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Oh JM, Rajendran RL, Gangadaran P, Hong CM, Jeong JH, Lee J, Ahn BC. Targeting GLI1 Transcription Factor for Restoring Iodine Avidity with Redifferentiation in Radioactive-Iodine Refractory Thyroid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071782. [PMID: 35406554 PMCID: PMC8997411 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Thyroid cancers have an excellent prognosis by standard therapy of surgery followed by radioactive-iodine therapy. However, metastatic thyroid cancers do not response to radioactive-iodine therapy by losing iodine avidity. Therefore, reversing iodine avidity to metastatic thyroid cancers gives a new chance of applying radioactive-iodine therapy to the cancers. In the current study, we found that GLI1 knockdown can revert iodine non-avid thyroid cancers to iodine avid cancers by increasing expression of thyroid-specific proteins. Restoration of iodine avidity in thyroid cancers makes the cancers sensitive to radioactive-iodine therapy again. Therefore, the GLI1 can be a potential therapeutic target of radioactive-iodine resistant thyroid cancers. Abstract Radioactive-iodine (RAI) therapy is the mainstay for patients with recurrent and metastatic thyroid cancer. However, many patients exhibit dedifferentiation characteristics along with lack of sodium iodide symporter (NIS) functionality, low expression of thyroid-specific proteins, and poor RAI uptake, leading to poor prognosis. Previous studies have demonstrated the effect of GLI family zinc finger 1 (GLI1) inhibition on tumor growth and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the role of GLI1 in the context of redifferentiation and improvement in the efficacy of RAI therapy for thyroid cancer. We evaluated GLI1 expression in several thyroid cancer cell lines and selected TPC-1 and SW1736 cell lines showing the high expression of GLI. We performed GLI1 knockdown and evaluated the changes of thyroid-specific proteins expression, RAI uptake and I-131-mediated cytotoxicity. The effect of GANT61 (GLI1 inhibitor) on endogenous NIS expression was also assessed. Endogenous NIS expression upregulated by inhibiting GLI1, in addition, increased expression level in plasma membrane. Also, GLI1 knockdown increased expression of thyroid-specific proteins. Restoration of thyroid-specific proteins increased RAI uptake and I-131-mediated cytotoxic effect. Treatment with GANT61 also increased expression of endogenous NIS. Targeting GLI1 can be a potential strategy with redifferentiation for restoring RAI avidity in dedifferentiated thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (J.M.O.); (R.L.R.); (P.G.); (C.M.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (J.M.O.); (R.L.R.); (P.G.); (C.M.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (J.M.O.); (R.L.R.); (P.G.); (C.M.H.); (J.L.)
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (J.M.O.); (R.L.R.); (P.G.); (C.M.H.); (J.L.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; zzu--@hanmail.net
| | - Ju Hye Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; zzu--@hanmail.net
| | - Jaetae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (J.M.O.); (R.L.R.); (P.G.); (C.M.H.); (J.L.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; zzu--@hanmail.net
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (J.M.O.); (R.L.R.); (P.G.); (C.M.H.); (J.L.)
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; zzu--@hanmail.net
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-420-5583
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Oh JM, Ahn BC. Molecular mechanisms of radioactive iodine refractoriness in differentiated thyroid cancer: Impaired sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expression owing to altered signaling pathway activity and intracellular localization of NIS. Theranostics 2021; 11:6251-6277. [PMID: 33995657 PMCID: PMC8120202 DOI: 10.7150/thno.57689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The advanced, metastatic differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) have a poor prognosis mainly owing to radioactive iodine (RAI) refractoriness caused by decreased expression of sodium iodide symporter (NIS), diminished targeting of NIS to the cell membrane, or both, thereby decreasing the efficacy of RAI therapy. Genetic aberrations (such as BRAF, RAS, and RET/PTC rearrangements) have been reported to be prominently responsible for the onset, progression, and dedifferentiation of DTCs, mainly through the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathways. Eventually, these alterations result in a lack of NIS and disabling of RAI uptake, leading to the development of resistance to RAI therapy. Over the past decade, promising approaches with various targets have been reported to restore NIS expression and RAI uptake in preclinical studies. In this review, we summarized comprehensive molecular mechanisms underlying the dedifferentiation in RAI-refractory DTCs and reviews strategies for restoring RAI avidity by tackling the mechanisms.
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Sun Y, Han Y, Qian M, Li Y, Ye Y, Lin L, Liu Y. Defending Effects of Iodide Transfer in Placental Barrier Against Maternal Iodine Deficiency. Thyroid 2021; 31:509-518. [PMID: 32791891 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Placental iodide transport is necessary for maintaining an adequate iodide supply to the developing fetus. We hypothesized that compounds from the placental barrier can compensate for decreases in maternal iodine intake and normalize fetal iodine levels. Methods: Pregnant rats administered different amounts of iodine (1.24, 2.5, 5, or 10 μg/day) were evaluated on gestational day (gd) 16 and 20. The iodine levels in maternal blood, amniotic fluid (AF), and placental tissue were estimated using As-Ce catalytic spectrophotometry. The protein and/or messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of sodium iodide symporter (NIS), pendrin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and CD31 in the placental labyrinth, trophoblast cells isolated using laser capture microdissection (LCM), and/or fetomaternal thyroid were detected using immunoblotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and/or immunohistochemistry. Results: When iodine intake was reduced, iodine levels in maternal blood gradually decreased; however, placental iodine levels were not significantly different between groups on gd16 and gd20. Minimal changes were observed in AF iodine levels on gd16, and a mild decreasing trend was observed (iodine dose, 10 to 1.24 μg/day) on gd20. NIS protein, which was linearly distributed along the basolateral membrane of maternal-fetal thyroid follicles, gradually increased with decreasing iodine levels. Regarding iodine deficiency in the placental labyrinth on gd16 and gd20, pendrin and glycosylated NIS proteins were significantly upregulated in a dose-dependent manner. However, the mRNA levels were unchanged. Furthermore, the conversion of NIS protein from the nonglycosylated to the glycosylated form increased. In trophoblast cells isolated using LCM, PDS mRNA levels increased in the 1.24-μg/day group on gd16 but not NIS mRNA levels. There was a smaller α-SMA+ area in the labyrinth zone on gd16 and gd20; however, the proportional CD31+ area increased on gd16 and reduced on gd20 with decreased iodine levels. Conclusions: All mechanisms upregulating the expression of iodine transporters and changes in villous stroma and microvessel area in the placental labyrinth can promote iodide transfer from mother to fetus in iodine deficiency, especially before the onset of fetal thyroid function. Compensatory NIS protein regulation in the placenta against decreased iodine intake mainly occurs during translation and glycosylation modification after translation. Pendrin may be more important than NIS in the mediation of placental iodide transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Clinical Psychology Department, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, P.R. China
| | - Ming Qian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Psychology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yongmei Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ye
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Laixiang Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yuanjun Liu
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Cheng SY. The Year in Basic Thyroidology. Thyroid 2020; 30:8-12. [PMID: 31822204 PMCID: PMC6983739 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Basic research in 2019 yielded exciting discoveries and advancements in thyroidology. Specifically, there have been breakthroughs in our understanding of the molecular actions of thyroid hormone and thyroid hormone receptors, thyroid hormone metabolism and transport, autoimmunity, and thyroid cancer. Next, I summarize important studies published over the past year and whose major data I presented during the 89th American Thyroid Association annual meeting at the opening plenary session The Year in Thyroidology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Address correspondence to: Sheue-Yann Cheng, PhD, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 5128, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264
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