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Elbialy A, Kappala D, Desai D, Wang P, Fadiel A, Wang SJ, Makary MS, Lenobel S, Sood A, Gong M, Dason S, Shabsigh A, Clinton S, Parwani AV, Putluri N, Shvets G, Li J, Liu X. Patient-Derived Conditionally Reprogrammed Cells in Prostate Cancer Research. Cells 2024; 13:1005. [PMID: 38920635 PMCID: PMC11201841 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a leading cause of mortality among American men, with metastatic and recurrent disease posing significant therapeutic challenges due to a limited comprehension of the underlying biological processes governing disease initiation, dormancy, and progression. The conventional use of PCa cell lines has proven inadequate in elucidating the intricate molecular mechanisms driving PCa carcinogenesis, hindering the development of effective treatments. To address this gap, patient-derived primary cell cultures have been developed and play a pivotal role in unraveling the pathophysiological intricacies unique to PCa in each individual, offering valuable insights for translational research. This review explores the applications of the conditional reprogramming (CR) cell culture approach, showcasing its capability to rapidly and effectively cultivate patient-derived normal and tumor cells. The CR strategy facilitates the acquisition of stem cell properties by primary cells, precisely recapitulating the human pathophysiology of PCa. This nuanced understanding enables the identification of novel therapeutics. Specifically, our discussion encompasses the utility of CR cells in elucidating PCa initiation and progression, unraveling the molecular pathogenesis of metastatic PCa, addressing health disparities, and advancing personalized medicine. Coupled with the tumor organoid approach and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), CR cells present a promising avenue for comprehending cancer biology, exploring new treatment modalities, and advancing precision medicine in the context of PCa. These approaches have been used for two NCI initiatives (PDMR: patient-derived model repositories; HCMI: human cancer models initiatives).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Elbialy
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Computational Oncology Unit, The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, 900 E 57th Street, KCBD Bldg., STE 4144, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Deepthi Kappala
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
| | - Dhruv Desai
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
| | - Peng Wang
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
| | - Ahmed Fadiel
- Computational Oncology Unit, The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, 900 E 57th Street, KCBD Bldg., STE 4144, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shang-Jui Wang
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mina S. Makary
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Scott Lenobel
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Akshay Sood
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael Gong
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shawn Dason
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ahmad Shabsigh
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Steven Clinton
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
| | - Anil V. Parwani
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gennady Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Jenny Li
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Zafar A, Khan MJ, Naeem A. MDM2- an indispensable player in tumorigenesis. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6871-6883. [PMID: 37314603 PMCID: PMC10374471 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is a well-recognized molecule for its oncogenic potential. Since its identification, various cancer-promoting roles of MDM2 such as growth stimulation, sustained angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, apoptosis evasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression have been established. Alterations in the expression levels of MDM2 occur in multiple types of cancers resulting in uncontrolled proliferation. The cellular processes are modulated by MDM2 through transcription, post-translational modifications, protein degradation, binding to cofactors, and subcellular localization. In this review, we discuss the precise role of deregulated MDM2 levels in modulating cellular functions to promote cancer growth. Moreover, we also briefly discuss the role of MDM2 in inducing resistance against anti-cancerous therapies thus limiting the benefits of cancerous treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasma Zafar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, 45550 Pakistan
| | | | - Aisha Naeem
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 20057 Washington, DC U.S
- Qatar University Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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3
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Expansion of human amniotic epithelial cells using condition cell reprogramming technology. Hum Cell 2023; 36:602-611. [PMID: 36586053 PMCID: PMC9947022 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) are non-immunogenic epithelial cells that can develop into cells of all three germline lineages. However, a refined clinically reliable method is required to optimize the preparation and banking procedures of hAECs for their successful translation into clinical studies. With the goal of establishing standardized clinically applicable hAECs cultured cells, we described the use of a powerful epithelial cell culture technique, termed Conditionally Reprogrammed Cells (CRC) for ex vivo expansion of hAECs. The well-established CRC culture method uses a Rho kinase inhibitor (Y-27632) and J2 mouse fibroblast feeder cells to drive the indefinite proliferation of all known epithelial cell types. In this study, we used an optimized CRC protocol to successfully culture hAECs in a CRC medium supplemented with xenogen-free human serum. We established that hAECs thrive under the CRC conditions for over 5 passages while still expressing pluripotent stem markers (OCT-4, SOX-2 and NANOG) and non-immunogenic markers (CD80, CD86 and HLA-G) suggesting that even late-passage hAECs retain their privileged phenotype. The hAECs-CRC cells were infected with a puromycin-selectable lentivirus expressing luciferase and GFP (green fluorescent protein) and stably selected with puromycin. The hAECs expressing GFP were injected subcutaneously into the flanks of Athymic and C57BL6 mice to check the tolerability and stability of cells against the immune system. Chemiluminescence imaging confirmed the presence and viability of cells at days 2, 5, and 42 without acute inflammation or any tumor formation. Collectively, these data indicate that the CRC approach offers a novel solution to expanding hAECs in humanized conditions for future clinical uses, while retaining their primary phenotype.
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Issa NT, Wathieu H, Glasgow E, Peran I, Parasido E, Li T, Simbulan-Rosenthal CM, Rosenthal D, Medvedev AV, Makarov SS, Albanese C, Byers SW, Dakshanamurthy S. A novel chemo-phenotypic method identifies mixtures of salpn, vitamin D3, and pesticides involved in the development of colorectal and pancreatic cancer. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 233:113330. [PMID: 35189517 PMCID: PMC10202418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Environmental chemical (EC) exposures and our interactions with them has significantly increased in the recent decades. Toxicity associated biological characterization of these chemicals is challenging and inefficient, even with available high-throughput technologies. In this report, we describe a novel computational method for characterizing toxicity, associated biological perturbations and disease outcome, called the Chemo-Phenotypic Based Toxicity Measurement (CPTM). CPTM is used to quantify the EC "toxicity score" (Zts), which serves as a holistic metric of potential toxicity and disease outcome. CPTM quantitative toxicity is the measure of chemical features, biological phenotypic effects, and toxicokinetic properties of the ECs. For proof-of-concept, we subject ECs obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) database to the CPTM. We validated the CPTM toxicity predictions by correlating 'Zts' scores with known toxicity effects. We also confirmed the CPTM predictions with in-vitro, and in-vivo experiments. In in-vitro and zebrafish models, we showed that, mixtures of the motor oil and food additive 'Salpn' with endogenous nuclear receptor ligands such as Vitamin D3, dysregulated the nuclear receptors and key transcription pathways involved in Colorectal Cancer. Further, in a human patient derived cell organoid model, we found that a mixture of the widely used pesticides 'Tetramethrin' and 'Fenpropathrin' significantly impacts the population of patient derived pancreatic cancer cells and 3D organoid models to support rapid PDAC disease progression. The CPTM method is, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive toxico-physicochemical, and phenotypic bionetwork-based platform for efficient high-throughput screening of environmental chemical toxicity, mechanisms of action, and connection to disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiem T Issa
- Department of Oncology, and Molecular and Experimental Therapeutic Research in Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Henri Wathieu
- Department of Oncology, and Molecular and Experimental Therapeutic Research in Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Eric Glasgow
- Department of Oncology, and Molecular and Experimental Therapeutic Research in Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Ivana Peran
- Department of Oncology, and Molecular and Experimental Therapeutic Research in Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Erika Parasido
- Department of Oncology, and Molecular and Experimental Therapeutic Research in Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Tianqi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | - Dean Rosenthal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | | | - Christopher Albanese
- Department of Oncology, and Molecular and Experimental Therapeutic Research in Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Stephen W Byers
- Department of Oncology, and Molecular and Experimental Therapeutic Research in Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Sivanesan Dakshanamurthy
- Department of Oncology, and Molecular and Experimental Therapeutic Research in Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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5
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Naeem A, Harish V, Coste S, Parasido EM, Choudhry MU, Kromer LF, Ihemelandu C, Petricoin EF, Pierobon M, Noon MS, Yenugonda VM, Avantaggiati M, Kupfer GM, Fricke S, Rodriguez O, Albanese C. Regulation of Chemosensitivity in Human Medulloblastoma Cells by p53 and the PI3 Kinase Signaling Pathway. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:114-126. [PMID: 34635507 PMCID: PMC8738155 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In medulloblastoma, p53 expression has been associated with chemoresistance and radiation resistance and with poor long-term outcomes in the p53-mutated sonic hedgehog, MYC-p53, and p53-positive medulloblastoma subgroups. We previously established a direct role for p53 in supporting drug resistance in medulloblastoma cells with high basal protein expression levels (D556 and DAOY). We now show that p53 genetic suppression in medulloblastoma cells with low basal p53 protein expression levels (D283 and UW228) significantly reduced drug responsiveness, suggesting opposing roles for low p53 protein expression levels. Mechanistically, the enhanced cell death by p53 knockdown in high-p53 cells was associated with an induction of mTOR/PI3K signaling. Both mTOR inhibition and p110α/PIK3CA induction confirmed these findings, which abrogated or accentuated the enhanced chemosensitivity response in D556 cells respectively while converse was seen in D283 cells. Co-treatment with G-actin-sequestering peptide, thymosin β4 (Tβ4), induced p-AKTS473 in both p53-high and p53-low cells, enhancing chemosensitivity in D556 cells while enhancing chemoresistance in D283 and UW228 cells. IMPLICATIONS: Collectively, we identified an unexpected role for the PI3K signaling in enhancing cell death in medulloblastoma cells with high basal p53 expression. These studies indicate that levels of p53 immunopositivity may serve as a diagnostic marker of chemotherapy resistance and for defining therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Naeem
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Health Research Governance Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varsha Harish
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Sophie Coste
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Erika M. Parasido
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Muhammad Umer Choudhry
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Lawrence F. Kromer
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Chukuemeka Ihemelandu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Emanuel F. Petricoin
- George Mason University, Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Mariaelena Pierobon
- George Mason University, Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Manassas, Virginia
| | | | | | - Maria Avantaggiati
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Gary M. Kupfer
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Stanley Fricke
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Corresponding Author: Chris Albanese, Department of OncologyGeorgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Cancer Center, NRB W417, Washington, DC 20007. Phone: 202-687-3305; E-mail:
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6
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Chai J, Han L, Zhang J, Han D, Zou L, Zhu Z, Zhao Y, Guo H. Conditional Reprogramming Inducing Clinical Cells Proliferation: New Research Tools in Tumor and Inflammatory-related Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2657-2660. [PMID: 32175833 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200316155252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, establishing a patient-derived cell model is crucial, whether in vitro or in vivo. Compared to the traditional cell lines, patient-derived primary cells represent precise genetic features from specific patients, but poor proliferative activity of human primary cells restricts their popular application. Conditional reprogramming (CR) is a new cell culture technique to achieve rapid growth of patient-derived cells in vitro, making it possible to identify the individual difference and screen drugs sensitivity. In this review, we will summarize the application and limitation of CR in tumor and inflammatory-related diseases, indicating the prospect of this technique for preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Li Han
- Internal Medicine-Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Dali Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Ze Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yulong Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongliang Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
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Cheng Y, Qi F, Li L, Qin Z, Li X, Wang X. Autophagy-related genes are potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in prostate cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:2616-2628. [PMID: 33457234 PMCID: PMC7807329 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, autophagy was found related to several malignances. Methods To explore the diagnostic and prognostic values of autophagy in prostate cancer (PCa), we first identified differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DEARGs) based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Prostate Adenocarcinoma (PRAD) dataset. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were applied to perform gene functional annotation. Then, multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to construct the risk index (RI). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC), calibration and decision curve analysis (DCA) curves were performed to identify the effectiveness of RI. Next, multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to construct the prognostic index (PI) and autophagy-clinical prognostic index (ACPI). Results We identified 16 DEARGs and functional annotation demonstrated the relevance of these genes to autophagy and revealed the association of these DEARGs with digestive system, drug resistance and apoptosis. Then, the RI was constructed based on 5 DEARGs and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.9858. Validation based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets suggested that the RI was effective. Next, 7 ARGs were identified associated with overall survival (OS) and the PI was developed composed of 3 ARGs. Finally, ACPI was constructed based on PI and the M stage. Conclusions This study provided potential models for predicting the risk and prognosis of PCa and indicated the molecular insights of autophagy in PCa. While no other dataset was applied to test the effectiveness of the PI and ACPI models attribute to the well prognosis of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Li
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zongshi Qin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
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Naeem A, Dakshanamurthy S, Walthieu H, Parasido E, Avantaggiati M, Tricoli L, Kumar D, Lee RJ, Feldman A, Noon MS, Byers S, Rodriguez O, Albanese C. Predicting new drug indications for prostate cancer: The integration of an in silico proteochemometric network pharmacology platform with patient-derived primary prostate cells. Prostate 2020; 80:1233-1243. [PMID: 32761925 PMCID: PMC7540414 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug repurposing enables the discovery of potential cancer treatments using publically available data from over 4000 published Food and Drug Administration approved and experimental drugs. However, the ability to effectively evaluate the drug's efficacy remains a challenge. Impediments to broad applicability include inaccuracies in many of the computational drug-target algorithms and a lack of clinically relevant biologic modeling systems to validate the computational data for subsequent translation. METHODS We have integrated our computational proteochemometric systems network pharmacology platform, DrugGenEx-Net, with primary, continuous cultures of conditionally reprogrammed (CR) normal and prostate cancer (PCa) cells derived from treatment-naive patients with primary PCa. RESULTS Using the transcriptomic data from two matched pairs of benign and tumor-derived CR cells, we constructed drug networks to describe the biological perturbation associated with each prostate cell subtype at multiple levels of biological action. We prioritized the drugs by analyzing these networks for statistical coincidence with the drug action networks originating from known and predicted drug-protein targets. Prioritized drugs shared between the two patients' PCa cells included carfilzomib (CFZ), bortezomib (BTZ), sulforaphane, and phenethyl isothiocyanate. The effects of these compounds were then tested in the CR cells, in vitro. We observed that the IC50 values of the normal PCa CR cells for CFZ and BTZ were higher than their matched tumor CR cells. Transcriptomic analysis of CFZ-treated CR cells revealed that genes involved in cell proliferation, proteases, and downstream targets of serine proteases were inhibited while KLK7 and KLK8 were induced in the tumor-derived CR cells. CONCLUSIONS Given that the drugs in the database are extremely well-characterized and that the patient-derived cells are easily scalable for high throughput drug screening, this combined in vitro and in silico approach may significantly advance personalized PCa treatment and for other cancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Naeem
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashington DC
- Ministry of Public HealthDohaQatar
| | - Sivanesan Dakshanamurthy
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashington DC
| | - Henry Walthieu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashington DC
| | - Erika Parasido
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashington DC
| | - Maria Avantaggiati
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashington DC
| | - Lucas Tricoli
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research InstituteNorth Carolina Central UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research InstituteNorth Carolina Central UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Richard J. Lee
- Department of MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer CenterBostonMassachusetts
| | - Adam Feldman
- Department of MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer CenterBostonMassachusetts
| | | | - Stephen Byers
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashington DC
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashington DC
- Center for Translational ImagingGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashington DC
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashington DC
- Center for Translational ImagingGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashington DC
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9
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Zhong M, Fu L. Culture and application of conditionally reprogrammed primary tumor cells. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2020; 8:224-233. [PMID: 32665854 PMCID: PMC7333928 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is still a major public-health problem that threatens human life worldwide and further study needs to be carried out in the basic and preclinical areas. Although high-throughput sequencing technology and individualized precise therapy have made breakthroughs over the years, the high failure rate of clinical translational research has limited the innovation of antitumor drugs and triggered the urgent need for optimal cancer-research models. The development of cancerous cell lines, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, and organoid has strongly promoted the development of tumor-biology research, but the prediction values are limited. Conditional reprogramming (CR) is a novel cell-culture method for cancer research combining feeder cells with a Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, which enables the rapid and continuous proliferation of primary epithelial cells. In this review, we summarize the methodology to establish CR model and overview recent functions and applications of CR cell-culture models in cancer research with regard to the study of cancer-biology characterization, the exploration of therapeutic targets, individualized drug screening, the illumination of mechanisms about response to antitumor drugs, and the improvement of patient-derived animal models, and finally discuss in detail the major limitations of this cell-culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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10
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Liu W, Ju L, Cheng S, Wang G, Qian K, Liu X, Xiao Y, Wang X. Conditional reprogramming: Modeling urological cancer and translation to clinics. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e95. [PMID: 32508060 PMCID: PMC7403683 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived models, including cell models (organoids and conditionally reprogrammed cells [CRCs]) and patient-derived xenografts, are urgently needed for both basic and translational cancer research. Conditional reprogramming (CR) technique refers to a co-culture system of primary human normal or tumor cells with irradiated murine fibroblasts in the presence of a Rho-associated kinase inhibitor to allow the primary cells to acquire stem cell properties and the ability to proliferate indefinitely in vitro without any exogenous gene or viral transfection. Considering its robust features, the CR technique may facilitate cancer research in many aspects. Under in vitro culturing, malignant CRCs can share certain genetic aberrations and tumor phenotypes with their parental specimens. Thus, tumor CRCs can promisingly be utilized for the study of cancer biology, the discovery of novel therapies, and the promotion of precision medicine. For normal CRCs, the characteristics of normal karyotype maintenance and lineage commitment suggest their potential in toxicity testing and regenerative medicine. In this review, we discuss the applications, limitations, and future potential of CRCs in modeling urological cancer and translation to clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of UrologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lingao Ju
- Department of Biological RepositoriesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei ProvinceWuhanChina
| | - Songtao Cheng
- Department of UrologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological RepositoriesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei ProvinceWuhanChina
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Biological RepositoriesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei ProvinceWuhanChina
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of UrologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of Biological RepositoriesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei ProvinceWuhanChina
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of UrologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Medical Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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11
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Ebadollahi SH, Pouramir M, Zabihi E, Golpour M, Aghajanpour-Mir M. The Effect of Arbutin on The Expression of Tumor Suppressor P53, BAX/BCL-2 Ratio and Oxidative Stress Induced by Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide in Fibroblast and LNcap Cell Lines. CELL JOURNAL 2020; 22:532-541. [PMID: 32347047 PMCID: PMC7211292 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.6902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective Arbutin (p-hydroxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside) possesses beneficial functions including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anti-tumoral activities. Due to the important role of oxidative stress and apoptosis in the successful treatment of cancer, understanding mechanisms that lead to apoptosis in cancer cells, is essential. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of arbutin on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative stress and the related mechanisms in fibroblast and Lymph Node Carcinoma of the Prostate (LNCaP) cells. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, the LNCaP and fibroblast cell lines were pre-treated with arbutin (50, 250 and 1000 μM). After 24 hours, t-BHP (30 and 35 μM) was added to the cells. Viability was measured (at 24 and 48 hours) using MTT assay. The antioxidant effect of arbutin was measured by FRAP assay. The mRNA expression of P53 and BAX/BCL-2 ratio were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The percentage of apoptotic or necrotic cells was determined using a double staining annexin V fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) apoptosis detection kit. Results Arbutin pre-treatment increased the total antioxidative power and cell viability in the MTT assay and reduced BAX/BCL-2 ratio, P53 mRNA expression and necrosis in fibroblasts exposed to the oxidative agent (P<0.001). In addition, our results showed that arbutin can decrease cell viability, induce apoptosis and increase BAX/BCL-2 ratio in LNCaP cells at some specific concentrations (P<0.001). Conclusion Arbutin as a potential functional β-D-glucopyranoside has strong ability to selectively protect fibroblasts against t-BHP-induced cell damage and induce apoptosis in LNCaP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hima Ebadollahi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahdi Pouramir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Electronic Address: .,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Zabihi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Monireh Golpour
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohsen Aghajanpour-Mir
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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12
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Parasido E, Avetian GS, Naeem A, Graham G, Pishvaian M, Glasgow E, Mudambi S, Lee Y, Ihemelandu C, Choudhry M, Peran I, Banerjee PP, Avantaggiati ML, Bryant K, Baldelli E, Pierobon M, Liotta L, Petricoin E, Fricke ST, Sebastian A, Cozzitorto J, Loots GG, Kumar D, Byers S, Londin E, DiFeo A, Narla G, Winter J, Brody JR, Rodriguez O, Albanese C. The Sustained Induction of c-MYC Drives Nab-Paclitaxel Resistance in Primary Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1815-1827. [PMID: 31164413 PMCID: PMC6726538 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive disease with limited and, very often, ineffective medical and surgical therapeutic options. The treatment of patients with advanced unresectable PDAC is restricted to systemic chemotherapy, a therapeutic intervention to which most eventually develop resistance. Recently, nab-paclitaxel (n-PTX) has been added to the arsenal of first-line therapies, and the combination of gemcitabine and n-PTX has modestly prolonged median overall survival. However, patients almost invariably succumb to the disease, and little is known about the mechanisms underlying n-PTX resistance. Using the conditionally reprogrammed (CR) cell approach, we established and verified continuously growing cell cultures from treatment-naïve patients with PDAC. To study the mechanisms of primary drug resistance, nab-paclitaxel-resistant (n-PTX-R) cells were generated from primary cultures and drug resistance was verified in vivo, both in zebrafish and in athymic nude mouse xenograft models. Molecular analyses identified the sustained induction of c-MYC in the n-PTX-R cells. Depletion of c-MYC restored n-PTX sensitivity, as did treatment with either the MEK inhibitor, trametinib, or a small-molecule activator of protein phosphatase 2a. IMPLICATIONS: The strategies we have devised, including the patient-derived primary cells and the unique, drug-resistant isogenic cells, are rapid and easily applied in vitro and in vivo platforms to better understand the mechanisms of drug resistance and for defining effective therapeutic options on a patient by patient basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Parasido
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - George S Avetian
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Aisha Naeem
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Garrett Graham
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Michael Pishvaian
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Eric Glasgow
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Shaila Mudambi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Yichien Lee
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Chukwuemeka Ihemelandu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Muhammad Choudhry
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Ivana Peran
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Partha P Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Maria Laura Avantaggiati
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Kirsten Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Elisa Baldelli
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Mariaelena Pierobon
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Lance Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Emanuel Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Stanley T Fricke
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Aimy Sebastian
- Biology and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - Joseph Cozzitorto
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gabriela G Loots
- Biology and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (JLC-BBRI), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Stephen Byers
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Eric Londin
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Analisa DiFeo
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jordan Winter
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
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13
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Zhao Y, Bai J, Luo Q, Zhang JY, Xu JR, Duan JL, Yan YA, Wu LM, Lu WL. Electric charge conversable drug liposomes enable to enhance treatment efficacy of breast cancer. PRECISION NANOMEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.33218/prnano2(3).190608.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic drug resistance has been demonstrated in different types of breast cancer cells, leading to the recurrence of disease after treatment. Here, we report a functional drug liposome that enables electric charge conversion in the weak acidic milieu of cancer to enhance the treatment efficacy of different breast cancers. The functional drug liposomes were developed by encapsulating daunorubicin and rofecoxib, and modified with new functional material, D-alpha tocopherol acid succinate-polyethylene glycol-glutarate (TPGS1000-glutarate). The results demonstrated that the liposomes promoted the effects of cellular uptake and lysosomal escape, followed by targeting the mitochondria. Consequently, the electric charge conversable drug liposomes significantly enhanced the treatment efficacy by initiating a cascade of reactions through inducing autophagy and apoptosis in different breast cancer cells. In conclusion, the electric charge conversable drug liposomes enable to enhance treatment efficacy of different breast cancers, and hence the study could offer a broadly applicable strategy to enhance efficacy against heterogeneous and refractory cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University,
| | - Jing Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University,
| | - Qian Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University,
| | - Jing-Ying Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University,
| | - Jia-Rui Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University,
| | - Jia-Lun Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University,
| | - YAn Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University,
| | - Li-Ming Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University,
| | - Wan-Liang Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University,
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14
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Choudhary S, Ramasundaram P, Dziopa E, Mannion C, Kissin Y, Tricoli L, Albanese C, Lee W, Zilberberg J. Human ex vivo 3D bone model recapitulates osteocyte response to metastatic prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17975. [PMID: 30568232 PMCID: PMC6299475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among American men. Unfortunately, there is no cure once the tumor is established within the bone niche. Although osteocytes are master regulators of bone homeostasis and remodeling, their role in supporting PCa metastases remains poorly defined. This is largely due to a lack of suitable ex vivo models capable of recapitulating the physiological behavior of primary osteocytes. To address this need, we integrated an engineered bone tissue model formed by 3D-networked primary human osteocytes, with conditionally reprogrammed (CR) primary human PCa cells. CR PCa cells induced a significant increase in the expression of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) by osteocytes. The expression of the Wnt inhibitors sclerostin and dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1), exhibited contrasting trends, where sclerostin decreased while Dkk-1 increased. Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was induced with a concomitant increase in mineralization, consistent with the predominantly osteoblastic PCa-bone metastasis niche seen in patients. Lastly, we confirmed that traditional 2D culture failed to reproduce these key responses, making the use of our ex vivo engineered human 3D bone tissue an ideal platform for modeling PCa-bone interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Choudhary
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA
| | - Poornema Ramasundaram
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Eugenia Dziopa
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Ciaran Mannion
- Department of Pathology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Yair Kissin
- Insall Scott Kelly Institute for Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA.,Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucas Tricoli
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christopher Albanese
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA
| | - Jenny Zilberberg
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ, USA.
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15
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Pandey S, Bourn J, Cekanova M. Mutations of p53 decrease sensitivity to the anthracycline treatments in bladder cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28514-28531. [PMID: 29983877 PMCID: PMC6033348 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to doxorubicin (Dox) cardiotoxicity, the next generation of novel non-cardiotoxic anthracyclines, including AD 312 and AD 198, were synthesized and validated. In this study, we assessed the efficacy and mechanisms of anthracyclines-induced apoptosis and inhibition of cell viability in human bladder cancer cells expressing wild-type (wt) p53 (RT4 and SW780) and mutated (mt) p53 (UM-UC-3, 5637, T-24, J82, and TCCSUP) protein. Anthracyclines inhibited cell viability in tested TCC cells, but were less effective in mt-p53 TCC cells, especially in the drug-resistant J82 and TCCSUP cells. Anthracyclines upregulated the expression of wt p53 protein in RT4 and SW780 cells, but had no effect on expression of mt p53 protein in UM-UC-3, 5637, T-24, J82, and TCCSUP cells. The anthracyclines activated caspase 3/7 and cleavage of PARP in wt-p53 RT4 and SW780 cells, and mt-p53 5637, UM-UC-3, and T-24, but not in mt-p53 J82 and TCCSUP cells. The anthracyclines-induced cleavage of PARP was blocked by p53 siRNA in wt-p53 RT4 cells. Co-treatment of AD 198 with PRIMA-1 significantly inhibited cell viability of mt-p53 J82 cells, but had no effect in wt-p53 RT4 cells. AD 198 blocked c-myc expression in mt-p53 UM-UC-3, 5637, T-24, and J82 cells, however no expression of c-myc was detected in wt-p53 RT4 and SW780 cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the anthracycline-induced resistance in bladder cancer cells positively correlated with TP53 mutations in the tetramerization domain in J82 and TCCSUP cells. Further, AD 312 and AD 198 are promising chemotherapeutic drugs for bladder cancer, especially in combination with PRIMA-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sony Pandey
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Jennifer Bourn
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.,UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Maria Cekanova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.,UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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16
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Simabuco FM, Morale MG, Pavan IC, Morelli AP, Silva FR, Tamura RE. p53 and metabolism: from mechanism to therapeutics. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23780-23823. [PMID: 29805774 PMCID: PMC5955117 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor cell changes itself and its microenvironment to adapt to different situations, including action of drugs and other agents targeting tumor control. Therefore, metabolism plays an important role in the activation of survival mechanisms to keep the cell proliferative potential. The Warburg effect directs the cellular metabolism towards an aerobic glycolytic pathway, despite the fact that it generates less adenosine triphosphate than oxidative phosphorylation; because it creates the building blocks necessary for cell proliferation. The transcription factor p53 is the master tumor suppressor; it binds to more than 4,000 sites in the genome and regulates the expression of more than 500 genes. Among these genes are important regulators of metabolism, affecting glucose, lipids and amino acids metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and growth factors signaling. Wild-type and mutant p53 may have opposing effects in the expression of these metabolic genes. Therefore, depending on the p53 status of the cell, drugs that target metabolism may have different outcomes and metabolism may modulate drug resistance. Conversely, induction of p53 expression may regulate differently the tumor cell metabolism, inducing senescence, autophagy and apoptosis, which are dependent on the regulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and/or ROS induction. The interplay between p53 and metabolism is essential in the decision of cell fate and for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando M. Simabuco
- Laboratory of Functional Properties in Foods, School of Applied Sciences (FCA), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian G. Morale
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isadora C.B. Pavan
- Laboratory of Functional Properties in Foods, School of Applied Sciences (FCA), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P. Morelli
- Laboratory of Functional Properties in Foods, School of Applied Sciences (FCA), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando R. Silva
- Laboratory of Functional Properties in Foods, School of Applied Sciences (FCA), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo E. Tamura
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Wang Y, Xu H, Lu Z, Yu X, Lv C, Tian Y, Sui D. Pseudo-Ginsenoside Rh2 induces A549 cells apoptosis via the Ras/Raf/ERK/p53 pathway. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4916-4924. [PMID: 29805515 PMCID: PMC5958631 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rh2, a major effective constituent of ginseng, has been suggested to have a pro-apoptotic effect in a variety of cancer cells. Pseudo-Ginsenside-Rh2 (pseudo-G-Rh2) is a novel derivative of ginsenoside Rh2. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of pseudo-G-Rh2 on the apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. The cytotoxicity of pseudo-G-Rh2 on A549 cells was evaluated using an MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected using DAPI staining and flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis associated proteins was identified by western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that pseudo-G-Rh2 inhibits the proliferation of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. DAPI staining revealed topical morphological changes in apoptotic bodies following pseudo-G-Rh2 treatment. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the percentage of Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate-positive cells, which are apoptotic, increased with pseudo-G-Rh2 treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, treatment with pseudo-G-Rh2 increased the level of reactive oxygen species in A549 cells as well as the activation of caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase. Pseudo-G-Rh2 treatment was observed to induce mitochondrial membrane potential loss. Furthermore, the results of western blotting revealed that B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression was significantly decreased while Bcl-2-associated X protein expression was significantly upregulated in A549 cells with pseudo-G-Rh2 treatment. Pseudo-G-Rh2-induced apoptosis was accompanied by sustained phosphorylation of Ras, Raf, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p53. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that pseudo-G-Rh2 induces mitochondrial apoptosis in A549 cells and is responsible for excessive activation of the Ras/Raf/ERK/p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Huali Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zeyuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Chen Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dayun Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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18
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Dakic A, DiVito K, Fang S, Suprynowicz F, Gaur A, Li X, Palechor-Ceron N, Simic V, Choudhury S, Yu S, Simbulan-Rosenthal CM, Rosenthal D, Schlegel R, Liu X. ROCK inhibitor reduces Myc-induced apoptosis and mediates immortalization of human keratinocytes. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66740-66753. [PMID: 27556514 PMCID: PMC5341834 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Myc/Max/Mad network plays a critical role in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis and c-Myc is overexpressed in many cancers, including HPV-positive cervical cancer cell lines. Despite the tolerance of cervical cancer keratinocytes to high Myc expression, we found that the solitary transduction of the Myc gene into primary cervical and foreskin keratinocytes induced rapid cell death. These findings suggested that the anti-apoptotic activity of E7 in cervical cancer cells might be responsible for negating the apoptotic activity of over-expressed Myc. Indeed, our earlier in vitro studies demonstrated that Myc and E7 synergize in the immortalization of keratinocytes. Since we previously postulated that E7 and the ROCK inhibitor, Y-27632, were members of the same functional pathway in cell immortalization, we tested whether Y-27632 would inhibit apoptosis induced by the over-expression of Myc. Our findings indicate that Y-27632 rapidly inhibited Myc-induced membrane blebbing and cellular apoptosis and, more generally, functioned as an inhibitor of extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of cell death. Most important, Y-27632 cooperated with Myc to immortalize keratinocytes efficiently, indicating that apoptosis is a major barrier to Myc-induced immortalization of keratinocytes. The anti-apoptotic activity of Y-27632 correlated with a reduction in p53 serine 15 phosphorylation and the consequent reduction in the expression of downstream target genes p21 and DAPK1, two genes involved in the induction of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Dakic
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA.,Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Kyle DiVito
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Shuang Fang
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA.,Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Frank Suprynowicz
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA.,Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Anirudh Gaur
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Nancy Palechor-Ceron
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA.,Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Vera Simic
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA.,Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Sujata Choudhury
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA.,Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Songtao Yu
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA.,Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Cynthia M Simbulan-Rosenthal
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Dean Rosenthal
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA.,Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA.,Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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19
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Tricoli L, Naeem A, Parasido E, Mikhaiel JP, Choudhry MU, Berry DL, Abdelgawad IA, Lee RJ, Feldman AS, Ihemelandu C, Avantaggiati M, Kumar D, Byers S, Gallagher R, Wulfkuhle J, Petricoin E, Rodriguez O, Albanese C. Characterization of the effects of defined, multidimensional culture conditions on conditionally reprogrammed primary human prostate cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:2193-2207. [PMID: 29416764 PMCID: PMC5788632 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The inability to propagate human prostate epithelial cells indefinitely has historically presented a serious impediment to prostate cancer research. The conditionally reprogrammed cell (CRC) approach uses the combination of irradiated J2 mouse fibroblasts and a Rho kinase inhibitor such as Y27632 to support the continuous culture of cells derived from most epithelial tissues, including the prostate. Due to their rapid establishment and overall ease of use, CRCs are now widely used in a variety of basic and preclinical settings. In addition, CRCs were successfully used to clinically treat respiratory papillomatosis. Although both normal and tumor-derived prostate CRCs have been used to study the basic biology of prostate cancer and to test new therapies, certain limitations exist. We have previously reported that prostate CRCs form functional prostate glands when implanted under the mouse renal capsule. However in conventional culture, the prostate CRCs exist in an adult stem-like, transient amplifying state and consequently do not adequately recapitulate several important features of a differentiated prostate epithelium. To address these limitations, we previously described a transwell dish-based model that supported the culturing of prostate CRCs and the collection of cells and cell extracts for molecular and genetic analyses. Using normal and tumor-derived prostate CRCs, we describe the combined effects of the multi-dimensional transwell platform and defined culture media on prostate cellular proliferation, differentiation and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Tricoli
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aisha Naeem
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Erika Parasido
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John P. Mikhaiel
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Muhammad Umer Choudhry
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Deborah L. Berry
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Richard J. Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam S. Feldman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chukwuemeka Ihemelandu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Maria Avantaggiati
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephen Byers
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rosa Gallagher
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Julia Wulfkuhle
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Emanuel Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Preclinical Imaging Research Laboratory, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Preclinical Imaging Research Laboratory, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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20
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Croglio MP, Haake JM, Ryan CP, Wang VS, Lapier J, Schlarbaum JP, Dayani Y, Artuso E, Prandi C, Koltai H, Agama K, Pommier Y, Chen Y, Tricoli L, LaRocque JR, Albanese C, Yarden RI. Analogs of the novel phytohormone, strigolactone, trigger apoptosis and synergize with PARP inhibitors by inducing DNA damage and inhibiting DNA repair. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13984-4001. [PMID: 26910887 PMCID: PMC4924693 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones are a novel class of plant hormones produced in roots that regulate shoot and root development. We previously reported that strigolactone analogs (SLs) induce G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a variety of human cancer cells and inhibit tumor growth of human breast cancer xenografts in mice. SLs had no significant influences on non-transformed cells. Here we report for the first time that SLs induce DNA damage in the form of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and activate the DNA damage response signaling by inducing phosphorylation of ATM, ATR and DNA-PKcs and co-localization of the DNA damage signaling protein, 53BP1, with γH2AX nuclear foci. We further report that in addition to DSBs induction, SLs simultaneously impair DSBs repair, mostly homology-directed repair (HDR) and to a lesser extent non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). In response to SLs, RAD51, the homologous DSB repair protein, is ubiquitinated and targeted for proteasomal degradation and it fails to co-localize with γH2AX foci. Interestingly, SLs synergize with DNA damaging agents-based therapeutics. The combination of PARP inhibitors and SLs showed an especially potent synergy, but only in BRCA1-proficient cells. No synergy was observed between SLs and PARP inhibitors in BRCA1-deficient cells, supporting a role for SLs in HDR impairment. Together, our data suggest that SLs increase genome instability and cell death by a unique mechanism of inducing DNA damage and inhibiting DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Croglio
- Department of Human Science, NHS, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jefferson M Haake
- Department of Human Science, NHS, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Colin P Ryan
- Department of Human Science, NHS, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Victor S Wang
- Department of Human Science, NHS, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jennifer Lapier
- Department of Human Science, NHS, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jamie P Schlarbaum
- Department of Human Science, NHS, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Yaron Dayani
- Department of Human Science, NHS, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Emma Artuso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Hinanit Koltai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Keli Agama
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucas Tricoli
- The Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jeannine R LaRocque
- Department of Human Science, NHS, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Christopher Albanese
- The Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA.,Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Ronit I Yarden
- Department of Human Science, NHS, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA.,The Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW, Washington DC, USA
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21
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Drug-resistance in doxorubicin-resistant FL5.12 hematopoietic cells: elevated MDR1, drug efflux and side-population positive and decreased BCL2-family member expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113013-113033. [PMID: 29348885 PMCID: PMC5762570 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drug treatment can result in the emergence of drug-resistant cells. By culturing an interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent cell line, FL5.12 cells in the presence of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin, we isolated FL/Doxo cells which are multi-drug resistant. Increased levels of drug efflux were detected in FL/Doxo cells which could be inhibited by the MDR1 inhibitor verapamil but not by the MRP1 inhibitor MK571. The effects of TP53 and MEK1 were examined by infection of FL/Doxo cells with retroviruses encoding either a dominant negative TP-53 gene (FL/Doxo+ TP53 (DN) or a constitutively-activated MEK-1 gene (FL/Doxo + MEK1 (CA). Elevated MDR1 but not MRP1 mRNA transcripts were detected by quantitative RT-PCR in the drug-resistant cells while transcripts encoding anti-apoptotic genes such as: BCL2, BCLXL and MCL1 were observed at higher levels in the drug-sensitive FL5.12 cells. The percentage of cells that were side-population positive was increased in the drug-resistant cells compared to the parental line. Drug-resistance and side-positive population cells have been associated with cancer stem cells (CSC). Our studies suggest mechanisms which could allow the targeting of these molecules to prevent drug-resistance.
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22
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Mahajan AS, Sugita BM, Duttargi AN, Saenz F, Krawczyk E, McCutcheon JN, Fonseca AS, Kallakury B, Pohlmann P, Gusev Y, Cavalli LR. Genomic comparison of early-passage conditionally reprogrammed breast cancer cells to their corresponding primary tumors. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186190. [PMID: 29049316 PMCID: PMC5648156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRCs) are epithelial cells that are directly isolated from patients' specimens and propagated in vitro with feeder cells and a Rho kinase inhibitor. A number of these cells have been generated from biopsies of breast cancer patients, including ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinomas. The characterization of their genomic signatures is essential to determine their ability to reflect the natural biology of their tumors of origin. In this study, we performed the genomic characterization of six newly established invasive breast cancer CRC cultures in comparison to the original patients' primary breast tumors (PBT) from which they derived. The CRCs and corresponding PBTs were simultaneously profiled by genome-wide array-CGH, targeted next generation sequencing and global miRNA expression to determine their molecular similarities in the patterns of copy number alterations (CNAs), gene mutations and miRNA expression levels, respectively. The CRCs' epithelial cells content and ploidy levels were also evaluated by flow cytometry. A similar level of CNAs was observed in the pairs of CRCs/PBTs analyzed by array-CGH, with >95% of overlap for the most frequently affected cytobands. Consistently, targeted next generation sequencing analysis showed the retention of specific somatic variants in the CRCs as present in their original PBTs. Global miRNA profiling closely clustered the CRCs with their PBTs (Pearson Correlation, ANOVA paired test, P<0.05), indicating also similarity at the miRNA expression level; the retention of tumor-specific alterations in a subset of miRNAs in the CRCs was further confirmed by qRT-PCR. These data demonstrated that the human breast cancer CRCs of this study maintained at early passages the overall copy number, gene mutations and miRNA expression patterns of their original tumors. The further characterization of these cells by other molecular and cellular phenotypes at late cell passages, are required to further expand their use as a unique and representative ex-vivo tumor model for basic science and translational breast cancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha S. Mahajan
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Bruna M. Sugita
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Anju N. Duttargi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Francisco Saenz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Ewa Krawczyk
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Justine N. McCutcheon
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Aline S. Fonseca
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Paula Pohlmann
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Yuriy Gusev
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Luciane R. Cavalli
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Conditionally reprogrammed normal and primary tumor prostate epithelial cells: a novel patient-derived cell model for studies of human prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22741-22758. [PMID: 28009986 PMCID: PMC5410259 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that conditional reprogramming (CR) allows the establishment of patient-derived normal and tumor epithelial cell cultures from a variety of tissue types including breast, lung, colon and prostate. Using CR, we have established matched normal and tumor cultures, GUMC-29 and GUMC-30 respectively, from a patient's prostatectomy specimen. These CR cells proliferate indefinitely in vitro and retain stable karyotypes. Most importantly, only tumor-derived CR cells (GUMC-30) produced tumors in xenografted SCID mice, demonstrating maintenance of the critical tumor phenotype. Characterization of cells with DNA fingerprinting demonstrated identical patterns in normal and tumor CR cells as well as in xenografted tumors. By flow cytometry, both normal and tumor CR cells expressed basal, luminal, and stem cell markers, with the majority of the normal and tumor CR cells expressing prostate basal cell markers, CD44 and Trop2, as well as luminal marker, CD13, suggesting a transit-amplifying phenotype. Consistent with this phenotype, real time RT-PCR analyses demonstrated that CR cells predominantly expressed high levels of basal cell markers (KRT5, KRT14 and p63), and low levels of luminal markers. When the CR tumor cells were injected into SCID mice, the expression of luminal markers (AR, NKX3.1) increased significantly, while basal cell markers dramatically decreased. These data suggest that CR cells maintain high levels of proliferation and low levels of differentiation in the presence of feeder cells and ROCK inhibitor, but undergo differentiation once injected into SCID mice. Genomic analyses, including SNP and INDEL, identified genes mutated in tumor cells, including components of apoptosis, cell attachment, and hypoxia pathways. The use of matched patient-derived cells provides a unique in vitro model for studies of early prostate cancer.
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24
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Kim JH, Lee H, Shin EA, Kim DH, Choi JB, Kim SH. Implications of Bcl-2 and its interplay with other molecules and signaling pathways in prostate cancer progression. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:911-920. [PMID: 28816549 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1369044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among several genetic alterations involved in the progression of prostate cancer, B cell lymphoma gene number 2 (BCL-2) is an important target molecule in the progression of androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) after androgen ablation or castration. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of BCL-2 in prostate cancer progression remains elusive and controversial. In the current review, we discuss the critical role of BCL-2 in the carcinogenesis of prostate cancer with experimental evidences on the BCL-2 molecular networks in AIPC and androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) and subsequently suggest perspective research targeting BCL-2. Areas covered: This review focused on the molecular implications of BCL-2 in association with other molecules and signaling pathways involved in the progression and carcinogenesis of prostate cancer. Expert opinion: BCL-2 plays a pivotal role in the progression of AIPC than in ADPC since androgen represses BCL-2. BCL-2 acts as a pro-survival molecule in association with androgen-related signaling in the progression of ADPC, while BCL-2 upregulation, PTEN loss, PI3K/AKT phosphorylation and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation are primarily involved in AIPC. To identify more effective prostate cancer therapy, further mechanistic studies are required with BCL-2 inhibitors in AIPC and ADPC, considering a multi-target therapy against BCL-2 and its related signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ha Kim
- a Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Hyemin Lee
- a Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Eun Ah Shin
- a Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- b Department of East West Medical Science, Graduate School of East West Medical Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , South Korea
| | - Jhin Baek Choi
- b Department of East West Medical Science, Graduate School of East West Medical Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- a Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , South Korea
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25
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Tricoli L, Berry DL, Albanese C. A Rapid Filter Insert-based 3D Culture System for Primary Prostate Cell Differentiation. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28287583 DOI: 10.3791/55279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRCs) provide a sustainable method for primary cell culture and the ability to develop extensive "living biobanks" of patient derived cell lines. For many types of epithelial cells, various three dimensional (3D) culture approaches have been described that support an improved differentiated state. While CRCs retain their lineage commitment to the tissue from which they are isolated, they fail to express many of the differentiation markers associated with the tissue of origin when grown under normal two dimensional (2D) culture conditions. To enhance the application of patient-derived CRCs for prostate cancer research, a 3D culture format has been defined that enables a rapid (2 weeks total) luminal cell differentiation in both normal and tumor-derived prostate epithelial cells. Herein, a filter insert-based format is described for the culturing and differentiation of both normal and malignant prostate CRCs. A detailed description of the procedures required for cell collection and processing for immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining are provided. Collectively the 3D culture format described, combined with the primary CRC lines, provides an important medium- to high- throughput model system for biospecimen-based prostate research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Tricoli
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Deborah L Berry
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center;
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26
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Lim W, Park S, Bazer FW, Song G. Naringenin-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in Prostate Cancer Cells Is Mediated via the PI3K/AKT and MAPK Signaling Pathways. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1118-1131. [PMID: 27606834 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Although, various drugs targeting the androgen receptor are normally used, the patients frequently undergo recurrence of the disease. To overcome these limitations, natural compounds have been researched for evidence that they suppress progression and metastasis of various cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated effects of naringenin, a natural anti-oxidant flavonoid derived from citrus, on prostate cancer cells (PC3 and LNCaP). Results of present study with PC3 and LNCaP cells revealed that naringenin inhibited proliferation and migration, while inducing apoptosis and ROS production by those cells. In addition, naringenin-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased Bax and decreased Bcl-2 proteins in PC3 cells, but not LNCaP cells. In a dose-dependent manner, naringenin decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, P70S6K, S6, and P38 in PC3 cells, and reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, P53, P38, and JNK proteins in LNCaP cells. However, naringenin activated phosphorylation of AKT in both PC3 and LNCaP cells. Then, targeted signaling proteins associated with viability of PC3 and LNCaP cells were analyzed using pharmacological inhibitors of AKT and ERK1/2 cell signaling pathways. Moreover, we compared the apoptotic effects of naringenin and paclitaxel alone and in combination to find that naringenin enhanced the efficiency of paclitaxel to suppress progression of prostate cancer cell lines. Collectively, these results indicate that naringenin is a potential chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of prostate cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1118-1131, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whasun Lim
- Department of Biotechnology and Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Park
- Department of Biotechnology and Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843-2471, Texas
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology and Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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27
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Deng Y, Li AM, Zhao XM, Song ZJ, Liu SD. Downregulation of tumor protein 53-inducible nuclear protein 1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma correlates with poor prognosis. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:1228-1234. [PMID: 28454239 PMCID: PMC5403351 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of tumor protein 53-inducible nuclear protein 1 (TP53INP1) is upregulated in certain cancers and downregulated in others. However, its expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not clear. The present study aimed to investigate the expression and prognostic value of TP53INP1 and its association with clinicopathological parameters in HCC. TP53INP1 expression in HCC tissue samples was examined via immunohistochemistry, western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Expression was categorized as high or low. The correlations of TP53INP1 expression with clinical characteristics and patients' prognoses were determined. TP53INP1 was frequently decreased in HCC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues. This decreased expression was significantly associated with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage (P=0.014) and vascular invasion (P=0.024). Kaplan-Meier analysis further revealed that recurrence-free survival (RFS) (P=0.001) and overall survival (OS) (P=0.002) were significantly worse among patients with low TP53INP1 expression than among those with high TP53INP1 expression. In addition, multivariate analyses revealed that TP53INP1 was an independent predictor of OS [hazard ratio (HR)=2.680, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.087–6.608, P=0.032) and RFS (HR=2.284, 95% CI=1.157–4.511, P=0.017). In conclusion, the expression of TP53INP1 was decreased in HCC, and TP53INP1 downregulation was an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southern Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Haicang Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Min Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southern Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Mei Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southern Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhang-Juan Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southern Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Si-De Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southern Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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28
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Qi P, He Z, Zhang L, Fan Y, Wang Z. Rottlerin-induced autophagy leads to apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4577-4583. [PMID: 28101215 PMCID: PMC5228088 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well-established that apoptosis contributes to cancer cell death; however, the role of autophagy in cancer cell death remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of rottlerin, a traditional Indian medicine, on cell growth inhibition and autophagy in EJ human bladder carcinoma cells in vitro. Cell viability, measured by MTT assay, was found to be suppressed in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, apoptosis was significantly increased in cells treated with rottlerin, as indicated by increased annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining and changes in the cell cycle distribution that indicated blockage at G1 phase. Rottlerin treatment also enhanced the activation of autophagy, with increased expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II and the appearance of autophagosomes. The increased level of LC3-II and autophagosomes suggests that autophagy may contribute to apoptosis in these cells. In addition, no apparent alterations in the levels of pro-caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, total poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) and cleaved-PARP were observed in cells treated with rottlerin, which indicates that caspases may not serve a key role during the process of apoptosis induced by rottlerin. Therefore, the results of the present study indicate that rottlerin promotes apoptosis and arrests the cell cycle in EJ cells, which may be caused by autophagy activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Qi
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua He
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China; Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Lixiu Zhang
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Fan
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
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29
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He Z, Agostini M, Liu H, Melino G, Simon HU. p73 regulates basal and starvation-induced liver metabolism in vivo. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33178-90. [PMID: 26375672 PMCID: PMC4741757 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the p53 gene family, p73 regulates cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, neurogenesis, immunity and inflammation. Recently, p73 has been shown to transcriptionally regulate selective metabolic enzymes, such as cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutaminase-2, resulting in significant effects on metabolism, including hepatocellular lipid metabolism, glutathione homeostasis and the pentose phosphate pathway. In order to further investigate the metabolic effect of p73, here, we compared the global metabolic profile of livers from p73 knockout and wild-type mice under both control and starvation conditions. Our results show that the depletion of all p73 isoforms cause altered lysine metabolism and glycolysis, distinct patterns for glutathione synthesis and Krebs cycle, as well as an elevated pentose phosphate pathway and abnormal lipid accumulation. These results indicate that p73 regulates basal and starvation-induced fuel metabolism in the liver, a finding that is likely to be highly relevant for metabolism-associated disorders, such as diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyue He
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - He Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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30
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The p53 tumor suppressor protein protects against chemotherapeutic stress and apoptosis in human medulloblastoma cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 7:854-68. [PMID: 26540407 PMCID: PMC4637210 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB), a primitive neuroectodermal tumor, is the most common malignant childhood brain tumor and remains incurable in about a third of patients. Currently, survivors carry a significant burden of late treatment effects. The p53 tumor suppressor protein plays a crucial role in influencing cell survival in response to cellular stress and while the p53 pathway is considered a key determinant of anti-tumor responses in many tumors, its role in cell survival in MB is much less well defined. Herein, we report that the experimental drug VMY-1-103 acts through induction of a partial DNA damage-like response as well induction of non-survival autophagy. Surprisingly, the genetic or chemical silencing of p53 significantly enhanced the cytotoxic effects of both VMY and the DNA damaging drug, doxorubicin. The inhibition of p53 in the presence of VMY revealed increased late stage apoptosis, increased DNA fragmentation and increased expression of genes involved in apoptosis, including CAPN12 and TRPM8, p63, p73, BIK, EndoG, CIDEB, P27Kip1 and P21cip1. These data provide the groundwork for additional studies on VMY as a therapeutic drug and support further investigations into the intriguing possibility that targeting p53 function may be an effective means of enhancing clinical outcomes in MB.
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31
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Ke B, Tian M, Li J, Liu B, He G. Targeting Programmed Cell Death Using Small-Molecule Compounds to Improve Potential Cancer Therapy. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:983-1035. [PMID: 27357603 DOI: 10.1002/med.21398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Mao Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Gu He
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
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32
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Bhatia S, Baig NA, Timofeeva O, Pasquale EB, Hirsch K, MacDonald TJ, Dritschilo A, Lee YC, Henkemeyer M, Rood B, Jung M, Wang XJ, Kool M, Rodriguez O, Albanese C, Karam SD. Knockdown of EphB1 receptor decreases medulloblastoma cell growth and migration and increases cellular radiosensitization. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8929-46. [PMID: 25879388 PMCID: PMC4496193 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of members of the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin ligands is frequently dysregulated in medulloblastomas. We assessed the expression and functional role of EphB1 in medulloblastoma cell lines and engineered mouse models. mRNA and protein expression profiling showed expression of EphB1 receptor in the human medulloblastoma cell lines DAOY and UW228. EphB1 downregulation reduced cell growth and viability, decreased the expression of important cell cycle regulators, and increased the percentage of cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle. It also modulated the expression of proliferation, and cell survival markers. In addition, EphB1 knockdown in DAOY cells resulted in significant decrease in migration, which correlated with decreased β1-integrin expression and levels of phosphorylated Src. Furthermore, EphB1 knockdown enhanced cellular radiosensitization of medulloblastoma cells in culture and in a genetically engineered mouse medulloblastoma model. Using genetically engineered mouse models, we established that genetic loss of EphB1 resulted in a significant delay in tumor recurrence following irradiation compared to EphB1-expressing control tumors. Taken together, our findings establish that EphB1 plays a key role in medulloblastoma cell growth, viability, migration, and radiation sensitivity, making EphB1 a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Bhatia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nimrah A Baig
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Olga Timofeeva
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Kellen Hirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tobey J MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anatoly Dritschilo
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yi Chien Lee
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mark Henkemeyer
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Brian Rood
- Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Mira Jung
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marcel Kool
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pathology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sana D Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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33
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Etani T, Suzuki T, Naiki T, Naiki-Ito A, Ando R, Iida K, Kawai N, Tozawa K, Miyata N, Kohri K, Takahashi S. NCL1, a highly selective lysine-specific demethylase 1 inhibitor, suppresses prostate cancer without adverse effect. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2865-78. [PMID: 25605246 PMCID: PMC4413623 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we investigated therapeutic potential of a novel histone lysine demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitor, NCL1, in prostate cancer. Hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cells, (LNCaP) and castration resistant cancer cells (PC3 and PCai1) were treated with NCL1, and LSD1 expression and cell viability were assessed. Prostate cancer cells showed strong LSD1 expression, and cell viability was decreased by NCL1. ChIP analysis showed that NCL1 induced H3K9me2 accumulation at the promoters of androgen-responsive genes. NCL1 also induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, autophagosomes and autolysosomes were induced by NCL1 treatment in LNCaP. Furthermore, LC3-II expression was significantly increased by NCL1 and chloroquine. In mice injected subcutaneously with PCai1 and intraperitoneally with NCL1, tumor volume was reduced with no adverse effects in NCL1-treated mice. Finally, LSD1 expression in human cancer specimens was significantly higher than that in normal prostate glands. In conclusion, NCL1 effectively suppressed prostate cancer growth without adverse events. We suggest that NCL1 is a potential therapeutic agent for hormone-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Etani
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taku Naiki
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ando
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keitaro Iida
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Kawai
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tozawa
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Miyata
- Institute of Drug Discovery Science, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kohri
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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34
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Chappell WH, Abrams SL, Lertpiriyapong K, Fitzgerald TL, Martelli AM, Cocco L, Rakus D, Gizak A, Terrian D, Steelman LS, McCubrey JA. Novel roles of androgen receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, TP53, regulatory RNAs, NF-kappa-B, chromosomal translocations, neutrophil associated gelatinase, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in prostate cancer and prostate cancer stem cells. Adv Biol Regul 2015; 60:64-87. [PMID: 26525204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Approximately one in six men will be diagnosed with some form of prostate cancer in their lifetime. Over 250,000 men worldwide die annually due to complications from prostate cancer. While advancements in prostate cancer screening and therapies have helped in lowering this statistic, better tests and more effective therapies are still needed. This review will summarize the novel roles of the androgen receptor (AR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the EGFRvIII variant, TP53, long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRs), NF-kappa-B, chromosomal translocations, neutrophil associated gelatinase, (NGAL), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), the tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells (CSC) have on the diagnosis, development and treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Chappell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Stephen L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Kvin Lertpiriyapong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Timothy L Fitzgerald
- Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - David Terrian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Linda S Steelman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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35
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p53-mediated autophagic regulation: A prospective strategy for cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2015; 363:101-7. [PMID: 25896632 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a major catabolic process that degrades and recycles cytosolic components in autophagosomes, which fuse with lysosomes. This process enables starving cells to sustain their energy requirements and metabolic states, thus facilitating their survival, especially in cancer pathogenesis. The regulation of autophagy is quite intricate. It involves a series of signaling cascades including p53, known as the best-characterized tumor suppressor protein. Recent reports have indicated that p53 plays dual roles in regulating autophagy depending on its subcellular localization. Nuclear p53 facilitates autophagy by transactivating its target genes, whereas cytoplasmic p53 mainly inhibits autophagy through extranuclear, transcription-independent mechanisms. The relationship between autophagy and neoplasia is complicated. It may be intrinsically associated with the functional status of p53, but this is not clearly elucidated. This review focuses on the role of p53 as a master regulator of autophagy. We conclude that the contextual role of autophagy in cancer, which could be switched by p53 status, is expected to be developed into a new anticancer therapeutic approach.
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36
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Mikhail S, Albanese C, Pishvaian MJ. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1185-97. [PMID: 25747534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The cell cycle is a highly conserved and tightly regulated biological system that controls cellular proliferation and differentiation. The cell cycle regulatory proteins, which include the cyclins, the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and the CDK inhibitors, are critical for the proper temporal and spatial regulation of cellular proliferation. Conversely, alterations in cell cycle regulatory proteins, leading to the loss of normal cell-cycle control, are a hallmark of many cancers, including gastrointestinal cancers. Accordingly, overexpression of CDKs and cyclins and by contrast loss of CDK inhibitors, are all linked to gastrointestinal cancers and are often associated with less favorable prognoses and outcomes. Because of the importance that the cell cycle regulatory proteins play in tumorigenesis, currently there is a broad spectrum of cell-cycle inhibitors under development that, as a group, hold promise as effective cancer treatments. In support of this approach to cancer treatment, the growing availability of molecular diagnostics techniques may help in identifying patients who have driving abnormalities in the cell-cycle machinery and are thus more likely to respond to cell-cycle inhibitors. In this review, we discuss the prevalence of cell-cycle abnormalities in patients with gastrointestinal cancers and provide a preclinical and clinical overview of new agents that target cell-cycle abnormalities with a special emphasis on gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Mikhail
- James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christopher Albanese
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
| | - Michael J Pishvaian
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
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