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Singh RR, Mondal I, Janjua T, Popat A, Kulshreshtha R. Engineered smart materials for RNA based molecular therapy to treat Glioblastoma. Bioact Mater 2024; 33:396-423. [PMID: 38059120 PMCID: PMC10696434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignancy of the central nervous system (CNS) that remains incurable despite the multitude of improvements in cancer therapeutics. The conventional chemo and radiotherapy post-surgery have only been able to improve the prognosis slightly; however, the development of resistance and/or tumor recurrence is almost inevitable. There is a pressing need for adjuvant molecular therapies that can successfully and efficiently block tumor progression. During the last few decades, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as key players in regulating various hallmarks of cancer including that of GBM. The levels of many ncRNAs are dysregulated in cancer, and ectopic modulation of their levels by delivering antagonists or overexpression constructs could serve as an attractive option for cancer therapy. The therapeutic potential of several types of ncRNAs, including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, has been validated in both in vitro and in vivo models of GBM. However, the delivery of these RNA-based therapeutics is highly challenging, especially to the tumors of the brain as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses as a major obstacle, among others. Also, since RNA is extremely fragile in nature, careful considerations must be met while designing a delivery agent. In this review we have shed light on how ncRNA therapy can overcome the limitations of its predecessor conventional therapy with an emphasis on smart nanomaterials that can aide in the safe and targeted delivery of nucleic acids to treat GBM. Additionally, critical gaps that currently exist for successful transition from viral to non-viral vector delivery systems have been identified. Finally, we have provided a perspective on the future directions, potential pathways, and target areas for achieving rapid clinical translation of, RNA-based macromolecular therapy to advance the effective treatment of GBM and other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Raj Singh
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- University of Queensland –IIT Delhi Academy of Research (UQIDAR)
| | - Indranil Mondal
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Taskeen Janjua
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Department of Functional Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ritu Kulshreshtha
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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2
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Obrador E, Moreno-Murciano P, Oriol-Caballo M, López-Blanch R, Pineda B, Gutiérrez-Arroyo JL, Loras A, Gonzalez-Bonet LG, Martinez-Cadenas C, Estrela JM, Marqués-Torrejón MÁ. Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2529. [PMID: 38473776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) stands out as the most prevalent and lethal form of brain cancer. Although great efforts have been made by clinicians and researchers, no significant improvement in survival has been achieved since the Stupp protocol became the standard of care (SOC) in 2005. Despite multimodality treatments, recurrence is almost universal with survival rates under 2 years after diagnosis. Here, we discuss the recent progress in our understanding of GB pathophysiology, in particular, the importance of glioma stem cells (GSCs), the tumor microenvironment conditions, and epigenetic mechanisms involved in GB growth, aggressiveness and recurrence. The discussion on therapeutic strategies first covers the SOC treatment and targeted therapies that have been shown to interfere with different signaling pathways (pRB/CDK4/RB1/P16ink4, TP53/MDM2/P14arf, PI3k/Akt-PTEN, RAS/RAF/MEK, PARP) involved in GB tumorigenesis, pathophysiology, and treatment resistance acquisition. Below, we analyze several immunotherapeutic approaches (i.e., checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, CAR-modified NK or T cells, oncolytic virotherapy) that have been used in an attempt to enhance the immune response against GB, and thereby avoid recidivism or increase survival of GB patients. Finally, we present treatment attempts made using nanotherapies (nanometric structures having active anti-GB agents such as antibodies, chemotherapeutic/anti-angiogenic drugs or sensitizers, radionuclides, and molecules that target GB cellular receptors or open the blood-brain barrier) and non-ionizing energies (laser interstitial thermal therapy, high/low intensity focused ultrasounds, photodynamic/sonodynamic therapies and electroporation). The aim of this review is to discuss the advances and limitations of the current therapies and to present novel approaches that are under development or following clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Oriol-Caballo
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Blanch
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Pineda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alba Loras
- Department of Medicine, Jaume I University of Castellon, 12071 Castellon, Spain
| | - Luis G Gonzalez-Bonet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Castellon General University Hospital, 12004 Castellon, Spain
| | | | - José M Estrela
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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3
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Chen M, Kim B, Robertson N, Mondal SK, Medarova Z, Moore A. Co-administration of temozolomide (TMZ) and the experimental therapeutic targeting miR-10b, profoundly affects the tumorigenic phenotype of human glioblastoma cells. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1179343. [PMID: 37398551 PMCID: PMC10311069 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1179343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Recent studies have shown that miRNA-10b is highly expressed in high-grade glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and its inhibition leads to deregulation of multiple pathways in tumorigenesis, resulting in repression of tumor growth and increased apoptosis. Thus, we hypothesized that suppressing miR-10b could enhance the cytotoxicity of conventional GBM chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). Methods: Inhibition of miR-10b in glioblastoma cells was achieved using an experimental therapeutic consisting of anti-miR10b antagomirs conjugated to iron oxide nanoparticles (termed MN-anti-miR10b). The nanoparticles serve as delivery vehicles for the antagomirs as well as imaging reporters guiding the delivery in future animal studies. Results: Treatment of U251 and LN229 human glioblastoma cells with MN-anti-miR10b led to inhibition of miR-10b accompanied by repression of growth and increase in apoptosis. We next explored whether MN-anti-miR10b could enhance the cytotoxic effect of TMZ. During these studies, we unexpectedly found that TMZ monotherapy increased miR-10b expression and changed the expression of corresponding miR-10b targets. This discovery led to the design of a sequence-dependent combination treatment, in which miR-10b inhibition and induction of apoptosis by MN-anti-miR10b was followed by a sub-therapeutic dose of TMZ, which caused cell cycle arrest and ultimately cell death. This combination was highly successful in significant enhancement of apoptosis and decrease in cell migration and invasiveness. Discussion: Considering the unexpected effects of TMZ on miR-10b expression and possible implications on its clinical application, we reasoned that comprehensive in vitro studies were warranted before embarking on studies in animals. These intriguing findings serve as a solid foundation for future in vivo studies and offer promise for the successful treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Bryan Kim
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Neil Robertson
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Sujan Kumar Mondal
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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4
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Tumor Microenvironment in Gliomas: A Treatment Hurdle or an Opportunity to Grab? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041042. [PMID: 36831383 PMCID: PMC9954692 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most frequent central nervous system (CNS) primary tumors. The prognosis and clinical outcomes of these malignancies strongly diverge according to their molecular alterations and range from a few months to decades. The tumor-associated microenvironment involves all cells and connective tissues surrounding tumor cells. The composition of the microenvironment as well as the interactions with associated neoplastic mass, are both variables assuming an increasing interest in these last years. This is mainly because the microenvironment can mediate progression, invasion, dedifferentiation, resistance to treatment, and relapse of primary gliomas. In particular, the tumor microenvironment strongly diverges from isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutated and wild-type (wt) tumors. Indeed, IDH mutated gliomas often show a lower infiltration of immune cells with reduced angiogenesis as compared to IDH wt gliomas. On the other hand, IDH wt tumors exhibit a strong immune infiltration mediated by several cytokines and chemokines, including CCL2, CCL7, GDNF, CSF-1, GM-CSF, etc. The presence of several factors, including Sox2, Oct4, PD-L1, FAS-L, and TGF β2, also mediate an immune switch toward a regulatory inhibited immune system. Other important interactions are described between IDH wt glioblastoma cells and astrocytes, neurons, and stem cells, while these interactions are less elucidated in IDH-mutated tumors. The possibility of targeting the microenvironment is an intriguing perspective in terms of therapeutic drug development. In this review, we summarized available evidence related to the glioma microenvironment, focusing on differences within different glioma subtypes and on possible therapeutic development.
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Bauman MM, Bouchal SM, Monie DD, Aibaidula A(Z, Singh R, Parney IF. Strategies, considerations, and recent advancements in the development of liquid biopsy for glioblastoma: a step towards individualized medicine in glioblastoma. Neurosurg Focus 2022; 53:E14. [PMID: 36455271 PMCID: PMC9879623 DOI: 10.3171/2022.9.focus22430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devasting primary brain tumor with less than a 5% 5-year survival. Treatment response assessment can be challenging because of inflammatory pseudoprogression that mimics true tumor progression clinically and on imaging. Developing additional noninvasive assays is critical. In this article, the authors review various biomarkers that could be used in developing liquid biopsies for GBM, along with strengths, limitations, and future applications. In addition, they present a potential liquid biopsy design based on the use of an extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy targeting nonneoplastic extracellular vesicles. METHODS The authors conducted a current literature review of liquid biopsy in GBM by searching the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Articles were assessed for type of biomarker, isolation methodology, analytical techniques, and clinical relevance. RESULTS Recent work has shown that liquid biopsies of plasma, blood, and/or CSF hold promise as noninvasive clinical tools that can be used to diagnose recurrence, assess treatment response, and predict patient outcomes in GBM. Liquid biopsy in GBM has focused primarily on extracellular vesicles, cell-free tumor nucleic acids, and whole-cell isolates as focal biomarkers. GBM tumor signatures have been generated via analysis of tumor gene mutations, unique RNA expression, and metabolic and proteomic alterations. Liquid biopsies capture tumor heterogeneity, identifying alterations in GBM tumors that may be undetectable via surgical biopsy specimens. Finally, biomarker burden can be used to assess treatment response and recurrence in GBM. CONCLUSIONS Liquid biopsy offers a promising avenue for monitoring treatment response and recurrence in GBM without invasive procedures. Although additional steps must be taken to bring liquid biopsy into the clinic, proof-of-principle studies and isolation methodologies are promising. Ultimately, CSF and/or plasma-based liquid biopsy is likely to be a powerful tool in the neurosurgeon's arsenal in the near future for the treatment and management of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M.J. Bauman
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Department of Neurological Surgery, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Samantha M. Bouchal
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Department of Neurological Surgery, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dileep D. Monie
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Department of Neurological Surgery, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Abudumijiti (Zack) Aibaidula
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rohin Singh
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Ian F. Parney
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Elgeshy KM, Abdel Wahab AHA. The Role, Significance, and Association of MicroRNA-10a/b in Physiology of Cancer. Microrna 2022; 11:118-138. [PMID: 35616665 DOI: 10.2174/2211536611666220523104408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the translation of mRNA and protein, mainly at the posttranscriptional level. Global expression profiling of miRNAs has demonstrated a broad spectrum of aberrations that correlated with several diseases, and miRNA- 10a and miRNA-10b were the first examined miRNAs to be involved in abnormal activities upon dysregulation, including many types of cancers and progressive diseases. It is expected that the same miRNAs behave inconsistently within different types of cancer. This review aims to provide a set of information about our updated understanding of miRNA-10a and miRNA-10b and their clinical significance, molecular targets, current research gaps, and possible future applications of such potent regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Elgeshy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zurlo M, Romagnoli R, Oliva P, Gasparello J, Finotti A, Gambari R. Synergistic Effects of A Combined Treatment of Glioblastoma U251 Cells with An Anti-miR-10b-5p Molecule and An AntiCancer Agent Based on 1-(3',4',5'-Trimethoxyphenyl)-2-Aryl-1 H-Imidazole Scaffold. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115991. [PMID: 35682670 PMCID: PMC9181338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In the development of new and more effective anticancer approaches, combined treatments appear of great interest. Combination therapy could be of importance in the management of glioblastoma (GBM), a lethal malignancy that accounts for 42% of cancer of the central nervous system, with a median survival of 15 months. This study aimed to verify the activity on a glioblastoma cancer cell line of one of the most active compounds of a novel series of tubulin polymerization inhibitors based on the 1-(3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-aryl-1H-imidazole scaffold, used in combination with a miRNA inhibitor molecule targeting the oncomiRNA miR-10b-5p. This microRNA was selected in consideration of the role of miR-10b-5p on the onset and progression of glioblastoma. (2) Methods: Apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin-V and Caspase 3/7 assays, efficacy of the anti-miR-10b-5p was assessed by determining the miR-10b-5p content by RT-qPCR. (3) Results: The results obtained show that a “combination therapy” performed by combining the use of an anti-miR-10b-5p and a 1-(3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-aryl-1H-imidazole derivative is an encouraging strategy to boost the efficacy of anticancer therapies and at the same time to reduce side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zurlo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Ferrara University, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Romeo Romagnoli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, Ferrara University, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (R.R.); (P.O.)
| | - Paola Oliva
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, Ferrara University, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (R.R.); (P.O.)
| | - Jessica Gasparello
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Ferrara University, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Ferrara University, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.Z.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Ferrara University, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.Z.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (R.G.)
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El Fatimy R, Zhang Y, Deforzh E, Ramadas M, Saravanan H, Wei Z, Rabinovsky R, Teplyuk NM, Uhlmann EJ, Krichevsky AM. A nuclear function for an oncogenic microRNA as a modulator of snRNA and splicing. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:17. [PMID: 35033060 PMCID: PMC8760648 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND miRNAs are regulatory transcripts established as repressors of mRNA stability and translation that have been functionally implicated in carcinogenesis. miR-10b is one of the key onco-miRs associated with multiple forms of cancer. Malignant gliomas exhibit particularly striking dependence on miR-10b. However, despite the therapeutic potential of miR-10b targeting, this miRNA's poorly investigated and largely unconventional properties hamper the clinical translation. METHODS We utilized Covalent Ligation of Endogenous Argonaute-bound RNAs and their high-throughput RNA sequencing to identify miR-10b interactome and a combination of biochemical and imaging approaches for target validation. They included Crosslinking and RNA immunoprecipitation with spliceosomal proteins, a combination of miRNA FISH with protein immunofluorescence in glioma cells and patient-derived tumors, native Northern blotting, and the transcriptome-wide analysis of alternative splicing. RESULTS We demonstrate that miR-10b binds to U6 snRNA, a core component of the spliceosomal machinery. We provide evidence of the direct binding between miR-10b and U6, in situ imaging of miR-10b and U6 co-localization in glioma cells and tumors, and biochemical co-isolation of miR-10b with the components of the spliceosome. We further demonstrate that miR-10b modulates U6 N-6-adenosine methylation and pseudouridylation, U6 binding to splicing factors SART3 and PRPF8, and regulates U6 stability, conformation, and levels. These effects on U6 result in global splicing alterations, exemplified by the altered ratio of the isoforms of a small GTPase CDC42, reduced overall CDC42 levels, and downstream CDC42 -mediated effects on cell viability. CONCLUSIONS We identified U6 snRNA, the key RNA component of the spliceosome, as the top miR-10b target in glioblastoma. We, therefore, present an unexpected intersection of the miRNA and splicing machineries and a new nuclear function for a major cancer-associated miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid El Fatimy
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Room 9002T, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Current Address: Institute of Biological Sciences (ISSB-P), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), 43150, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Room 9002T, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Evgeny Deforzh
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Room 9002T, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mahalakshmi Ramadas
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Room 9002T, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Harini Saravanan
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Room 9002T, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zhiyun Wei
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Room 9002T, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Current Address: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Rosalia Rabinovsky
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Room 9002T, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nadiya M Teplyuk
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Room 9002T, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Erik J Uhlmann
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Room 9002T, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anna M Krichevsky
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Room 9002T, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Chen M, Medarova Z, Moore A. Role of microRNAs in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1707-1723. [PMID: 34434499 PMCID: PMC8378762 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary human brain cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a set of small endogenous non-coding RNA molecules which play critical roles in different biological processes including cancer. The realization of miRNA regulatory functions in GBM has demonstrated that these molecules play a critical role in its initiation, progression and response to therapy. In this review we discuss the studies related to miRNA discovery and function in glioblastoma. We first summarize the typical miRNAs and their roles in GBM. Then we debate the potential for miRNA-based therapy for glioblastoma, including various delivery strategies. We surmise that future directions identified by these studies will point towards the necessity for therapeutic development and optimization to improve the outcomes for patients with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Zdravka Medarova
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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10
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Noncoding RNAs in Glioblastoma: Emerging Biological Concepts and Potential Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071555. [PMID: 33800703 PMCID: PMC8037102 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Since the completion of the Human Genome Project, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as an important class of genetic regulators. Several classes of ncRNAs, which include microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), have been shown to play important roles in controlling developmental and disease processes. In this article, we discuss the potential roles of ncRNAs in regulating glioblastoma (GBM) formation and progression as well as potential strategies to exploit the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of ncRNAs in GBM. Abstract Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as a novel class of genomic regulators, ushering in a new era in molecular biology. With the advent of advanced genetic sequencing technology, several different classes of ncRNAs have been uncovered, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), which have been linked to many important developmental and disease processes and are being pursued as clinical and therapeutic targets. Molecular phenotyping studies of glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and lethal cancer of the adult brain, revealed that several ncRNAs are frequently dysregulated in its pathogenesis. Additionally, ncRNAs regulate many important aspects of glioma biology including tumour cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and self-renewal. Here, we present an overview of the biogenesis of the different classes of ncRNAs, discuss their biological roles, as well as their relevance to gliomagenesis. We conclude by discussing potential approaches to therapeutically target the ncRNAs in clinic.
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Thomas L, Florio T, Perez-Castro C. Extracellular Vesicles Loaded miRNAs as Potential Modulators Shared Between Glioblastoma, and Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:590034. [PMID: 33328891 PMCID: PMC7671965 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.590034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest brain tumor. Its poor prognosis is due to cell heterogeneity, invasiveness, and high vascularization that impede an efficient therapeutic approach. In the past few years, several molecular links connecting GBM to neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) were identified at preclinical and clinical level. In particular, giving the increasing critical role that epigenetic alterations play in both GBM and NDDs, we deeply analyzed the role of miRNAs, small non-coding RNAs acting epigenetic modulators in several key biological processes. Specific miRNAs, transported by extracellular vesicles (EVs), act as intercellular communication signals in both diseases. In this way, miRNA-loaded EVs modulate GBM tumorigenesis, as they spread oncogenic signaling within brain parenchyma, and control the aggregation of neurotoxic protein (Tau, Aβ-amyloid peptide, and α-synuclein) in NDDs. In this review, we highlight the most promising miRNAs linking GBM and NDDs playing a significant pathogenic role in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Thomas
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas – Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tullio Florio
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Carolina Perez-Castro
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas – Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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High-throughput microRNA profile in adult and pediatric primary glioblastomas: the role of miR-10b-5p and miR-630 in the tumor aggressiveness. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6949-6959. [PMID: 32888124 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of the central nervous system and, despite the standard therapy; the patients' prognoses remain dismal. The miRNA expression profiles have been associated with patient prognosis, suggesting that they may be helpful for tumor diagnosis and classification as well as predictive of tumor response to treatment. We described the microRNA expression profile of 29 primary GBM samples (9 pediatric GBMs) and 11 non-neoplastic white matter samples as controls (WM) by microarray analysis and we performed functional in vitro assays on these 2 most differentially expressed miRNAs. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed 3 distinct miRNA profiles, two of them in the GBM samples and a group consisting only of cerebral white matter. When adult and pediatric GBMs were compared to WM, 37 human miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed, with miR-10b-5p being the most overexpressed and miR-630 the most underexpressed. The overexpression of miR-630 was associated with reduced cell proliferation and invasion in the U87 GBM cell line, whereas the inhibition of miR-10b-5p reduced cell proliferation and colony formation in the U251 GBM cell line, suggesting that these miRNAs may act as tumor-suppressive and oncogenic miRNAs, respectively. The present study highlights the distinct epigenetic profiling of adult and pediatric GBMs and underscores the biological importance of mir-10b-5p and miR-630 for the pathobiology of these lethal tumors.
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Schmidt K, Carroll JS, Yee E, Thomas DD, Wert-Lamas L, Neier SC, Sheynkman G, Ritz J, Novina CD. The lncRNA SLNCR Recruits the Androgen Receptor to EGR1-Bound Genes in Melanoma and Inhibits Expression of Tumor Suppressor p21. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2493-2507.e4. [PMID: 31116991 PMCID: PMC6668037 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, affecting men more frequently and severely than women. Although recent studies suggest that differences in activity of the androgen receptor (AR) underlie the observed sex bias, little is known about AR activity in melanoma. Here we show that AR and EGR1 bind to the long non-coding RNA SLNCR and increase melanoma proliferation through coordinated transcriptional regulation of several growth-regulatory genes. ChIP-seq reveals that ligand-free AR is enriched on SLNCR-regulated melanoma genes and that AR genomic occupancy significantly overlaps with EGR1 at consensus EGR1 binding sites. We present a model in which SLNCR recruits AR to EGR1-bound genomic loci and switches EGR1-mediated transcriptional activation to repression of the tumor suppressor p21Waf1/Cip1. Our data implicate the regulatory triad of SLNCR, AR, and EGR1 in promoting oncogenesis and may help explain why men have a higher incidence of and more rapidly progressive melanomas compared with women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn Schmidt
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Johanna S Carroll
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Elaine Yee
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Dolly D Thomas
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Leon Wert-Lamas
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Steven C Neier
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Gloria Sheynkman
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Justin Ritz
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carl D Novina
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA.
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Garcia CM, Toms SA. The Role of Circulating MicroRNA in Glioblastoma Liquid Biopsy. World Neurosurg 2020; 138:425-435. [PMID: 32251831 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.03.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary malignancy of the central nervous system. The standard used to monitor disease progression and therapeutic response has been magnetic resonance imaging, which is usually obtained preoperatively and postoperatively. Patients with GBM are monitored every 2-3 months and scans are repeated until progression is detected. Sometimes there is an inability to detect tumor progression or difficulty in differentiating tumor progression from pseudoprogression. With the difficulty of distinguishing disease progression, as well as the cost of imaging, there may be a need for the existence of a noninvasive liquid biopsy. There is no reliable biomarker for GBM that can be used for liquid biopsy, but if one could be detected in serum or cerebrospinal fluid and vary with tumor burden, then, it could be developed into one. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally control gene expression. They play vital roles in tumor progression, migration, invasion, and stemness. Because miRNAs are secreted in stable forms in bodily fluid, either via extracellular vesicles or in cell-free form, they have great potential as biomarkers that can be used for liquid biopsy. Various miRNAs that are dysregulated in GBM have been identified in tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and serum samples. There needs to be standardization of sample collection and quantification for both cell-free and exosomal-derived samples. Further studies need to be performed on larger cohorts to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of not just miRNAs but most potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Garcia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Steven A Toms
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
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Wang T, Huang Z, Huang N, Peng Y, Gao M, Wang X, Feng W. Inhibition of KPNB1 Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells Through Regulation of E2F1. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10455-10467. [PMID: 31819526 PMCID: PMC6896920 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s210048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Karyopherin-β1 (KPNB1) belongs to the karyopherin superfamily, which functions as shuttling proteins from the cytoplasm to nuclear. A high level of KPNB1 has been reported in various cancers which promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. However, the role of KPNB1 in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) remains uncertain. Methods Expression level of KPNB1 in CML patient samples and cell lines was analyzed by Western blotting. The proliferation assays and colony formation assay were used to study the CML cell proliferation when KPNB1 knockdown in vitro. Next, Western blotting was used to evaluate the effects of KPNB1 on E2F1 and other cell cycle regulators. Then, the location of E2F1 was detected by immunofluorescence. Finally, flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of KPNB1 inhibitor importazole (IPZ) on CML cells. Results In this study, we firstly showed that KPNB1 is over-expressed in CML cells. Targeting KPNB1 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) and IPZ reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis of CML cells. The underlying mechanisms were also investigated that E2F1 nuclear transport was blocked after inhibiting KPNB1 with siRNA, suggesting KPNB1 over-expression mediates the excessive nuclear transport of E2F1 in CML cells. Moreover, the expression of the E2F1 targeted molecule such as c-Myc and KPNA2 was markedly reduced. The IPZ arrested CML cells at G2/M phase and induced cell apoptosis. Conclusion In summary, our results clearly showed that KPNB1 is over-expressed in CML cells and mediates the translocation of E2F1 into the nucleus of CML cells, thereby inhibition of KPNB1 reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis of CML cells which provides new insights for targeted CML therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenglan Huang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningshu Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Peng
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Feng
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
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MicroRNA Regulation of the Autotaxin-Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091369. [PMID: 31540086 PMCID: PMC6770380 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The revelation that microRNAs (miRNAs) exist within the human genome uncovered an underappreciated mechanism of gene expression. For cells to regulate expression of their genes, miRNA molecules and argonaute proteins bind to mRNAs and interfere with efficient translation of the RNA transcript. Although miRNAs have important roles in normal tissues, miRNAs may adopt aberrant functions in malignant cells depending on their classification as either a tumor suppressor or oncogenic miRNA. Within this review, the current status of miRNA regulation is described in the context of signaling through the lysophosphatidic acid receptors, including the lysophosphatidic acid-producing enzyme, autotaxin. Thus far, research has revealed miRNAs that increase in response to lysophosphatidic acid stimulation, such as miR-21, miR-30c-2-3p, and miR-122. Other miRNAs inhibit the translation of lysophosphatidic acid receptors, such as miR-15b, miR-23a, and miR200c, or proteins that are downstream of lysophosphatidic acid signaling, such as miR-146 and miR-21. With thousands of miRNAs still uncharacterized, it is anticipated that the complex regulation of lysophosphatidic acid signaling by miRNAs will continue to be elucidated. RNA-based therapeutics have entered the clinic with enormous potential in precision medicine. This exciting field is rapidly emerging and it will be fascinating to witness its expansion in scope.
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17
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Krichevsky AM, Uhlmann EJ. Oligonucleotide Therapeutics as a New Class of Drugs for Malignant Brain Tumors: Targeting mRNAs, Regulatory RNAs, Mutations, Combinations, and Beyond. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:319-347. [PMID: 30644073 PMCID: PMC6554258 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-00702-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors are rapidly progressive and often fatal owing to resistance to therapies and based on their complex biology, heterogeneity, and isolation from systemic circulation. Glioblastoma is the most common and most aggressive primary brain tumor, has high mortality, and affects both children and adults. Despite significant advances in understanding the pathology, multiple clinical trials employing various treatment strategies have failed. With much expanded knowledge of the GBM genome, epigenome, and transcriptome, the field of neuro-oncology is getting closer to achieve breakthrough-targeted molecular therapies. Current developments of oligonucleotide chemistries for CNS applications make this new class of drugs very attractive for targeting molecular pathways dysregulated in brain tumors and are anticipated to vastly expand the spectrum of currently targetable molecules. In this chapter, we will overview the molecular landscape of malignant gliomas and explore the most prominent molecular targets (mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and genomic mutations) that provide opportunities for the development of oligonucleotide therapeutics for this class of neurologic diseases. Because malignant brain tumors focally disrupt the blood-brain barrier, this class of diseases might be also more susceptible to systemic treatments with oligonucleotides than other neurologic disorders and, thus, present an entry point for the oligonucleotide therapeutics to the CNS. Nevertheless, delivery of oligonucleotides remains a crucial part of the treatment strategy. Finally, synthetic gRNAs guiding CRISPR-Cas9 editing technologies have a tremendous potential to further expand the applications of oligonucleotide therapeutics and take them beyond RNA targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Krichevsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
| | - Erik J Uhlmann
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
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18
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MicroRNA-451 Inhibits Migration of Glioblastoma while Making It More Susceptible to Conventional Therapy. Noncoding RNA 2019; 5:ncrna5010025. [PMID: 30875963 PMCID: PMC6468936 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna5010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioblastoma (GBM, glioma) is the most common and aggressive primary adult brain tumor. The prognosis of GBM patients remains poor, despite surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. The major obstacles for successful remedy are invasiveness and therapy resistance of GBM cells. Invasive glioma cells leave primary tumor core and infiltrate surrounding normal brain leading to inevitable recurrence, even after surgical resection, radiation and chemotherapy. Therapy resistance allowing for selection of more aggressive and resistant sub-populations including GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) upon treatment is another serious impediment to successful treatment. Through their regulation of multiple genes, microRNAs can orchestrate complex programs of gene expression and act as master regulators of cellular processes. MicroRNA-based therapeutics could thus impact broad cellular programs, leading to inhibition of invasion and sensitization to radio/chemotherapy. Our data show that miR-451 attenuates glioma cell migration in vitro and invasion in vivo. In addition, we have found that miR-451 sensitizes glioma cells to conventional chemo- and radio-therapy. Our data also show that miR-451 is regulated in vivo by AMPK pathway and that AMPK/miR-451 loop has the ability to switch between proliferative and migratory pattern of glioma cells behavior. We therefore postulate that AMPK/miR-451 negative reciprocal feedback loop allows GBM cells/GSCs to adapt to tumor “ecosystem” by metabolic and behavioral flexibility, and that disruption of such a loop reduces invasiveness and diminishes therapy resistance.
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FBXW7 in Cancer: What Has Been Unraveled Thus Far? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020246. [PMID: 30791487 PMCID: PMC6406609 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
: The FBXW7 (F-box with 7 tandem WD40) protein encoded by the gene FBXW7 is one of the crucial components of ubiquitin ligase called Skp1-Cullin1-F-box (SCF) complex that aids in the degradation of many oncoproteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) thus regulating cellular growth. FBXW7 is considered as a potent tumor suppressor as most of its target substrates can function as potential growth promoters, including c-Myc, Notch, cyclin E, c-JUN, and KLF5. Its regulators include p53, C/EBP-δ, Numb, microRNAs, Pin 1, Hes-5, BMI1, Ebp2. Mounting evidence has indicated the involvement of aberrant expression of FBXW7 for tumorigenesis. Moreover, numerous studies have also shown its role in cancer cell chemosensitization, thereby demonstrating the importance of FBXW7 in the development of curative cancer therapy. This comprehensive review emphasizes on the targets, functions, regulators and expression of FBXW7 in different cancers and its involvement in sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs.
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20
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Cava C, Manna I, Gambardella A, Bertoli G, Castiglioni I. Potential Role of miRNAs as Theranostic Biomarkers of Epilepsy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 13:275-290. [PMID: 30321815 PMCID: PMC6197620 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy includes a group of disorders of the brain characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures. Although familial epilepsy has a genetic component and heritability, the etiology of the majority of non-familial epilepsies has no known associated genetic mutations. In epilepsy, recent epigenetic profiles have highlighted a possible role of microRNAs in its pathophysiology. In particular, molecular profiling identifies a significant number of microRNAs (miRNAs) altered in epileptic hippocampus of both animal models and human tissues. In this review, analyzing molecular profiles of different animal models of epilepsy, we identified a group of 20 miRNAs commonly altered in different epilepsy-animal models. As emerging evidences highlighted the poor overlap between signatures of animal model tissues and human samples, we focused our analysis on miRNAs, circulating in human biofluids, with a principal role in epilepsy hallmarks, and we identified a group of 8 diagnostic circulating miRNAs. We discussed the functional role of these 8 miRNAs in the epilepsy hallmarks. A few of them have also been proposed as therapeutic molecules for epilepsy treatment, revealing a great potential for miRNAs as theranostic molecules in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cava
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Ida Manna
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Section of Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Gambardella
- Institute of Neurology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia," Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Gloria Bertoli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy.
| | - Isabella Castiglioni
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
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22
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Qian W, Zhang Z, Peng W, Li J, Gu Q, Ji D, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Ji B, Wang S, Zhang D, Sun Y. CDCA3 mediates p21-dependent proliferation by regulating E2F1 expression in colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2021-2033. [PMID: 30226575 PMCID: PMC6192733 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated cell cycle progression serves a crucial role in tumor development. Cell division cycle-associated 3 (CDCA3) is considered a trigger of mitotic entry; it is an important part of the S phase kinase-associated protein 1/Cullin/F-box ubiquitin ligase complex and mediates the destruction of mitosis-inhibitory kinase wee1. However, little is known about the role of CDCA3 in cancer, particularly colorectal cancer (CRC). The present study aimed to explore the biological and clinical significance of CDCA3 in CRC growth and progression. CDCA3 expression was significantly associated with tumor progression and poor survival. Overexpression of CDCA3 increased proliferation in LoVo CRC cells, whereas CDCA3 knockdown in SW480 CRC cells led to decreased proliferation, in vitro and in vivo. Further mechanistic investigations demonstrated that reduced CDCA3 expression resulted in G1/S phase transition arrest, which was attributed to a significant accumulation of p21 in SW480 cells; conversely, increased CDCA3 expression promoted G1/S phase transition through decreased p21 accumulation in LoVo cells. It was also demonstrated that CDCA3 was able to regulate the expression of transcription factor E2F1, thereby repressing p21 expression. Taken together, these results suggested that overexpression of CDCA3 may serve a crucial role in tumor malignant potential and that CDCA3 may be used as a prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Qian
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wen Peng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qiou Gu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Dongjian Ji
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Bing Ji
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Sen Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yueming Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Broekman ML, Maas SLN, Abels ER, Mempel TR, Krichevsky AM, Breakefield XO. Multidimensional communication in the microenvirons of glioblastoma. Nat Rev Neurol 2018; 14:482-495. [PMID: 29985475 PMCID: PMC6425928 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-018-0025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are heterogeneous and invariably lethal tumours. They are characterized by genetic and epigenetic variations among tumour cells, which makes the development of therapies that eradicate all tumour cells challenging and currently impossible. An important component of glioblastoma growth is communication with and manipulation of other cells in the brain environs, which supports tumour progression and resistance to therapy. Glioblastoma cells recruit innate immune cells and change their phenotype to support tumour growth. Tumour cells also suppress adaptive immune responses, and our increasing understanding of how T cells access the brain and how the tumour thwarts the immune response offers new strategies for mobilizing an antitumour response. Tumours also subvert normal brain cells - including endothelial cells, neurons and astrocytes - to create a microenviron that favours tumour success. Overall, after glioblastoma-induced phenotypic modifications, normal cells cooperate with tumour cells to promote tumour proliferation, invasion of the brain, immune suppression and angiogenesis. This glioblastoma takeover of the brain involves multiple modes of communication, including soluble factors such as chemokines and cytokines, direct cell-cell contact, extracellular vesicles (including exosomes and microvesicles) and connecting nanotubes and microtubes. Understanding these multidimensional communications between the tumour and the cells in its environs could open new avenues for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marike L Broekman
- Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Institute of Neurosciences, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Sybren L N Maas
- Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Institute of Neurosciences, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Erik R Abels
- Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thorsten R Mempel
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna M Krichevsky
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Initiative for RNA Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Ru Q, Li WL, Xiong Q, Chen L, Tian X, Li CY. Voltage-gated potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine induces glioma cell apoptosis by reducing expression of microRNA-10b-5p. Mol Biol Cell 2018. [PMID: 29514931 PMCID: PMC5921578 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-02-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv channels) were associated with regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis in tumor cells. Our previous study proved that the Kv channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) could inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in glioma. However, the precise mechanisms were not clear yet. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that act as key mediators in the progression of tumor, so the aim of this study was to investigate the role of miRNAs in the apoptosis-promoting effect of 4-AP in glioma cells. Using a microRNA array, we found that 4-AP altered the miRNA expression in glioma cells, and the down-regulation of miR-10b-5p induced by 4-AP was verified by real-time PCR. Transfection of miR-10b-5p mimic significantly inhibited 4-AP-induced caspases activation and apoptosis. Moreover, we verified that apoptosis-related molecule Apaf-1 was the direct target of miR-10b-5p. Furthermore, miR-10b-5p mimic significantly inhibited 4-AP-induced up-regulation of Apaf-1 and its downstream apoptosis-related proteins, such as cleaved caspase-3. In conclusion, Kv channel blocker 4-AP may exert its anti-tumor effect by down-regulating the expression of miR-10b-5p and then raised expression of Apaf-1 and its downstream apoptosis-related proteins. Current data provide evidence that miRNAs play important roles in Kv channels-mediated cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ru
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Wei-Ling Li
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Qi Xiong
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xiang Tian
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Chao-Ying Li
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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Feng Z, Zhang L, Zhou J, Zhou S, Li L, Guo X, Feng G, Ma Z, Huang W, Huang F. mir-218-2 promotes glioblastomas growth, invasion and drug resistance by targeting CDC27. Oncotarget 2018; 8:6304-6318. [PMID: 27974673 PMCID: PMC5351633 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma has become a significant global health problem with substantial morbidity and mortality, underscoring the importance of elucidating its underlying molecular mechanisms. Recent studies have identified mir-218 as an anti-oncogene; however, the specific functions of mir-218-1 and mir-218-2 remain unknown, especially the latter. The objective of this study was to further investigate the role of mir-218-2 in glioma. Our results indicated that mir-218-2 is highly overexpressed in glioma. Furthermore, we showed that mir-218-2 is positively correlated with the growth, invasion, migration, and drug susceptibility (to β-lapachone) of glioma cells. In vitro, the overexpression of mir-218-2 promoted glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. In addition, the overexpression of mir-218-2 in vivo was found to increase glioma tumor growth. Accordingly, the inhibition of mir-218-2 resulted in the opposite effects. Cell division cycle 27 (CDC27), the downstream target of mir-218-2, is involved in the regulation of glioma cells. Our results indicate that the overexpression of CDC27 counteracted the function of mir-218-2 in glioma cells. These novel findings provide new insight in the application of mir-218-2 as a potential glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoying Feng
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Otology & Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Laishan District, Shandong Province, 264003,China
| | - Luping Zhang
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Otology & Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Laishan District, Shandong Province, 264003,China
| | - Junchen Zhou
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Otology & Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Laishan District, Shandong Province, 264003,China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Otology & Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Laishan District, Shandong Province, 264003,China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Otology & Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Laishan District, Shandong Province, 264003,China
| | - Xuyan Guo
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Otology & Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Laishan District, Shandong Province, 264003,China
| | - Guoying Feng
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Otology & Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Laishan District, Shandong Province, 264003,China
| | - Ze Ma
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Otology & Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Laishan District, Shandong Province, 264003,China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Otology & Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Laishan District, Shandong Province, 264003,China
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Zhi T, Jiang K, Xu X, Yu T, Wu W, Nie E, Zhou X, Jin X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Liu N. MicroRNA-520d-5p inhibits human glioma cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest by directly targeting PTTG1. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:4872-4887. [PMID: 29218086 PMCID: PMC5714772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioma accounts for the majority of primary malignant brain tumors in adults and is highly aggressive. Although various therapeutic approaches have been applied, outcomes of glioma treatment remain poor. Acquiring a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms is essential to the design of effective therapeutic strategies. Previous studies have found that miR-520d-5p was negatively correlated with glioma grade, but its role and mechanism in glioma progression remain largely unknown. In the present study, we reported that miR-520d-5p directly targeted the Pituitary Tumor Transforming Gene 1 (PTTG1) and functioned as a tumor-suppressor in glioma. The expression of miR-520d-5p in glioma cells and specimens were detected by Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The effects of miR-520d-5p on glioma progression was examined by cell-counting kit 8, colony formation, 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EDU) and flow cytometry assays. Using bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays, we identified PTTG1 as a novel and direct target of miR-520d-3p. A xenograft model was used to study the effect of miR-520d-5p on tumor growth and angiogenesis. We found that miR-520d-5p expression was significantly decreased in glioma cell lines and tissues. Overexpression of miR-520d-5p showed a significant inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and accompanied cell cycle G0/G1 arrest in U87-MG and LN229 glioma cells. PTTG1 was a novel and direct target of miR-520d-5p, and the protein expression of PTTG1 was markedly reduced after overexpression of miR-520d-5p in U87-MG and LN229 cells. Overexpression of PTTG1 reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-520d-5p on glioma cell proliferation. In vivo studies confirmed that miR-520d-5p overexpression retarded the growth of U87 xenograft tumors, which was accompanied by reduced expression of PTTG1. In conclusion, these results provide compelling evidence that miR-520d-5p functions as an anti-onco-miRNA, which is important in inhibiting cell proliferation in GBM, and its anti-oncogenic effects are mediated chiefly through direct suppression of PTTG1 expression. Therefore, we suggest that miR-520d-5p is a potential candidate for the prevention of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongle Zhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kuan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yixing People’s HospitalYixing 214200, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiupeng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianfu Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weining Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Er Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yingyi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
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28
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Ma C, Wei F, Xia H, Liu H, Dong X, Zhang Y, Luo Q, Liu Y, Li Y. MicroRNA-10b mediates TGF-β1-regulated glioblastoma proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1739-1748. [PMID: 28393237 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is well known that exaggerated proliferation, metastasis and the mesenchymal subtype is related with worst prognoses in glioblastoma (GBM) and that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a potent factor in regulating the proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype of GBM, the detailed mechanisms are still far from elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which play critical roles in various diseases by regulating target gene expression. We report that miR-10b, a molecule downstream of TGF-β1, is involved in TGF-β1-regulated GBM cell proliferation, migration and EMT. We found that exposure of GBM cells to TGF-β1 significantly upregulated miR-10b expression. Overexpression of miR-10b promotes GBM cell proliferation, migration and EMT, whereas depletion of miR-10b obtained reverse effects. Further studies uncovered that some tumor-associated genes including epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) are target genes of miR-10b. In human GBM xenografts, antagomiR directed against miR-10b markedly suppressed tumor growth, and the tumor volume shrunk from 1252.5±285 to 873.4±205 mm3 after antagomiR‑10b treatment for 3 weeks compared with the control group (P<0.01). Taken together, our data collectively demonstrate that the proliferation, migration and EMT features of GBM cells can be regulated by TGF-β1 stimulation through controlling miR-10b. Thus, our findings provide a rationale for targeting TGF-β1 or miR-10b for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Huan Xia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Haiyu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xuechao Dong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yandong Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Luo
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory of PLA, The Eleventh Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences of PLA, Changchun, Jilin 130122, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory of PLA, The Eleventh Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences of PLA, Changchun, Jilin 130122, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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29
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Teplyuk NM, Uhlmann EJ, Gabriely G, Volfovsky N, Wang Y, Teng J, Karmali P, Marcusson E, Peter M, Mohan A, Kraytsberg Y, Cialic R, Chiocca EA, Godlewski J, Tannous B, Krichevsky AM. Therapeutic potential of targeting microRNA-10b in established intracranial glioblastoma: first steps toward the clinic. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:268-87. [PMID: 26881967 PMCID: PMC4772951 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-10b (miR-10b) is a unique oncogenic miRNA that is highly expressed in all GBM subtypes, while absent in normal neuroglial cells of the brain. miR-10b inhibition strongly impairs proliferation and survival of cultured glioma cells, including glioma-initiating stem-like cells (GSC). Although several miR-10b targets have been identified previously, the common mechanism conferring the miR-10b-sustained viability of GSC is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that in heterogeneous GSC, miR-10b regulates cell cycle and alternative splicing, often through the non-canonical targeting via 5'UTRs of its target genes, including MBNL1-3, SART3, and RSRC1. We have further assessed the inhibition of miR-10b in intracranial human GSC-derived xenograft and murine GL261 allograft models in athymic and immunocompetent mice. Three delivery routes for the miR-10b antisense oligonucleotide inhibitors (ASO), direct intratumoral injections, continuous osmotic delivery, and systemic intravenous injections, have been explored. In all cases, the treatment with miR-10b ASO led to targets' derepression, and attenuated growth and progression of established intracranial GBM. No significant systemic toxicity was observed upon ASO administration by local or systemic routes. Our results indicate that miR-10b is a promising candidate for the development of targeted therapies against all GBM subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiya M Teplyuk
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erik J Uhlmann
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Galina Gabriely
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Yang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian Teng
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Merlene Peter
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Athul Mohan
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yevgenya Kraytsberg
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ron Cialic
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jakub Godlewski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bakhos Tannous
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna M Krichevsky
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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30
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Xue H, Guo X, Han X, Yan S, Zhang J, Xu S, Li T, Guo X, Zhang P, Gao X, Liu Q, Li G. MicroRNA-584-3p, a novel tumor suppressor and prognostic marker, reduces the migration and invasion of human glioma cells by targeting hypoxia-induced ROCK1. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4785-805. [PMID: 26715733 PMCID: PMC4826243 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report that microRNA-584-3p (miR-584-3p) is up-regulated in hypoxic glioma cells and in high-grade human glioma tumors (WHO grades III–IV) relative to normoxic cells and to low-grade tumors (WHO grades I–II), respectively. The postoperative survival time was significantly prolonged in the high-grade glioma patients with high miR-584-3p expression compared with those with low miR-584-3p expression. miR-584-3p may function as a potent tumor suppressor and as a prognostic biomarker for malignant glioma. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these properties remain poorly understood. Our mechanistic studies revealed that miR-584-3p suppressed the migration and invasion of glioma cells by disrupting hypoxia-induced stress fiber formation. Specifically, we have found that ROCK1 is a direct and functionally relevant target of miR-584-3p in glioma cells. Our results have demonstrated a tumor suppressive function of miR-584-3p in glioma, in which it inhibits the migration and invasion of tumor cells by antagonizing hypoxia-induced, ROCK1-dependent stress fiber formation. Our findings have potential implications for glioma gene therapy and suggest that miR-584-3p could represent a prognostic indicator for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China.,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China.,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Shaofeng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jinsen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Shugang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofan Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China.,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Qinglin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China.,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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31
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Tume L, Cisneros C, Sevillano J, Pacheco-Tapia R, Matos D, Acevedo-Espínola R, Ubidia-Incio R, Rodríguez W. Desregulación de microARN en el cáncer: un enfoque terapéutico y diagnóstico. GACETA MEXICANA DE ONCOLOGÍA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gamo.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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32
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Shea A, Harish V, Afzal Z, Chijioke J, Kedir H, Dusmatova S, Roy A, Ramalinga M, Harris B, Blancato J, Verma M, Kumar D. MicroRNAs in glioblastoma multiforme pathogenesis and therapeutics. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1917-46. [PMID: 27282910 PMCID: PMC4971921 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal cancer of the adult brain, remaining incurable with a median survival time of only 15 months. In an effort to identify new targets for GBM diagnostics and therapeutics, recent studies have focused on molecular phenotyping of GBM subtypes. This has resulted in mounting interest in microRNAs (miRNAs) due to their regulatory capacities in both normal development and in pathological conditions such as cancer. miRNAs have a wide range of targets, allowing them to modulate many pathways critical to cancer progression, including proliferation, cell death, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. This review explores our current understanding of miRNAs that are differentially modulated and pathologically involved in GBM as well as the current state of miRNA-based therapeutics. As the role of miRNAs in GBM becomes more well understood and novel delivery methods are developed and optimized, miRNA-based therapies could provide a critical step forward in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Shea
- Division of Science and MathematicsCancer Research LaboratoryUniversity of the District of ColumbiaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20008
| | | | - Zainab Afzal
- Division of Science and MathematicsCancer Research LaboratoryUniversity of the District of ColumbiaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20008
| | - Juliet Chijioke
- Division of Science and MathematicsCancer Research LaboratoryUniversity of the District of ColumbiaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20008
| | - Habib Kedir
- Division of Science and MathematicsCancer Research LaboratoryUniversity of the District of ColumbiaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20008
| | - Shahnoza Dusmatova
- Division of Science and MathematicsCancer Research LaboratoryUniversity of the District of ColumbiaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20008
| | - Arpita Roy
- Division of Science and MathematicsCancer Research LaboratoryUniversity of the District of ColumbiaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20008
| | - Malathi Ramalinga
- Division of Science and MathematicsCancer Research LaboratoryUniversity of the District of ColumbiaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20008
| | - Brent Harris
- Department of Neurology and PathologyGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20057
| | - Jan Blancato
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20057
| | - Mukesh Verma
- Division of Cancer Control and Population SciencesNational Cancer Institute (NCI)National Institutes of Health (NIH)RockvilleMaryland20850
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Division of Science and MathematicsCancer Research LaboratoryUniversity of the District of ColumbiaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20008
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20057
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33
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Izzotti A, Carozzo S, Pulliero A, Zhabayeva D, Ravetti JL, Bersimbaev R. Extracellular MicroRNA in liquid biopsy: applicability in cancer diagnosis and prevention. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1461-1493. [PMID: 27508091 PMCID: PMC4969398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the goals of contemporary cancer research is the development of new markers that facilitate earlier and non-invasive diagnosis. MicroRNAs are non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression; studies have shown that their expression levels are altered in cancer. Recently, extra-cellular microRNAs have been detected in biological fluids and studied as possible cancer markers that can be detected by noninvasive procedures. In this review, we analyze the current understanding of extracellular miRNAs based on clinical studies to establish their possible use for the prevention of the most common tumors. Despite discrepancies among different studies of the same cancers, panels of specific extracellular microRNAs are emerging as a new tool for the secondary (selection of high-risk individuals to undergo screening) and tertiary (relapse) prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of GenoaItaly
- IRCCS AOU San Martino ISTGenoa Italy
| | | | | | - Dinara Zhabayeva
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Inst. of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumyliov Eurasian National UniversityAstana, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Rakhmet Bersimbaev
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Inst. of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumyliov Eurasian National UniversityAstana, Kazakhstan
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34
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MiR-10b decreases sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to radiation by targeting AKT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:14. [PMID: 27347488 PMCID: PMC4921021 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-016-0051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioblastomas are the most aggressive brain tumors with extremely poor prognosis despite advances in treatment techniques. MiR-10b is highly expressed in glioblastoma and regulates cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Here, we examined the role of MiR-10b on radiotherapy of glioblastomas. Methods MiR-10b mimic or anti-MiR-10b inhibitor was transfected in glioblastoma cells. WST-1 assay was used to examine the effect of MiR-10b on proliferation of transfected glioblastoma cells after radiation treatment. Apoptosis was examined by caspase 3/7 activity and TUNEL assay. The western blot was used to evaluate protein expression. Results Altered expression of MiR-10b changed the radiation-induced inhibitory effect on proliferation of glioblastoma cells with dose-dependent manner. MiR-10b decreased radiation-induced apoptosis in glioblastoma cells by activation of caspase 3/7 and inhibition Bcl-2 expression. MiR-10b enhances migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells in presence of radiation. In addition, MiR-10b decreased the sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to radiotherapy by activation of p-AKT expression. Conclusions MiR-10b might be a potential biomarker to predict radiotherapy response and prognosis in glioblastomas.
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35
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Moyon S, Liang J, Casaccia P. Epigenetics in NG2 glia cells. Brain Res 2016; 1638:183-198. [PMID: 26092401 PMCID: PMC4683112 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The interplay of transcription and epigenetic marks is essential for oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) proliferation and differentiation during development. Here, we review the recent advances in this field and highlight mechanisms of transcriptional repression and activation involved in OPC proliferation, differentiation and plasticity. We also describe how dysregulation of these epigenetic events may affect demyelinating disorders, and consider potential ways to manipulate NG2 cell behavior through modulation of the epigenome. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:NG2-glia(Invited only).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Moyon
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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36
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Larrea E, Sole C, Manterola L, Goicoechea I, Armesto M, Arestin M, Caffarel MM, Araujo AM, Araiz M, Fernandez-Mercado M, Lawrie CH. New Concepts in Cancer Biomarkers: Circulating miRNAs in Liquid Biopsies. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050627. [PMID: 27128908 PMCID: PMC4881453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective and efficient management of cancer patients relies upon early diagnosis and/or the monitoring of treatment, something that is often difficult to achieve using standard tissue biopsy techniques. Biological fluids such as blood hold great possibilities as a source of non-invasive cancer biomarkers that can act as surrogate markers to biopsy-based sampling. The non-invasive nature of these “liquid biopsies” ultimately means that cancer detection may be earlier and that the ability to monitor disease progression and/or treatment response represents a paradigm shift in the treatment of cancer patients. Below, we review one of the most promising classes of circulating cancer biomarkers: microRNAs (miRNAs). In particular, we will consider their history, the controversy surrounding their origin and biology, and, most importantly, the hurdles that remain to be overcome if they are really to become part of future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Larrea
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Carla Sole
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Lorea Manterola
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Ibai Goicoechea
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - María Armesto
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - María Arestin
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - María M Caffarel
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Angela M Araujo
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - María Araiz
- Hematology Department, Donostia Hospital, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | | | - Charles H Lawrie
- Molecular Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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37
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Bronisz A, Godlewski J, Chiocca EA. Extracellular Vesicles and MicroRNAs: Their Role in Tumorigenicity and Therapy for Brain Tumors. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 36:361-76. [PMID: 26983830 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs which mediate post-transcriptional gene regulation. Recently, microRNAs have also been found to be localized to the extracellular space, often encapsulated in secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs). This tandem of EVs and tissue-specific expressed/secreted microRNAs that can be taken up by neighboring or distant recipient cells, leading to changes in gene expression-suggests a cell-specialized role in physiological and pathological conditions. The complexity of solid tumors and their distinct pathophysiology relies on interactive communications between the various cell types in the neoplasm (tumor, endothelial, or macrophages, for instance). Understanding how such EV/microRNA-mediated communication occurs may actually lead to avenues for therapeutic exploitation and/or intervention, particularly for the most formidable cancers, such as those in the brain. In this review, the role of microRNAs/EVs in brain tumors will be discussed with emphasis on how these molecules could be utilized for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bronisz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jakub Godlewski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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38
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Wong HKA, Fatimy RE, Onodera C, Wei Z, Yi M, Mohan A, Gowrisankaran S, Karmali P, Marcusson E, Wakimoto H, Stephens R, Uhlmann EJ, Song JS, Tannous B, Krichevsky AM. The Cancer Genome Atlas Analysis Predicts MicroRNA for Targeting Cancer Growth and Vascularization in Glioblastoma. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1234-1247. [PMID: 25903473 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using in silico analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we identified microRNAs associated with glioblastoma (GBM) survival, and predicted their functions in glioma growth and progression. Inhibition of two "risky" miRNAs, miR-148a and miR-31, in orthotopic xenograft GBM mouse models suppressed tumor growth and thereby prolonged animal survival. Intracranial tumors treated with uncomplexed miR-148a and miR-31 antagomirs exhibited reduced proliferation, stem cell depletion, and normalized tumor vasculature. Growth-promoting functions of these two miRNAs were, in part, mediated by the common target, the factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (FIH1), and the downstream pathways involving hypoxia-inducible factor HIF1α and Notch signaling. Therefore, miR-31 and miR-148a regulate glioma growth by maintaining tumor stem cells and their niche, and providing the tumor a way to activate angiogenesis even in a normoxic environment. This is the first study that demonstrates intratumoral uptake and growth-inhibiting effects of uncomplexed antagomirs in orthotopic glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon-Kit Andus Wong
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachid El Fatimy
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Courtney Onodera
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zhiyun Wei
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ming Yi
- Cancer Research and Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Athul Mohan
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sindhuja Gowrisankaran
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Priya Karmali
- Regulus Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Stephens
- Cancer Research and Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Erik J Uhlmann
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jun S Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Current Address: Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA; Current Address: Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Bakhos Tannous
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna M Krichevsky
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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