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Wang S, Oliveira-Silveira J, Fang G, Kang J. High-content analysis identified synergistic drug interactions between INK128, an mTOR inhibitor, and HDAC inhibitors in a non-small cell lung cancer cell line. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:335. [PMID: 38475728 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of drug resistance is a major cause of cancer therapy failures. To inhibit drug resistance, multiple drugs are often treated together as a combinatorial therapy. In particular, synergistic drug combinations, which kill cancer cells at a lower concentration, guarantee a better prognosis and fewer side effects in cancer patients. Many studies have sought out synergistic combinations by small-scale function-based targeted growth assays or large-scale nontargeted growth assays, but their discoveries are always challenging due to technical problems such as a large number of possible test combinations. METHODS To address this issue, we carried out a medium-scale optical drug synergy screening in a non-small cell lung cancer cell line and further investigated individual drug interactions in combination drug responses by high-content image analysis. Optical high-content analysis of cellular responses has recently attracted much interest in the field of drug discovery, functional genomics, and toxicology. Here, we adopted a similar approach to study combinatorial drug responses. RESULTS By examining all possible combinations of 12 drug compounds in 6 different drug classes, such as mTOR inhibitors, HDAC inhibitors, HSP90 inhibitors, MT inhibitors, DNA inhibitors, and proteasome inhibitors, we successfully identified synergism between INK128, an mTOR inhibitor, and HDAC inhibitors, which has also been reported elsewhere. Our high-content analysis further showed that HDAC inhibitors, HSP90 inhibitors, and proteasome inhibitors played a dominant role in combinatorial drug responses when they were mixed with MT inhibitors, DNA inhibitors, or mTOR inhibitors, suggesting that recessive drugs could be less prioritized as components of multidrug cocktails. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our optical drug screening platform efficiently identified synergistic drug combinations in a non-small cell lung cancer cell line, and our high-content analysis further revealed how individual drugs in the drug mix interact with each other to generate combinatorial drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijiao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering at East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Juliano Oliveira-Silveira
- Center of Biotechnology, PPGBCM, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 91501970, Brazil
| | - Gang Fang
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Arts and Science, New York University at Shanghai, Shanghai, 200122, China
| | - Jungseog Kang
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, 200062, China.
- Arts and Science, New York University at Shanghai, Shanghai, 200122, China.
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2
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Deng Y, Cheng Q, He J. HDAC inhibitors: Promising agents for leukemia treatment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 680:61-72. [PMID: 37722346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The essential role of epigenetic modification in the pathogenesis of a series of cancers have gradually been recognized. Histone deacetylase (HDACs), as well-known epigenetic modulators, are responsible for DNA repair, cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Studies have shown that aberrant expression of HDACs is found in many cancer types. Thus, inhibition of HDACs has provided a promising therapeutic approach alternative for these patients. Since HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) vorinostat was first approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) in 2006, the combination of HDAC inhibitors with other molecules such as chemotherapeutic drugs has drawn much attention in current cancer treatment, especially in hematological malignancies therapy. Up to now, there have been more than twenty HDAC inhibitors investigated in clinic trials with five approvals being achieved. Indeed, Histone deacetylase inhibitors promote or enhance several different anticancer mechanisms and therefore are in evidence as potential antileukemia agents. In this review, we will focus on possible mechanisms by how HDAC inhibitors exert therapeutic benefit and their clinical utility in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Deng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing He
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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3
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mTOR and HDAC2 are simultaneously activated during electrically induced kindling of seizures. Epilepsy Res 2022; 185:106991. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.106991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Soltan OM, Shoman ME, Abdel-Aziz SA, Narumi A, Konno H, Abdel-Aziz M. Molecular hybrids: A five-year survey on structures of multiple targeted hybrids of protein kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113768. [PMID: 34450497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases have grown over the past few years as a crucial target for different cancer types. With the multifactorial nature of cancer, and the fast development of drug resistance for conventional chemotherapeutics, a strategy for designing multi-target agents was suggested to potentially increase drug efficacy, minimize side effects and retain the proper pharmacokinetic properties. Kinase inhibitors were used extensively in such strategy. Different kinase inhibitor agents which target EGFR, VEGFR, c-Met, CDK, PDK and other targets were merged into hybrids with conventional chemotherapeutics such as tubulin polymerization and topoisomerase inhibitors. Other hybrids were designed gathering kinase inhibitors with targeted cancer therapy such as HDAC, PARP, HSP 90 inhibitors. Nitric oxide donor molecules were also merged with kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy. The current review presents the hybrids designed in the past five years discussing their design principles, results and highlights their future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M Soltan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Mai E Shoman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519, Minia, Egypt.
| | - Salah A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 61111, Minia, Egypt
| | - Atsushi Narumi
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519, Minia, Egypt.
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5
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Feng S, De Carvalho DD. Clinical advances in targeting epigenetics for cancer therapy. FEBS J 2021; 289:1214-1239. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengrui Feng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto ON Canada
| | - Daniel D. De Carvalho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto ON Canada
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6
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The Current Genomic and Molecular Landscape of Philadelphia-like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062193. [PMID: 32235787 PMCID: PMC7139642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia (Ph)-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a high-risk B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL) characterized by a gene expression profile similar to Ph-positive B-ALL but lacking the BCR-ABL1 translocation. The molecular pathogenesis of Ph-like B-ALL is heterogenous and involves aberrant genomics, receptor overexpression, kinase fusions, and mutations leading to kinase signaling activation, leukemogenic cellular proliferation, and differentiation blockade. Testing for the Ph-like signature, once only a research technique, is now available to the clinical oncologist. The plethora of data pointing to poor outcomes for this ALL subset has triggered investigations into the role of targeted therapies, predominantly involving tyrosine kinase inhibitors that are showing promising results.
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7
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Guerra S, Cichowski K. Targeting Cancer at the Intersection of Signaling and Epigenetics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030617-050400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
While mutations resulting in the chronic activation of signaling pathways drive human cancer, the epigenetic state of a cell ultimately dictates the biological response to any given oncogenic signal. Moreover, large-scale genomic sequencing efforts have now identified a plethora of mutations in chromatin regulatory genes in human tumors, which can amplify, modify, or complement traditional oncogenic events. Nevertheless, the co-occurrence of oncogenic and epigenetic defects appears to create novel therapeutic vulnerabilities, which can be targeted by specific drug combinations. Here we discuss general mechanisms by which oncogenic and epigenetic alterations cooperate in human cancer and synthesize the field's early efforts in developing promising therapeutic combinations. Collectively, these studies reveal common themes underlying potential chemical synthetic lethal interactions and support both the expansion and refinement of this type of therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Guerra
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Karen Cichowski
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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8
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Targeting mTOR in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020190. [PMID: 30795552 PMCID: PMC6406494 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive hematologic disorder and constitutes approximately 25% of cancer diagnoses among children and teenagers. Pediatric patients have a favourable prognosis, with 5-years overall survival rates near 90%, while adult ALL still correlates with poorer survival. However, during the past few decades, the therapeutic outcome of adult ALL was significantly ameliorated, mainly due to intensive pediatric-based protocols of chemotherapy. Mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase belonging to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-related kinase family (PIKK) and resides in two distinct signalling complexes named mTORC1, involved in mRNA translation and protein synthesis and mTORC2 that controls cell survival and migration. Moreover, both complexes are remarkably involved in metabolism regulation. Growing evidence reports that mTOR dysregulation is related to metastatic potential, cell proliferation and angiogenesis and given that PI3K/Akt/mTOR network activation is often associated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance in ALL, there is a constant need to discover novel inhibitors for ALL treatment. Here, the current knowledge of mTOR signalling and the development of anti-mTOR compounds are documented, reporting the most relevant results from both preclinical and clinical studies in ALL that have contributed significantly into their efficacy or failure.
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9
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Chen Y, Yuan X, Zhang W, Tang M, Zheng L, Wang F, Yan W, Yang S, Wei Y, He J, Chen L. Discovery of Novel Dual Histone Deacetylase and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Target Inhibitors as a Promising Strategy for Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1577-1592. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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HDAC Inhibition Counteracts Metastatic Re-Activation of Prostate Cancer Cells Induced by Chronic mTOR Suppression. Cells 2018; 7:cells7090129. [PMID: 30200497 PMCID: PMC6162415 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate whether epigenetic modulation by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition might circumvent resistance towards the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor temsirolimus in a prostate cancer cell model. Parental (par) and temsirolimus-resistant (res) PC3 prostate cancer cells were exposed to the HDAC inhibitor valproic acid (VPA), and tumor cell adhesion, chemotaxis, migration, and invasion were evaluated. Temsirolimus resistance was characterized by reduced binding of PC3res cells to endothelium, immobilized collagen, and fibronectin, but increased adhesion to laminin, as compared to the parental cells. Chemotaxis, migration, and invasion of PC3res cells were enhanced following temsirolimus re-treatment. Integrin α and β receptors were significantly altered in PC3res compared to PC3par cells. VPA significantly counteracted temsirolimus resistance by down-regulating tumor cell–matrix interaction, chemotaxis, and migration. Evaluation of integrin expression in the presence of VPA revealed a significant down-regulation of integrin α5 in PC3res cells. Blocking studies demonstrated a close association between α5 expression on PC3res and chemotaxis. In this in vitro model, temsirolimus resistance drove prostate cancer cells to become highly motile, while HDAC inhibition reversed the metastatic activity. The VPA-induced inhibition of metastatic activity was accompanied by a lowered integrin α5 surface level on the tumor cells.
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11
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Zeng Z, Wang RY, Qiu YH, Mak DH, Coombes K, Yoo SY, Zhang Q, Jessen K, Liu Y, Rommel C, Fruman DA, Kantarjian HM, Kornblau SM, Andreeff M, Konopleva M. MLN0128, a novel mTOR kinase inhibitor, disrupts survival signaling and triggers apoptosis in AML and AML stem/ progenitor cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:55083-55097. [PMID: 27391151 PMCID: PMC5342403 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
mTOR activation leads to enhanced survival signaling in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. The active-site mTOR inhibitors (asTORi) represent a promising new approach to targeting mTOR in AKT/mTOR signaling. MLN0128 is an orally-administered, second-generation asTORi, currently in clinical development. We examined the anti-leukemic effects and the mechanisms of action of MLN0128 in AML cell lines and primary samples, with a particular focus on its effect in AML stem/progenitor cells. MLN0128 inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in AML by attenuating the activity of mTOR complex 1 and 2. Using time-of-flight mass cytometry, we demonstrated that MLN0128 selectively targeted and functionally inhibited AML stem/progenitor cells with high AKT/mTOR signaling activity. Using the reverse-phase protein array technique, we measured expression and phosphorylation changes in response to MLN0128 in 151 proteins from 24 primary AML samples and identified several pro-survival pathways that antagonize MLN0128-induced cellular stress. A combined blockade of AKT/mTOR signaling and these pro-survival pathways facilitated AML cell killing. Our findings provide a rationale for the clinical use of MLN0128 to target AML and AML stem/progenitor cells, and support the use of combinatorial multi-targeted approaches in AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zeng
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rui-Yu Wang
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi Hua Qiu
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Duncan H Mak
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Coombes
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Suk Young Yoo
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katti Jessen
- Oncology-Rinat Research & Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Wellspring Bioscience, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - David A Fruman
- Institute for Immunology, and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hagop M Kantarjian
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven M Kornblau
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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13
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Wang J, Ye Q, Cao Y, Guo Y, Huang X, Mi W, Liu S, Wang C, Yang HS, Zhou BP, Evers BM, She QB. Snail determines the therapeutic response to mTOR kinase inhibitors by transcriptional repression of 4E-BP1. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2207. [PMID: 29263324 PMCID: PMC5738350 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of 4E-BP1 expression has been linked to cancer progression and resistance to mTOR inhibitors, but the mechanism underlying 4E-BP1 downregulation in tumors remains unclear. Here we identify Snail as a strong transcriptional repressor of 4E-BP1. We find that 4E-BP1 expression inversely correlates with Snail level in cancer cell lines and clinical specimens. Snail binds to three E-boxes present in the human 4E-BP1 promoter to repress transcription of 4E-BP1. Ectopic expression of Snail in cancer cell lines lacking Snail profoundly represses 4E-BP1 expression, promotes cap-dependent translation in polysomes, and reduces the anti-proliferative effect of mTOR kinase inhibitors. Conversely, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of Snail function restores 4E-BP1 expression and sensitizes cancer cells to mTOR kinase inhibitors by enhancing 4E-BP1-mediated translation-repressive effect on cell proliferation and tumor growth. Our study reveals a critical Snail-4E-BP1 signaling axis in tumorigenesis, and provides a rationale for targeting Snail to improve mTOR-targeted therapies. 4E-BP1 is a translational repressor critical in mTOR signaling, whereas Snail is a critical promoter of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Here the authors show that Snail induces resistance to mTOR inhibitors by repressing 4E-BP1 expression and promoting cell cycle progression via upregulating cycD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Qing Ye
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Yanan Cao
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Yubin Guo
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xiuping Huang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Wenting Mi
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Side Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Hsin-Sheng Yang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Binhua P Zhou
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - B Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Qing-Bai She
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
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HDAC inhibition as a treatment concept to combat temsirolimus-resistant bladder cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110016-110028. [PMID: 29299126 PMCID: PMC5746361 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) might be a promising molecular target to treat advanced bladder cancer, resistance develops under chronic exposure to an mTOR inhibitor (everolimus, temsirolimus). Based on earlier studies, we proposed that histone deacetylase (HDAC) blockade might circumvent resistance and investigated whether HDAC inhibition has an impact on growth of bladder cancer cells with acquired resistance towards temsirolimus. Results The HDAC inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) significantly inhibited growth, proliferation and caused G0/G1 phase arrest in RT112res and UMUC-3res. cdk1, cyclin B, cdk2, cyclin A and Skp1 p19 were down-regulated, p27 was elevated. Akt-mTOR signaling was deactivated, whereas acetylation of histone H3 and H4 in RT112res and UMUC-3res increased in the presence of VPA. Knocking down cdk2 or cyclin A resulted in a significant growth blockade of RT112res and UMUC-3res. Materials And Methods Parental (par) and resistant (res) RT112 and UMUC-3 cells were exposed to the HDAC inhibitor VPA. Tumor cell growth, proliferation, cell cycling and expression of cell cycle regulating proteins were then evaluated. siRNA blockade was used to investigate the functional impact of the proteins. Conclusions HDAC inhibition induced a strong response of temsirolimus-resistant bladder cancer cells. Therefore, the temsirolimus-VPA-combination might be an innovative strategy for bladder cancer treatment.
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15
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Vo TTT, Lee JS, Nguyen D, Lui B, Pandori W, Khaw A, Mallya S, Lu M, Müschen M, Konopleva M, Fruman DA. mTORC1 Inhibition Induces Resistance to Methotrexate and 6-Mercaptopurine in Ph + and Ph-like B-ALL. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1942-1953. [PMID: 28566433 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Elevated activity of mTOR is associated with poor prognosis and higher incidence of relapse in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Thus, ongoing clinical trials are testing mTOR inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy in B-ALL. However, the combination of mTOR inhibitors with standard of care chemotherapy drugs has not been studied extensively in high-risk B-ALL subtypes. Therefore, we tested whether mTOR inhibition can augment the efficacy of current chemotherapy agents in Ph+ and Ph-like B-ALL models. Surprisingly, inhibiting mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) protected B-ALL cells from killing by methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine, two antimetabolite drugs used in maintenance chemotherapy. The cytoprotective effects correlated with decreased cell-cycle progression and were recapitulated using cell-cycle inhibitors, palbociclib or aphidicolin. Dasatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor currently used in Ph+ patients, inhibits ABL kinase upstream of mTOR. Dasatinib resistance is mainly caused by ABL kinase mutations, but is also observed in a subset of ABL unmutated cases. We identified dasatinib-resistant Ph+ cell lines and patient samples in which dasatinib can effectively reduce ABL kinase activity and mTORC1 signaling without causing cell death. In these cases, dasatinib protected leukemia cells from killing by 6-mercaptopurine. Using xenograft models, we observed that mTOR inhibition or dasatinib increased the numbers of leukemia cells that emerge after cessation of chemotherapy treatment. These results demonstrate that inhibitors targeting mTOR or upstream signaling nodes should be used with caution when combined with chemotherapeutic agents that rely on cell-cycle progression to kill B-ALL cells. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(9); 1942-53. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Trang T Vo
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - J Scott Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Duc Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Brandon Lui
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - William Pandori
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Andrew Khaw
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Sharmila Mallya
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Mengrou Lu
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Markus Müschen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David A Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.
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16
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Control of B lymphocyte development and functions by the mTOR signaling pathways. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 35:47-62. [PMID: 28583723 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase originally discovered as the molecular target of the immunosuppressant rapamycin. mTOR forms two compositionally and functionally distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, which are crucial for coordinating nutrient, energy, oxygen, and growth factor availability with cellular growth, proliferation, and survival. Recent studies have identified critical, non-redundant roles for mTORC1 and mTORC2 in controlling B cell development, differentiation, and functions, and have highlighted emerging roles of the Folliculin-Fnip protein complex in regulating mTOR and B cell development. In this review, we summarize the basic mechanisms of mTOR signaling; describe what is known about the roles of mTORC1, mTORC2, and the Folliculin/Fnip1 pathway in B cell development and functions; and briefly outline current clinical approaches for targeting mTOR in B cell neoplasms. We conclude by highlighting a few salient questions and future perspectives regarding mTOR in B lineage cells.
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17
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Simmons JK, Michalowski AM, Gamache BJ, DuBois W, Patel J, Zhang K, Gary J, Zhang S, Gaikwad S, Connors D, Watson N, Leon E, Chen JQ, Kuehl WM, Lee MP, Zingone A, Landgren O, Ordentlich P, Huang J, Mock BA. Cooperative Targets of Combined mTOR/HDAC Inhibition Promote MYC Degradation. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2008-2021. [PMID: 28522584 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatments often require combinations of molecularly targeted agents to be effective. mTORi (rapamycin) and HDACi (MS-275/entinostat) inhibitors have been shown to be effective in limiting tumor growth, and here we define part of the cooperative action of this drug combination. More than 60 human cancer cell lines responded synergistically (CI<1) when treated with this drug combination compared with single agents. In addition, a breast cancer patient-derived xenograft, and a BCL-XL plasmacytoma mouse model both showed enhanced responses to the combination compared with single agents. Mice bearing plasma cell tumors lived an average of 70 days longer on combination treatment compared with single agents. A set of 37 genes cooperatively affected (34 downregulated; 3 upregulated) by the combination responded pharmacodynamically in human myeloma cell lines, xenografts, and a P493 model, and were both enriched in tumors, and correlated with prognostic markers in myeloma patient datasets. Genes downregulated by the combination were overexpressed in several untreated cancers (breast, lung, colon, sarcoma, head and neck, myeloma) compared with normal tissues. The MYC/E2F axis, identified by upstream regulator analyses and validated by immunoblots, was significantly inhibited by the drug combination in several myeloma cell lines. Furthermore, 88% of the 34 genes downregulated have MYC-binding sites in their promoters, and the drug combination cooperatively reduced MYC half-life by 55% and increased degradation. Cells with MYC mutations were refractory to the combination. Thus, integrative approaches to understand drug synergy identified a clinically actionable strategy to inhibit MYC/E2F activity and tumor cell growth in vivoMol Cancer Ther; 16(9); 2008-21. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Simmons
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Wendy DuBois
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jyoti Patel
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ke Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joy Gary
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shuling Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Snehal Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel Connors
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nicholas Watson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elena Leon
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jin-Qiu Chen
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Maxwell P Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adriana Zingone
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ola Landgren
- Syndax Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jing Huang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Beverly A Mock
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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18
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Savino AM, Sarno J, Trentin L, Vieri M, Fazio G, Bardini M, Bugarin C, Fossati G, Davis KL, Gaipa G, Izraeli S, Meyer LH, Nolan GP, Biondi A, Te Kronnie G, Palmi C, Cazzaniga G. The histone deacetylase inhibitor givinostat (ITF2357) exhibits potent anti-tumor activity against CRLF2-rearranged BCP-ALL. Leukemia 2017; 31:2365-2375. [PMID: 28331226 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Leukemias bearing CRLF2 and JAK2 gene alterations are characterized by aberrant JAK/STAT signaling and poor prognosis. The HDAC inhibitor givinostat/ITF2357 has been shown to exert anti-neoplastic activity against both systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and myeloproliferative neoplasms through inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway. These findings led us to hypothesize that givinostat might also act against CRLF2-rearranged BCP-ALL, which lack effective therapies. Here, we found that givinostat inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of BCP-ALL CRLF2-rearranged cell lines, positive for exon 16 JAK2 mutations. Likewise, givinostat killed primary cells, but not their normal hematopoietic counterparts, from patients carrying CRLF2 rearrangements. At low doses, givinostat downregulated the expression of genes belonging to the JAK/STAT pathway and inhibited STAT5 phosphorylation. In vivo, givinostat significantly reduced engraftment of human blasts in patient-derived xenograft models of CRLF2-positive BCP-ALL. Importantly, givinostat killed ruxolitinib-resistant cells and potentiated the effect of current chemotherapy. Thus, givinostat in combination with conventional chemotherapy may represent an effective therapeutic option for these difficult-to-treat subsets of ALL. Lastly, the selective killing of cancer cells by givinostat may allow the design of reduced intensity regimens in CRLF2-rearranged Down syndrome-associated BCP-ALL patients with an overall benefit in terms of both toxicity and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Savino
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Leukemia Research Section, Edmond and Lily Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Molecular Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - J Sarno
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - L Trentin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M Vieri
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - G Fazio
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - M Bardini
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - C Bugarin
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - G Fossati
- Preclinical R&D Department, Italfarmaco S.p.A., Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - K L Davis
- Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - G Gaipa
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - S Izraeli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Leukemia Research Section, Edmond and Lily Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Molecular Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - L H Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - G P Nolan
- Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A Biondi
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - G Te Kronnie
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - C Palmi
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - G Cazzaniga
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
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19
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20
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Lee JHS, Vo TT, Fruman DA. Targeting mTOR for the treatment of B cell malignancies. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 82:1213-1228. [PMID: 26805380 PMCID: PMC5061788 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that functions as a key regulator of cell growth, division and survival. Many haematologic malignancies exhibit elevated or aberrant mTOR activation, supporting the launch of numerous clinical trials aimed at evaluating the potential of single agent mTOR-targeted therapies. While promising early clinical data using allosteric mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin and its derivatives, rapalogs) have suggested activity in a subset of haematologic malignancies, these agents have shown limited efficacy in most contexts. Whether the efficacy of these partial mTOR inhibitors might be enhanced by more complete target inhibition is being actively addressed with second generation ATP-competitive mTOR kinase inhibitors (TOR-KIs), which have only recently entered clinical trials. However, emerging preclinical data suggest that despite their biochemical advantage over rapalogs, TOR-KIs may retain a primarily cytostatic response. Rather, combinations of mTOR inhibition with other targeted therapies have demonstrated promising efficacy in several preclinical models. This review investigates the current status of rapalogs and TOR-KIs in B cell malignancies, with an emphasis on emerging preclinical evidence of synergistic combinations involving mTOR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hoon Scott Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Thanh-Trang Vo
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - David A Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, USA.
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21
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Li Y, Seto E. HDACs and HDAC Inhibitors in Cancer Development and Therapy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:cshperspect.a026831. [PMID: 27599530 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 749] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last several decades, it has become clear that epigenetic abnormalities may be one of the hallmarks of cancer. Posttranslational modifications of histones, for example, may play a crucial role in cancer development and progression by modulating gene transcription, chromatin remodeling, and nuclear architecture. Histone acetylation, a well-studied posttranslational histone modification, is controlled by the opposing activities of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). By removing acetyl groups, HDACs reverse chromatin acetylation and alter transcription of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In addition, HDACs deacetylate numerous nonhistone cellular substrates that govern a wide array of biological processes including cancer initiation and progression. This review will discuss the role of HDACs in cancer and the therapeutic potential of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) as emerging drugs in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Li
- George Washington University Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037
| | - Edward Seto
- George Washington University Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037
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22
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23
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Dinner S, Platanias LC. Targeting the mTOR Pathway in Leukemia. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1745-52. [PMID: 27018341 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Optimal function of multiple intracellular signaling pathways is essential for normal regulation of cellular transcription, translation, growth, proliferation, and survival. Dysregulation or aberrant activation of such cascades can lead to inappropriate cell survival and abnormal cell proliferation in leukemia. Successful treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting the BCR-ABL fusion gene is a prime example of effectively inhibiting intracellular signaling cascades. However, even in these patients resistance can develop via emergence of mutations or feedback activation of other pathways that cause refractory disease. Constitutive activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been observed in different types of leukemia, including CML, acute myeloid leukemia, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Abnormal mTOR activity may contribute to chemotherapy resistance, while it may also be effectively targeted via molecular means and/or development of specific pharmacological inhibitors. This review discusses the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR dysre-gulation in leukemia and summarizes the emergence of preliminary data for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1745-1752, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Dinner
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611.,Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, 60612
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24
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mTORC signaling in hematopoiesis. Int J Hematol 2016; 103:510-8. [PMID: 26791377 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-1944-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
mTOR is a serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinase that responds to multiple signals, including growth factors, amino acids, energy status, stress, and oxygen, regulates cell survival, cell growth, the cell cycle, and cell metabolism, and maintains homeostasis [1]. Increased or decreased mTORC1 activity can alter HSC function and cause hematological disorders [2, 3]. Therefore, a comprehensive knowledge of mTOR is critical to understanding how HSCs function and maintain homeostasis in the hematopoietic system. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the mTOR signaling pathway and its roles in hematopoiesis and leukemia. We also discuss pharmacological approaches to manipulate mTOR activity.
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25
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Layton Tovar CF, Mendieta Zerón H. Intracellular Signaling Pathways Involved in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia; Molecular Targets. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2015; 32:141-53. [PMID: 27065575 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-015-0609-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disease characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of immature lymphoid cells. ALL is the most common hematologic malignancy in early childhood, and it reaches peak incidence between the ages of 2 and 3 years. The prognosis of ALL is associated with aberrant gene expression, in addition to the presence of numerical or structural chromosomal alterations, age, race, and immunophenotype. The Relapse rate with regard to pharmacological treatment rises in childhood; thus, the expression of biomarkers associated with the activation of cell signaling pathways is crucial to establish the disease prognosis. Intracellular pathways involved in ALL are diverse, including Janus kinase/Signal transducers and transcription activators (JAK-STAT), Phosphoinositide-3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT), Ras mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras-MAPK), Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), Nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB), and Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1α (HIF-1α), among others. In this review, we present several therapeutic targets, intracellular pathways, and molecular markers that are being studied extensively at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Fabián Layton Tovar
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMex), Paseo Tollocan esq. Jesús Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz, 50180 Toluca, Estado de Mexico Mexico
| | - Hugo Mendieta Zerón
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMex), Paseo Tollocan esq. Jesús Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz, 50180 Toluca, Estado de Mexico Mexico ; Asociación Científica Latina A.C. (ASCILA) and Ciprés Grupo Médico (CGM), Felipe Villanueva sur 1209, Col. Rancho Dolores, 50170 Toluca, Estado de Mexico Mexico
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26
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Zhi X, Chen W, Xue F, Liang C, Chen BW, Zhou Y, Wen L, Hu L, Shen J, Bai X, Liang T. OSI-027 inhibits pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and enhances the therapeutic effect of gemcitabine both in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2015; 6:26230-41. [PMID: 26213847 PMCID: PMC4694897 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its relative rarity, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for a large percentage of cancer deaths. In this study, we investigated the in vitro efficacy of OSI-027, a selective inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2, to treat PDAC cell lines alone, and in combination with gemcitabine (GEM). Similarly, we tested the efficacy of these two compounds in a xenograft mouse model of PDAC. OSI-027 significantly arrested cell cycle in G0/G1 phase, inhibited the proliferation of Panc-1, BxPC-3, and CFPAC-1 cells, and downregulated mTORC1, mTORC2, phospho-Akt, phospho-p70S6K, phospho-4E-BP1, cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) in these cells. Moreover, OSI-027 also downregulated multidrug resistance (MDR)-1, which has been implicated in chemotherapy resistance in PDAC cells and enhanced apoptosis induced by GEM in the three PDAC cell lines. When combined, OSI-027 with GEM showed synergistic cytotoxic effects both in vitro and in vivo. This is the first evidence of the efficacy of OSI-027 in PDAC and may provide the groundwork for a new clinical PDAC therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Synergism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Multiprotein Complexes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Multiprotein Complexes/genetics
- Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- RNA Interference
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Triazines/pharmacology
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Gemcitabine
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Fei Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Bryan Wei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Liang Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Liqiang Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R.China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
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