2020; 10:552907. [PMID: 33194612 PMCID: PMC7643000 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.552907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant cancer in western developed countries, which has seriously threatened the life style and life quality of men. Its pathogenesis and causes remain indistinct. Currently, it is found that lncRNA-SNHG1 (SNHG1) is highly expressed in multiple tumors with proto-oncogene effect, but its function and mechanism in PCa need to be further studied. Methods The expression of SNHG1 and EZH2 was detected by RT-qPCR in the 20 pairs of PCa tissue, adjacent tissue and PCa cell lines. They were transfected with siRNA NC, SNHG1 siRNA, EZH2 siRNA, SNHG1 siRNA+empty, and SNHG1 siRNA+EZH2 overexpression. Then, MTT and colony formation assay were used to detect the proliferation and cloning ability of PCa cells LNCaP and PC3. Transwell and flow cytometry were used to measure cell migration and invasion ability and apoptosis level respectively. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the LC3 spot formation. Western blot was used to detect the expression of the autophagy-related proteins, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related proteins. Finally, in vivo nude mice tumorigenesis experiment to explore the effect of SNHG1 expression on PCa. Results We found that SNHG1 and EZH2 were up-regulated in PCa tissue and cells. The expression of SNHG1 and EZH2 was positively correlated. RNA pull down and RNA IP assay further confirmed that SNHG1 bound to EZH2. The proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of LNCaP and PC3 cells were significantly reduced with the interference with SNHG1or EZH2 compared with the control group. The related proteins of Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway were significantly reduced after the interference with SNHG1 or EZH2; after simultaneous interference with SNHG1 and overexpression of EZH2, the functional effects on LNCaP and PC3 cells interfered with SNHG1 were reversed. These results were also confirmed in vivo nude mice tumor formation experiments. Conclusions This study reveals that lncRNA-SNHG1 regulates Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways via EZH2 gene to affect proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of PCa cells. This experiment provides ideas and experimental basis for the improvement and treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Fubo Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfan Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Sihuai Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yiqun Wen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Longmin Fang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Wu Z, Yu B, Jiang L. MiR-212-3p mediates apoptosis and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by targeting SOX4. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:4357-4367. [PMID: 32944348 PMCID: PMC7475581 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-2558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the predominant subtype of esophageal cancer in East Asia, with approximately half of ESCC cases occurring in China. ESCC poses a serious threat to the quality of life of patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are extremely important in the occurrence and development of ESCC. Current studies have shown that miR-212-3p is expressed at low levels in esophageal adenocarcinoma tumor tissues; however, its function and mechanism in ESCC have not been studied. Methods The expression levels of miR-212-3p and SOX4 were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in ESCC tissues and adjacent tissues, and ESCC cell lines from 60 patients. The interaction of miR-212-3p and SOX4 was determined using a dual-luciferase reporter gene system. EC9706 Cells were transfected with miR-212-3p mimic, NC mimic, si-NC and si-SOX4 and miR-212-3p mimic + overexpressing-SOX4, and the effects on miR-212-3p and SOX4 expression were observed, respectively. An MTT assay was carried out to detect the proliferation ability of ESCC. The invasion ability and apoptosis level of the cells were determined by Transwell assay and flow cytometry, respectively. qPCR was used to detect expression of miR-212-3p and SOX4. Western blot was performed to observe the expression of SOX4, Wnt1, β-catenin, c-Myc, and Cyclin D1. Results miR-212-3P was observed to be down-regulated in ESCC tissues and cells, while SOX4 expression was up-regulated; the two were negatively correlated. The dual-luciferase reporter gene further confirmed that miR-212-3p targeted SOX4. miR-212-3p overexpression and interference with SOX4 significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of ESCC EC970 cells, and promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, the results of Western blot confirmed that miR-212-3p overexpression and interference with SOX4 down-regulated the expression of Wnt1, β-catenin, c-Myc, and Cyclin D1. Meanwhile, SOX4 overexpression reversed the effect of up-regulation of miR-212-3p on EC970 function. Conclusions miR-212-3p mediates the apoptosis and invasion of ESCC cells through inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway by targeting SOX4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Boyao Yu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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He P, Xiong G, Guo W, Jiang G, Li Y, Li H. Long non-coding RNA CCAT2 promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:97. [PMID: 32831916 PMCID: PMC7439128 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA colon cancer associated transcript 2 (CCAT2) is dysregulated in a number of different types of human cancer, and affects cancer progression via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. However, the roles of CCAT2 and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in prostate cancer (PCa) are not completely understood. The present study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of CCAT2 in PCa. In the present study, the reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) results indicated that CCAT2 expression was significantly upregulated in PCa tissues, and DU145 and PC3 cell lines compared with normal prostate tissues and the epithelial RWPE-1 cell line, respectively. Functional assays indicated that CCAT2 downregulation inhibited DU145 and PC3 cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration and invasion. In addition, the luciferase reporter assay, RT-qPCR and western blotting results indicated that CCAT2 regulated transcription factor 7 like 2 (TCF7L2) expression by binding to microRNA-217. Further western blotting and TOPFlash assays indicated that CCAT2-knockdown inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in DU145 and PC3 cell lines by inhibiting the expression of TCF7L2. However, CCAT2-knockdown-mediated effects were reversed by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activator lithium chloride (LiCl). Further cell experiments suggested that LiCl treatment reversed CCAT2-knockdown-mediated inhibition of PCa cell proliferation, cell cycle, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion. Overall, the results indicated that CCAT2 regulated PCa via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway; therefore, CCAT2 may exhibit key role during the progression of PCa and may serve as a therapeutic target for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Guoguang Xiong
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Guanjun Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
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Organoid model of urothelial cancer: establishment and applications for bladder cancer research. Biotechniques 2020; 69:193-199. [PMID: 32654505 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2020-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
3D cancer cell models are suitable for drug evaluation because they more precisely mimic tissue architecture than 2D cultures. To study cytotoxicity of anticancer agents, the most sensitive CellTiter-Glo 3D assay is used. However, this is an end point assay, so it is not possible to consider the variance of the starting material amount in the final reading. It is difficult to maintain an even plating density of 3D organoids for cytotoxicity analysis. We present a simple, 3D bladder cancer culture that can be maintained, cryopreserved and used for molecular and drug response studies. We applied a simple modification of the drug response assay for 3D cultures by measuring the background signal with the CellTiter Blue assay before drug application.
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Das S, Gordián-Vélez WJ, Ledebur HC, Mourkioti F, Rompolas P, Chen HI, Serruya MD, Cullen DK. Innervation: the missing link for biofabricated tissues and organs. NPJ Regen Med 2020; 5:11. [PMID: 32550009 PMCID: PMC7275031 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-020-0096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Innervation plays a pivotal role as a driver of tissue and organ development as well as a means for their functional control and modulation. Therefore, innervation should be carefully considered throughout the process of biofabrication of engineered tissues and organs. Unfortunately, innervation has generally been overlooked in most non-neural tissue engineering applications, in part due to the intrinsic complexity of building organs containing heterogeneous native cell types and structures. To achieve proper innervation of engineered tissues and organs, specific host axon populations typically need to be precisely driven to appropriate location(s) within the construct, often over long distances. As such, neural tissue engineering and/or axon guidance strategies should be a necessary adjunct to most organogenesis endeavors across multiple tissue and organ systems. To address this challenge, our team is actively building axon-based "living scaffolds" that may physically wire in during organ development in bioreactors and/or serve as a substrate to effectively drive targeted long-distance growth and integration of host axons after implantation. This article reviews the neuroanatomy and the role of innervation in the functional regulation of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle tissue and highlights potential strategies to promote innervation of biofabricated engineered muscles, as well as the use of "living scaffolds" in this endeavor for both in vitro and in vivo applications. We assert that innervation should be included as a necessary component for tissue and organ biofabrication, and that strategies to orchestrate host axonal integration are advantageous to ensure proper function, tolerance, assimilation, and bio-regulation with the recipient post-implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suradip Das
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Wisberty J. Gordián-Vélez
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | - Foteini Mourkioti
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Panteleimon Rompolas
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - H. Isaac Chen
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Mijail D. Serruya
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - D. Kacy Cullen
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Axonova Medical, LLC., Philadelphia, PA USA
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21
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Roy V, Magne B, Vaillancourt-Audet M, Blais M, Chabaud S, Grammond E, Piquet L, Fradette J, Laverdière I, Moulin VJ, Landreville S, Germain L, Auger FA, Gros-Louis F, Bolduc S. Human Organ-Specific 3D Cancer Models Produced by the Stromal Self-Assembly Method of Tissue Engineering for the Study of Solid Tumors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6051210. [PMID: 32352002 PMCID: PMC7178531 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6051210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer research has considerably progressed with the improvement of in vitro study models, helping to understand the key role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer development and progression. Over the last few years, complex 3D human cell culture systems have gained much popularity over in vivo models, as they accurately mimic the tumor microenvironment and allow high-throughput drug screening. Of particular interest, in vitrohuman 3D tissue constructs, produced by the self-assembly method of tissue engineering, have been successfully used to model the tumor microenvironment and now represent a very promising approach to further develop diverse cancer models. In this review, we describe the importance of the tumor microenvironment and present the existing in vitro cancer models generated through the self-assembly method of tissue engineering. Lastly, we highlight the relevance of this approach to mimic various and complex tumors, including basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous neurofibroma, skin melanoma, bladder cancer, and uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Roy
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Brice Magne
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Maude Vaillancourt-Audet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Blais
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Chabaud
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Emil Grammond
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Léo Piquet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Fradette
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Laverdière
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval and CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Oncology Division, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique J. Moulin
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Solange Landreville
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lucie Germain
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - François A. Auger
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - François Gros-Louis
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bolduc
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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22
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O'Connell L, Winter DC. Organoids: Past Learning and Future Directions. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:281-289. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren O'Connell
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Des C. Winter
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
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23
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Seyer AK, Lehman HL, DeGraff DJ. Modeling Tumor Heterogeneity in Bladder Cancer: The Current State of the Field and Future Needs. Bladder Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/blc-199009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Seyer
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Heather L. Lehman
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, Millersville, PA, USA
| | - David J. DeGraff
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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24
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Nguyen TMX, Vegrichtova M, Tlapakova T, Krulova M, Krylov V. The interconnection between cytokeratin and cell membrane-bound β-catenin in Sertoli cells derived from juvenile Xenopus tropicalis testes. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.043950. [PMID: 31822471 PMCID: PMC6955214 DOI: 10.1242/bio.043950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sertoli cells (SCs) play a central role in the determination of male sex during embryogenesis and spermatogenesis in adulthood. Failure in SC development is responsible for male sterility and testicular cancer. Before the onset of puberty, SCs are immature and differ considerably from mature cells in post-pubertal individuals regarding their morphology and biochemical activity. The major intermediate filament (IF) in mature SCs is vimentin, anchoring germ cells to the seminiferous epithelium. The collapse of vimentin has resulted in the disintegration of seminiferous epithelium and subsequent germ cell apoptosis. However, another IF, cytokeratin (CK) is observed only transiently in immature SCs in many species. Nevertheless, its function in SC differentiation is poorly understood. We examined the interconnection between CK and cell junctions using membrane β-catenin as a marker during testicular development in the Xenopus tropicalis model. Immunohistochemistry on juvenile (5 months old) testes revealed co-expression of CK, membrane β-catenin and E-cadherin. Adult (3-year-old males) samples confirmed only E-cadherin expression; CK and β-catenin were lost. To study the interconnection between CK and β-catenin-based cell junctions, the culture of immature SCs (here called XtiSCs) was employed. Suppression of CK by acrylamide in XtiSCs led to breakdown of membrane-bound β-catenin but not F-actin and β-tubulin or cell-adhesion proteins (focal adhesion kinase and integrin β1). In contrast to the obvious dependence of membrane β-catenin on CK stability, the detachment of β-catenin from the plasma membrane via uncoupling of cadherins by Ca2+ chelator EGTA had no effect on CK integrity. Interestingly, CHIR99021, a GSK3 inhibitor, also suppressed the CK network, resulting in the inhibition of XtiSCs cell-to-cell contacts and testicular development in juvenile frogs. This study suggests a novel role of CK in the retention of β-catenin-based junctions in immature SCs, and thus provides structural support for seminiferous tubule formation and germ cell development. Summary: Cytokeratin (CK) and β-catenin are expressed in juvenile testicles and cultivated Xenopus tropicalis immature Sertoli cells (SC). Acrylamide and CHIR99021 disrupted the CK network, immature SC connections and testes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Minh Xuan Nguyen
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Vinicna 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Department of Biotechnology, The University of Da-Nang, University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang, Da-Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Marketa Vegrichtova
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Vinicna 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Tlapakova
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Vinicna 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Krulova
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Vinicna 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Krylov
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Vinicna 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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25
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Yoshida T, Sopko NA, Kates M, Liu X, Joice G, Mcconkey DJ, Bivalacqua TJ. Impact of spheroid culture on molecular and functional characteristics of bladder cancer cell lines. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4923-4929. [PMID: 31612003 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional cell culture system is an increasingly important technique for discovering new biological aspects of cancer cells. In the present study it was demonstrated that bladder cancer cell lines, RT4 and 5637, spontaneously formed round multicellular spheroids (MCSs) in suspension by the aggregation method. MCSs consisted of cells differentially expressing luminal/basal markers. Western blotting showed that PPARγ and forkhead box A1 (FOXA1)of luminal markers were expressed to a lesser extent in MCSs than in parental cells grown in two-dimensional (2D) adherent culture. Cells in MCSs in suspension proliferated less efficiently, and were more resistant to cisplatin (CDDP) and gemcitabine than parental cells grown in 2D culture. Culturing cell lines as MCSs in suspension is a notable platform to decipher alternative biological aspects of bladder cancer cells, which could not be unraveled by the conventional 2D adherent culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yoshida
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Nikolai A Sopko
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Max Kates
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,The Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Xiaopu Liu
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Gregory Joice
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - David J Mcconkey
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,The Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Trinity J Bivalacqua
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,The Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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26
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Yoshida T, Kates M, Fujita K, Bivalacqua TJ, McConkey DJ. Predictive biomarkers for drug response in bladder cancer. Int J Urol 2019; 26:1044-1053. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yoshida
- Department of Urology The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute Johns Hopkins School of Medicine BaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Max Kates
- Department of Urology The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute Johns Hopkins School of Medicine BaltimoreMarylandUSA
- The Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Osaka Japan
| | - Trinity J Bivalacqua
- Department of Urology The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute Johns Hopkins School of Medicine BaltimoreMarylandUSA
- The Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - David J McConkey
- Department of Urology The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute Johns Hopkins School of Medicine BaltimoreMarylandUSA
- The Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute Baltimore Maryland USA
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27
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Banerjee S, Southgate J. Bladder organoids: a step towards personalised cancer therapy? Transl Androl Urol 2019; 8:S300-S302. [PMID: 31392152 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2019.06.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sreemoti Banerjee
- Jack Birch Unit for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Jennifer Southgate
- Jack Birch Unit for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
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28
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Lee TB, Jun JH. Can Hinokitiol Kill Cancer Cells? Alternative Therapeutic Anticancer Agent via Autophagy and Apoptosis. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2019.51.2.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Bok Lee
- Confocal Core Facility, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School of Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Jun
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School of Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
- Eulji Medi-Bio Research Institute (EMBRI), Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
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29
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Kondo J, Inoue M. Application of Cancer Organoid Model for Drug Screening and Personalized Therapy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050470. [PMID: 31108870 PMCID: PMC6562517 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug screening—i.e., testing the effects of a number of drugs in multiple cell lines—is used for drug discovery and development, and can also be performed to evaluate the heterogeneity of a disease entity. Notably, intertumoral heterogeneity is a large hurdle to overcome for establishing standard cancer treatment, necessitating disease models better than conventional established 2D cell lines for screening novel treatment candidates. In the present review, we outline recent progress regarding experimental cancer models having more physiological and clinical relevance for drug screening, which are important for the successful evaluation of cellular response to drugs. The review is particularly focused on drug screening using the cancer organoid model, which is emerging as a better physiological disease model than conventional established 2D cell lines. We also review the use of cancer organoids to examine intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity, and introduce the perspective of the clinical use of cancer organoids to enable precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Kondo
- Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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30
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Chi D, Zhang W, Jia Y, Cong D, Hu S. Spalt-Like Transcription Factor 1 (SALL1) Gene Expression Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Cell Migration of Human Glioma Cells Through the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2019; 25:128-138. [PMID: 31040265 PMCID: PMC6511114 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.915067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The spalt-like transcription factor 1 (SALL1) gene is a member of the Krüppel-associated box-containing zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs) and has been shown to modulate the onset and progression of human tumors. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects and mechanisms of SALL1 gene expression in human glioblastoma and glioma cells and tissue samples from patients with cerebral glioma. Material/Methods The human glioblastoma cell lines, LN229, U87-MG, U-251, U343, and the Hs683 glioma cell line were studied. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, cell cycle assay, wound-healing assay, transwell assay, Western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to evaluate cell proliferation, cell migration, and the cell cycle and expression of SALL1. Expression of SALL1 mRNA in 120 samples of cerebral glioma and 20 samples of normal brain were studied. Overall survival data from patients with cerebral glioma were analyzed. Results SALL1 expression was down-regulated in human glioblastoma and glioma cells and in cerebral glioma tissues. Down-regulation of SALL1 expression was associated with reduced overall survival. Overexpression of SALL1 was associated with inhibition of cell proliferation associated with cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. SALL1 inhibited cell migration by preventing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and down-regulating the expression of stem cell markers. Reduced levels of β-catenin and downregulation of c-Myc and cyclin D1 and upregulation of p21and p27 expression were associated with SALL1 expression. Conclusions In human glioblastoma cells and cerebral glioma tissues, SALL1 acted as a tumor suppressor gene by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Chi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth Peoples' Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yulong Jia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (mainland)
| | - Damin Cong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (mainland)
| | - Shaoshan Hu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (mainland)
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31
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Xian-Li T, Hong L, Hong Z, Yuan L, Jun-Yong D, Peng X, Yan-Ping S, Fang Y, Nan L. Higher Expression of Linc00152 Promotes Bladder Cancer Proliferation and Metastasis by Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3221-3230. [PMID: 31042695 PMCID: PMC6507494 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have demonstrated that Linc00152 is highly expressed in multiple cancer types and its genes show tumor-promoting characteristics. However, the efficacy and biological mechanism of Linc00152 in bladder cancer remains unclear. Material/Methods We study investigated the relative expression and promoter methylation of Linc00152 in 126 cases of bladder cancer tissues by qRT-PCR and Bisulfite sequencing PCR. qRT-PCR was used to assess the relative expression of Linc00152 in 4 human bladder cancer cell lines. To explore the biological properties of Linc00152, we performed cell growth and soft-agar colony-formation assays, flow cytometry analyses, wound-healing assay, and Transwell assay. Western blot analysis was used to detect the underlying mechanisms of Linc00152 in bladder cancer. Results We found that Linc00152 was highly expressed in 126 cases of bladder carcinoma tissues (p<0.001) and 4 cell lines (p<0.01), and Linc00152 is more commonly expressed in patients with advanced-stage cancer (p=0.021). Knockdown of Linc00152 by using siRNAs in bladder cancer cell lines (T24 and HT-1197) suppressed cell viability and growth by causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (p<0.001), as well as inhibiting cell migration and invasion (p<0.001). In addition, the quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot results suggest that knockdown of Linc00152 reduced Wnt/β-Catenin signaling (p<0.001). Conclusions This research shows that Linc00152 is highly expressed in patients with bladder cancer and the possible carcinogenic effect of Linc00152 in bladder cancer occurs through activating the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway, and could be a new biomarker for diagnosis and prevention of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Xian-Li
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Luo Hong
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Zhou Hong
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Li Yuan
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Dai Jun-Yong
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Xian Peng
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Song Yan-Ping
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Yuan Fang
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Liu Nan
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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Pedone E, Marucci L. Role of β-Catenin Activation Levels and Fluctuations in Controlling Cell Fate. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020176. [PMID: 30823613 PMCID: PMC6410200 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells have developed numerous adaptation mechanisms to external cues by controlling signaling-pathway activity, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a highly conserved signaling pathway involved in many biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, somatic cell reprogramming, development, and cancer. The activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the temporal dynamics of its effector β-catenin are tightly controlled by complex regulations. The latter encompass feedback loops within the pathway (e.g., a negative feedback loop involving Axin2, a β-catenin transcriptional target) and crosstalk interactions with other signaling pathways. Here, we provide a review shedding light on the coupling between Wnt/β-catenin activation levels and fluctuations across processes and cellular systems; in particular, we focus on development, in vitro pluripotency maintenance, and cancer. Possible mechanisms originating Wnt/β-catenin dynamic behaviors and consequently driving different cellular responses are also reviewed, and new avenues for future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pedone
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK.
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Lucia Marucci
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK.
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
- BrisSynBio, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
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Shi Q, Chen X, Sun G, Wang L, Cui L. Ginsenoside Rg1 protects human retinal pigment epithelial ARPE-19 cells from toxicity of high glucose by up-regulation of miR-26a. Life Sci 2019; 221:152-158. [PMID: 30763577 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The therapeutic strategies for diabetic retinopathy (DR) are disappointing. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) extracted from Panax ginseng can induce glucose uptake and lower oxidative stress. We aimed to explore the effect of Rg1 on DR using human retinal pigment epithelium cells (ARPE-19). MAIN METHODS ARPE-19 cells were grown in high glucose (HG) to simulate DR. Cell viability, apoptosis, ROS generation and miR-26a level were examined by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry assay, DCFH-DA staining and RT-qPCR, respectively. Expression of proteins associated with viability, apoptosis and oxidative stress was measured by Western blot analysis. Effects of Rg1 on HG-induced alteration were assessed. Moreover, whether miR-26a was involved in Rg1-associated modulation was verified. Finally, the involvements of the ERK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways were analyzed by Western blot analysis. KEY FINDINGS HG reduced cell viability while promoted apoptosis and oxidative stress in ARPE-19 cells. Rg1 ameliorated HG-induced cell injury. The expression of miR-26a was up-regulated by Rg1 in HG-treated cells, and miR-26a inhibition obviously reversed the effects of Rg1 on HG-treated cells. Finally, we found the ERK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways were inhibited by Rg1 through up-regulation of miR-26a. SIGNIFICANCE Rg1 protected ARPE-19 cells against HG-induced injury through up-regulating miR-26a, along with inhibition of the ERK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Rg1 might be a potential therapeutic drug for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xiuying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Guangli Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Longjiang Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
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Xu D, Chen Y, Yuan C, Zhang S, Peng W. Long non-coding RNA LINC00662 promotes proliferation and migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:647-656. [PMID: 30705593 PMCID: PMC6343512 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s188691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although increasing evidence has demonstrated important roles for long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer development, their functions in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) growth remain largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of LINC00662 in OSCC. Methods The expression of LINC00662 in 61 OSCC tissues and four OSCC cell lines were detected by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation was detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and EdU staining methods. Migration and invasion abilities were analyzed using transwell and wound healing assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate were evaluated by flow cytometry. Western blot method was performed to detect protein expression. Results We found that the expression of LINC00662 was significantly increased in OSCC tissues, and a higher expression of LINC00662 was detected in larger tumor size, higher stage tumors and with lymph node metastasis. Moreover, overexpression of LINC00662 induced OSCC cell proliferation, increased migration and invasion abilities, and suppressed cell apoptosis. Knockdown of LINC00662 decreased the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of OSCC cell, and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, LINC00662 regulated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Conclusion Our data indicate that LINC00662 may represent a novel indicator of OSCC and may be a potential therapeutic target for diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debin Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunmei Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China,
| | - Chunlei Yuan
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyong Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China,
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Tanaka N, Osman AA, Takahashi Y, Lindemann A, Patel AA, Zhao M, Takahashi H, Myers JN. Head and neck cancer organoids established by modification of the CTOS method can be used to predict in vivo drug sensitivity. Oral Oncol 2018; 87:49-57. [PMID: 30527243 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Currently there are no standard biomarkers of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) response to therapy. This is, due to a lack of adequate predictive tumor models. To this end, we established cancer organoid lines from individual patient's tumors, and characterized their growth characteristics and response to different drug treatments with the objective of using these models for prediction of treatment response. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-three patients' samples were processed to establish organoids. To analyze the character of these organoids, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, drug sensitivity assays, clonogenic survival assays, and animal experiments were performed. The HPV status and TP53 mutational status were also confirmed in these lines. RESULTS HNSCC organoids were successfully established with success rate of 30.2%. Corresponding two-dimensional cell lines were established from HNSCC organoids at higher success rate (53.8%). These organoids showed similar histological features and stem cell, epithelial and mesenchymal marker expression to the original tumors, thus recapitulating many of the characteristics of the original tumor cells. The cisplatin and docetaxel IC50 were determined for HNSCC organoids and the corresponding 2D cell lines using drug sensitivity and clonogenic survival assays. Responses to drug treatment in vivo were found to be similar to the IC50 calculated from organoids by drug sensitivity assays in vitro. CONCLUSION We established novel in vitro HNSCC cancer organoid lines retaining many properties of the original tumors from they were derived. These organoids can predict in vivo drug sensitivity and may represent useful tools to develop precision treatments for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Tanaka
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Abdullah A Osman
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yoko Takahashi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Antje Lindemann
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ameeta A Patel
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hideaki Takahashi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Xu H, Lyu X, Yi M, Zhao W, Song Y, Wu K. Organoid technology and applications in cancer research. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:116. [PMID: 30219074 PMCID: PMC6139148 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, the three-dimensional organoid technology has sprung up and become more and more popular among researchers. Organoids are the miniatures of in vivo tissues and organs, and faithfully recapitulate the architectures and distinctive functions of a specific organ. These amazing three-dimensional constructs represent a promising, near-physiological model for human cancers, and tremendously support diverse potential applications in cancer research. Up to now, highly efficient establishment of organoids can be achieved from both normal and malignant tissues of patients. Using this bioengineered platform, the links of infection-cancer progression and mutation-carcinogenesis are feasible to be modeled. Another potential application is that organoid technology facilitates drug testing and guides personalized therapy. Although organoids still fail to model immune system accurately, co-cultures of organoids and lymphocytes have been reported in several studies, bringing hope for further application of this technology in immunotherapy. In addition, the potential value in regeneration medicine might be another paramount branch of organoid technology, which might refine current transplantation therapy through the replacement of irreversibly progressively diseased organs with isogenic healthy organoids. In conclusion, organoids represent an excellent preclinical model for human tumors, promoting the translation from basic cancer research to clinical practice. In this review, we outline organoid technology and summarize its applications in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Xu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaodong Lyu
- Central Laboratory, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Weiheng Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Feng F, Chen A, Huang J, Xia Q, Chen Y, Jin X. Retracted
: Long noncoding RNA SNHG16 contributes to the development of bladder cancer via regulating miR‐98/STAT3/Wnt/β‐catenin pathway axis. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9408-9418. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Feng
- Department of Minimally Invasive Urology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Department of Urology Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan Shandong China
| | - Aiping Chen
- Department of Quality Control Liaocheng People's Hospital Liao Cheng Shandong China
| | - Junjian Huang
- Laboratory of Tumor and Molecular Biology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qinghua Xia
- Department of Minimally Invasive Urology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Yougen Chen
- Department of Minimally Invasive Urology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Xunbo Jin
- Department of Minimally Invasive Urology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
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Miyata Y, Matsuo T, Araki K, Nakamura Y, Sagara Y, Ohba K, Sakai H. Anticancer Effects of Green Tea and the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms in Bladder Cancer. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:medicines5030087. [PMID: 30103466 PMCID: PMC6164790 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5030087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Green tea and green tea polyphenols (GTPs) are reported to inhibit carcinogenesis and malignant behavior in several diseases. Various in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that GTPs suppress the incidence and development of bladder cancer. However, at present, opinions concerning the anticancer effects and preventive role of green tea are conflicting. In addition, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of green tea in bladder cancer remain unclear, as these effects are regulated by several cancer-related factors. A detailed understanding of the pathological roles and regulatory mechanisms at the molecular level is necessary for advancing treatment strategies based on green tea consumption for patients with bladder cancer. In this review, we discuss the anticancer effects of GTPs on the basis of data presented in in vitro studies in bladder cancer cell lines and in vivo studies using animal models, as well as new treatment strategies for patients with bladder cancer, based on green tea consumption. Finally, on the basis of the accumulated data and the main findings, we discuss the potential usefulness of green tea as an antibladder cancer agent and the future direction of green tea-based treatment strategies for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 852-8501 Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Matsuo
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 852-8501 Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Kyohei Araki
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 852-8501 Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Yuichiro Nakamura
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 852-8501 Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Yuji Sagara
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 852-8501 Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Kojiro Ohba
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 852-8501 Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 852-8501 Nagasaki, Japan.
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Yoshida T, Singh AK, Bishai WR, McConkey DJ, Bivalacqua TJ. Organoid culture of bladder cancer cells. Investig Clin Urol 2018; 59:149-151. [PMID: 29744470 PMCID: PMC5934275 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2018.59.3.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Hyogo Prefectural Nishinomiya Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Alok K Singh
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William R Bishai
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David J McConkey
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Bladder Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Trinity J Bivalacqua
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Bladder Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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