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Ramović Hamzagić A, Gazdić Janković M, Cvetković D, Nikolić D, Nikolić S, Milivojević Dimitrijević N, Kastratović N, Živanović M, Miletić Kovačević M, Ljujić B. Machine Learning Model for Prediction of Development of Cancer Stem Cell Subpopulation in Tumurs Subjected to Polystyrene Nanoparticles. TOXICS 2024; 12:354. [PMID: 38787133 PMCID: PMC11125870 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a key role in tumor progression, as they are often responsible for drug resistance and metastasis. Environmental pollution with polystyrene has a negative impact on human health. We investigated the effect of polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs) on cancer cell stemness using flow cytometric analysis of CD24, CD44, ABCG2, ALDH1 and their combinations. This study uses simultaneous in vitro cell lines and an in silico machine learning (ML) model to predict the progression of cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulations in colon (HCT-116) and breast (MDA-MB-231) cancer cells. Our findings indicate a significant increase in cancer stemness induced by PSNPs. Exposure to polystyrene nanoparticles stimulated the development of less differentiated subpopulations of cells within the tumor, a marker of increased tumor aggressiveness. The experimental results were further used to train an ML model that accurately predicts the development of CSC markers. Machine learning, especially genetic algorithms, may be useful in predicting the development of cancer stem cells over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amra Ramović Hamzagić
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center for Harm Reduction of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Gazdić Janković
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center for Harm Reduction of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela Cvetković
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center for Harm Reduction of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dalibor Nikolić
- Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sandra Nikolić
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center for Harm Reduction of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Nikolina Kastratović
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center for Harm Reduction of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marko Živanović
- Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Miletić Kovačević
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Biljana Ljujić
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center for Harm Reduction of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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2
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Brisset M, Mehlen P, Meurette O, Hollande F. Notch receptor/ligand diversity: contribution to colorectal cancer stem cell heterogeneity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1231416. [PMID: 37860822 PMCID: PMC10582728 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1231416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell heterogeneity is a key contributor to therapeutic failure and post-treatment recurrence. Targeting cell subpopulations responsible for chemoresistance and recurrence seems to be an attractive approach to improve treatment outcome in cancer patients. However, this remains challenging due to the complexity and incomplete characterization of tumor cell subpopulations. The heterogeneity of cells exhibiting stemness-related features, such as self-renewal and chemoresistance, fuels this complexity. Notch signaling is a known regulator of cancer stem cell (CSC) features in colorectal cancer (CRC), though the effects of its heterogenous signaling on CRC cell stemness are only just emerging. In this review, we discuss how Notch ligand-receptor specificity contributes to regulating stemness, self-renewal, chemoresistance and cancer stem cells heterogeneity in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Brisset
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Meurette
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Hollande
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Wang Y, Popovic Z, Charkoftaki G, Garcia-Milian R, Lam TT, Thompson DC, Chen Y, Vasiliou V. Multi-omics profiling reveals cellular pathways and functions regulated by ALDH1B1 in colon cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 384:110714. [PMID: 37716420 PMCID: PMC10807983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death globally. Although early screenings and advances in treatments have reduced mortality since 1970, identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention is needed to address tumor heterogeneity and recurrence. Previous work identified aldehyde dehydrogenase 1B1 (ALDH1B1) as a critical factor in colon tumorigenesis. To investigate further, we utilized a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (SW480) in which the ALDH1B1 protein expression has been knocked down by 80% via shRNA. Through multi-omics (transcriptomics, proteomics, and untargeted metabolomics) analysis, we identified the impact of ALDH1B1 knocking down (KD) on molecular signatures in colon cancer cells. Suppression of ALDH1B1 expression resulted in 357 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 191 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 891 differentially altered metabolites (DAMs). Functional annotation and enrichment analyses revealed that: (1) DEGs were enriched in integrin-linked kinase (ILK) signaling and growth and development pathways; (2) DEPs were mainly involved in apoptosis signaling and cellular stress response pathways; and (3) DAMs were associated with biosynthesis, intercellular and second messenger signaling. Collectively, the present study provides new molecular information associated with the cellular functions of ALDH1B1, which helps to direct future investigation of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zeljka Popovic
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rolando Garcia-Milian
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Bioinformatics Support Program, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - TuKiet T Lam
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Keck MS & Proteomics Resource, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
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AlMuraikhi N, Binhamdan S, Alaskar H, Alotaibi A, Tareen S, Muthurangan M, Alfayez M. Inhibition of GSK-3β Enhances Osteoblast Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Wnt Signalling Overexpressing Runx2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087164. [PMID: 37108323 PMCID: PMC10139012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-molecule-inhibitor-based bone differentiation has been recently exploited as a novel approach to regulating osteogenesis-related signaling pathways. In this study, we identified 1-Azakenpaullone, a highly selective inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), as a powerful inducer of osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). GSK-3β is a serine-threonine protein kinase that plays a major role in different disease development. GSK-3β is a key regulator of Runx2 activity in osteoblastic formation. We evaluated alkaline phosphatase activity and staining assays to assess osteoblast differentiation and Alizarin Red staining to assess the mineralization of cultured human MSCs. Gene expression profiling was assessed using an Agilent microarray platform, and bioinformatics were performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. Human MSCs treated with 1-Azakenpaullone showed higher ALP activity, increased in vitro mineralized matrix formation, and the upregulation of osteoblast-specific marker gene expression. Global gene expression profiling of 1-Azakenpaullone-treated human MSCs identified 1750 upregulated and 2171 downregulated mRNA transcripts compared to control cells. It also suggested possible changes in various signaling pathways, including Wnt, TGFβ, and Hedgehog. Further bioinformatics analysis employing Ingenuity Pathway Analysis recognized significant enrichment in the 1-Azakenpaullone-treated cells of genetic networks involved in CAMP, PI3K (Complex), P38 MAPK, and HIF1A signaling and functional categories associated with connective tissue development. Our results suggest that 1-Azakenpaullone significantly induced the osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of human MSCs mediated by the activation of Wnt signaling and the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, leading to the upregulation of Runx2, a key transcription factor that ultimately promotes the expression of osteoblast-specific genes. Thus, 1-Azakenpaullone could be used as an osteo-promotor factor in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal AlMuraikhi
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Binhamdan
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanouf Alaskar
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alotaibi
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumaiya Tareen
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manikandan Muthurangan
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad Alfayez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
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Lapkina EZ, Esimbekova AR, Ruksha TG. [Vasculogenic mimicry]. Arkh Patol 2023; 85:62-69. [PMID: 38010640 DOI: 10.17116/patol20238506162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic drugs are used as an established approach of malignant neoplasms therapy. It has been established that the development of the phenomenon of vasculogenic mimicry - a specific variant of tumor neoangiogenesis, which is formed in highly aggressive solid tumors, is associated with a decrease in the effectiveness of antitumor therapy. This review highlights the mechanisms of development of vasculogenic mimicry in malignant neoplasms, which is one of the alternative options for tumor blood supply. In the formation of vasculogenic mimicry, an important role is assigned to the tumor microenvironment, primarily tumor-associated macrophages and fibroblasts. The signaling pathways that regulate the formation of vasculogenic mimicry channels in tumors have been characterized. The prospects for a targeted impact on molecular targets that initiate and promote vasculogenic mimicry, the impact on which can increase the effectiveness of antitumor therapy, are shown. The review discusses experimental studies of the mechanisms of vasculogenic mimicry formation in malignant neoplasms and the prospects for targeted action on molecules that are components of signaling cascades involved in the development of this model of neoangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Z Lapkina
- Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - A R Esimbekova
- Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - T G Ruksha
- Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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6
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Garcia-Milian R, Golla JP, Charkoftaki G, Lam TT, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. Proteomic profiling reveals an association between ALDH and oxidative phosphorylation and DNA damage repair pathways in human colon adenocarcinoma stem cells. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110175. [PMID: 36162455 PMCID: PMC9891852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Several members of the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) family, especially ALDH1 isoenzymes, have been identified as biomarkers of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subpopulation of oncogenic cells with self-renewal and multipotency capability. Consistent with this contention, cell populations with high ALDH enzymatic activity exhibit greater carcinogenic potential. It has been reported that ALDH1, especially ALDH1A1, serves as a valuable biomarker for colon CSCs. However, the functional roles of ALDHs in CSCs and solid tumors of the colon tissue is not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to identify molecular signature associated with high ALDH activity in human colorectal adenocarcinoma (COLO320DM) cells by proteomics profiling. Aldefluor™ assay was performed to sort COLO320DM cells exhibiting high (ALDHhigh) and low (ALDHlow) ALDH activity. Label-free quantitative proteomics analyses were conducted on these two cell populations. Proteomics profiling revealed a total of 229 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in ALDHhigh relative to ALDHlow cells, of which 182 were down-regulated and 47 were up-regulated. In agreement with previous studies, ALDH1A1 appeared to be the principal ALDH isozyme contributing to the Aldefluor™ assay activity in COLO320DM cells. Ingenuity pathway analysis of the proteomic datasets indicated that DEPs were associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, sirtuin signaling, oxidative phosphorylation and nucleotide excision repair. Our proteomics study predicts that high ALDH1A1 activity may be involved in these cellular pathways to promote a metabolic switch and cellular survival of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rolando Garcia-Milian
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Bioinformatics Support Program, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaya Prakash Golla
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - TuKiet T Lam
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale MS & Proteomics Resource, WM Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Wei Y, Li Y, Chen Y, Liu P, Huang S, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Wu Z, Hu M, Wu Q, Wu H, Liu F, She T, Ning Z. ALDH1: A potential therapeutic target for cancer stem cells in solid tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1026278. [PMID: 36387165 PMCID: PMC9650078 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1026278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors can be divided into benign solid tumors and solid malignant tumors in the academic community, among which malignant solid tumors are called cancers. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world, and the global incidence of cancer is increasing yearly New cancer patients in China are always the first. After the concept of stem cells was introduced in the tumor community, the CSC markers represented by ALDH1 have been widely studied due to their strong CSC cell characteristics and potential to be the driving force of tumor metastasis. In the research results in the past five years, it has been found that ALDH1 is highly expressed in various solid cancers such as breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, cervical cancer, esophageal cancer, ovarian cancer, head,and neck cancer. ALDH1 can activate and transform various pathways (such as the USP28/MYC signaling pathway, ALDH1A1/HIF-1α/VEGF axis, wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway), as well as change the intracellular pH value to promote formation and maintenance, resulting in drug resistance in tumors. By targeting and inhibiting ALDH1 in tumor stem cells, it can enhance the sensitivity of drugs and inhibit the proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis of solid tumor stem cells to some extent. This review discusses the relationship and pathway of ALDH1 with various solid tumors. It proposes that ALDH1 may serve as a diagnosis and therapeutic target for CSC, providing new insights and new strategies for reliable tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolu Wei
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yenan Chen
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yanling Sun
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Meichun Hu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Hongnian Wu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Fuxing Liu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- *Correspondence: Fuxing Liu, ; Tonghui She, ; Zhifeng Ning,
| | - Tonghui She
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- *Correspondence: Fuxing Liu, ; Tonghui She, ; Zhifeng Ning,
| | - Zhifeng Ning
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- *Correspondence: Fuxing Liu, ; Tonghui She, ; Zhifeng Ning,
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Comparison of Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells and Oxaliplatin-Resistant Cells Unveils Functional Similarities. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030511. [PMID: 35159320 PMCID: PMC8833894 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in women, the third in men, and an important cause of cancer-related mortality. Recurrence and the development of chemotherapy resistance are major hindrances for patients’ treatment. The presence of cancer stem cells with chemotherapy resistance able to generate proliferating tumor cells contributes to tumor recurrence and resistance. In addition, tumor cells can develop chemoresistance through adaptation mechanisms. In this article, cancer stem cells were isolated from HT29 and SW620 colorectal cancer cell lines. Oxaliplatin resistance was induced by a single drug treatment simulating the usual guidelines of patient treatment. A comparison of these two populations showed similarities since cancer stem cells presented increased oxaliplatin resistance, and resistant cells contained an increased number of cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells isolated from resistant cells showed increased oxaliplatin resistance. Cell invasion capacity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition were increased both in cancer stem cells and oxaliplatin-resistant cells. mRNA expression analysis showed that both cell types shared a significant proportion of commonly regulated genes. In summary, the data presented indicate that colorectal cancer stem cells and oxaliplatin-resistant cells are highly related cell populations that might have interesting implications in the development of tumor recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy.
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Narendra G, Raju B, Verma H, Silakari O. Identification of potential genes associated with ALDH1A1 overexpression and cyclophosphamide resistance in chronic myelogenous leukemia using network analysis. Med Oncol 2021; 38:123. [PMID: 34491453 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01569-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP), an important alkylating agent which is used in the treatment therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, acquired drug resistance owing to the inactivation of its active metabolite aldophosphamide via tumoral-overexpressing aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1A1) is one of the major issues with the CP therapy. However, the underlying mechanism of ALDH1A1 overexpression in cancer cells remains poorly defined. Therefore, the current study focused on analyzing the ALDH1A1-overexpressing microarray data for CP resistance and CP-sensitive CML cell lines. In this study, the microarray dataset was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus GEO. The GEO2R tool was used to identify Differentially Expressing Genes (DEGs). Further, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs were constructed using STRING database. Finally, Hub gene-miRNA-TFs interaction were constructed using miRNet tool. A total of 749 DEGs including 387 upregulated and 225 downregulated genes were identified from this pool of microarray data. The construction of DEGs network resulted in identification of three genes including ZEB2, EZH2, and MUC1 were found to be majorly responsible for ALDH1A1 overexpression. miRNA analysis identified that, hsa-mir-16-5p and hsa-mir-26a-5p as hub miRNA which are commonly interacting with maximum target genes. Additionally, drug-gene interaction analysis was performed to identify drugs which are responsible for ALDH1A1 expression. The entire study may provide a deeper understanding about ALDH1A1 regulatory genes responsible for its overexpression in CP resistance cancer. This understanding may be further explore for developing possible co-therapy to avoid the ALDH1A1-mediated CP resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gera Narendra
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Baddipadige Raju
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Himanshu Verma
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Om Silakari
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India.
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Gaggianesi M, Di Franco S, Pantina VD, Porcelli G, D'Accardo C, Verona F, Veschi V, Colarossi L, Faldetta N, Pistone G, Bongiorno MR, Todaro M, Stassi G. Messing Up the Cancer Stem Cell Chemoresistance Mechanisms Supported by Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:702642. [PMID: 34354950 PMCID: PMC8330815 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.702642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in cancer patient management and in the development of targeted therapies, systemic chemotherapy is currently used as a first-line treatment for many cancer types. After an initial partial response, patients become refractory to standard therapy fostering rapid tumor progression. Compelling evidence highlights that the resistance to chemotherapeutic regimens is a peculiarity of a subpopulation of cancer cells within tumor mass, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). This cellular compartment is endowed with tumor-initiating and metastasis formation capabilities. CSC chemoresistance is sustained by a plethora of grow factors and cytokines released by neighboring tumor microenvironment (TME), which is mainly composed by adipocytes, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune and endothelial cells. TME strengthens CSC refractoriness to standard and targeted therapies by enhancing survival signaling pathways, DNA repair machinery, expression of drug efflux transporters and anti-apoptotic proteins. In the last years many efforts have been made to understand CSC-TME crosstalk and develop therapeutic strategy halting this interplay. Here, we report the combinatorial approaches, which perturb the interaction network between CSCs and the different component of TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Gaggianesi
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone Di Franco
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Davide Pantina
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetana Porcelli
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina D'Accardo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Verona
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Veronica Veschi
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Naida Faldetta
- Department of Surgery, Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pistone
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Bongiorno
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Read E, Milford J, Zhu J, Wu L, Bilodeau M, Yang G. The interaction of disulfiram and H 2S metabolism in inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and liver cancer cell growth. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 426:115642. [PMID: 34242567 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Disulfiram (DSF), a sulfur-containing compound, has been used to treat chronic alcoholism and cancer for decades by inactivating aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a new gasotransmitter and regulates various cellular functions by S-sulfhydrating cysteine in the target proteins. H2S exhibits similar properties to DSF in the sensitization of cancer cells. The interaction of DSF and H2S on ALDH activity and liver cancer cell survival are not clear. Here it was demonstrated that DSF facilitated H2S release from thiol-containing compounds, and DSF and H2S were both capable of regulating ALDH through inhibition of gene expression and enzymatic activity. The supplement of H2S sensitized human liver cancer cells (HepG2) to DSF-inhibited cell viability. The expression of cystathionine gamma-lyase (a major H2S-generating enzyme) was lower but ALDH was higher in mouse liver cancer stem cells (Dt81Hepa1-6) in comparison with their parental cells (Hepa1-6), and H2S was able to inhibit liver cancer stem cell adhesion. In conclusion, these data point to the potential of combining DSF and H2S for inhibition of cancer cell growth and tumor development by targeting ALDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Read
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Jarod Milford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Jiechun Zhu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Marc Bilodeau
- Laboratoire d'Hépatologie Cellulaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guangdong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.
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12
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Treps L, Faure S, Clere N. Vasculogenic mimicry, a complex and devious process favoring tumorigenesis – Interest in making it a therapeutic target. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Chen TJ, Chou CL, Tian YF, Yeh CF, Chan TC, He HL, Li WS, Tsai HH, Li CF, Lai HY. High FRMD3 expression is prognostic for worse survival in rectal cancer patients treated with CCRT. Int J Clin Oncol 2021; 26:1689-1697. [PMID: 34043102 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-021-01944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rectal cancer patients can conceivably obtain relief from neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for downstaging before resection, but the stratification of risk and clinical outcomes remains challenging. Therefore, identifying effective predictive biomarkers offers clinicians the opportunity to individually tailor early interventions, which would help optimize therapy. METHODS Using a public rectal cancer transcriptome dataset (GSE35452), we focused on cytoskeletal protein binding (GO: 0008092)-related genes and identified FERM domain containing 3 (FRMD3) as the most significant differentially expressed gene associated with CCRT resistance. We gathered 172 tumor samples from rectal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant CCRT accompanied by curative resection and estimated the expression level of FRMD3 using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The results revealed that high FRMD3 immunoexpression was remarkably associated with advanced pre-CCRT and post-CCRT tumor status (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001), pre-CCRT and post-CCRT lymph node metastasis (both p < 0.001), more perineurial invasion (p = 0.023), and a smaller extent of tumor regression (p = 0.018). High FRMD3 immunoexpression was remarkably correlated with inferior disease-specific survival (DSS) (p = 0.0001), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) (p = 0.0003), and metastasis-free survival (MeFS) (p = 0.0023) at the univariate level. Furthermore, in multivariate analysis, high FRMD3 immunoexpression remained independently predictive of inferior DSS (p = 0.002), LRFS (p = 0.005), and MeFS (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION These results suggest that high FRMD3 expression is related to advanced clinicopathological features and inferior therapeutic responses in rectal cancer patients treated with CCRT, validating the promising prognostic value of FRMD3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ju Chen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, 901 Chunghwa Road, Yung Kang Dist., Tainan City, 710, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chou
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Tian
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fa Yeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ti-Chun Chan
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, 901 Chunghwa Road, Yung Kang Dist., Tainan City, 710, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin He
- Department of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Shan Li
- Department of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hwa Tsai
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, 901 Chunghwa Road, Yung Kang Dist., Tainan City, 710, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, 901 Chunghwa Road, Yung Kang Dist., Tainan City, 710, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, 901 Chunghwa Road, Yung Kang Dist., Tainan City, 710, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, 901 Chunghwa Road, Yung Kang Dist., Tainan City, 710, Taiwan. .,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Yue Lai
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, 901 Chunghwa Road, Yung Kang Dist., Tainan City, 710, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, 901 Chunghwa Road, Yung Kang Dist., Tainan City, 710, Taiwan.
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14
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Kopenhaver J, Crutcher M, Waldman SA, Snook AE. The shifting paradigm of colorectal cancer treatment: a look into emerging cancer stem cell-directed therapeutics to lead the charge toward complete remission. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:1335-1345. [PMID: 33977849 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1929167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Despite advances in early detection, ~25% of patients are late stage, and treated patients have <12% chance of survival after five years. Tumor relapse and metastasis are the main causes of patient death. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a rare population of cancer cells characterized by properties of self-renewal, chemo- and radio-resistance, tumorigenicity, and high plasticity. These qualities make CSCs particularly important for metastasic seeding, DNA-damage resistance, and tumor repopulating.Areas Covered: The following review article focuses on the role of CRC-SCs in tumor initiation, metastasis, drug resistance, and tumor relapse, as well as on potential therapeutic options for targeting CSCs.Expert Opinion: Current studies are underway to better isolate and discriminate CSCs from normal stem cells and to produce CSC-targeted therapeutics. The intestinal receptor, guanylate cyclase C (GUCY2C) could potentially provide a unique therapeutic target for both non-stem cells and CSCs alike in colorectal cancer through immunotherapies. Indeed, immunotherapies targeting CSCs have the potential to break the treatment-recurrence cycle in the management of advanced malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kopenhaver
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Madison Crutcher
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Adam E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
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15
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Huang J, Yang M, Liu Z, Li X, Wang J, Fu N, Cao T, Yang X. PPFIA4 Promotes Colon Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration by Enhancing Tumor Glycolysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:653200. [PMID: 34094943 PMCID: PMC8173052 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.653200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated glycolysis is one of the mechanisms employed by cancer cells to facilitate growth and metastasis. Here we aimed to characterize the PPFIA4 gene, as a glycolysis-related oncogene in promoting the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells. Using bioinformatical tools including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), we found that PPFIA4 expression and methylation levels were higher in colon cancer tissues of different stages than in normal tissues. Higher PPFIA4 level was also positively correlated with poorer survival of patients. PPFIA4 upregulation also correlated with poor prognosis and higher clinical stages of colon cancer patients. Colon cancer cell viability, migration and migration were enhanced after PPFIA4 overexpression. EMT markers and glycolysis were upregulated after PPFIA4 overexpression. PPFIA4 expression was found to be positively correlated with PFKFB3 and ENO2 levels, while knockdown of PFKFB3 and ENO2 reduced cell proliferation, migration, invasion and glycolysis. PPFIA4 upregulation is a potential biomarker in colon cancer which promotes proliferation, migration, invasion and glycolysis. The upregulation of PFKFB3/ENO2 signaling by PPFIA4 is a potential mechanism underlying the oncogenic effects of PPFIA4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Meiling Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhaoxia Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Nian Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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16
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Sung TC, Huang WL, Ban LK, Lee HHC, Wang JH, Su HY, Jen SH, Chang YH, Yang JM, Higuchi A, Ye Q. Enrichment of cancer-initiating cells from colon cancer cells through porous polymeric membranes by a membrane filtration method. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:10577-10585. [PMID: 33124643 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02312d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-initiating cells (CICs) or cancer stem cells (CSCs) are primarily responsible for tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis and represent a few percent of the total tumor cell population. We designed a membrane filtration protocol to enrich CICs (CSCs) from the LoVo colon cancer cell line via nylon mesh filter membranes with 11 and 20 μm pore sizes and poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid)/silk screen (PLGA/silk screen) porous membranes (pore sizes of 20-30 μm). The colon cancer cell solution was filtered through the membranes to obtain a permeate solution. Subsequently, the cell culture medium was filtered through the membranes to collect the recovery solution where the cells attached to the membranes were rinsed off into the recovery solution. Then, the membranes were cultivated in the cultivation medium to collect the migrated cells from the membranes. The cells migrated from any membrane had higher expression of the CSC surface markers CD44 and CD133, had higher colony formation levels, and produced more carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) than the colon cancer cells cultivated on conventional tissue culture plates (control). We established a method to enrich the CICs (CSCs) of colon cancer cells from migrated cells through porous polymeric membranes by the membrane filtration protocol developed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Cheng Sung
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan. and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Wei-Lun Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Lee-Kiat Ban
- Department of Surgery, Hsinchu Cathay General Hospital, No. 678, Sec 2, Zhonghua Rd., Hsinchu, 30060, Taiwan
| | - Henry Hsin-Chung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hsinchu Cathay General Hospital, No. 678, Sec 2, Zhonghua Rd., Hsinchu, 30060, Taiwan and Graduate Institute of Translational and Interdisciplinary Medicine, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hua Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Her-Young Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bobson Yuho Women and Children's Clinic, No. 182, Zhuangjing S. Rd., Zhubei City, Hsinchu 302, Taiwan
| | - Shih Hsi Jen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taiwan Landseed Hospital, 77, Kuangtai Road, Pingjen City, Taoyuan 32405, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsiang Chang
- Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ming Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Akon Higuchi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan. and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China and Department of Chemical Engineering and R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan and Center for Emergent Matter Science, Riken, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan and Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 16, Xinsan Road, Hi-tech Industry Park, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingsong Ye
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China and Skeletal Biology Research Center, OMFS, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA02114, USA and School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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17
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Guo X, Liu L, Zhang Q, Yang W, Zhang Y. E2F7 Transcriptionally Inhibits MicroRNA-199b Expression to Promote USP47, Thereby Enhancing Colon Cancer Tumor Stem Cell Activity and Promoting the Occurrence of Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:565449. [PMID: 33489876 PMCID: PMC7819137 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.565449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) can modulate the expression level of genes in a post-transcription manner, which are closely related to growth and metastasis of colon cancer. Herein, we aimed to explore how miR-199b influences colon cancer and to characterize its underlying molecular mechanism associating with E2F transcription factor 7 (E2F7). Assays of RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were utilized to detect the expression of E2F7 in the tissue samples collected from 30 patients diagnosed with colon cancer. Flow analysis was utilized to detect the ratio of ALDH1+ and CD133+ colon cancer stem cells. The interaction between E2F7, miR-199b, USP47, and MAPK was identified by ChIP-Seq analysis, luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation, as well as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down experiments. Based on the gain- and loss-of-function approaches, the cellular functions of colon cancer cells by the E2F7-regulated miR-199b/USP47/MAPK axis were assessed. It was identified that E2F7 are expressed highly in the collected colon cancer tissues. E2F7 silencing reduced the production of ALDH1+ and CD133+ colon cancer stem cells and antagonized the effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment. Besides, the silencing of E2F7 was observed to suppress the oxidative stress, proliferation, migration, as well as invasion of ALDH1+ cells in vitro and tumorigenesis of colon cancer cells in vivo. Our findings reveal the pro-oncogenic effect of E2F7 on colon cancer development, highlighting E2F7 as a novel target for therapeutic strategy for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Guo
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Hepatobiliary and Enteric Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Hepatobiliary & Enteric Surgery Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Hepatobiliary & Enteric Surgery Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiming Yang
- Hepatobiliary & Enteric Surgery Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Hepatobiliary and Enteric Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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18
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Rezaee M, Gheytanchi E, Madjd Z, Mehrazma M. Clinicopathological Significance of Tumor Stem Cell Markers ALDH1 and CD133 in Colorectal Carcinoma. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 16:40-50. [PMID: 33391379 PMCID: PMC7691712 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2020.127441.2389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide with a high mortality rate. The main causes of death in patients are recurrence and metastasis which are mainly attributed to the small subpopulation of cells within tumors called cancer stem cells (CSCs). This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the expression of ALDH1 and CD133 as CSC associated markers and clinicopathological characteristics in CRC. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 483 CRC tumor samples were immunohistochemically stained for detection of CD133 and ALDH1 markers. Correlations of marker expression with clinicopathological factors were also evaluated. Results: There was a significant correlation between the luminal intensity of CD133 and neural invasion (P=0.05) and between the cytoplasmic intensity of CD133 and metastasis (P=0.05). In terms of H-score, a positive significant relation was observed between cytoplasmic expression of CD133 and lymph node (P=0.02), neural (P=0.04) and vascular invasion (P=0.02). The ALDH1 cytoplasmic expression showed a significant correlation with tumor size (P=0.001). Conclusion: Our findings showed that increased expression of CD133 and ALDH1 is associated with tumor progression and worse outcomes in CRC patients. These markers can be good candidates for localized targeting of CSCs using antibodies. Future researches need to be improved approaches for early detection of CRC, and treatment monitoring for CRC and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rezaee
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Gheytanchi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Mehrazma
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pathology, Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Almasoud N, Binhamdan S, Younis G, Alaskar H, Alotaibi A, Manikandan M, Alfayez M, Kassem M, AlMuraikhi N. Tankyrase inhibitor XAV-939 enhances osteoblastogenesis and mineralization of human skeletal (mesenchymal) stem cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16746. [PMID: 33028869 PMCID: PMC7541626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tankyrase is part of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase superfamily required for numerous cellular and molecular processes. Tankyrase inhibition negatively regulates Wnt pathway. Thus, Tankyrase inhibitors have been extensively investigated for the treatment of clinical conditions associated with activated Wnt signaling such as cancer and fibrotic diseases. Moreover, Tankyrase inhibition has been recently reported to upregulate osteogenesis through the accumulation of SH3 domain-binding protein 2, an adaptor protein required for bone metabolism. In this study, we investigated the effect of Tankyrase inhibition in osteoblast differentiation of human skeletal (mesenchymal) stem cells (hMSCs). A Tankyrase inhibitor, XAV-939, identified during a functional library screening of small molecules. Alkaline phosphatase activity and Alizarin red staining were employed as markers for osteoblastic differentiation and in vitro mineralized matrix formation, respectively. Global gene expression profiling was performed using the Agilent microarray platform. XAV-939, a Tankyrase inhibitor, enhanced osteoblast differentiation of hBMSCs as evidenced by increased ALP activity, in vitro mineralized matrix formation, and upregulation of osteoblast-related gene expression. Global gene expression profiling of XAV-939-treated cells identified 847 upregulated and 614 downregulated mRNA transcripts, compared to vehicle-treated control cells. It also points towards possible changes in multiple signaling pathways, including TGFβ, insulin signaling, focal adhesion, estrogen metabolism, oxidative stress, RANK-RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand) signaling, Vitamin D synthesis, IL6, and cytokines and inflammatory responses. Further bioinformatic analysis, employing Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified significant enrichment in XAV-939-treated cells of functional categories and networks involved in TNF, NFκB, and STAT signaling. We identified a Tankyrase inhibitor (XAV-939) as a powerful enhancer of osteoblastic differentiation of hBMSC that may be useful as a therapeutic option for treating conditions associated with low bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuha Almasoud
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Binhamdan
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaydaa Younis
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanouf Alaskar
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Science Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alotaibi
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muthurangan Manikandan
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad Alfayez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Molecular Endocrinology Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Odense and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nihal AlMuraikhi
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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20
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Vishnubalaji R, Elango R, Manikandan M, Siyal AA, Ali D, Al-Rikabi A, Hamam D, Hamam R, Benabdelkamel H, Masood A, Alanazi IO, Alfadda AA, Alfayez M, Aldahmash A, Kassem M, Alajez NM. MicroRNA-3148 acts as molecular switch promoting malignant transformation and adipocytic differentiation of immortalized human bone marrow stromal cells via direct targeting of the SMAD2/TGFβ pathway. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:79. [PMID: 32922961 PMCID: PMC7462980 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00312-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs/miRNAs) play a key role in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression and are implicated in a number of physiological and pathological conditions, including cellular malignant transformation. In the current study, we investigated the role of miR-3148 in regulating human stromal (mesenchymal) stem cell (hMSC) differentiation and transformation. Stable expression of miR-3148 in telomerized hMSC (hMSC-miR-3148) led to significant increase in in vitro adipocytic differentiation and suppression of osteoblastic differentiation. Concordantly, global gene expression profiling revealed significant enrichment in cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, and pathways related to enhanced cell movement and survival, whereas processes related to bone and connective tissue developments, cell death, apoptosis, and necrosis were downregulated. Global proteomic analysis using 2D-DIGE followed by mass spectrometry (MS) revealed significant changes in protein expression in hMSC-miR-3148 and enrichment in protein networks associated with carcinogenesis. Functional studies revealed that hMSC-miR-3148 exhibited enhanced in vitro cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, sphere formation, doxorubicin resistance, and increased active number of cells in S and G2/M cell cycle phases and formed sarcoma-like tumors with adipocyte infiltration when implanted into immunocompromised mice. SMAD2 was identified as bone fide gene target for miR-3148 using qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and UTR-based reporter assay. In agreement with our data, SMAD2 expression was downregulated in 47% of patients with soft tissue sarcoma. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that elevated miR-3148 expression correlates with poor prognosis in several human cancer types, including sarcoma. Our study identified miR-3148 as factor regulating hMSC differentiation and is involved in promoting malignant transformation of telomerized hMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Vishnubalaji
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Ramesh Elango
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Muthurangan Manikandan
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Aziz Siyal
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Ali
- Molecular Endocrinology Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Odense and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ammar Al-Rikabi
- Department of Pathology, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dana Hamam
- McGill University Health Centre and RI-MUHC, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Rimi Hamam
- Departement of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461 Saudi Arabia
| | - Afshan Masood
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim O. Alanazi
- The National Center for Biotechnology (NCBT), Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assim A. Alfadda
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461 Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad Alfayez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Aldahmash
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Endocrinology Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Odense and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nehad M. Alajez
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
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Broccoli extract increases drug-mediated cytotoxicity towards cancer stem cells of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1395-1403. [PMID: 32773768 PMCID: PMC7591858 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-1025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are malignant neoplasms with poor prognosis. Treatment-resistant cancer stem cell (CSC) is one reason for treatment failure. Considerable attention has been focused on sulforaphane (SF), a phytochemical from broccoli possessing anticancer properties. We investigated whether SF could enhance the chemotherapeutic effects of cisplatin (CIS) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) against HNSCC–CSCs, and its mechanisms of action. Methods CD44+/CD271+ FACS-isolated CSCs from SCC12 and SCC38 human cell lines were treated with SF alone or combined with CIS or 5-FU. Cell viability, colony- and sphere-forming ability, apoptosis, CSC-related gene and protein expression and in vivo tumour growth were assessed. Safety of SF was tested on non-cancerous stem cells and in vivo. Results SF reduced HNSCC–CSC viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Combining SF increased the cytotoxicity of CIS twofold and 5-FU tenfold, with no effects on non-cancerous stem cell viability and functions. SF-combined treatments inhibited CSC colony and sphere formation, and tumour progression in vivo. Potential mechanisms of action included the stimulation of caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway, inhibition of SHH pathway and decreased expression of SOX2 and OCT4. Conclusions Combining SF allowed lower doses of CIS or 5-FU while enhancing these drug cytotoxicities against HNSCC–CSCs, with minimal effects on healthy cells.
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Walcher L, Kistenmacher AK, Suo H, Kitte R, Dluczek S, Strauß A, Blaudszun AR, Yevsa T, Fricke S, Kossatz-Boehlert U. Cancer Stem Cells-Origins and Biomarkers: Perspectives for Targeted Personalized Therapies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1280. [PMID: 32849491 PMCID: PMC7426526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biomarkers in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis has gained increasing interest over the last decades. In particular, the analysis of biomarkers in cancer patients within the pre- and post-therapeutic period is required to identify several types of cells, which carry a risk for a disease progression and subsequent post-therapeutic relapse. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that can drive tumor initiation and can cause relapses. At the time point of tumor initiation, CSCs originate from either differentiated cells or adult tissue resident stem cells. Due to their importance, several biomarkers that characterize CSCs have been identified and correlated to diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. However, CSCs have been shown to display a high plasticity, which changes their phenotypic and functional appearance. Such changes are induced by chemo- and radiotherapeutics as well as senescent tumor cells, which cause alterations in the tumor microenvironment. Induction of senescence causes tumor shrinkage by modulating an anti-tumorigenic environment in which tumor cells undergo growth arrest and immune cells are attracted. Besides these positive effects after therapy, senescence can also have negative effects displayed post-therapeutically. These unfavorable effects can directly promote cancer stemness by increasing CSC plasticity phenotypes, by activating stemness pathways in non-CSCs, as well as by promoting senescence escape and subsequent activation of stemness pathways. At the end, all these effects can lead to tumor relapse and metastasis. This review provides an overview of the most frequently used CSC markers and their implementation as biomarkers by focussing on deadliest solid (lung, stomach, liver, breast and colorectal cancers) and hematological (acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia) cancers. Furthermore, it gives examples on how the CSC markers might be influenced by therapeutics, such as chemo- and radiotherapy, and the tumor microenvironment. It points out, that it is crucial to identify and monitor residual CSCs, senescent tumor cells, and the pro-tumorigenic senescence-associated secretory phenotype in a therapy follow-up using specific biomarkers. As a future perspective, a targeted immune-mediated strategy using chimeric antigen receptor based approaches for the removal of remaining chemotherapy-resistant cells as well as CSCs in a personalized therapeutic approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Walcher
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Kistenmacher
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Huizhen Suo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reni Kitte
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Dluczek
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Strauß
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - André-René Blaudszun
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tetyana Yevsa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Fricke
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Kossatz-Boehlert
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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Sarabia-Sánchez MÁ, Alvarado-Ortiz E, Toledo-Guzman ME, García-Carrancá A, Ortiz-Sánchez E. ALDH HIGH Population Is Regulated by the AKT/β-Catenin Pathway in a Cervical Cancer Model. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1039. [PMID: 32766133 PMCID: PMC7379485 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ALDH is an enzyme involved in different cellular processes, including cancer. It has been shown that a cellular subpopulation with high ALDH activity (ALDHHIGH) within a tumor is related to functional capabilities such as stemness, chemoresistance, and tumorigenicity. However, few studies have focused on determining the mechanisms behind ALDH activity within the cells. Previously, our group reported that ALDHHIGH cells have higher tumorigenicity in Cervical Cancer (CC) cell lines. Based on this, we were interested to know the molecular mediators of the ALDHHIGH cells, specifically β-catenin, inasmuch as β-catenin is regulated through different pathways, such as Wnt signaling, and that it acts as a transcriptional co-activator involved in cancer progression. In this work, we show that the increase in ALDHHIGH cell percentage is reverted by β-catenin knockdown. Consistently, upon GSK3-β inactivation, a negative regulator of β-catenin, we observed an increase in ALDHHIGH cells. Additionally, we observed a low percentage of cells positive for Fzd receptor, suggesting that in our model there is a low capacity to respond to Wnt ligands. The analysis of ALDHHIGH cells in a sphere formation model demonstrated the active state of AKT. In accordance with this, impairment of AKT activity not only reduced β-catenin active state, but also the percentage of ALDHHIGH cells. This corroborates that AKT acts upstream of β-catenin, thus affecting the percentage of ALDHHIGH cells. In conclusion, our results show that ALDHHIGH cells are dependent on β-catenin, in spite of the Wnt pathway seems to be dispensable, while AKT emerges as central player supporting a mechanism in this important axis that is not yet well known but its analysis improves our understanding of ALDH activity on CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Sarabia-Sánchez
- Programa de posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Alvarado-Ortiz
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- Programa de posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez ;
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Hedgehog Signaling Inhibition by Smoothened Antagonist BMS-833923 Reduces Osteoblast Differentiation and Ectopic Bone Formation of Human Skeletal (Mesenchymal) Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:3435901. [PMID: 31871467 PMCID: PMC6907053 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3435901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is essential for osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal progenitors during endochondral bone formation. However, the critical role of Hh signaling during adult bone remodeling remains to be elucidated. Methods A Smoothened (SMO) antagonist/Hedgehog inhibitor, BMS-833923, identified during a functional screening of a stem cell signaling small molecule library, was investigated for its effects on the osteoblast differentiation of human skeletal (mesenchymal) stem cells (hMSC). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Alizarin red staining were employed as markers for osteoblast differentiation and in vitro mineralization capacity, respectively. Global gene expression profiling was performed using the Agilent® microarray platform. Effects on in vivo ectopic bone formation were assessed by implanting hMSC mixed with hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate granules subcutaneously in 8-week-old female nude mice, and the amount of bone formed was assessed using quantitative histology. Results BMS-833923, a SMO antagonist/Hedgehog inhibitor, exhibited significant inhibitory effects on osteoblast differentiation of hMSCs reflected by decreased ALP activity, in vitro mineralization, and downregulation of osteoblast-related gene expression. Similarly, we observed decreased in vivo ectopic bone formation. Global gene expression profiling of BMS-833923-treated compared to vehicle-treated control cells, identified 348 upregulated and 540 downregulated genes with significant effects on multiple signaling pathways, including GPCR, endochondral ossification, RANK-RANKL, insulin, TNF alpha, IL6, and inflammatory response. Further bioinformatic analysis employing Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed significant enrichment in BMS-833923-treated cells for a number of functional categories and networks involved in connective and skeletal tissue development and disorders, e.g., NFκB and STAT signaling. Conclusions We identified SMO/Hedgehog antagonist (BMS-833923) as a powerful inhibitor of osteoblastic differentiation of hMSC that may be useful as a therapeutic option for treating conditions associated with high heterotopic bone formation and mineralization.
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Aboubakar Nana F, Vanderputten M, Ocak S. Role of Focal Adhesion Kinase in Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1683. [PMID: 31671774 PMCID: PMC6895835 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents 15% of all lung cancers and it is clinically the most aggressive type, being characterized by a tendency for early metastasis, with two-thirds of the patients diagnosed with an extensive stage (ES) disease and a five-year overall survival (OS) as low as 5%. There are still no effective targeted therapies in SCLC despite improved understanding of the molecular steps leading to SCLC development and progression these last years. After four decades, the only modest improvement in OS of patients suffering from ES-SCLC has recently been shown in a trial combining atezolizumab, an anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, with carboplatin and etoposide, chemotherapy agents. This highlights the need to pursue research efforts in this field. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed and activated in several cancers, including SCLC, and contributing to cancer progression and metastasis through its important role in cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, spreading, migration, and invasion. FAK also plays a role in tumor immune evasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, DNA damage repair, radioresistance, and regulation of cancer stem cells. FAK is of particular interest in SCLC, being known for its aggressiveness. The inhibition of FAK in SCLC cell lines demonstrated significative decrease in cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In this review, we will focus on the role of FAK in cancer cells and their microenvironment, and its potential as a therapeutic target in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Aboubakar Nana
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie (PNEU), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
- Division of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, UCL, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Marie Vanderputten
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie (PNEU), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sebahat Ocak
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie (PNEU), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
- Division of Pneumology, CHU UCL Namur (Godinne Site), UCL, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium.
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Elango R, Vishnubalaji R, Manikandan M, Binhamdan SI, Siyal AA, Alshawakir YA, Alfayez M, Aldahmash A, Alajez NM. Concurrent targeting of BMI1 and CDK4/6 abrogates tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13696. [PMID: 31548560 PMCID: PMC6757061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in cancer management and therapy, resistance to cytotoxic medications remains a major clinical challenge; hence, combination-based anti-cancer treatment regimens are currently gaining momentum. PTC-209 reduced BMI1 protein expression, while palbociclib inhibited CDK4, Rb, and pRbSer795 protein expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. PTC-209 and palbociclib exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic effects against MDA-MB-231 (breast), HCT116 (colon), and PC-3 (prostate) models, which was more profound in the combination group. Transcriptome and pathway analyses revealed inhibition of insulin signaling, focal adhesion, DNA damage response, and Wnt/pluripotency signaling pathways as well as cell proliferation, and cellular movement functional categories by PTC-209. Transcriptome and pathway analyses revealed palbociclib to mainly affect cell cycle progression and survival. Upstream analysis identified several networks affected by PTC-209 (EZH2, IFNB1, TRIB3, EGFR, SREBF1, IL1A, ERG, TGFB1, MAX, MNT) and palbociclib (RABL6, MITF, RARA, TAL1, AREG, E2F3, FOXM1, ESR1, ERBB2, and E2F). PTC-209 and palbociclib reduced colony and sphere formation, cell migration, and cell viability, which was further enhanced in the combination group. Concordantly, combination of PTC-209 and palbociclib exhibited more profound effects on MDA-MB-231 tumor formation in vivo. Our data suggest concurrent targeting of BMI1 and CDK4/CDK6 might provide novel therapeutic opportunity for breast, colon, and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Elango
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Radhakrishnan Vishnubalaji
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muthurangan Manikandan
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Ibrahim Binhamdan
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Aziz Siyal
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser A Alshawakir
- Experimental Surgery and Animal Lab, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad Alfayez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Aldahmash
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Prince Naif Health Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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Notch Signaling Inhibition by LY411575 Attenuates Osteoblast Differentiation and Decreased Ectopic Bone Formation Capacity of Human Skeletal (Mesenchymal) Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:3041262. [PMID: 31534459 PMCID: PMC6724428 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3041262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemical biology approaches using small molecule inhibitors targeting specific signaling pathways are useful tools to dissect the molecular mechanisms governing stem cell differentiation and for their possible use in therapeutic interventions. Methods Stem cell signaling small molecule library functional screen was performed employing human bone marrow skeletal (mesenchymal) stem cells (hBMSCs). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and formation of mineralized matrix visualized by Alizarin red staining were employed as markers for osteoblastic differentiation. Global gene expression profiling was conducted using the Agilent microarray platform, and data normalization and bioinformatics were performed using GeneSpring software. Pathway analyses were conducted using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) tool. In vivo ectopic bone formation was performed using hBMSC mixed with hydroxyapatite–tricalcium phosphate granules that were implanted subcutaneously in 8-week-old female nude mice. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Sirius red staining were performed to identify bone formation in vivo. Results Among the tested molecules, LY411575, a potent γ-secretase and Notch signaling inhibitor, exhibited significant inhibitory effects on osteoblastic differentiation of hBMSCs manifested by reduced ALP activity, mineralized matrix formation, and decreased osteoblast-specific gene expression as well as in vivo ectopic bone formation. Global gene expression profiling of LY411575-treated cells revealed changes in multiple signaling pathways, including focal adhesion, insulin, TGFβ, IL6, and Notch signaling, and decreased the expression of genes associated with functional categories of tissue development. Among the affected signaling networks were TGFβ1, SPP1, and ERK regulatory networks. Conclusions We identified γ-secretase inhibitor (LY411575) as a potent regulator of osteoblastic differentiation of hBMSC that may be useful as a therapeutic option for treating conditions associated with ectopic bone formation.
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A novel reporter construct for screening small molecule inhibitors that specifically target self-renewing cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2019; 383:111551. [PMID: 31401066 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of cancer cells, which possess self-renewal ability, and lead to tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Live detection and isolation of CSCs are important to understand the biology of CSCs as well as to screen drugs that target them. Even though CSCs are detected using surface markers, there is a lot of inconsistencies for that in a given cancer type. At the same time, self-renewal markers like ALDH1A1, OCT4A and SOX2, which are intracellular molecules, are reliable markers for CSCs in different cancers. In the present study, we generated a reporter construct for self-renewing CSCs, based on ALDH1A1 expression. Oral cancer cells harboring ALDH1A1-DsRed2 were used to screen inhibitors that target CSCs. Our results showed that Comb1, a cocktail of inhibitors for EGF and TGF-β pathways and their intermediates, effectively reduced the DsRed2 population to 34%. Our immunohistochemical analysis on primary oral cancer corroborated the importance of EGF and TGF-β pathways in sustaining CSCs. Since these two pathways are also critical for the self-renewal and differentiation of normal stem cells, Comb1 might abolish them as well. On analysis of the effect of Comb1 on normal murine bone marrow cells, there was no significant change in the stem cell self-renewal and differentiation potential in the treated group compared to untreated cells. To conclude, we claim that ALDH1A1-DsRed2 is a useful tool to detect CSCs, and Comb1 is effective in targeting CSCs without affecting normal stem cells.
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Vishnubalaji R, Shaath H, Elkord E, Alajez NM. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcriptional landscape in breast cancer identifies LINC01614 as non-favorable prognostic biomarker regulated by TGFβ and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:109. [PMID: 31263577 PMCID: PMC6591245 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a class of epigenetic regulators implicated in a number of physiological and pathological conditions. Herein, we characterized the lncRNA expression portrait from 837 patients with invasive breast cancer and 105 normals from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), which revealed eighteen upregulated and forty-six downregulated lncRNAs. Clustering analysis revealed distinct lncRNA profile for the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and normal breast tissue, while less separation was observed among the HER2+HR+, HER2+HR−, HER2−HR+ molecular subtypes. LINC01614, and LINC01235 correlated with worse disease-free survival (DFS), while the expression of lnc-LRR1–1, lnc-ODF3B-2, AC015712.5, lnc-LAMB3–1, lnc-SPP2–3, and lnc-MAP9–2 correlated with better DFS. The expression of LINC01235 correlated with worse overall survival (OS), while the expression of MIR205HG, lnc-MAP2K6–5, FGF14-AS2, lnc-SPP2–3 correlated with better OS. Highest expression of LINC01614 was observed in progesterone receptor (PR)+, Estrogen receptor (PR)+, and HER2+ tumors, while lowest expression was in TNBC. Concordantly, LINC01614 was highly expressed in the luminalB/HER2+ subtype from the SRP062132 dataset. Elevated expression of LINC01614 was subsequently validated in primary breast cancer tissue and breast cancer cell lines. Bioinformatics and pathway analyses on LINC01614high vs. LINC01614low BC tissue revealed TGFβ1 and ECM as the most activated networks in LINC01614high tumors. Concordantly, strong correlation between the expression of LINC01614 and COL10A1 (R2 = 0.6929), SPOCK1 (R2 = 0.5156), ZEB1 (R2 = 0.3372), TGFBI (R2 = 0.2978), TGFB1 (R2 = 0.1985), ACTA2 (R2 = 0.1833), and TAGLN (R2 = 0.1909) was observed. Mechanistically, exogenous TGFB1 induced LINC01614 expression in the BT474 triple positive BC model, while small-molecule inhibition of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ, SB-431542) or focal adhesion kinase (FAK, PF-573228) abrogated LINC01614 expression. Our data revealed the lncRNA transcription landscape in breast cancer and its molecular subtypes. Our data provide novel insight implicating LINC01614 as unfavorable prognostic marker in BC, its association with the HR+/HER2+ BC molecular subtype and its regulation by TGFβ and FAK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Vishnubalaji
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110 Doha, Qatar
| | - Hibah Shaath
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110 Doha, Qatar
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110 Doha, Qatar
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110 Doha, Qatar
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Neoplastic Transformation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Mediated via LIN28B. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8101. [PMID: 31147574 PMCID: PMC6542832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44536-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal (Mesenchymal) stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent bone cells capable of differentiating into mesoderm-type cells, such as osteoblasts and adipocytes. Existing evidence suggests that transformation of MSCs gives rise to sarcoma. In order to identify the molecular mechanism leading to spontaneous transformation of human bone marrow MSCs (hBMSCs), we performed comprehensive microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA profiling in the transformed hBMSC-Tum line compared to the parental clone. As a result, we identified multiple dysregulated molecular networks associated with the hBMSC transformed phenotype. LIN28B was upregulated 177.0-fold in hBMSC-Tum, which was associated with marked reduction in LET-7 expression and upregulated expression of its target HMGA2. Targeted depletion of LIN28B or exogenous expression of LET-7b suppressed hBMSC-Tum proliferation, colony formation, and migration. On the other hand, forced expression of LIN28B promoted malignant transformation of parental hBMSC cells as shown by enhanced in vitro colony formation, doxorubicin resistance, and in vivo tumor formation in immunocompromised mice. Analysis of LIN28B and HMGA2 expression levels in cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas sarcoma dataset revealed a strong inverse-relationship between elevated expression and overall survival (OS) in 260 patients (p = 0.005) and disease-free survival (DFS) in 231 patients (p = 0.02), suggesting LIN28B and HMGA2 are important regulators of sarcoma biology. Our results highlight an important role for the LIN28B/LET-7 axis in human sarcoma pathogenesis and suggest that the therapeutic targeting of LIN28B may be relevant for patients with sarcoma.
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Cheng Y, Wen G, Sun Y, Shen Y, Zeng Y, Du M, Zhu G, Wang G, Meng X. Osteopontin Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell Invasion and the Stem Cell-Like Properties through the PI3K-AKT-GSK/3β-β/Catenin Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3014-3025. [PMID: 31017126 PMCID: PMC6496974 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopontin (OPN) is a molecule expressed in numerous cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC) that correlates disease progression. The interaction of OPN that promotes CRC cell migration, invasion, and cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) have not been elucidated. Hence, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms that might be involved. MATERIAL AND METHODS Expression of OPN in tumor tissues derived from patients was monitored with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Wound healing and Transwell assay were used to test the differences in migration and invasion in an OPN enriched environment and OPN knockdown condition. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) positive stem cells were isolated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) following the protocol of the ALDEFLUOR™ kit. The expression of protein participation in the PI3K-Akt-GSK/3ß-ß/catenin pathway was detected by western blot. RESULTS OPN exhibited increased levels in CRC tumor tissue compared with non-tumor normal tissue and the high level of which correlated with lymphatic metastasis and late TNM stage. Additional rhOPN co-cultured low-expression CRC cells demonstrated more aggressive capability of proliferation, migration, and invasion. For knockdown of OPN in high-expression CRC cells, the bioactivities of proliferation, migration, and invasion were significantly inhibited. Interestingly, the percentage of ALDH1 labeled stem cells was dramatically decreased by OPN inhibition. The phosphorylation of PI3K-Akt-GSK/3ß-ß/catenin pathway was involved in the OPN signaling. Furthermore, Ly294002, a specific PI3K inhibitor, can reverse the promotion of bioactivities and stem cell proportion among rhOPN treated CRC cells. CONCLUSIONS OPN promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and was accompanied by upregulation of ALDH1-positive CSC in CRC through activation of PI3K-Akt-GSK/3ß-ß/catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanguang Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Afliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yongqing Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Ming Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Guanglong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Xiangling Meng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Afliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
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Whole genome mRNA expression profiling revealed multiple deregulated pathways in stromal vascular fraction from erectile dysfunction patients. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181015. [PMID: 30333254 PMCID: PMC6250806 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stem-cell-based therapies have recently been explored in the field of erectile dysfunction (ED). However, the cellular and molecular phenotype of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from ED patients remains largely unknown. Herein we compared the global gene expression profile in the SVF from ED patients and healthy individuals and identified altered signaling pathways between the two groups. Methods: Samples (2–5 g) of abdominal adipose tissue from ED patients (n = 6) and healthy individual controls (n = 3) undergoing elective cosmetic liposuction were collected. Immediately after removal, SVF was separated using Collagenase type I and type IV protocol. RNA was isolated and microarray experiments were conducted using the Agilent platform. Data were normalized and pathway analyses were performed using GeneSpring software. Results: Our data revealed multiple differentially expressed genes between the ED and control group. Hierarchical clustering based on differentially expressed mRNAs revealed clear separation of the two groups. The distribution of the top enriched pathways for the up-regulated genes indicated enrichment in inflammatory response and T-cell receptor signaling, while pathway analysis performed on the down-regulated genes revealed enrichment in mitogen-activated protein kinase, TGF-β, senescence, FAK, adipogenesis, androgen receptor, and EGF–EGFR signaling pathways in SVF from ED patient. Conclusion: Our data revealed the existence of multiple altered signaling pathways in the SVF from ED patients, which could potentially play a role in the etiology of this disease. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways might provide novel therapeutic opportunity for ED patients.
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AlMuraikhi N, Ali D, Alshanwani A, Vishnubalaji R, Manikandan M, Atteya M, Siyal A, Alfayez M, Aldahmash A, Kassem M, Alajez NM. Stem cell library screen identified ruxolitinib as regulator of osteoblastic differentiation of human skeletal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:319. [PMID: 30463599 PMCID: PMC6249887 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Better understanding of the signaling pathways that regulate human bone marrow stromal stem cell (hBMSC) differentiation into bone-forming osteoblasts is crucial for their clinical use in regenerative medicine. Chemical biology approaches using small molecules targeting specific signaling pathways are increasingly employed to manipulate stem cell differentiation fate. Methods We employed alkaline phosphatase activity and staining assays to assess osteoblast differentiation and Alizarin R staining to assess mineralized matrix formation of cultured hBMSCs. Changes in gene expression were assessed using an Agilent microarray platform, and data normalization and bioinformatics were performed using GeneSpring software. For in vivo ectopic bone formation experiments, hMSCs were mixed with hydroxyapatite–tricalcium phosphate granules and implanted subcutaneously into the dorsal surface of 8-week-old female nude mice. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Sirius Red staining were used to detect bone formation in vivo. Results We identified several compounds which inhibited osteoblastic differentiation of hMSCs. In particular, we identified ruxolitinib (INCB018424) (3 μM), an inhibitor of JAK-STAT signaling that inhibited osteoblastic differentiation and matrix mineralization of hMSCs in vitro and reduced ectopic bone formation in vivo. Global gene expression profiling of ruxolitinib-treated cells identified 847 upregulated and 822 downregulated mRNA transcripts, compared to vehicle-treated control cells. Bioinformatic analysis revealed differential regulation of multiple genetic pathways, including TGFβ and insulin signaling, endochondral ossification, and focal adhesion. Conclusions We identified ruxolitinib as an important regulator of osteoblast differentiation of hMSCs. It is plausible that inhibition of osteoblast differentiation by ruxolitinib may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pathological conditions caused by accelerated osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-1068-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal AlMuraikhi
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Ali
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Molecular Endocrinology Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Odense and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Aliah Alshanwani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Radhakrishnan Vishnubalaji
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muthurangan Manikandan
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Atteya
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz Siyal
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad Alfayez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Aldahmash
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Prince Naif Health Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Molecular Endocrinology Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Odense and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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ALDH1A1 expression is associated with poor differentiation, 'right-sidedness' and poor survival in human colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205536. [PMID: 30308036 PMCID: PMC6181398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) encodes an enzyme that oxidizes aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. In colorectal cancer ALDH1A1 marks cancer stem cells and plays putative roles in tumor progression and drug resistance. However, the potential value of ALDH1A1 as a diagnostic marker or target for therapy remains unclear. Here, we have analyzed ALDH1A1 mRNA and protein levels in relation to clinical, histopathological and molecular tumor features in large series of human colorectal cancer. Methods ALDH1A1 protein levels were determined by immunohistochemistry in a series of primary colorectal tumors and their corresponding liver metastases (n = 158). ALDH1A1 mRNA levels were analyzed in several large patient cohorts of colorectal cancer. ALDH1A1 mRNA and protein levels were then related to overall survival and to clinical, histopathological and molecular tumor features. Results High levels of ALDH1A1 were associated with a poorly differentiated histology and a right-sided tumor location, but not to a mesenchymal-like molecular subtype. Liver metastases contained significantly higher levels of ALDH1A1 compared to the corresponding primary tumors. Radio- and/or chemotherapy prior to tumor resection was associated with increased ALDH1A1 levels regardless of the molecular subtype. Finally, ALDH1A1 protein expression in primary tumors and metastases correlated with shorter overall survival. Conclusions ALDH1A1 expression is associated with features of poor prognosis, including a poorly differentiated histology and ‘right-sidedness’ of the primary tumor, and with shorter overall survival. ALDH1A1 is also highly expressed in therapy-surviving tumors and in liver metastases. These results warrant further research into the potential value of targeting ALDH1A1 in order to improve the efficacy of standard treatment and thereby preventing tumor recurrence.
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Janetschek G, Weitzel D, Stein W, Müntefering H, Alken P. Prenatal diagnosis of neuroblastoma by sonography. Urology 1984; 38:93. [PMID: 30791957 PMCID: PMC6385443 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Zoledronic acid is the most potent osteoclast inhibitor and is widely used for advanced cancer patients with bone metastasis, but its role on cancer stem cells (CSCs) remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to identify the stemness phenotypic characteristics of CSCs derived from cervical cancer cells and explore the anti-cancer efficiency of zoledronic acid on these cells, as well as the possible molecular mechanisms. Methods Stemness phenotypic identification of cervical cancer cells derived CSCs was performed via sphere formation efficiency (SFE), tumorigenesis, immunofluorescence staining, Transwell assay, and western blot. Anti-cancer efficiency of zoledronic acid on these cells (including proliferation, stemness phenotype, apoptosis, and cell cycle) was carried out through MTT assay, SFE, transwell, DAPI staining, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, TUNEL staining, and western blot, both in vitro and in vivo. Results Enhanced self-renewal ability, including SFE and tumorigenesis, was verified in cervical cancer cells derived CSCs compared to parental cervical cancer cells. Specifically, the expression of ALDH1, Sox2, CD49f, Nanog, and Oct4 was significantly up-regulated in cervical cancer cells derived CSCs. Furthermore, enhanced migratory ability was observed in these cells along with up-regulated N-cadherin and Vimentin and down-regulated E-cadherin. Zoledronic acid inhibited cervical cancer cells derived CSCs proliferation in vitro and in vivo. The stemness phenotype of these CSCs including tumor sphere formation, migration, as well as the expression of the aforementioned associated markers was also suppressed. In addition, zoledronic acid significantly induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of cervical cancer cells derived CSCs in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, the expression of phosphorylated Erk1/2 and Akt was significantly increased in cervical cancer cells derived CSCs compared to parental cervical cancer cells. Zoledronic acid inhibited phosphorylated Erk1/2 and Akt in cervical cancer cells derived CSCs. IGF-1, a potent stimulator for Erk1/2 and PI3K/Akt, attenuated the aforementioned anti-cancer effect of zoledronic acid. Conclusions Zoledronic acid inhibited the growth of cervical cancer cells derived CSCs through attenuating their stemness phenotype, inducing apoptosis, and arresting cell cycle. The suppression of phosphorylated Erk1/2 and Akt was involved in this process. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1109-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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