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Abu-Serie MM, Barakat A, Ramadan S, Habashy NH. Superior cuproptotic efficacy of diethyldithiocarbamate-Cu 4O 3 nanoparticles over diethyldithiocarbamate-Cu 2O nanoparticles in metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1388038. [PMID: 39076585 PMCID: PMC11284037 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1388038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HC) is a serious health concern. The stemness of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is a key driver for HC tumorigenesis, apoptotic resistance, and metastasis, and functional mitochondria are critical for its maintenance. Cuproptosis is Cu-dependent non-apoptotic pathway (mitochondrial dysfunction) via inactivating mitochondrial enzymes (pyruvate dehydrogenase "PDH" and succinate dehydrogenase "SDH"). To effectively treat metastatic HC, it is necessary to induce selective cuproptosis (for halting cancer stemness genes) with selective oxidative imbalance (for increasing cell susceptibility to cuproptosis and inducing non-CSCs death). Herein, two types of Cu oxide nanoparticles (Cu4O3 "C(I + II)" NPs and Cu2O "C(I)" NPs) were used in combination with diethyldithiocarbamate (DD, an aldehyde dehydrogenase "ALDH" inhibitor) for comparative anti-HC investigation. DC(I + II) NPs exhibited higher cytotoxicity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and anti-migration impact than DC(I) NPs in the treated human HC cells (HepG2 and/or Huh7). Moreover, DC(I + II) NPs were more effective than DC(I) NPs in the treatment of HC mouse groups. This was mediated via higher selective accumulation of DC(I + II) NPs in only tumor tissues and oxidant activity, causing stronger selective inhibition of mitochondrial enzymes (PDH, SDH, and ALDH2) than DC(I)NPs. This effect resulted in more suppression of tumor and metastasis markers as well as stemness gene expressions in DC(I + II) NPs-treated HC mice. In addition, both nanocomplexes normalized liver function and hematological parameters. The computational analysis found that DC(I + II) showed higher binding affinity to most of the tested enzymes. Accordingly, DC(I + II) NPs represent a highly effective therapeutic formulation compared to DC(I) NPs for metastatic HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M. Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Assem Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif Ramadan
- Chemistry Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Noha Hassan Habashy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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2
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Neamatallah T, Malebari AM, Alamoudi AJ, Nazreen S, Alam MM, Bin-Melaih HH, Abuzinadah OA, Badr-Eldin SM, Alhassani G, Makki L, Nasrullah MZ. Andrographolide nanophytosomes exhibit enhanced cellular delivery and pro-apoptotic activities in HepG2 liver cancer cells. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2174209. [PMID: 36762548 PMCID: PMC9930834 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2174209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Andrographolide (AG), a major active constituent of Andrographis paniculata, is known to hinder proliferation of several types of cancer cells. However, its poor solubility and cellular permeability restrict its use in clinical applications. In this study, AG-loaded phytosomes (AG-PTMs) were formulated and optimized with respect to particle size using l-α-phosphatidylcholine (PC):AG ratio and sonication time (ST) as independent variables. The optimized formula was prepared at 1:2.7 for AG:PC molar ratio and 4.9 min for ST and exhibited a particle size of 243.7 ± 7.3 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.310 and entrapment efficiency of 72.20 ± 4.53. Also, the prepared formula showed a slow release of AG over 24-h period. The antiproliferative activity of AG-PTMs was investigated against the liver cancer cell line HepG2. AG-PTMs significantly repressed the growth of HepG2 cells with an IC50 value of 4.02 ± 0.14 µM. AG uptake by HepG2 cells was significantly enhanced in incubations containing the optimized formula. AG-PTMs also caused G2-M cell cycle phase arrest and increased the fraction of apoptotic cells in pre-G1 phase. These effects were associated with induction of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, AG-PTMs significantly upregulated mRNA expression of BAX and downregulated that of BCL2. Furthermore, AG-PTMs significantly enhanced the concentration of caspase-3 in comparison to raw AG. These data indicate that the phytosomal delivery of AG significantly inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation through enhanced cellular uptake, arresting cell cycle at the G2-M phase and inducing mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thikryat Neamatallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azizah M. Malebari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsin J. Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Nazreen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Mahboob Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hawazen H. Bin-Melaih
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A. Abuzinadah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gharam Alhassani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamar Makki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Z. Nasrullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,CONTACT Mohammed Z. Nasrullah
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3
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Yang Q, Tian H, Guo Z, Ma Z, Wang G. The role of noncoding RNAs in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1697-1706. [PMID: 37867435 PMCID: PMC10686793 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading fatal malignancy worldwide. The tumor microenvironment (TME) can affect the survival, proliferation, migration, and even dormancy of cancer cells. Hypoxia is an important component of the TME, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is the most important transcriptional regulator. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), comprise a large part of the human transcriptome and play an important role in regulating the tumorigenesis of HCC. This review discusses the role of ncRNAs in hepatocarcinogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and angiogenesis in a hypoxic microenvironment, as well as the interactions between ncRNAs and key components of the TME. It further discusses their use as biomarkers and the potential clinical value of drugs, as well as the challenges faced in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yang
- Laboratory for Noncoding RNA and CancerSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Hui Tian
- Department of GeriatricsZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Ziyi Guo
- Laboratory for Noncoding RNA and CancerSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Zhongliang Ma
- Laboratory for Noncoding RNA and CancerSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- School of Medical ImagingWeifang Medical UniversityWeifang261053China
- Department of Medical Imaging CenterAffiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang261053China
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4
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Multifunctional nanoparticles for targeting liver cancer stem cells and efficient endocytosis. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Huang Y, Wang T, Yang J, Wu X, Fan W, Chen J. Current Strategies for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment via Nano-Delivery Systems: A Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2335-2352. [PMID: 35619893 PMCID: PMC9128750 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s363456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer remains a global health challenge with a projected incidence of over one million cases by 2025. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common primary liver cancer, accounting for about 90% of all liver cancer cases. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the internal and external environment for tumor development, which plays an important role in tumorigenesis, immune escape and treatment resistance. Knowing that TME is a unique setting for HCC tumorigenesis, exploration of strategies to modulate TME has attracted increasing attention. Among them, the use of nano-delivery systems to deliver therapeutic agents to regulate TME components has shown great potential. TME-modulating nanoparticles have the advantages of protecting therapeutic agents from degradation, enhancing the ability of targeting HCC and reducing systemic toxicity. In this article, we summarize the TME components associated with HCC, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), extracellular matrix (ECM), endothelial cells and immune cells, discuss their impact on the HCC progression, and highlight recent studies on nano-delivery systems that modulate these components. Finally, we also discuss opportunities and challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiansi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiefen Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fan
- Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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6
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Gouda G, Gupta MK, Donde R, Behera L, Vadde R. Tumor microenvironment in heptocellular carcinoma. THERANOSTICS AND PRECISION MEDICINE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA 2022:109-124. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98806-3.00007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
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7
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Shokouhifar A, Firouzi J, Nouri M, Sarab GA, Ebrahimi M. NK cell upraise in the dark world of cancer stem cells. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:682. [PMID: 34923966 PMCID: PMC8684645 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the obstacles in treating different cancers, especially solid tumors, is cancer stem cells (CSCs) with their ability in resistance to chemo/radio therapy. The efforts for finding advanced treatments to overcome these cells have led to the emergence of advanced immune cell-based therapy (AICBT). Today, NK cells have become the center of attention since they have been proved to show an appropriate cytotoxicity against different cancer types as well as the capability of detecting and killing CSCs. Attempts for reaching an off-the-shelf source of NK cells have been made and resulted in the emergence of chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cells (CAR-NK cells). The CAR technology has then been used for generating more cytotoxic and efficient NK cells, which has increased the hope for cancer treatment. Since utilizing this advanced technology to target CSCs have been published in few studies, the present study has focused on discussing the characteristics of CSCs, which are detected and targeted by NK cells, the advantages and restrictions of using CAR-NK cells in CSCs treatment and the probable challenges in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shokouhifar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Genomic Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, 16635-148, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Firouzi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, 16635-148, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Nouri
- R&D Department, Royan Stem Cell Technology Co., Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Anani Sarab
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, 16635-148, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, 14155-4364, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Caetano Oliveira R, Martins R, Abrantes AM, Jesus Â, Teixeira P, Canhoto C, Guerreiro P, Costa B, Silva MR, Tralhão JG, Cipriano MA. Morphophenotypic Classification of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: the Biliary/Stem Cell Subgroup and Worst Outcome-Implications on Patient Selection. J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 25:698-707. [PMID: 32410177 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-020-04611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and the third cause of cancer-related death. Current clinical/pathological criteria contribute to risk stratification, but are far from the desired on individualized medicine. Recently, HCC classifications have been published based on immunohistochemical and morphological features. METHODS A retrospective review of patients submitted to surgical treatment-partial hepatectomy (PH) or liver transplantation (LT), with pathological diagnosis of HCC, in a 9-year period (2007-2015) was performed. RESULTS Applying the classification of Srivastava et al. (#1), based on the expression of CD31, p53, AFP and CD44, tumour size and presence of vascular invasion, HCC were categorized as low- and high-risk HCC. With the classification of Tsujikawa et al. (#2), HCC were classified into biliary/stem cell marker positive, Wnt signalling positive and the "all negative" HCC, according to the expression of CK19, SALL4, β-catenin glutamine synthetase, EpCAM and p53. There were sixty-six patients (53 males; 13 females), with median age of 64.5 ± 9.46 years (range 38-86), with solitary HCC, comprehending 37 PH (56.1%) and 29 LT (43.9%). The mean overall survival (OS) was 75.4 ± 6.9 months. Biliary/stem cell type of HCC was a predictive factor of worse OS on the overall population (24.4 versus 78.3 months, p = 0.032) and in PH cohort (11.5 versus 64.01 months, p = 0.016), on uni- and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSION These results support the relevance of a risk stratification classification of HCC. Classification #2 seems adequate to our reality demonstrating OS impact, allowing its application in future biopsies, prompting individualized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Caetano Oliveira
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Piso-3, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Martins
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Pediatric and Adult Liver Transplantation Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Abrantes
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ângela Jesus
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Piso-3, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Teixeira
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Piso-3, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carolina Canhoto
- Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Guerreiro
- Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Costa
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mário Rui Silva
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Piso-3, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Guilherme Tralhão
- Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Pediatric and Adult Liver Transplantation Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Augusta Cipriano
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Piso-3, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
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Dhanasekaran R. Deciphering Tumor Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)-Multi-Omic and Singulomic Approaches. Semin Liver Dis 2021; 41:9-18. [PMID: 33764481 PMCID: PMC8136683 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity, a key hallmark of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), poses a significant challenge to developing effective therapies or predicting clinical outcomes in HCC. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing-based multi-omic and single cell analysis technologies have enabled us to develop high-resolution atlases of tumors and pull back the curtain on tumor heterogeneity. By combining multiregion targeting sampling strategies with deep sequencing of the genome, transcriptome, epigenome, and proteome, several studies have revealed novel mechanistic insights into tumor initiation and progression in HCC. Advances in multiparametric immune cell profiling have facilitated a deeper dive into the biological complexity of HCC, which is crucial in this era of immunotherapy. Moreover, studies using liquid biopsy have demonstrated their potential to circumvent the need for tissue sampling to investigate heterogeneity. In this review, we discuss how multi-omic and single-cell sequencing technologies have advanced our understanding of tumor heterogeneity in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renumathy Dhanasekaran
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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10
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Oswald JT, Patel H, Khan D, Jeorje NN, Golzar H, Oswald EL, Tang S. Drug Delivery Systems Using Surface Markers for Targeting Cancer Stem Cells. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2057-2071. [PMID: 32250211 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200406084900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The innate abilities of cancer stem cells (CSCs), such as multi-drug resistance, drug efflux, quiescence and ionizing radiation tolerance, protect them from most traditional chemotherapeutics. As a result, this small subpopulation of persistent cells leads to more aggressive and chemoresistant cancers, causing tumour relapse and metastasis. This subpopulation is differentiated from the bulk tumour population through a wide variety of surface markers expressed on the cell surface. Recent developments in nanomedicine and targeting delivery methods have given rise to new possibilities for specifically targeting these markers and preferentially eliminating CSCs. Herein, we first summarize the range of surface markers identifying CSC populations in a variety of cancers; then, we discuss recent attempts to actively target CSCs and their niches using liposomal, nanoparticle, carbon nanotube and viral formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Oswald
- School Of Nanotechnology Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Haritosh Patel
- School Of Nanotechnology Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Daid Khan
- School Of Nanotechnology Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ninweh N Jeorje
- School Of Nanotechnology Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hossein Golzar
- Department of Chemistry & Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Erin L Oswald
- School Of Nanotechnology Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Shirley Tang
- Department of Chemistry & Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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11
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Warrier S, Patil M, Bhansali S, Varier L, Sethi G. Designing precision medicine panels for drug refractory cancers targeting cancer stemness traits. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188475. [PMID: 33188876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one amongst the major causes of death today and cancer biology is one of the most well researched fields in medicine. The driving force behind cancer is considered to be a minor subpopulation of cells, the cancer stem cells (CSCs). Similar to other stem cells, these cells are self-renewing and proliferating but CSCs are also difficult to target by chemo- or radio-therapies. Cancer stem cells are known to be present in most of the cancer subgroups such as carcinoma, sarcoma, myeloma, leukemia, lymphomas and mixed cancer types. There is a wide gamut of factors attributed to the stemness of cancers, ranging from dysregulated signaling pathways, and activation of enzymes aiding immune evasion, to conducive tumor microenvironment, to name a few. The defining outcome of the increased presence of CSCs is tumor metastasis and relapse. Predictive medicine approach based on the plethora of CSC markers would be a move towards precision medicine to specifically identify CSC-rich tumors. In this review, we discuss the cancer subtypes and the role of different CSC specific markers in these varying subtypes. We also categorize the CSC markers based their defining trait contributing to stemness. This review thus provides a comprehensive approach to catalogue a predictive set of markers to identify the resistant and refractory cancer stem cell population within different tumor subtypes, so as to facilitate better prognosis and targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India; Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India.
| | - Manasi Patil
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India
| | - Sanyukta Bhansali
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India
| | | | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117 600, Singapore
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12
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Modi SJ, Kulkarni VM. Discovery of VEGFR-2 inhibitors exerting significant anticancer activity against CD44+ and CD133+ cancer stem cells (CSCs): Reversal of TGF-β induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112851. [PMID: 33002846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy characterized by neoangiogenesis, which is an augmented production of proangiogenic factors by the tumor and its adjacent infected cells. These dysregulated angiogenic factors are the therapeutic targets in anti-angiogenic drug development. The signaling pathway of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGFR-2 is crucial for controlling the angiogenic responses in endothelial cells (ECs). In this study, we carried out a rational drug design approach wherein we have identified the novel orally bioavailable compound VS 8 as a potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor, which remarkably suppresses hVEGF and hVEGFR-2 expression in HUVECs and exhibits significant anti-angiogenic effects in CAM assay. Besides, VS 8 significantly induces apoptosis in HCC cell line (Hep G2). Later we examined its effectiveness against CD44+ and CD133+ CSCs. Here, VS 8 was found to be active against CSCs, and adequate for the cessation of the cell cycle at 'G0/G1' and 'S' phase in CD44+ and CD133+ CSCs respectively. Factually, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) stimulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induces invasion and migration of HCC cells, which results in the metastasis. Therefore, we studied the effect of VS 8 on EMT markers using flow cytometry, which suggested that VS 8 significantly upregulates E-cadherin (epithelial biomarker) and downregulates vimentin (mesenchymal biomarker). Further, VS 8 downregulates the expression of EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), i.e., SNAIL. Altogether, our findings indicate that VS 8 could be a promising drug candidate for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth J Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vithal M Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India.
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Structure-Dependent Effects of Phthalates on Intercellular and Intracellular Communication in Liver Oval Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176069. [PMID: 32842520 PMCID: PMC7504421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are exposed to phthalates released from plastics, cosmetics, or food on a daily basis. Phthalates have low acute liver toxicity, but their chronic exposures could induce molecular and cellular effects linked to adverse health outcomes, such as liver tumor promotion or chronic liver diseases. The alternation of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and MAPK-Erk1/2 pathways in liver progenitor or oval cells can disrupt liver tissue homeostatic mechanisms and affect the development and severity of these adverse outcomes. Our study with 20 different phthalates revealed their structurally dependent effects on liver GJIC and MAPK-Erk1/2 signaling in rat liver WB-F344 cell line with characteristics of liver oval cells. The phthalates with a medium-length side chain (3–6 C) were the most potent dysregulators of GJIC and activators of MAPK-Erk1/2. The effects occurred rapidly, suggesting the activation of non-genomic (non-transcriptional) mechanisms directly by the parental compounds. Short-chain phthalates (1–2 C) did not dysregulate GJIC even after longer exposures and did not activate MAPK-Erk1/2. Longer chain (≥7 C) phthalates, such as DEHP or DINP, moderately activated MAPK-Erk1/2, but inhibited GJIC only after prolonged exposures (>12 h), suggesting that GJIC dysregulation occurs via genomic mechanisms, or (bio)transformation. Overall, medium-chain phthalates rapidly affected the key tissue homeostatic mechanisms in the liver oval cell population via non-genomic pathways, which might contribute to the development of chronic liver toxicity and diseases.
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14
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Yoshida GJ. Beyond the Warburg Effect: N-Myc Contributes to Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:791. [PMID: 32547946 PMCID: PMC7269178 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells generate large amounts of lactate derived from glucose regardless of the available oxygen level. Cancer cells finely control ATP synthesis by modulating the uptake of substrates and the activity of enzymes involved in aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), which enables them to adapt to the tumor microenvironment. However, increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial metabolism, including the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and glutaminolysis, is paradoxically activated in MYCN-amplified malignancies. Unlike non-amplified cells, MYCN-amplified cancer cells significantly promote OXPHOS-dependent ATP synthesis. Furthermore, tumor cells are differentially dependent on fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) according to N-Myc status. Therefore, upregulation of FAO-associated enzymes is positively correlated with both N-Myc expression level and poor clinical outcome. This review explores therapeutic strategies targeting cancer stem-like cells for the treatment of tumors associated with MYCN amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go J Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Immunological Diagnosis, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Thankamony AP, Saxena K, Murali R, Jolly MK, Nair R. Cancer Stem Cell Plasticity - A Deadly Deal. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:79. [PMID: 32426371 PMCID: PMC7203492 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity is a major ongoing challenge in the effective therapeutic targeting of cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that a fraction of cells within a tumor termed Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are primarily responsible for this diversity resulting in therapeutic resistance and metastasis. Adding to this complexity, recent studies have shown that there can be different subpopulations of CSCs with varying biochemical and biophysical traits resulting in varied dissemination and drug-resistance potential. Moreover, cancer cells can exhibit a high level of plasticity or the ability to dynamically switch between CSC and non-CSC states or among different subsets of CSCs. In addition, CSCs also display extensive metabolic plasticity. The molecular mechanisms underlying these different interconnected axes of plasticity has been under extensive investigation and the trans-differentiation process of Epithelial to Mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been identified as a major contributing factor. Besides genetic and epigenetic factors, CSC plasticity is also shaped by non-cell-autonomous effects such as the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we discuss the latest developments in decoding mechanisms and implications of CSC plasticity in tumor progression at biochemical and biophysical levels, and the latest in silico approaches being taken for characterizing cancer cell plasticity. These efforts can help improve existing therapeutic approaches by taking into consideration the contribution of cellular plasticity/heterogeneity in enabling drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana P. Thankamony
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Kritika Saxena
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Reshma Murali
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Radhika Nair
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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16
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Mondal P, Sen S, Klein BJ, Tiwary N, Gadad SS, Kutateladze TG, Roy S, Das C. TCF19 Promotes Cell Proliferation through Binding to the Histone H3K4me3 Mark. Biochemistry 2019; 59:389-399. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Payel Mondal
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sen
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Brianna J. Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Niharika Tiwary
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Shrikanth S. Gadad
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas 79905, United States
| | - Tatiana G. Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- Structural Biology & Bio-Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
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17
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Mohamed RH, Abu-Shahba N, Mahmoud M, Abdelfattah AMH, Zakaria W, ElHefnawi M. Co-regulatory Network of Oncosuppressor miRNAs and Transcription Factors for Pathology of Human Hepatic Cancer Stem Cells (HCSC). Sci Rep 2019; 9:5564. [PMID: 30944375 PMCID: PMC6447552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic cancer stem cells (HCSCs) are considered as main players for the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation, metastasis, drug resistance and recurrence. There is a growing evidence supporting the down-regulated miRNAs in HCSCs as key suppressors for the stemness traits, but still more details are vague about how these miRNAs modulate the HCC development. To uncover some of these miRNA regulatory aspects in HCSC, we compiled 15 down-regulated miRNA and their validated and predicted up-regulated targets in HCSC. The targets were enriched for several cancer cell stemness hallmarks and CSC pre-metastatic niche, which support these miRNAs role in suppression of HCSCs neoplastic transformation. Further, we constructed miRNA-Transcription factor (TF) regulatory networks, which provided new insights on the role of the proposed miRNA-TF co-regulation in the cancer stemness axis and its cross talk with the surrounding microenvironment. Our analysis revealed HCSC important hubs as candidate regulators for targeting hepatic cancer stemness such as, miR-148a, miR-214, E2F family, MYC and SLC7A5. Finally, we proposed a possible model for miRNA and TF co-regulation of HCSC signaling pathways. Our study identified an HCSC signature and set bridges between the reported results to give guide for future validation of HCC therapeutic strategies avoiding drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Hassan Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nourhan Abu-Shahba
- Stem Cell Research Group, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mahmoud
- Stem Cell Research Group, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M H Abdelfattah
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,VAP, CS Department, SUNY, Oswego, NY, USA
| | - Wael Zakaria
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud ElHefnawi
- Biomedical informatics and Chemoinformatics group, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, Informatics and Systems Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt. .,Informatics and systems Department, Division of Engineering research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
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18
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Zhang J, Pei Y, Yang W, Yang W, Chen B, Zhao X, Long S. Cytoglobin ameliorates the stemness of hepatocellular carcinoma via coupling oxidative-nitrosative stress signals. Mol Carcinog 2018; 58:334-343. [PMID: 30365183 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) account for tumor self-renewal and heterogeneity. Oxidative-nitrosative stress (ONS) is an independent etiologic factor throughout tumorigenesis. Emerging evidences indicated that the interaction of ONS with CSCs contributes to tumor progression and resistance to chemoradiotherapy. Cytoglobin (Cygb) is a member of human hexacoordinate hemoglobin family and acts as a dynamic mediator of redox homeostasis. We observed that Cygb is significantly deregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue and its decrease aggravates the growth of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) and increases the subpopulation of CD133(+) LCSCs. Cygb restoration inhibits HCC proliferation and LCSC growth, and decreases the subpopulation of CD133 (+) LCSCs in vitro. We found that Cygb absence promotes LCSC phenotypes and PI3 K/AKT activation, whereas Cygb restoration inhibits LCSC phenotypes and PI3 K/AKT activation. Furthermore, exogenous antioxidants can eliminate the inhibitory effect of Cygb to LCSC growth and phenotypes, as well as PI3 K/AKT activation. Collectively, this study demonstrated that cytoglobin functions as a tumor suppressor and targets CSCs at an ONS-dependent manner. Thus, Cygb restoration could be a novel and promising therapeutic strategy against HCC with aberrant ROS/RNS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China.,Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Transformation Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - YuanYuan Pei
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - WenXiu Yang
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China.,Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - BoXin Chen
- Department of Immunology, Basic School of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Basic School of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Shiqi Long
- Department of Immunology, Basic School of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
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19
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Takashima Y, Horisawa K, Udono M, Ohkawa Y, Suzuki A. Prolonged inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation by combinatorial expression of defined transcription factors. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3543-3553. [PMID: 30220099 PMCID: PMC6215883 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for a large proportion of liver cancer cases and has an extremely poor prognosis. Therefore, novel innovative therapies for HCC are strongly desired. As gene therapy tools for HCC, 2 hepatic transcription factors (TF), HNF4A and HNF1A, have been used to suppress proliferation and to extinguish cancer‐specific characteristics of target cells. However, our present data demonstrated that single transduction of HNF4A or HNF1A had only a limited effect on suppression of HCC cell proliferation. Thus, in this study, we examined whether combinations of TF could show more effective antitumor activity, and found that combinatorial transduction of 3 hepatic TF, HNF4A, HNF1A and FOXA3, suppressed HCC cell proliferation more stably than single transduction of these TF. The combinatorial transduction also suppressed cancer‐specific phenotypes, such as anchorage‐independent growth in culture and tumorigenicity after transplantation into mice. HCC cell lines transduced with the 3 TF did not recover their proliferative property after withdrawal of anticancer drugs, indicating that combinatorial expression of the 3 TF suppressed the growth of all cell subtypes within the HCC cell lines, including cancer stem‐like cells. Transcriptome analyses revealed that the expression levels of a specific gene set involved in cell proliferation were only decreased in HCC cells overexpressing all 3 TF. Moreover, combined transduction of the 3 TF could facilitate hepatic differentiation of HCC cell lines. Our strategy for inducing stable inhibition and functional differentiation of tumor cells using a defined set of TF will become an effective therapeutic strategy for various types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Takashima
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Horisawa
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miyako Udono
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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