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Naeem A, Harish V, Coste S, Parasido EM, Choudhry MU, Kromer LF, Ihemelandu C, Petricoin EF, Pierobon M, Noon MS, Yenugonda VM, Avantaggiati M, Kupfer GM, Fricke S, Rodriguez O, Albanese C. Regulation of Chemosensitivity in Human Medulloblastoma Cells by p53 and the PI3 Kinase Signaling Pathway. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:114-126. [PMID: 34635507 PMCID: PMC8738155 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In medulloblastoma, p53 expression has been associated with chemoresistance and radiation resistance and with poor long-term outcomes in the p53-mutated sonic hedgehog, MYC-p53, and p53-positive medulloblastoma subgroups. We previously established a direct role for p53 in supporting drug resistance in medulloblastoma cells with high basal protein expression levels (D556 and DAOY). We now show that p53 genetic suppression in medulloblastoma cells with low basal p53 protein expression levels (D283 and UW228) significantly reduced drug responsiveness, suggesting opposing roles for low p53 protein expression levels. Mechanistically, the enhanced cell death by p53 knockdown in high-p53 cells was associated with an induction of mTOR/PI3K signaling. Both mTOR inhibition and p110α/PIK3CA induction confirmed these findings, which abrogated or accentuated the enhanced chemosensitivity response in D556 cells respectively while converse was seen in D283 cells. Co-treatment with G-actin-sequestering peptide, thymosin β4 (Tβ4), induced p-AKTS473 in both p53-high and p53-low cells, enhancing chemosensitivity in D556 cells while enhancing chemoresistance in D283 and UW228 cells. IMPLICATIONS: Collectively, we identified an unexpected role for the PI3K signaling in enhancing cell death in medulloblastoma cells with high basal p53 expression. These studies indicate that levels of p53 immunopositivity may serve as a diagnostic marker of chemotherapy resistance and for defining therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Naeem
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Health Research Governance Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varsha Harish
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Sophie Coste
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Erika M. Parasido
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Muhammad Umer Choudhry
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Lawrence F. Kromer
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Chukuemeka Ihemelandu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Emanuel F. Petricoin
- George Mason University, Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Mariaelena Pierobon
- George Mason University, Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Manassas, Virginia
| | | | | | - Maria Avantaggiati
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Gary M. Kupfer
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Stanley Fricke
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Corresponding Author: Chris Albanese, Department of OncologyGeorgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Cancer Center, NRB W417, Washington, DC 20007. Phone: 202-687-3305; E-mail:
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Allnutt AB, Waters AK, Kesari S, Yenugonda VM. Physiological and Pathological Roles of Cdk5: Potential Directions for Therapeutic Targeting in Neurodegenerative Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1218-1230. [PMID: 32286796 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a proline-directed serine (ser)/threonine (Thr) kinase that has been demonstrated to be one of the most functionally diverse kinases within neurons. Cdk5 is regulated via binding with its neuron-specific regulatory subunits, p35 or p39. Cdk5-p35 activity is critical for a variety of developmental and cellular processes in the brain, including neuron migration, memory formation, microtubule regulation, and cell cycle suppression. Aberrant activation of Cdk5 via the truncated p35 byproduct, p25, is implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. The present review highlights the importance of Cdk5 activity and function in the brain and demonstrates how deregulation of Cdk5 can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Additionally, we cover past drug discovery attempts at inhibiting Cdk5-p25 activity and discuss which types of targeting strategies may prove to be the most successful moving forward.
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3
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Yenugonda VM, Waters A, Yadavalli S, Marzese D, Senugupta S, Nurmammadov E, Quan Y, Nomura N, Allnutt A, Kesari S. Abstract P5-05-12: Small molecule targeting regulated cell death pathways in treating triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs19-p5-05-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The absence of hormone and Her2 receptor expression in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) precludes the use of targeted therapy available for other breast cancer subtypes, and cytotoxic chemotherapy such as paclitaxel and doxorubicin remains the mainstay of treatment for TNBC. However, patients with TNBC have higher relapse rates, with residual disease after chemotherapy and shorter overall survival, leaving space for further improvement beyond these cytotoxic chemotherapies. We have identified a new chemical entity, VMY- BC-1, that potently blocks growth in TNBC cell lines compared to other breast cancer subgroups or normal-like breast epithelial cells. Our molecule reduces invasion and induces apoptosis in TNBC cell lines. VMY-BC-1 is orally bioavailable and has promising pharmacological properties, and has demonstrated TNBC growth inhibition in vivo. Quantitative proteomics with tandem mass tag (TMT) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) identified significantly altered pathways upon treatment with VMY-BC-1 in the human TNBC cell line, MDA-MB-231. These include activation of the apoptosis, autophagy, and DNA damage pathways, and inhibition of the mTOR1, PI3K, and AKT pathways (Z score = 0.156, p value =1.97E-10). Thermal proteome profiling (TPP) analysis identified proteins interacting with VMY-BC-1 that relate to activated autophagy and DNA damage pathways, such as UNC-51 like kinase 1 (ULK1) and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM). Importantly, in line with our in vitro observations, in addition to a significantly lower expression of ULK1 on TNBC (T-test; p value = 2.127E-10), we observed that patients with tumors with high ULK1 expression have a larger relapse-free survival (n=3,951; HR=0.77 [0.69-0.86]; log rank; p=5.1E-06). Moreover, our small molecules activated autophagy mediated signaling pathways through ULK1 phosphorylation. These data suggest that autophagy and DNA damage pathways could be therapeutically targeted in TNBC.
Citation Format: Venkata Mahidhar Yenugonda, Ariana Waters, Sivaramakrishna Yadavalli, Diego Marzese, Surojeet Senugupta, Elmar Nurmammadov, Yueqin Quan, Natsuko Nomura, Annamarie Allnutt, Santosh Kesari. Small molecule targeting regulated cell death pathways in treating triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-05-12.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yueqin Quan
- 1John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA
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4
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Mukherjee A, Waters AK, Babic I, Nurmemmedov E, Glassy MC, Kesari S, Yenugonda VM. Antibody drug conjugates: Progress, pitfalls, and promises. Hum Antibodies 2019; 27:53-62. [PMID: 30223393 DOI: 10.3233/hab-180348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising and an efficient strategy for targeted cancer therapy. Comprised of a monoclonal antibody, a cytotoxic drug, and a linker, ADCs offer tumor selectively, reduced toxicity, and improved stability in systemic circulation. Recent approvals of two ADCs have led to a resurgence in ADC research, with more than 60 ADCs under various stages of clinical development. The therapeutic success of future ADCs is dependent on adherence to key requirements of their design and careful selection of the target antigen on cancer cells. Here we review the main components in the design of antibody drug conjugates, improvements made, and lessons learned over two decades of research, as well as the future of third generation ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubhab Mukherjee
- Drug Discovery and Nanomedicine Research Program, CA-90404, USA.,Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA-90404, USA
| | - Ariana K Waters
- Drug Discovery and Nanomedicine Research Program, CA-90404, USA.,Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA-90404, USA
| | - Ivan Babic
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA-90404, USA
| | - Elmar Nurmemmedov
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA-90404, USA
| | - Mark C Glassy
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Nascent Biotech, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA-90404, USA
| | - Venkata Mahidhar Yenugonda
- Drug Discovery and Nanomedicine Research Program, CA-90404, USA.,Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA-90404, USA
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Mukherjee A, Waters AK, Kalyan P, Achrol AS, Kesari S, Yenugonda VM. Lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles as a next-generation drug delivery platform: state of the art, emerging technologies, and perspectives. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1937-1952. [PMID: 30936695 PMCID: PMC6430183 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s198353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) are next-generation core-shell nanostructures, conceptually derived from both liposome and polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), where a polymer core remains enveloped by a lipid layer. Although they have garnered significant interest, they remain not yet widely exploited or ubiquitous. Recently, a fundamental transformation has occurred in the preparation of LPHNPs, characterized by a transition from a two-step to a one-step strategy, involving synchronous self-assembly of polymers and lipids. Owing to its two-in-one structure, this approach is of particular interest as a combinatorial drug delivery platform in oncology. In particular, the outer surface can be decorated in multifarious ways for active targeting of anticancer therapy, delivery of DNA or RNA materials, and use as a diagnostic imaging agent. This review will provide an update on recent key advancements in design, synthesis, and bioactivity evaluation as well as discussion of future clinical possibilities of LPHNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubhab Mukherjee
- Drug Discovery and Nanomedicine Research Program,
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA,
| | - Ariana K Waters
- Drug Discovery and Nanomedicine Research Program,
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA,
| | | | - Achal Singh Achrol
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA,
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA,
| | - Venkata Mahidhar Yenugonda
- Drug Discovery and Nanomedicine Research Program,
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA,
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6
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Kong H, Song JK, Yenugonda VM, Zhang L, Shuo T, Cheema AK, Kong Y, Du GH, Brown ML. Preclinical studies of the potent and selective nicotinic α4β2 receptor ligand VMY-2-95. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:393-402. [PMID: 25533629 PMCID: PMC4319692 DOI: 10.1021/mp5003569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
discovery and development of small molecules that antagonize
neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors may provide new ligands
for evaluation in models of depression or addiction. We discovered
a small molecule, VMY-2-95, a nAChR ligand with picomolar affinity
and high selectivity for α4β2 receptors. In this study,
we investigated its preclinical profile in regards to solubility,
lipophilicity, metabolic stability, intestinal permeability, bioavailability,
and drug delivery to the rat brain. Metabolic stability of VMY-2-95·2HCl
was monitored on human liver microsomes, and specific activity of
VMY-2-95·2HCl on substrate metabolism by CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6,
and 3A4 was tested in a high-throughput manner. The intestinal transport
of VMY-2-95·2HCl was studied through Caco-2 cell monolayer permeability.
VMY-2-95·2HCl was soluble in water and chemically stable, and
the apparent partition coefficient was 0.682. VMY-2-95·2HCl showed
significant inhibition of CYP2C9 and 2C19, but weak or no effect on
1A2, 2D6, and 3A4. The Caco-2 cell model studies revealed that VMY-2-95·2HCl
was highly permeable with efflux ratio of 1.11. VMY-2-95·2HCl
achieved a maximum serum concentration of 0.56 mg/mL at 0.9 h and
was orally available with a half-life of ∼9 h. Furthermore,
VMY-2-95·2HCl was detected in the rat brain after 3 mg/kg oral
administration and achieved a maximal brain tissue concentration of
2.3 μg/g within 60 min. Overall, the results demonstrate that
VMY-2-95·2HCl has good drug like properties and can penetrate
the blood–brain barrier with oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesik Kong
- Department of Oncology, ‡Center for Drug Discovery, and §Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center , 3970 Reservoir Road, Washington D.C. 20057, United States
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Levin ED, Sexton HG, Gordon K, Gordon CJ, Xiao Y, Kellar KJ, Yenugonda VM, Liu Y, White MP, Paige M, Brown ML, Rezvani AH. Effects of the sazetidine-a family of compounds on the body temperature in wildtype, nicotinic receptor β2-/- and α7-/- mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 718:167-72. [PMID: 24036108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine elicits hypothermic responses in rodents. This effect appears to be related to nicotinic receptor desensitization because sazetidine-A, an α4β2 nicotinic receptor desensitizing agent, produces marked hypothermia and potentiates nicotine-induced hypothermia in mice. To determine the specificity of sazetidine-A induced hypothermia to β2 subunit-containing nicotinic receptors, we tested its efficacy in β2 knockout (β2(-/-)) mice. These effects were compared with wildtype (WT) and α7 knockout (α7(-/-)) mice. Confirming our earlier results, sazetidine-A elicited a pronounced and long-lasting hypothermia in WT mice. In comparison, sazetidine-A induced a much attenuated and shorter hypothermic response in β2(-/-) mice. This indicates that the greater proportion of sazetidine-A induced hypothermia is mediated via actions on β2-containing nicotinic receptors, while a smaller component of hypothermia induced by sazetidine-A is mediated by non-β2 receptors. Similar to WT mice, α7(-/-) mice showed the full extent of the sazetidine-A effect, suggesting that the hypothermia produced by sazetidine-A did not depend on actions on α7 nicotinic receptor subtype. Three other novel nicotinic receptor desensitizing agents derived from sazetidine-A, triazetidine-O, VMY-2-95 and YL-1-127 also produced hypothermia in WT and α7(-/-) mice. Furthermore, unlike sazetidine-A, triazetidine-O and YL-1-127 did not show any hint of a hypothermic effect in β2(-/-) mice. VMY-2-95 like sazetidine-A did show a residual hypothermic effect in the β2(-/-) mice. These studies show that the hypothermic effects of sazetidine-A and the related compound VMY-2-95 are mainly mediated by nicotinic receptors containing β2 subunit, but that a small component of the effect is apparently mediated by non-β2 containing receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Levin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, USA.
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Liu Y, Richardson J, Tran T, Al-Muhtasib N, Xie T, Yenugonda VM, Sexton HG, Rezvani AH, Levin ED, Sahibzada N, Kellar KJ, Brown ML, Xiao Y, Paige M. Chemistry and pharmacological studies of 3-alkoxy-2,5-disubstituted-pyridinyl compounds as novel selective α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands that reduce alcohol intake in rats. J Med Chem 2013; 56:3000-11. [PMID: 23540678 DOI: 10.1021/jm4000374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal acetylcholine receptors mediate the addictive effects of nicotine and may also be involved in alcohol addiction. Varenicline, an approved smoking cessation medication, showed clear efficacy in reducing alcohol consumption in heavy-drinking smokers. More recently, sazetidine-A, which selectively desensitizes α4β2 nicotinic receptors, was shown to significantly reduce alcohol intake in a rat model. To develop novel therapeutics for treating alcohol use disorder, we designed and synthesized novel sazetidine-A analogues containing a methyl group at the 2-position of the pyridine ring. In vitro pharmacological studies revealed that some of the novel compounds showed overall pharmacological property profiles similar to that of sazetidine-A but exhibited reduced agonist activity across all nicotinic receptor subtypes tested. In rat studies, compound (S)-9 significantly reduced alcohol uptake. More importantly, preliminary results from studies in a ferret model indicate that these novel nAChR ligands have an improved adverse side-effect profile in comparison with that of varenicline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Center for Drug Discovery, Georgetown University Medical Center , Research Building EP07, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC 20057, United States
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9
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Yenugonda VM, Kong Y, Deb TB, Yang Y, Riggins RB, Brown ML. Trans-resveratrol boronic acid exhibits enhanced anti-proliferative activity on estrogen-dependent MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:925-34. [PMID: 22785207 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.20845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV), a natural compound present in the skin and seeds of red grapes, is considered a phytoestrogen and has structural similarity to the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol. RSV inhibits tumor cell growth in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and negative (ER-) breast cancer cell lines resulting in cell specific regulation of the G1/S and G2/M stages of the cell cycle. However apoptotic cell death was only observed in ER+ MCF-7 cells. In this study, we designed and synthesized boronic acid derivative of RSV and evaluated their biological effects on ER+ MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The trans-4 analog inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells and is not a substrate for p-glycoprotein. The trans-4 analog induces G1 cell cycle arrest, which coincides with marked inhibition of G1 cell cycle proteins and a greater pro-apoptotic effect. Finally, the trans-4 analog had no effect on the estrogen-stimulated growth of MCF-7 cells. Our results demonstrate that the trans-4 analog inhibits MCF-7 breast cancer cells by a different mechanism of action than that of RSV (S-phase arrest), and provides a new class of novel boronic acids of RSV that inhibit breast cancer cell growth.
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Yenugonda VM, Deb TB, Grindrod SC, Dakshanamurthy S, Yang Y, Paige M, Brown ML. Fluorescent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors block the proliferation of human breast cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2714-25. [PMID: 21440449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are an emerging class of drugs for the treatment of cancers. CDK inhibitors are currently under evaluation in clinical trials as single agents and as sensitizers in combination with radiation therapy and chemotherapies. Drugs that target CDKs could have important inhibitory effects on cancer cell cycle progression, an extremely important mechanism in the control of cancer cell growth. Using rational drug design, we designed and synthesized fluorescent CDK inhibitors (VMY-1-101 and VMY-1-103) based on a purvalanol B scaffold. The new agents demonstrated more potent CDK inhibitory activity, enhanced induction of G2/M arrest and modest apoptosis as compared to purvalanol B. Intracellular imaging of the CDK inhibitor distribution was performed to reveal drug retention in the cytoplasm of treated breast cancer cells. In human breast cancer tissue, the compounds demonstrated increased binding as compared to the fluorophore. The new fluorescent CDK inhibitors showed undiminished activity in multidrug resistance (MDR) positive breast cancer cells, indicating that they are not a substrate for p-glycoprotein. Fluorescent CDK inhibitors offer potential as novel theranostic agents, combining therapeutic and diagnostic properties in the same molecule.
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Ringer L, Sirajuddin P, Yenugonda VM, Ghosh A, Divito K, Trabosh V, Patel Y, Brophy A, Grindrod S, Lisanti MP, Rosenthal D, Brown ML, Avantaggiati ML, Rodriguez O, Albanese C. VMY-1-103, a dansylated analog of purvalanol B, induces caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2010; 10:320-5. [PMID: 20574155 PMCID: PMC3040852 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.10.4.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine group of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors have the potential to be clinically relevant inhibitors of cancer cell proliferation. We have recently designed and synthesized a novel dansylated analog of purvalanol B, termed VMY-1-103, that inhibited cell cycle progression in breast cancer cell lines more effectively than did purvalanol B and allowed for uptake analyses by fluorescence microscopy. ErbB-2 plays an important role in the regulation of signal transduction cascades in a number of epithelial tumors, including prostate cancer (PCa). Our previous studies demonstrated that transgenic expression of activated ErbB-2 in the mouse prostate initiated PCa and either the overexpression of ErbB-2 or the addition of the ErbB-2/ErbB-3 ligand, heregulin (HRG), induced cell cycle progression in the androgen-responsive prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP. In the present study, we tested the efficacy of VMY-1-103 in inhibiting HRG-induced cell proliferation in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. At concentrations as low as 1 μM, VMY-1-103 increased both the proportion of cells in G(1) and p21(CIP1) protein levels. At higher concentrations (5 μM or 10 μM), VMY-1-103 induced apoptosis via decreased mitochondrial membrane polarity and induction of p53 phosphorylation, caspase-3 activity and PARP cleavage. Treatment with 10 μM Purvalanol B failed to either influence proliferation or induce apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that VMY-1-103 was more effective in inducing apoptosis in PCa cells than its parent compound, purvalanol B, and support the testing of VMY-1-103 as a potential small molecule inhibitor of prostate cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lymor Ringer
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington, DC USA
| | - Paul Sirajuddin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington, DC USA
| | - Venkata Mahidhar Yenugonda
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington, DC USA
- Drug Discovery Program; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington, DC USA
| | - Anup Ghosh
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington, DC USA
| | - Kyle Divito
- Drug Discovery Program; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington, DC USA
| | - Valerie Trabosh
- Drug Discovery Program; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington, DC USA
| | - Yesha Patel
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington, DC USA
| | - Amanda Brophy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington, DC USA
| | - Scott Grindrod
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington, DC USA
- Drug Discovery Program; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington, DC USA
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Kimmel Cancer Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Dean Rosenthal
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington, DC USA
- Drug Discovery Program; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington, DC USA
| | - Milton L Brown
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington, DC USA
- Drug Discovery Program; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington, DC USA
| | - Maria Laura Avantaggiati
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington, DC USA
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington, DC USA
| | - Chris Albanese
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington, DC USA
- Department of Pathology; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington, DC USA
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Hwang SH, Rait A, Pirollo KF, Zhou Q, Yenugonda VM, Chinigo GM, Brown ML, Chang EH. Tumor-targeting nanodelivery enhances the anticancer activity of a novel quinazolinone analogue. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:559-68. [PMID: 18347143 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
GMC-5-193 (GMC) is a novel anticancer small-molecule quinazolinone analogue with properties that include antimicrotubule activity and inherent fluorescence. The aim of this study was to produce and optimize a systemically administered liposomal formulation for tumor-targeting delivery of GMC to enhance the anticancer effect of this compound and evaluate its bioefficacy. GMC was encapsulated within a cationic liposome, which was decorated on the surface with an anti-transferrin receptor single-chain antibody fragment (TfRscFv) as the tumor-targeting moiety to form a nanoscale complex (scL/GMC). Confocal imaging of fluorescent GMC uptake in a human melanoma cell line, MDA-MB-435, showed higher cellular uptake of GMC when delivered via the liposome complex compared with free GMC. Delivery of GMC by the tumor-targeting liposome nanoimmunocomplex also resulted in a 3- to 4-fold decrease in IC(50) values in human cancer cells [DU145 (prostate) and MDA-MB-435] compared with the effects of GMC administered as free GMC. In addition, the GMC nanoimmunocomplex increased the sensitivity of cancer cells to doxorubicin, docetaxel, or mitoxantrone by approximately 3- to 30-fold. In the MDA435/LCC6 athymic nude mice xenograft lung metastases model, GMC was specifically delivered to tumors by the nanoimmunocomplex. These data show that incorporation of small-molecule therapeutic GMC within the tumor-targeting liposome nanocomplex enhances its anticancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057-1469, USA
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